Tloaelo ea k'holeseterole ka lilemo le bong ke tafole e bonang

Matšoao a metabolism ea lipid, eo e 'ngoe ea eona e leng k'holeseterole, e bapala karolo e kholo ho lekola kotsi ea pelo le pelo. Ho utloisisoa e le monyetla oa motho ea nang le lefu la pelo kapa setorouku le lefu ho eena lilemong tse 10 tse tlang. Ke eng seo e lokelang ho ba k'holeseterole maling le hore na e lokela ho etsoa joang haeba e phahamisitsoe?

Hobaneng o hloka ho lekola cholesterol

Ka tloaelo, cholesterol ha se karolo ea "metabolism" feela, empa ke ntho ea bohlokoa. Ka sebopeho sa eona, ke joala bo thata joalo ka joala. Hoo e ka bang 20% ​​ea kakaretso ea cholesterol e tsoile, ke hore, e kenyellelitsoeng ke lijo. Tse ling kaofela, li-synto native, li etsoa ka litho tsa kahare, haholoholo ke sebete le mala.

Cholesterol e ameha hoo e batlang e le li-biosynthesis tsohle tsa li-hormone le tsa thobalano, kaha ke karolo e ka tlas'a bona. Ntle le moo, ke thepa ea mohaho bakeng sa marako a lisele le li-membrane, e amehang phetohong ea vithamine D.

Ka boeona, k'holeseterole ke karolo e hlophisitsoeng, ka hona, bakeng sa ho tsamaisoa ho ea ho litho tsa 'mele le lisele, e tlameha ho "liprotheine tse tsamaisang". Mokhatlo o hlahisang molek'hule o bitsoang lipoprotein. Ke a mefuta e meraro - HDL, LDL le VLDL (letsoalo le phahameng, le tlase haholo, ka tatellano). Motho e moholo ea phetseng hantle o lokela ho ba le likaroloana tsena kaofela, empa ka har'a meeli ea litekanyetso tse itseng le karolo e itseng lipakeng tsa e mong.

Li-lipoprotein tse tlase haholo, tse bitsitsoeng "cholesterol" e mpe "le HDL" hantle. Sena se bakoa ke ho ikhethang ha thepa ea bona. Mafura a manyenyane haholo a bobebe, a boreleli ebile a na le bokhoni ba ho khomarelana le mabota a methapo ea methapo. Kahoo, ha litaba tsa bona maling li eketseha, ba qala ho lula lipakeng tsa likhoele tsa endothelium, li baka ho ruruha ho eona. Kamora nako, li-plaque tsa atherosselotic li theha sebakeng se joalo sa foci. LDL e bapala karolo ea ts'ebetso ea thrombosis, hobane ha e khomarelane eseng feela, empa hape le lisele tse ling tse kholo tsa mali.

Mochine ona o baka lefu le kang vascular atherosclerosis. Ts'ebetso ea ho eketsa bongata ba k'holeseterole e kotsi ha e hlahisoe kantle, ke hore, lefu lena le tsoela pele methating ea pele. ha ho na matšoao kapa matšoao a bongaka. Mokhahlelong oa pele, ho se leka-lekane ha lipid ho ka bonoa feela tlhahlobisong ea biochemical ea mali e tsoang mothapong.

Haufinyane ho fumanoe maemo a tloaelehileng a cholesterol, ho tla ba bonolo le ho feta kapele hore a khone ho fola. Khafetsa, haeba liphetoho tsa boemo ba sefahleho tsa lipid li fumanoa ka nako 'me li e-so ho iponahatse e le litletlebo, bothata bo ka rarolloa ka ho fetola lijo feela. Ntle le moo, haeba maemo a sa tsotelloe 'me a senoloa haholo ka nako eo, morao-rao bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha se ntho e ntle haholo - ho fanoe ka meriana,' me maemong a mang, kalafo ea ho buuoa.

Lethathamo la kakaretso ea cholesterol ea mali ho basali le banna

Ke lipalo life tsa cholesterol tse nkoang li tloaelehile ho motho ea phetseng hantle? Palo e ikhethileng ea bokahohle ha e eo. E susumetsoa ke lintlha tse ngata, tseo boholo ba tsona e leng bong le lilemo. Ho ipapisitsoe le liparamente tsena tse peli, lingaka li ile tsa kopanya tafole ka lilemo ka maemo a tloaelehileng a cholesterol.

Lipalo bakeng sa lipalo tse tloaelehileng tsa lipid li kopane haholo ebile li ka fapana ka bomong. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore lintlha tse joalo ka mofuta oa phepo, mokhoa oa bophelo, boemo ba boikoetliso ba 'mele, ho ba teng hoa mekhoa e mebe, maemo a ikemiselitseng liphatsa tsa lefutso, jj., Li susumetsa tloaelo ea cholesterol.

Ka ho khetheha e kotsi, ho ea ka kotsi ea atherosclerosis, ke lilemo tse kamora lilemo tse 35 ho isa ho tse 40. Nakong ena, liphetoho tsa lihormone 'meleng le liphetoho tsa pele tse iponahatsang lipid profil e ba teng. Mohlala, ho lilemo tse 35, diyuniti tse 6,58 ke moeli o kaholimo ho se tloaelehileng, 'me ho 40, ho fihla ho 6.99 mmol / l e se e nkoa e le boemo bo amohelehang bakeng sa banna ba nang le cholesterol e felletseng.

Ha motho a ntse a tsofala, o ba le mafu a kopaneng a bileng a fokotsang ho khutla hoa 'mele. Sena sohle se eketsa kotsi ea ho hlaha ha mathata lipid. Lefu la tsoekere, angina pectoris, lefu la pelo - ho batho ba baholo, ts'oaetso ena e atile haholo. Bakeng sa bona, meeli ea k'holeseterole e lokela ho ba tlase, hobane mesebetsi e tlatselletsang ea methapo ea methapo e fokotsehile. Kahoo, boemo ba sepheo bakeng sa IHD, lichapo kapa ho otla ha pelo ho anamnesis ke 2,5 mmol / L ka tlase ho moeli o kaholimo oa tloaelo bakeng sa mong le e mong lilemo, ka ho latellana.

Nakong ea lilemo tse 50, liphetoho tse hlokomelehang moetlong oa cholesterol ho basali lia hlokomeleha. Sena se bakoa ke ho fokotseha ha motsoako oa lihormone, phetoho maemong a bona le ho fokotseha hoa tlhoko ea k'holeseterole ea tsamaiso ea endocrine. Bakeng sa banna kamora lilemo tse 55, 'me hangata kamora lilemo tse 60, litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng lia tsitsa ebe li lieha ho fokotseha le lilemo.

A laboratori decoding ho batho ba baholo, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho ela hloko eseng feela ka melao ea k'holeseterole e felletseng. Bohlokoa ka ho tšoanang ke litekanyetso tsa triglycerides, cholesterol e mpe le e ntle (LDL le HDL, ka ho latellana), le katleho ea atherogenicity.

Ke cholesterol e phahameng ka ho fetisisa eo motho a ka bang le eona

Ho latela liphuputso, cholesterol e phahameng ke mohopolo oa motho ka mong, ka hona, ho ke ke ha boleloa hore na ke lipalo life tse nkoang li le ngata kapa li le tlase. Matšoao a k'holeseterole ho tloha 5.2 ho isa ho 6,19 mmol / l a nkoa a phahame ka mokhoa o itekanetseng. Ka lipalo tsena, o hloka ho ela hloko lintlha tse ling tsa profid ea lipid, haholo-holo ho LDL. Haeba palo ea cholesterol e felletseng, ho latela tlhahlobo, e phahame ho feta 6.2 mmol / l, joale boemo bona bo nkuoa bo le kotsi ho bophelo bo botle bo nang le kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le lefu la atherosclerosis.

Mefuta ea k'holeseterole le katleho ea atherogenic

K'holeseterole ea mali ka tloaelo e fumaneha feela likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa eona. Lithako tsena ha lia lokela ho ba feela mekhahlelong e meng e tloaelehileng, empa hape e be ka nepo kamano. Mohlala, paramente e joalo ho tlhaiso-leseling e lekanang hantle le katleho e bonts'a tekanyo ea cholesterol e ntle, e ntle ea HDL ho cholesterol e felletseng.

Coheroffer ea atherogenic e ka bonahatsa hantle boemo ba metabolism ea mafura. Ba e ela hloko e le sesupo sa kalafo e fokotsang lipid. Ho e bala, ho hlokahala ho nka boleng ba k'holeseterole e bohlokoa ho tsoa boleng ba cholesterol e phethahetseng mme o arole phapang e hlahisitsoeng ho HDL.

Boemo bo amohelehang ba komporo ea atherogenic e tsamaisana le lilemo tse itseng.

  • 2.0-2, 8. Lipalo tse joalo li lokela ho ba ho batho ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 30.
  • 3.0-3.5. Melao-motheo ena ke boemo bo tloaelehileng ho batho ba fetang 30 ba se nang matšoao a laboratori kapa a kliniki ea ts'ebetso ea atherosselotic.
  • Ka holimo ho 4. Palo ena e nkoa e le phahameng. Ke tšobotsi ea mokuli ea nang le lefu la pelo.

Ho latela maemo a machabeng, metabolism ea lipid e haufi le e tloaelehileng litekanyetsong tse latelang tse boletsoeng:

  • k'holeseterole e felletseng - ho fihlela ho 5mmol / l,
  • triglycerides - ho fihla ho 2,
  • LDL - ho fihla ho 3,
  • HDL - ho tloha 1,
  • coheroffen ea atherogenic - ho fihla ho likarolo tse 3.

Re lokela ho hopola hore tloaelo ea k'holeseterole ke senotlolo sa tsamaiso ea methapo e phetseng hantle. Ka hona, o hloka ho etsa boiteko bohle ho tsitsisa le ho ntlafatsa profaele ea hau ea lipid.

Sena se ka etsoa ka ho sebelisa kalafo ea phepo e matla ea hypocholesterol. E lokela ho fokotsoa ka bongata ba mafura a liphoofolo, haholo-holo lijo tse phehiloeng ho e-na le tse halikiloeng, meroho le litholoana tse ncha. Lijo tse nang le k'holeseterole e phahameng li tsamaellana le mokhoa o mafolofolo oa ho ikoetlisa - ho ikoetlisa hoseng - ho ikoetlisa hoseng, ho matha. Ha cholesterol e eketseha haholo, ebe ho fihlela phello e kholo, ngaka e khetha kalafo e hlokahalang ea lithethefatsi, litlhare tse boletsoeng ho tsoa lihlopheng tsa li-statins kapa li-fibrate.

K'holeseterole ea mali ke letšoao la bohlokoa la bophelo bo botle ba 'mele. Ha litekanyetso tsa eona li qala ho feta meeli e tloaelehileng, menyetla ea ho ba le mafu a methapo ea pelo le pelo - atherosulinosis, stroke le ho otloa ke pelo - ea eketseha.

Mehato ea pele ea ts'ebetso e joalo ha e na matšoao a kantle mme e ka bonoa feela ka tlhahlobo. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo hore khafetsa u nke lipidiliks tse thibelang le ho nka mehato ka nako, hobane kalafo e se e qalile kapele, ke eona e ananelang lefu lena. Kamora ho fumana sephetho, o lokela ho buisana le setsebi se ikhethang se tla khothaletsa mehato e hlokahalang le ho fana ka kalafo e le 'ngoe.

Ts'ebetso ea cholesterol 'meleng

Ka sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, k'holeseterole ke ea sehlopha sa li-alphohols tsa lipophilic. E bohlokoa bakeng sa 'mele, kaha ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea li-membrane tsa lisele mme e ameha ho tlatselletso ea:

  • li-hormone - testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone,
  • Vithamine D3
  • bile asiti.

Ekaba 80% ea cholesterol e hlahisoa ke litho tse fapaneng tsa batho (haholo-holo sebete), 20% e kenelletse ka lijo.

Ntho ena ha e qhibilihe ka metsing, ka hona e ke ke ea tsamaea le phallo ea mali ka boeona. Bakeng sa sena, e tlama ho liprotheine tse ikhethang - li-apolipoprotein. Mefuta e bakoang ke sena e bitsoa lipoprotein.

Tse ling tsa tsona li na le letsoalo le phahameng (HDL), athe tse ling li na le letsoalo le tlase (LDL). Ba pele ba tlosa mafura a mangata 'meleng, a phetseng marakong a methapo, a nka karolo ho etseng lipalo tsa methapo ea kutlo.

Ka hona, ha ho tluoa ka "lipid" tse ntle, re bolela HDL, le "e mpe" - LDL. Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole ke kakaretso ea lipoprotein tsohle.

Ho etsoa lipatlisiso tsa metabolism ea lipid e le ho lekola kotsi ea motho ea ntlafatsang atherosulinosis le mathata a pelo (sheba ho hloekisa methapo ea kelello mona).

Leha taba ea hore ho banna le basali e le ntho e tloaelehileng, k'holeseterole maling (tafole ka lilemo e fanoa ka tlase) e fapane, ka meriana ho na le lipontšo tse laoloang.

Lingaka tse sebetsang li tataisoa ke lipalo tse khothaletsoang ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo. Li shebahala tjena:

Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole (Yuniti ea litekanyo e latelang ke mmol / l):

  • tloaelehileng - ho fihlela ho 5.2,
  • e eketsehile - 5, - 6.1,
  • phahameng - ho feta 6.2.

LDL:

  • Tloaelo e fihla ho 3,3,
  • e eketsehile - 3.4-4.1,
  • phahameng - 4.1-4.9,
  • phahameng haholo - kaholimo ho 4.9.

HDL:

  • moelelo ke 1.55 le holimo,
  • kotsi e tloaelehileng ke 1.0-1.3 ho banna, 1.3-1.5 bakeng sa basali,
  • kotsi e phahameng - e tlase ho 1,0 bakeng sa banna, 1,3 bakeng sa basali.

Mohopolo o hlakileng oa tloaelo ea k'holeseterole maling o fanoa ke litafole, tse bonts'ang boleng ba eona bo amohelehang ho banna le basali kamora lilemo tse 40-60.

Nako ea lilemo tse 40 ke moeli kamora moo ho nang le monyetla o moholo oa ho hlaha hoa maloetse a methapo le pelo a amanang le atherosclerosis.

K'holeseterole e tloaelehileng ho basali

Tafole e bonts'a tloaelo ea cholesterol ea mali ho basali ba lilemo tse fapaneng.

Lilemo tsa lilemo

Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole

LDL

HDL

Joalokaha ho ka bonoa tafoleng, ho basali kamora lilemo tse 50, boemo ba cholesterol e tloaelehileng le LDL maling bo eketseha haholo. Sena se bakoa ke ntlafatso ea lihormone (e tšoaroang ke lingaka tsa endocrinologists) tse etsahalang nakong ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli. Lits'ebetso tsa metabolism ka nako ena li ea fokotseha, 'me' mele o hloka matla a eketsehileng ho sebetsana le lipids.

K'holeseterole e tloaelehileng ho banna

Ka tlase ke tloaelo ea cholesterol ea mali ho banna, ho latela lilemo.

Lilemo tsa lilemo

Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole

LDL

HDL

Ho banna, menyetla ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la atherosclerosis le maemo a behang bophelo kotsing (stroke, lefu la pelo) qalong e phahame haholo. Lipelo tsa bona le methapo ea mali ha lia sireletsoa ke ketso ea lihormone tsa thobalano. Ntle le moo, baemeli ba bong bo matla le ho feta ba na le monyetla oa ho feta basali ho ba le mekhoa e mebe.

Haeba u sheba ka hloko matšoao a k'holeseterole tafoleng, u ka bona hore mokhoa oa eona o maling maling ho banna kamora lilemo tse 60 o fokotsehile. Sena se bakoa ke ho theoha butle-butle ha metabolism, tsamaiso ea mesebetsi eohle ea 'mele.

Lisosa tsa High, Low Cholesterol

Ho basali le banna kamora lilemo tse 40, cholesterol e ngata maling e ka hlaha ka lebaka la bofokoli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso ho lipid metabolism, empa hangata sesosa sa bothata ha se tsejoe. Lintho tse eketsang cholesterol ea mali li kenyeletsa:

  • le mafu a sebete,
  • ho tsuba
  • hlahala ea manyeme, tšoelesa ea senya
  • gout
  • ho se sebetse hantle ha renal ((lisosa le kalafo ea lefu la liphio ho basali li hlalositsoe mona),
  • endocrine pathology (tlhahiso e sa lekanang ea lihormone tsa kholo, lefu la tsoekere, hypothyroidism).

Ho basali, ho ima ho ka fetoha sesosa sa cholesterol e ngata ea mali ha e bapisoa le e tloaelehileng. Sena se lokela ho tsebahala ho ba rerileng ho ima ka mor'a lilemo tse 40.

Melao e theohileng ea lipid e bonoa le:

  • tlala, mokhathala,
  • ho chesa haholo
  • tšoaetso e matla (ngaka e phekola setsebi sa mafu a tšoaetsanoang),
  • sepsis
  • Ho ruruha ha lesapo la sebete (ho fumanoa le ho phekoloa ke oncologist),
  • mefuta e meng ea phokolo ea mali,
  • mafu a sa foleng a matšoafo (ho phekola lefu la bronchitis e sa feleng e baloang sengolong sena)
  • rheumatoid arthritis,
  • hyperthyroidism.

Lipids tse nyane tsa mali le tsona li hlaha ho ba ratang meroho kapa ba sebelisang lithethefatsi tse kang neomycin, thyroxine, ketoconazole, interferon, estrogens.

Lihlopha tsa Kotsi ea Cholesterol e phahameng

Ho pakiloe hore hypercholesterolemia hangata e hlaha ho batho ba:

  • ja mafura a liphoofolo tse ngata,
  • sisinyeha hanyane
  • ba nonneng haholo
  • ho sebelisa joala hampe
  • mosi
  • tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea meriana e meng (androgens, diuretics, glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, amiodarone, levodopa).

Bakeng sa banna kamora 40 le basali kamora lilemo tse 50, ho etsoa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea cholesterol ea mali (moelelo o bontšoa litafoleng tse kaholimo). Ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tse tsotelloang ha ho baloa kotsi e phethahetseng ea pelo le pelo.

Kotsi e phahameng haholo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e bolela hore lilemong tse tlang motho a ka ba le mathata a tebileng a bileng a bolaeang a pelo le methapo ea mali.

Hypercholesterolemia e kotsi haholo ho batho ba nang le bothata ba:

  • lefu la pelo le methapo (kalafo e etsoa le ho botsoa ke ngaka ea lefu la pelo),
  • atherosclerosis ea libaka tse tlase,
  • feta
  • batho ba tloaetse lefu la thrombosis,
  • lefu le sa foleng la meno
  • khatello ea mali
  • lefu le sa foleng la meno
  • khatello ea mali
  • lefu la tsoekere (le tšoaroang ke setsebi sa endocrinologist),
  • collagenoses (mohlala, ramatiki).

Maemo ana a hloka ho hlahlojoa khafetsa ha lipids le khalemelo ea lithethefatsi ka keketseho ea tsona.

Cholesterol ke eng mme hobaneng ho le bohlokoa ho boloka tloaelo ea eona 'meleng?

Cholesterol ke eng?

Cholesterol (kapa cholesterol) e bua ka li-alcohols tse mafura a polyhydric mme ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa sebopeho sa litho tsa kahare tsa sele. Ka mantsoe a mang, e fana ka matla ho li-membran tsa sele 'me haeba re etsa papiso ka ts'ebetso ea moaho, k'holeseterole e sebetsa joalo ka setsi se matlafatsang, ntle le seo ts'ebetso ea litene e ke keng ea se etsa.

Ntle le ntho ena, motsoako oa lihormone tsa thobalano, vithamine D, li-acid acid e ka se khonehe. Boholo ba k'holeseterole e na le lisele tsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali (23%) le sebete (17%), e liseleng tsa methapo le ka har'a metso ea kelello. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea cholesterol e entsoe ka har'a sebete (ho fihlela 80%). Ba bang kaofela - ba kena 'meleng ka lijo tsa tlhaho ea liphoofolo (botoro, mahe, nama, khala, jj.).

Ntle le cholesterol, ts'ebetso ea tšilo ea lijo ha e khonehe, kaha ho tsoa ho eona ho hlahisoa letsoai la bile ka har'a sebete, le ikarabellang bakeng sa ho phatloha ha mafura mala. Cholesterol e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea lihormone tsa thobalano (estrogen, testosterone, progesterone), e ikarabellang ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetso ea kemolo ea motho.

Haeba boemo ba ntho ena 'meleng bo fokotseha, tlase litekanyetso tse amohelehang, ho fokotsoa hoa boits'ireletso le ho hanela mafu le mafu. Cholesterol e nts'etsapele tlhahiso ea "cortisol ea" hormone "gds" mme e nka karolo sebopeho sa vithamine D. Ka bokhutšoanyane, cholesterol ke sehokelo sa bohlokoa ntle le ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea 'mele e ke keng ea etsahala.

Hobaneng ha k'holeseterole e ntse e phahama?

Hobaneng ha cholesterol e nyoloha

Mabaka a lebisang ho nts'etsopele ea pathology a mangata. Tse atileng haholo ke:

  • Ntho e Iqobang. Haeba beng ka motho ba haufi ba le lefu la ho holofala kapa lefu la pelo, menyetla ea ho ba le hypercholesterolemia maling e eketseha haholo.
  • Ho haelloa ke ts'ebetso ea makoloi, ho nona haholo, botenya.
  • Ho se sebetse hantle le phepo e sa leka-lekanang, e nang le lijo tse mafura le tse halikiloeng.
  • Khatello ea kelello e sa feleng, mekhoa e mebe. Haholo-holo ho tsuba (esita le ho etsa joalo) le tšebeliso e mpe ea joala.
  • Maloetse a Endocrine
  • Pherekano ea methapo.
  • Pathology ea sebete, liphio, manyeme.
  • Mekhoa ea tumor, neoplasms e mpe.
  • Ho nwa meriana e itseng.
  • Ntho ea lilemo (kotsi ea lefu lena e eketseha ka mor'a lilemo tse 50).

Sena ha se lenane le felletseng la lintlha tse ka eketsang cholesterol ea mali. Tlhahlobo e felletseng le tlhahlobo ea litsebi tse fapaneng (cardiologist, psychapist, gastroenterologist) e tla thusa ho tseba sesosa se nepahetseng sa boemo ba pathological. Mokuli ea nang le litlolo tsa tlolo ea molao, ho hlokahala hore a bonoe ke setsebi 'me a fane ka mali khafetsa bakeng sa tlhahlobo bakeng sa ho laola maemo a cholesterol.

Cholesterol e mpe “hape e ntle”

Ka boeona, motsoako ona oa lintho tse phelang ha o kotsi 'meleng, empa feela ha khatello ea lona maling e sa feta se tloaelehileng se amoheloang. Ho bohlokoa hore na k'holeseterole e hlahisoa ka tsela efe - e ntle kapa e mpe. Cholesterol e sebetsang ntle le litšitiso e tsamaea ka har'a likepe, e kenella ka har'a lisele le lisele. Sebopeho se seng - se senya marako a methapo, se lula kahare ka mokhoa oa li-cholesterol plaque mme se sitisa mekhoa ea potoloho ea mali, e eketsang kotsi ea ho otloa ke pelo kapa stroke.

K'holeseterole e nepahetseng kapa e "ntle" ke li-protein tse ngata tse nang le mafura a mangata (HDL lipoprotein). Ts'ebetsong ea bongaka, e bitsoa alpha - cholesterol.

K'holeseterole e kotsi e potoloha tsamaisong ea mali le likarolong tse kholo tsa letsoalo le tlaase (LDL lipoprotein). Ke motsoako ona oa lintho tse phelang o tloaetseng ho khaola methapo ea mali le ho hlophisoa hoa mabota maboteng a bona. Ho na le mofuta o mong oa cholesterol - tsena ke lipoprotein tse tlase haholo, li entsoe ka ho toba leboteng la mala mme li sebeletsa ho tsamaisa cholesterol ho sebete. Empa maling ke hore karoloana ena ha e hlahe, ka hona karolo ea eona ho ts'oenyehong ea metabolism ea lipid ha e ea fokola.

Kakaretso ea "cholesterol" e mpe le e "ntle" e mpa e etsa letšoao le akaretsang, le ikemiselitsoeng ke tlhahlobo ea mali a biochemical. Haeba khatello ea cholesterol e phahame, ho entsoe lipatlisiso tse tebileng tsa profid ea mali ea mali, e o lumellang ho tseba boemo ba mefuta e fapaneng ea cholesterol ka thoko.

Tekanyo e phahameng ea k'holeseterole e maling e eketsa haholo menyetla ea lefu la pelo, lefu la pelo le mathata a mang a kotsi a amanang le lefu la pelo, a ka lebisang lefung. Tekanyo e tloaelehileng le e sireletsehileng ea k'holeseterole maling a motho e moholo e nkoa e le sesupo sa ho se fete 5.2 mmol / l.

Empa haufinyane tjena, litsebi li khetholla tloaelo ea cholesterol maling maling ka lilemo le bong. Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore litaba tsa motsoako ona oa lintho tse phelang li susumetsoa ke morabe oa motho, ka mohlala, hara baahi ba India kapa Pakistan, tloaelo ena ea k'holeseterole e phahame haholo ho feta lilemo tse tloaelehileng ho feta tsa Europe.

K'holeseterole e tloaelehileng ke eng ka lilemo? Pontšo ea pono e fanoa ke litafole tse ikhethang tse bonts'a boleng bo amohelehang ba cholesterol.

Lethathamo la maemo a k'holeseterole ea mali ka lilemo

Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea cholesterol e felletseng e nkuoa e le sesupo se ka tlase ho 5.2 mmol / L. Boemo bo loketseng bo lumellana le "plug" ho tloha 5.2 ho isa ho 6.2 mmol / l. Empa pontšo e fetang 6.2 mmol / l e se e nkuoa e phahame, 'me e hloka kalafo ea kalafo.

Tloaelo ea cholesterol ho basali ka lilemo

Sekhahla sa k'holeseterole ho basali

MongoahaMeeli e tloaelehileng (mmol / L)
Mongoaha Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole

2.90-5.18 Lilemo tse 5-102.26 – 5.301.76 – 3.630.93 – 1.89 Lilemo tse 10-153.21-5.201.76 – 3.520.96 – 1.81 Lilemo tse 15-203.08 – 5.181.53 – 3.550.91 – 1.91 Lilemo tse 20-253.16 – 5.591.48 – 4.120.85 – 2.04 Lilemo tse 25-303.32 – 5.751.84 – 4.250.96 – 2.15 Lilemo tse 30-353.37 – 5.961.81 – 4.040.93 – 1.99 Lilemo tse 35403.63 – 6.271.94 – 4.450.88 – 2.12 Lilemo tse 40-453.81 – 6.531.92 – 4.510.88 – 2.28 Lilemo tse 45-503.94 – 6.862.05 – 4.820.88 – 2.25 Lilemo tse 50-554.20 – 7.382.28 – 5.210.96 – 2.38 Lilemo tse 55-604.45 – 7.772.31 – 5.440.96 – 2.35 Lilemo tse 60-654.45 – 7.692.59 – 5.800.98 – 2.38 Lilemo tse 65-704.43 – 7.852.38 – 5.720.91 – 2.48 > Lilemo tse 704.48 – 7.252.49 – 5.340.85 – 2.38

Ho basali, ho eketseha ha cholesterol le lilemo ho khethoa haholo ke liphetoho tsa lihormone 'meleng tse amanang le ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli. Ntle le moo, phetoho ea matšoao e atisa ho bonoa nakong ea kemaro kapa e ka amahanngoa le mabaka a fapaneng, ho etsa mohlala, le mafu a kopaneng.

Ha a le monyane, lits'ebetso tsa metabolic 'meleng oa mosali li etsahala ka potlako haholo,' me lijo (esita le linokoe ebile li boima) li kenoa ka potlako. Ka hona, boemo ba cholesterol, leha e se bophelo bo phetseng hantle, bo lula bo le maemong a tloaelehileng. Le ha ho le joalo, cholesterol e ka eketseha haholo esita le bongoaneng ha ho e-na le mafu a kopaneng a kang lefu la tsoekere, lefu la ho fokola kapa ho se sebetse hantle ha sebete.

Baemeli ba thobalano e fokolang, ha ba se ba qetile lilemo tse 30, maemo a cholesterol maling a eketseha butle-butle. Maemong ana, menyetla ea ho ba le hypercholesterolemia e eketseha haeba mosali a tsuba kapa a nka lithibela-pelehi tsa lihormone. Lekhetlong lena, o se o hloka ho beha leihlo phepo e nepahetseng, hobane ts'ebetso ea metabolic e ntse e fokotseha, 'me ho se ho le thata hore' mele o sebetse le ho monya lijo tse nang le mafura le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata.

Ha a le lilemo li 40-45, tlhahiso ea li-hormone tsa botona tsa botšehali - estrogens ea fokotseha mme ts'ebetso ea ho ikatisa butle-butle ea fela. Ha ho qala ho ilela khoeli, maemo a estrogen a fokotseha haholo, 'me sena se lebisa ho tlole ho cholesterol le kholo ea mali a eona. Hona ke litšobotsi tsa 'mele oa mosali, tse amanang haholo le semelo sa lihormone.

Ha u le lilemo li 50, u lokela ho ela hloko bophelo bo botle, lijo le tsela eo u phelang ka eona. Ho molemo ho ea lijong tsa cholesterol tse tlase le ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea mafura, nama le lihlahisoa tsa lebese, mahe, liswiti, mafura a liphoofolo. Sehlopha se ikhethileng selemong sena ke basali ba tsubang, ba nonneng haholo ebile ba phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše.

K'holeseterole ea mali ka lilemo tsa banna - tafoleng

Foto: Tloaelo ea k'holeseterole ka lilemo tsa banna

Mongoaha Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole LDL k'holeseterole HDL k'holeseterole
2.95-5.25
Lilemo tse 5-103.13 – 5.251.63 – 3.340.98 – 1.94
Lilemo tse 10-153.08-5.231.66 – 3.340.96 – 1.91
Lilemo tse 15-202.91 – 5.101.61 – 3.370.78 – 1.63
Lilemo tse 20-253.16 – 5.591.71 – 3.810.78 – 1.63
Lilemo tse 25-303.44 – 6.321.81 – 4.270.80 – 1.63
Lilemo tse 30-353.57 – 6.582.02 – 4.790.72 – 1.63
Lilemo tse 35403.63 – 6.991.94 – 4.450.88 – 2.12
Lilemo tse 40-453.91 – 6.942.25 – 4.820.70 – 1.73
Lilemo tse 45-504.09 – 7.152.51 – 5.230.78 – 1.66
Lilemo tse 50-554.09 – 7.172.31 – 5.100.72 – 1.63
Lilemo tse 55-604.04 – 7.152.28 – 5.260.72 – 1.84
Lilemo tse 60-654.12 – 7.152.15 – 5.440.78 – 1.91
Lilemo tse 65-704.09 – 7.102.49 – 5.340.78 – 1.94
> Lilemo tse 703.73 – 6.862.49 – 5.340.85 – 1.94

Banna ba hloka ho ela hloko ka ho khetheha boemo ba cholesterol maling, hobane, ho fapana le basali, lipelo tsa bona le methapo ea mali ha li sireletsoe ke lihormone tsa thobalano. Ntle le moo, litho tse ngata tsa thobalano e matla li tloaetse mekhoa e mebe:

  • mosi
  • ho sebelisa joala hampe
  • ho nona
  • khetha lijo tse nang le khalori e phahameng le mafura a mangata

Ka hona, menyetla ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la atherosmithosis le maemo a behang bophelo kotsing (stroke, ho nyekeloa ke pelo) ho banna e phahame haholo.

Leha ho le joalo, matla a ts'ebetso ea methapo ho baemeli ba bong bo fapaneng a fapane. Haeba basali ba na le keketseho ea cholesterol le lilemo, joale ho banna pontšo ena e nyoloha ho fihlela lilemo tse 50, ebe e qala ho fokotseha. Leha ho le joalo, halofo e matla ea motho, matšoao a boloi a atisang ho bonahala a hlahella:

  • litlhaselo tsa angina tse amanang le ho fokotsa methapo ea methapo ea mokokotlo,
  • ho hlaha hoa masapo a letlalo ka mafura a mafura,
  • ho hema hanyane ka ho ikoetlisa hanyane ka hanyane,
  • ho nyekeloa ke pelo
  • bohloko ba leoto
  • lichapo tse bobebe.

Bophelong, mokhoa feela oa bophelo bo mafolofolo, phepo e nepahetseng, ho lahla mekhoa e mebe ho tla thusa banna ho boloka cholesterol e maemong a nepahetseng.

Haeba u na le cholesterol e phahameng, joale re khothaletsa sethethefatsi se sebetsang haholo. Fumana theko ea Aterol ho webosaeteng ea semmuso.

Teko ea mali: e ka feta joang le ho pepeseha?

Teko ea mali bakeng sa cholesterol. U ka hlakoloa joang ka nepo?

Mali a tšeloa k'holeseterole ka mpeng e se nang letho, hangata hoseng. Maemong ana, lijo tsa ho qetela ha lia lokela ho ba ka pele ho lihora tse 8 ho isa ho tse 10 pele ho sampole ea mali. Bosiung ba ts'ebetso, ho bohlokoa ho kenyeletsa tšebeliso ea joala le meriana, ho qoba khatello ea maikutlo le maikutlo. Pele u fana ka mali, ho hlokahala hore u theole moea 'me u leke ho se tšoenyehe, hobane ho tšoenyeha ho feteletseng kapa ho tšaba ts'ebetso ho ka ama sephetho sa ho qetela.

Liphetho tsa thuto li tla bonts'a mofani oa hau oa tsa bophelo bo botle hore na "cholesterol" e ntle le e mpe e maling e kae. Haeba boemo ba lipoprotein bo kotsi bo tlase-density lipoprotein (LDL) bo phahame ho 4 mmol / l, hona ho se ho nkoa e le sesosa sa kotsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea methapo ea pelo. 'Me u lokela ho qala kalafo le ho fetola mokhoa oa bophelo le phepo e nepahetseng.

Haeba boemo ba cholesterol e nang le molemo (HDL) bo fihla ho 5 mmol / L - sena se bontša hore e hatella lipoprotein tse tlase, e li hula marakong a methapo ea mali ebe ka tsela eo e sireletsa mesifa ea pelo. Haeba boemo ba hae bo theoha ka tlase ho 2 mmol / l - menyetla ea liphetoho tsa methapo ea methapo e eketseha.

Mokhoa oa ho theola cholesterol ea mali - mokhoa oa ho ja le phepo e nepahetseng

Lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho thibelo ea hypercholesterolemia le nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis. Ka k'holeseterole e phahameng, ho bohlokoa haholo ho kenyelletsa lijo tse nang le mafura a liphoofolo, cholesterol le lik'habohaedreite tse bonolo tse tsoang lijong. Lijo tse joalo li tla tlameha ho latela bophelo bohle ba hae. Ka matšoao a feteletseng, phepo e nepahetseng e tla thusa ho theola cholesterol le ho e boloka e tloaelehile.

Lihlahisoa tse phahamisang cholesterol:

  • nama e mafura, nama e tsubiloeng, soseji, likhahla, offal,
  • mahe a likhoho
  • botoro, margarine,
  • mafura a mafura, mayonesi,
  • Lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse nang le mafura a mangata (tranelate, chisi, chisi ea chisi, tranelate e bolila),
  • Lijo tse potlakileng, lijo tse halikiloeng, lijo tse bonolo,
  • phofo, confectionery,
  • liswiti, chokolete,
  • kofi, lino tse tahang,
  • joala

Ka cholesterol e eketsehileng maling, o lokela ho tlohela tšebeliso ea lino tse tahang, haholo-holo biri le veine. Ka biri wort e na le "cholesterol" e mpe ", 'me veine tse monate le tse monate li na le linate tse ngata tse nang le tsoekere e ngata, e leng kotsi ho methapo ea mali ea bonyane cholesterol. Haeba bophelo bo hlasimolohileng bo tlatselletsoa ke ho tsubella ho tlohela ho tsuba le ho ikoetlisa, sena se tla ba le phello e ntle ho cholesterol le boemo ba methapo.

Haeba ho le thata ho bakuli ba tsofetseng ho bapala lipapali, u hloka feela ho sisinyeha ho feta (ho tsamaea, ho nyolohela mokatong oa hao litepising). Mehato ena, e kopantsoe le phepo e nepahetseng, e tla thusa ho folisa 'mele.

Ke lijo life tse thusang? Lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi le letsatsi li lokela ho kenyelletsa:

  • Meroho le litholoana tse ncha
  • salate ea meroho ka oli ea meroho,
  • nama e se nang mafura ea lijo
  • sopho ea meroho
  • linaoa
  • lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse nang le mafura a tlase,
  • lierekisi (sea-buckwheat, oat, nyalothe, raese),
  • metsi a liminerale, lino tse sa lomeloang tsa litholoana, lino tse ncha.

Bohobe bo molemo ho ja lijo-thollo tse halikiloeng ka korong kapa ka mohloa. Empa litlhapi tse mafura, tse nang le li-acid tse phetseng hantle tsa omega-3, ha li khonehe feela ho jeoa, empa hape lia hlokahala. Sena se tla kenya letsoho ho hlahiseng k'holeseterole e nang le molemo le ho fokotseha ha palo ea lipids tse tlase.

Phekolo ea lithethefatsi

Haeba tloaelo ea k'holeseterole ka lilemo maling e feta haholo, ho ja ho le leng ho ke ke. Tabeng ena, ngaka e tla fana ka litlhare, ho nahanela ho teba ha boemo, lilemo tsa mokuli le ho ba teng ha mafu a tšoanang.

Statins e sebelisoa haholo ho phekola bakuli ba nang le cholesterol e phahameng. Lithethefatsi tse ngata sehlopheng sena li khona ho tsosa maikutlo a mabe ebile li na le lenane le pharaletseng la litlolo.

Ka hona, lingaka li leka ho fana ka li-statins tsa moloko oa ho qetela, oa bone, tse mamelloang hamolemo le ho sebelisoa ka katleho esita le ho bakuli ba tsofetseng ba nang le mafu a kopaneng. Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea li-statins o thehiloe ho thibelo ea li-enzyme tse ikhethang tse amehang ho hlahisoeng k'holeseterole e "mpe". Ka nako e ts'oanang, lithethefatsi li kenya letsoho ho hlahiseng k'holeseterole e nang le molemo le ho khutlisetsa le ho hloekisa likepe tse senyehileng.

Sehlopha se seng sa meriana ke fibrin. Ketso ea bona e etselitsoe ho fokotsa boemo ba cholesterol e mpe ka lebaka la oxidation ea mafura a ka har'a sebete. Lithethefatsi tsena li sebetsa ka ho khetheha hammoho le li-statins. Bakuli bao tšebeliso ea meriana e joalo e bakang karohano e sa sebetseng ba fuoa litlatsetso tsa ho ja tse thehiloeng metsong ea litlama, lithethefatsi tse nang le nicotinic acid, le meetso ea vithamine. Ntle le moo, bakuli ba eletsoa hore ba nke oli ea lihlapi, e nang le mafura a nang le mafura a polyunsaturated a thusang ho thibela cholesterol e tlase haholo.

Bala litlhahlobo mabapi le joala ea joala. Ena ke tsela e sebetsang haholo ea ho khutlisa cholesterol ho tloaelehileng.

Leave Ba Fane Ka Tlhaloso Ea Hao