Latren Pentoxifylline

Latren ke lithethefatsi tse ntlafatsang mali le litlatsetso tsa mali. Ntho e sebetsang ea tokiso ea Latren ke pentoxifylline, e bolelang li-vasodilators tsa sehlopha sa purine. Latren e tlosa mesifa ea mesifa e boreleli ea methapo ea mali, bronchi le litho tse ling tsa kahare. Moriba o thibela phosphodiesterase, o ntlafatsa maemo a rheological a mali le microcirculation, o thusa ho eketsa litaba tsa cyclic 3,5-AMP liseleng tsa mesifa tse boreleli le liplatelete. Ha o sebelisa Latren, ho na le keketseho ea litaba tsa ATP liseleng tse khubelu tsa mali le keketseho ea matla a matla a lisele. Latren e thusa ho khatholla mokelikeli o boreleli oa methapo ea mali, e fokotsa khatello e akaretsang ea methapo ea mali (ntle le phetoho e kholo ea sekhahla sa pelo), hammoho le ho eketsa sekhahla sa mali le motsotso oa systolic.

Latren e na le phello ea antianginal, e fumanoang ka ho phomotsa mesifa e boreleli ea methapo ea methapo ea kutlo.
Setlhare se ntlafatsa mali a oksijene ea mali, se holisa methapo ea matšoafo, se ts'oarisa mesifa ea ho phefumoloha (diaphragm le mesifa ea matsoele), se ntlafatsa phallo ea mali le ho potoloha le ho nyolla molumo oa mali a phallang liseleng le liseleng.
Latren e na le phello e molemo mosebetsing oa bioelectric oa system ea methapo e bohareng mme e thusa ho eketsa litaba tsa ATP liseleng tsa boko.
Ha a sebetsa ka thepa ea membrane ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, Latren e eketsa ho phahamisa. E etsa hore ho se lumellane ka liplatelete mme ho fokotsa phallo ea mali.

Ka lebaka la ho hasana ho potoloha ha mali, ho thijana ha mali libakeng tsa ischemic hoa ntlafala.
Ka claudication e kenang nakoana (lesapo la mokokotlo oa methapo ea methapo), pentoxifylline e lelefatsa sebaka sa ho tsamaea, e tlosa mesifa ea bosiu ea mesifa ea namane mme e thibela ponahalo ea bohloko ha o phomola.
Setlhare se na le metabolite hoo e ka bang ka botlalo, 'me se hlahisa metsoako e mehlano ea metsoako, ho kenyeletsa le tse sebetsang. Pentoxifylline e hloekisoa haholo ke liphio ka mokhoa oa metabolites. Bophelo ba halofo ea pentoxifylline le metabolites ea eona e ka ba lihora tse 0.5-1,5. Ho ba teng ha mokokotlo oa renal kapa hepatic function ho ka lebisa ho eketseha ha halofo ea bophelo.

Matšoao a ho sebelisoa

Lithethefatsi Latren e reretsoe bakeng sa ho potoloha ha mali ho potoloha ha mali, lefu la tsoekere, ho kenella ka nakoana, lefu le lefu la Raynaud, ho sitisa endarteritis.
Lithethefatsi Latren e boetse e sebelisoa bakeng sa tlolo ea lithane tsa trophic.
Setlhare se ka laeloa kalafong e rarahaneng ea bakuli ba nang le methapo ea varicose, lefu la post-thrombotic, gangrene, frostbite le trophic ulcers.

Latren e reretsoe bakuli ba nang le kotsi ea mokokotlo, ho otloa ke ischemic stroke, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, hammoho le lefu la masapo a mokokotlo, le tsamaeang le hlooho ea hlooho, ho tsekela, ho robala le mathata a ho hopola.
Ntle le moo, Latren e sebelisoa kalafong ea mathata a potoloha ka har'a choroid le retina, hammoho le liphetoho tse fokolisang methapo ea kutlo e tsamaeang butle e bakoang ke methapo ea methapo ea tsebe.

Mokhoa oa kopo

Lithethefatsi Latren e etselitsoe ho intravenous tsamaiso. Pilisi e beoa ke ngaka ka bo eona 'me e baloa ho latela boima ba' mele oa mokuli, ho teba ha mathata a potoloha, mafu a kopaneng le ho mamella kalafo.

Bakeng sa batho ba baholo le bana ba fetang lilemo tse 12, ho khothalletsoa mekhoa e latelang ea kopo bakeng sa tsamaiso ea methapo:
Likahare tsa vial 200 ml (100 mg ea pentoxifylline) li tsamaisoa ka mokhoa o thellang ka metsotso e 90-180.
Ka mamello e ntle, ho ka etsahala ho eketsa tekanyetso ka tsamaiso ea jet intravenous ho 200-300 mg (e lumellanang le 400-500 ml ea tharollo).
Nako e tloaelehileng ea nako ea kalafo, joalo ka ha e le molao, ke matsatsi a 5-7 mme ho latela matla a lefu lena. Nakong e tlang, mokuli a ka fetisetsoa ka pomoxifylline ea molomo.
Sekhahla se phahameng sa letsatsi ke 300 mg.

E lumelloa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi bakeng sa kalafo ea bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 le ba sa tsoa tsoaloa. Maemong a joalo, tekanyo e baloa ho latela boima ba 'mele. Bakeng sa bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12, joalo ka molao, Latren e beoa tekanyetso e le 'ngoe ea 5 mg (10 ml Latren tharollo) ka 1 kg ea boima ba' mele.

Litlamorao

Ha u sebelisa Latren ho bakuli, nts'etsopele ea litlamorao tse joalo tse sa rateheng ka lebaka la pentoxifylline e ka etsahala:
Ho tloha tsamaisong ea methapo: likotsi tsa ho robala, ho opeloa ke hlooho, ho tsekela, ho tšoenyeha ho sa hlokahaleng, makhopho. Maemong a ikhethileng, tsoelo-pele ea meningitis ea aseptic e ile ea bonoa.
Karolong ea hematopoietic system, methapo ea pelo le methapo ea mali: hyperemia ea letlalo la sefahleho le 'mele o holimo, edema, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, tachycardia, Cardialgia, arterial hypotension, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia.

Ho tsoa ho tsamaiso ea hepatobiliary le tšilo ea lijo: tšubuhlellano ea ka mpeng, ho nyekeloa, ho hlatsa, ho ipolaisa tlala, hepatitis ea cholestatic, ho ata ha cholecystitis, ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea li-enzyme tsa sebete.
Ba bang: hematomas, ho tsoa mali ka hare, ho fokotseha hoa mahlo a bonono, ho phaellana ha marang-rang.
Litlhaselo tsohle: hyperemia ea letlalo, ho hlohlona, ​​urticaria, ho thothomela ha anaphylactic, angioedema.

Contraindication

Latren ha e fuoe bakuli ba nang le hypersensitivity e tsejoang ho efe kapa efe ea likarolo tsa lithethefatsi, hammoho le tse tsoang ho xanthine.
Latren ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea bakuli ba nang le infarction e matla ea myocardial, porphyria, hemorrhage, hemorrhagic stroke, mefuta e matla ea lefu la mokokotlo kapa coronary atherossteosis.
Latren ha e sebelisoe ho phekola bakuli ba nang le arrhasmia, hyperension ea methapo e sa laoleheng, ho ruruha kapa ho fokola ha hepatic, hammoho le bakuli ba nang le ho tsoa mali haholo.

Tlhokomeliso e lokela ho bonoa ha ho laeloa Latren ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, seso sa peptic sa mpeng kapa duodenum, hammoho le bakuli ba tsofetseng.
Tlhokomeliso e lokela ho bonoa ha ho laela Latren ho bakuli ba sebetsanang le ts'ebetso ea bongaka (ho hlokahala hore ho shejoe hemoglobin le hematocrit kamehla).

Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi

Ho tsuba ho fokotsa katleho ea kalafo ea pentoxifylline.
Lithethefatsi Latren le ts'ebeliso e kopaneng li ka ntlafatsa phello ea li-anticoagulants tse tobileng le tse sa tobang le li-thrombolytic agents. Ts'ebeliso e kopaneng ea lithethefatsi tsena e lumelloa feela ka ho lekola kamehla mokhoa oa ho kopanya mali.
Latren ka ts'ebeliso e ts'oanang e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lithibela-mafu tsa cephalosporin.
Pentoxifylline, ha e sebelisoa hammoho, e ntlafatsa litlamorao tsa valproic acid, lithethefatsi tse felisang kalafo, li-agents tsa hypoglycemic le insulin.

Ho bokelloa ha pentoxifylline maling a mali ho eketseha ka tšebeliso e kopaneng ea cimetidine.
Ts'ebeliso e kopaneng ea lithethefatsi Latren le lithethefatsi tse ling tsa xanthine li ka lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea overexcitation ea methapo.

Bongata

Ha o sebelisa tekanyetso e feteletseng ea pentoxifylline ho bakuli, ho tsekela, ho fokola, ho akheha, khatello ea maikutlo, ho otsela, kapa boroko bo ka hlaha. Ntle le moo, ka keketseho e 'ngoe ea tekanyetso ea Latren, bakuli ba hlokometse kholo ea tachycardia, hyperthermia, ho felloa ke kelello, areflexia, ho tsoa mali le ho tsubana.

Ha ho na litlhare tse tobileng. Haeba ho na le lithethefatsi tse ngata, fana ka kalafo e etselitsoeng ho felisa matšoao a ho tahoa le pentoxifylline.
Phekolo ea overdose e lokela ho etsoa sepetlele tlasa tlhokomelo ea basebetsi ba bongaka kamehla.

Foromo ea litekanyetso

Tharollo ea infusion 0.5 mg / ml

1 ml ea lithethefatsi e na le

ntho e sebetsang - pentoxifylline 0.5 mg,

e thusangntho: sodium chloride, chloride ea potasiamo, calcium chloride, sodium lactate, metsi a ente.

'Mala o se nang' mala kapa o bosehla bo bosehla.

Melemo ea pharmacological

Mofumahali

Motsoako o ka sehloohong oa metabolacologic metabolite 1- (5-hydroxyhexyl) -3,7-dimethylxanthine (metabolite I) e ikemiselitsoe ho plasma ka har'a khatello e fetang makhetlo a 2 ea mahlaseli a ntho e sa fetoheng mme e boemong ba ho leka-lekana ha biochemical equilibrium le eona. Tabeng ena, pentoxifylline le metabolite ea eona li lokela ho nkoa e le karolo e sebetsang. Bophelo ba halofo ea pentoxifylline ke lihora tse 1,6.

Pentoxifylline e na le metabolism e felletseng; ho feta 90% e epolloa ke liphio ka mokhoa oa li-metabolites tsa polar tse sa kenngoeng. Ka tlase ho 4% ea lethal dose e laetsoeng e hloekisoa mantle. Bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho ruruha ha renal, tlhahiso ea metabolites e liehisoa. Bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho se sebetse hantle ha sebete, ho ile ha hlokomeleha keketseho ea halofo ea bophelo ba pentoxifylline.

Mofumahali

Pentoxifylline ke mofuta oa methylxanthine. Mochine oa ts'ebetso oa pentoxifylline o amahanngoa le thibelo ea phosphodiesterase le ho bokellana ha 3,5-AMP liseleng tsa mesifa tse boreleli, lisele tsa mali, hammoho le liseleng le litho tse ling. Pentoxifylline e thibela ho kopana ha liplatelete le lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, e etsa hore li fetohe habonolo, e fokotse khatello ea methapo ea methapo maling le ho ntlafatsa li-fibrinolysis, tse fokolisang pono ea mali le ho ntlafatsa likarolo tsa eona tsa rheological. Ntle le moo, pentoxifylline e na le phello e fokolang ea myotropic vasodilator, e fokotsa butle-butle khatello ea methapo ea methapo 'me e na le phello e ntle earopropic. Ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea pentoxifylline, phallo ea li-microcirculation le oksijene ho li-tishu lia ntlafala, boholo ba tsona le matsoho, tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, le ho leka-lekana liphihlelong. Setlhare se hlapolla likepe tsa coronary hanyane.

Sokolla foromo le sebopeho

Setlhare se fumaneha ka mefuta e latelang ea litekanyetso.

• Tharollo bakeng sa tsamaiso ea methapo le methapo: metsi a hlakileng, a batlang a se na 'mala kapa a' mala (2 ml kapa 4 ml ka ampoules, ka sephuthelong sa sele ea PVC (polyvinyl chloride) filimi ea 1, 2 kapa 5 ampoules, 1 sephutheloana se le seng ka lebokoseng la karete ea karete).
• Matlapa a koahetsoeng: khetla e mosehla (likotoana tse 10 e ngoe le e 'ngoe e nang le lithutsoana, pakete e le' ngoe ka lebokoseng la karete).

Ho 1 ml ea tharollo e na le:

• Motsoako o sebetsang: ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (ho latela ondansetron) - 2 mg,
• Lintho tse thusang: hydrochloric acid, chloride ea sodium, metsi a ente.

Letlapa le 1 le koahetsoeng le na:

• Motsoako o sebetsang: ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (ho latela ondansetron) - 4 mg,
• Lintho tse thusang: Aerosil (colloidal silicon dioxide), cellulose ea microcrystalline, magnesium stearate, starch ea litapole,
• Shell: hydroxypropyl cellulose (hyprolose), tropeolin O, polysorbate (pakeng tsa 80), oli ea castor.

Boimana

Ha ho na tsebo e lekaneng le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ho basali baimana.
Ka hona khetha Latren nakong ea kemolo ha e khothalletsoe.
Pentoxifylline ka likhahla tse nyane e fetela lebeseng la matsoele. Haeba ho fanoa ka kalafo le Latren, ho anyesa ho tlameha ho emisoa.

Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi tse ling

Latren e ka ntlafatsa phello ea lithethefatsi tse amang mokhoa oa ho kopanya mali (li-anticoagulants tse sa tobang le tse tobileng, thrombolytics). E ntlafatsa phello ea lithibela-mafu tsa cephalosporins (cefamandol, cefoperazone, cefotetan) ka ho ntlafatsa ho kenella ha lithibela-mafu ka har'a lithane ka ho eketsa phallo ea mali ea methapo. E ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea valproic acid. E eketsa katleho ea lithethefatsi tsa antihypertensive, li-insulin le lithethefatsi tsa molomo. Cimetidine e eketsa khatello ea mali ea Latren ho plasma ea mali, e bakang kotsi e eketsehileng ea litlamorao.
Ts'ebeliso e kopaneng ea moriana o nang le tse ling tsa xanthine e ka lebisa ho overexcation ea methapo.

Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi

Matla a ho theola tsoekere ea mali ka tlhaho ho li-insulin kapa li-antidiabetes tsa molomo a ka ntlafatsoa. Ka hona, bakuli ba fumanang meriana ea lefu la tsoekere ba lokela ho betoa leihlo.

Nakong ea papatso ea morao-rao, linyeoe tsa ts'ebetso ea anticoagulant e ile ea tlalehoa ho bakuli ba ileng ba phekoloa ka nako e le ngoe le pentoxifylline le anti-vithamine K. Ha tekanyetso ea pentoxifylline e laetsoe kapa e fetotsoe, ho khothalletsoa ho hlokomela ts'ebetso ea anticoagulant sehlopheng sena sa bakuli. Pentoxifylline e ka ntlafatsa phello ea hypotensive ea lithethefatsi tse antihypertensive le lithethefatsi tse ling tse ka bakang ho fokotseha ha khatello ea mali. Tšebeliso e tšoanang ea pentoxifylline le theophylline ho bakuli ba bang e ka lebisa ho eketseha ha litekanyetso tsa theophylline maling. Ka hona, ho khonahala ho eketsa khafetsa le ho eketsa lipontšo tsa liphetoho tse fapaneng tsa theophylline.

Ho se lumellane.Setlhare ha sea lokela ho kopanngoa le lithethefatsi tse ling ka sejaneng se le seng.

Litaelo tse khethehileng

Ka matšoao a pele a karabelo ea anaphylactic / anaphylactoid, moriana o lokela ho emisoa hanghang mme o bone ngaka. Tabeng ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, bakuli ba nang le lefu la pelo le sa foleng ba lokela ho fihla pele molemong oa puseletso ea mali.

Ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le ba fumanang kalafo ka lipilisi tsa insulin kapa tsa molomo, ha ba sebelisa litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa lithethefatsi, ho ka etsahala ho eketsa litlamorao tsa lithethefatsi tsena tsoekere ea mali (bona karolo ea "Drug Interaction"). Maemong ana, tekanyo ea li-insulin kapa li-antidiabetesic agents e lokela ho fokotsoa, ​​'me mokuli o lokela ho tsotelloa ka hloko. Bakuli ba nang le systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) kapa ba nang le mafu a mang a tishu a kenang ba ka fuoa pentoxifylline feela kamora tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ea likotsi le melemo. Kaha ho na le kotsi ea ho ba le phallo ea mali ea "aplasic" nakong ea kalafo ka pentoxifylline, ho hlokahala tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea palo ea mali ka kakaretso.

Ho bakuli ba nang le ho se sebetse hantle ke lefu la mokokotlo (phelloxifylline excretion) le eona e kanna ea lieha. Ho beha leihlo ka nepo hoa hlokahala.

Ho shebisisa ka kotloloho ho hlokahala bakeng sa:

- bakuli ba nang le pelo e ngata ea methapo,

- bakuli ba nang le myocardial infarction,

- bakuli ba nang le khatello ea kelello ea methapo,

- bakuli ba nang le atherosclerosis e matla ea mokokotlo le methapo ea mokokotlo, haholo-holo e nang le khatello ea methapo ea methapo le methapo ea pelo. Ho bakuli bana, ha u sebelisa lithethefatsi, ho ka etsahala hore litlhaselo tsa angina pectoris, arrhythmias le arterial hypertension,

- bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho phekoloa ke lefu la masapo (imvume ea tumello ea pōpelo ka tlase ho 30 ml / min),

- bakuli ba nang le bothata bo matla ba sebete,

- bakuli ba nang le ts'oaetso e phahameng ea ho tsoa mali, e bakiloeng, ka mohlala, ka kalafo ka li-anticoagulants kapa mathata a amanang le mali. Mabapi le ho tsoa mali - bona karolo ea "Contraindication",

- bakuli bao ho fokotseha ha khatello ea mali ho nang le kotsi e kholo (mohlala, bakuli ba nang le lefu la pelo le matla haholo kapa "stenosis ea vascular" e fanang ka mali bokong).

- bakuli ba fumanang kalafo ka nako e tšoanang ka pentoxifylline le antivitamine K (bona karolo ea "Drug Interaction"),

- bakuli ba fumanang kalafo ka nako e le 'ngoe le li-pentoxifylline le antidiabetesic agents (sheba karolo ea "Drug Interaction").

Sebelisa nakong ea bokhachane kapa ka ho lactation. Nakong ea bokhachane le pelehi, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e patiloe.

Bana. Ha ho na boiphihlelo ka tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ho bana.

Lintlha tsa phello ea lithethefatsi ho bokhoni ba ho khanna koloi kapa mekhoa e meng e ka bang kotsi

Kaha moriana o sebelisoa sepetlele, ha ho na datha mabapi le litlamorao tse joalo.