Sistimi ea Endocrine

Karolo e ikhethileng har'a litsamaiso tsa 'mele oa motho ke tsamaiso ea endocrine. Sistimi ea endocrine e etsa mesebetsi ea eona ka lihormone tse hlahisoang ke eona, e kenang litho tsohle le lisele tsohle tsa 'mele, e kenella ka kotlolloho ka har'a ntho e kenang liseleng, kapa e hasantsoeng ka tsamaiso ea likokoana-hloko ka mali. Lisele tse ling tsa endocrine li bokellane hammoho 'me li theha litšoelesa tsa endocrine - lisebelisoa tsa glandular. Empa ntle le sena, ho na le lisele tsa endocrine hoo e batlang e le liseleng tsohle tsa 'mele. Sehlopha sa lisele tsa endocrine tse hasantsoeng hohle ho theha 'mele li etsa karolo e itseng ea sistimi ea endocrine.

Mesebetsi ea tsamaiso ea endocrine le bohlokoa ba eona bakeng sa 'mele

e hokahanya mosebetsi oa litho tsohle le litsamaiso tsa 'mele,

e nka karolo liphihlelong tsa lik'hemik'hale tse etsahalang 'meleng,

e ikarabellang bakeng sa botsitso ba lits'ebetso tsohle tsa bohlokoa tikolohong e fetolang tikoloho,

mmoho le tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le ea methapo e laola kholo ea motho, kholo ea' mele,

e nka karolo taolong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ho tsoala ea motho le phapang ea eona ea thobalano,

Ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa matla' meleng,

e nka karolo ho theheng maikutlo a motho le boikutlong ba hae ba kelello.

Sebopeho sa tsamaiso ea endocrine le mafu a amanang le tlolo ea ts'ebetso ea likarolo tsa eona

I. Lithollo tsa Endocrine

Litšoelesa tsa endocrine (li-gland tsa endocrine), tseo ka hammoho li etsang karolo ea glandular ea tsamaiso ea endocrine, li hlahisa li-hormone - lik'hemik'hale tse ikhethileng.

Tšoelesa ea endocrine e kenyelletsa:

Tšoelesa ea qoqotho. Ke tšoelesa e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea secretion ea kahare. E hlahisa lihormone - thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin. Lihormone tsa qoqotho li kenya letsoho taolong ea methapo ea kholo, kholo, phapang ea lithaelese, li eketsa tekanyo ea metabolic, boemo ba tšebeliso ea oksijene ka litho le lisele.

Mathata a tsamaiso ea endocrine e amanang le ho se sebetse hantle ha tšoelesa ea qoqotho: hypothyroidism, myxedema (mofuta o feteletseng oa hypothyroidism), thyrotooticosis, cretinism ('dementia'), lefu la Hashimoto, lefu la Bazedova (tumisa lefu le nang le chefo).

Litlala tsa parathyroid. Ho hlahisoa lihormone tsa parathyroid, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa phallo ea calcium, e etselitsoeng ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso ea methapo le ea motor.

Boloetse ba tsamaiso ea endocrine e amanang le ho se sebetse hantle ha litšoelesa tsa parathyroid - hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, parathyroid osteodystrophy (lefu la Recklinghausen).

Thymus (thymus gland). E hlahisa lisele tsa T tsa sesole sa 'mele, e hlahisa li-thymopoietin - lihormone tse ikarabellang bakeng sa phetoho ea mmele le tšebetso ea lisele tse holileng tsa sesole sa' mele. Ebile, re ka re thymus e ameha ts'ebetsong ea bohlokoa joalo ka nts'etsopele le molawana oa boits'ireletso.

Mabapi le sena, ho na le monyetla oa hore mafu a tsamaiso ea endocrine a amanang le ho senyeha ha tšoelesa ea thymus ke mafu a tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Mme ho bohlokoa ho se sireletsehe ho mmele oa motho ho boima haholo.

Makhopho Ke karolo ea tsamaiso ea tšilo ea lijo. E hlahisa lihormone tse peli tsa antagonist - insulin le glucagon. Insulin e fokotsa khatello ea tsoekere maling, tsoekere - ea eketseha.

Lihormone ka bobeli li kenella taolong ea lik'habohaedreite le metabolism ea mafura. Ka lebaka lena, maloetse a amanang le ho se sebetse hantle ha manyeme a kenyeletsa lefu la tsoekere le litlamorao tsohle tsa lona, ​​hammoho le mathata a amanang le ho nona haholo.

Litlala tsa adrenal. Sebeletsa e le mohloli o ka sehloohong oa adrenaline le norepinephrine.

Ho se sebetse hantle ha litšoelesa tsa adrenal ho lebisa ho mafu a mangata ka ho fetisisa, ho kenyelletsa le mafu a tebileng, ao qalong a sa amaneng le mafu a tsamaiso ea endocrine - lefu la pelo, maloetse a pelo, khatello ea mali, infrection ea myocardial.

Lithunya. Hlahisa lihormone tsa thobalano.

Makhopho a mahe. Ke karolo ea motheo ea sistimi ea tlhaho ea basali ea ho ikatisa. Mesebetsi ea endocrine ea mae a bomme e kenyelletsa tlhahiso ea lingangele tse kholo tsa basali tsa botona kapa botšehali - estrogen le progesterone, ka hona e ikarabella bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ho ikatisa ea mosali.

Mathata a tsamaiso ea endocrine a amanang le ho senyeha hoa mahe a ka mahe - myoma, mesopathy, cystosis ea ovari, endometriosis, ho hloka thari, mofets'e oa ovary.

Liteko. Ke likarolo tsa sebopeho sa tsamaiso ea botona ea banna. lisele tsa germ tsa banna (sperm) le lihormone tsa steroid, haholo-holo ke testosterone. Ho hlohlona ha ovari ho lebisa ho mafu a mangata 'meleng oa monna, ho kenyelletsa ho hloka thari ha monna.

Sisteme ea endocrine e karolong ea eona e fetisang e emeloa ke litšoelesa tse latelang:

Tšoelesa ea tlhaho - Tšoelesa ea bohlokoahali ea systemuse endocrine ha e le hantle ke karolo ea eona e bohareng. Hlama ea gland e sebelisana le hypothalamus, e theha tsamaiso ea pituitary-hypothalamic. Letšoele la tlhaho le hlahisa lihormone tse ntlafatsang mosebetsi le taolo ea matla hoo e batlang e le litšoelesa tsohle tsa tsamaiso ea endocrine.

Gland ea anterior pituitary e hlahisa lihormone tse 6 tsa bohlokoa tse bitsoang li ka sehloohong - thyrotropin, li-hormone tsa adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), lihormone tse 4 tsa gonadotropic tse tsamaisang tšebetso ea litšoelesa tsa thobalano le hormone e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa haholo - somatotropin, hape e bitsoang hormone ea kholo. Hormone ena ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong e amang kholo ea masapo, mokokotlo le mesifa. Ho hlahisoa ha lihormone tse ngata ho motho e moholo ho etsa hore motho a be le li-agrocemalia, tse iponahatsang ka keketseho ea masapo, maoto le sefahleho.

Tšoelesa ea ka morao-rao e laola ho sebetsa ha li-hormone tse hlahisoang ke tšoelesa ea phaene.

Epiphysis. Ke mohloli oa li-hormone tsa antidiuretic (ADH), tse laolang tekano ea metsi a 'mele, le oxytocin, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho ruruha ha mesifa e boreleli, ho kenyelletsa le popelo, nakong ea pelehi. E boetse e pata lintho tse nang le mofuta oa lihormone - melatonin le norepinephrine. Melatonin ke hormone e laolang tatellano ea linako tsa boroko, 'me norepinephrine e ama tsamaiso ea potoloho le tsamaiso ea methapo.

Ho ipapisitse le se boletsoeng ka holimo, ho latela hore boleng ba ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea endocrine bo thata ho bo feta. Mefuta ea mafu a tsamaiso ea endocrine (e bakoang ke mathata a sebetsang a tsamaiso ea endocrine) e pharalletse haholo. Ka maikutlo a rona, ke feela ka mokhoa o kopaneng oa 'mele o sebelisitsoeng Clinic of Cybernetic Medicine, ho ka etsahala ho tseba ka tekanyo e phahameng ho nepahala hohle tlolo ea' mele oa motho, mme, ho latela litšobotsi tsa motho ka mong, ho theha mehato e sebetsang bakeng sa khalemelo ea bona.

'Meleng oa rona ho na le litho tse seng litšoelesa tsa endocrine, empa ka nako e ts'oanang li boloka lintho tse phelang li bile li na le tšebetso ea endocrine:

Thymus gland, kapa thymus

Leha taba ea hore litšoelesa tsa endocrine li hasantsoe le 'mele kaofela' me li etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng, ke ts'ebetso e le 'ngoe, mesebetsi ea tsona e hokahane haufi,' me phello ea lits'ebetso tsa 'mele e lemohuoa ka mekhoa e tšoanang. Adipose tiske le eona ke e 'ngoe ea litho tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa le tse kholo tsa endocrine tse amehang ho kopaneng, ho bokelleng le metabolism ea lihormone. Ka hona, ha u fetola tekanyo ea lithane tsena kapa mofuta oa kabo ea tsona, ho ba le mathata a itseng a lihormone.

Lihlopheng tse tharo tsa lihormone (karohano ea lihormane ka sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale)

1. Amino Acid Derivatives. Ho tloha lebitsong la sehlopha ho latela hore lihormone tsena li etsoe ka lebaka la phetoho ea sebopeho sa limolek'hule tsa amino acid, haholo-holo tyrosine. Mohlala ke adrenaline.

2. Li -teroids. Prostaglandins, li-corticosteroids le lihormone tsa thobalano. Ho latela maikutlo a lik'hemik'hale, ke a lipids mme li entsoe ka lebaka la liphetoho tse rarahaneng tsa molek'hule ea cholesterol.

3. Lihormone tsa peptide. 'Meleng oa motho, sehlopha sena sa li-hormone se emeloa haholo. Li-peptide ke liketane tse khutšoane tsa li-amino acid; insulin ke mohlala oa hormone ea peptide.

Hoa makatsa hore hoo e batlang e le lihormone tsohle tse 'meleng ea rona ke limolek'hule tsa protheine kapa lintho tse tsoang ho tsona. Mokhelo ke lihormone tsa thobalano le lihormone tsa adrenal cortex, tse amanang le li-steroid. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore mochine oa tšebetso oa li-steroid o bonoa ka li-receptor tse fumanehang ka har'a lisele, ts'ebetso ena e telele ebile e hloka tlhahiso ea limolek'hule tsa protheine. Empa lihormone tsa tlhaho ea liprotheine hang-hang li sebelisana le li-membrane receptor holim'a lisele, e le hore phello ea tsona e ka atleha kapele.

Lihormone tsa bohlokoahali tseo boitsebahatso ba hae bo susumetsoang ke lipapali:

Glandular endocrine system

• E nka karolo taolong ea humors (lik'hemik'hale) ea mesebetsi ea 'mele le ho hokahanya mesebetsi ea litho tsohle le litsamaiso.
• E fana ka polokeho ea homeostasis ea 'mele tlasa maemo a fetohang a tikoloho.
• Hammoho le tsamaiso ea methapo ea mmele le ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, e laola:
  • kholo
  • kholo ea 'mele
  • phapang ea eona ea thobalano le mosebetsi oa ho ikatisa,
  • e nka karolo lits'ebetsong tsa thuto, ts'ebeliso le ho boloka matla.
• Ka kopanelo le tsamaiso ea methapo, lihormone li ameha ho fana ka:
  • maikutlo a maikutlo
  • ts'ebetso ea kelello ea motho.

Glandular endocrine system

E emeloa ke litšoelesa tsa endocrine tse kopanyang, ho bokella le ho lokolla lintho tse fapaneng tsa bioloji tse sebetsang (lihormone, li-neurotransmitters, le tse ling) maling. Li-glandular tsa "endocrine" ke "glandular" glandular "plandal gland", "pineal gland", "pineal gland", "pineal gland", "pineal gland", "pineal gland", "pineal gland", "pineal gland", "pineal gland", "pineal" glandular "" "" "" "" "" Cancex "," "" "" "" "" Cancex ". Tsamaisong ea glandular, lisele tsa endocrine li kenelletse kahareng e le 'ngoe. Tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng e kenyelletsa taolo ea secretion ea li-hormone tsa litšoelesa tsohle tsa endocrine, le li-hormone ka mochine oa ho arabela li ama tsamaiso ea methapo e kholo, ho fetola tšebetso le boemo ba tsona. Taolo e poteletseng ea ts'ebetso ea mesebetsi ea methapo ea kutlo ea 'mele ha e etsoe feela ka lihormone tsa "tropic" tsa "pituitary gland", empa hape le ka tšusumetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo (kapa ea boeme). Ntle le moo, lintho tse ling tse sebetsang ka bioloji (li-monoamine le lihormone tsa peptide) li bolokiloe tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng, eo bongata ba eona bo patiloeng ke lisele tsa endocrine tsa seterata sa ka mpeng. Litšoelesa tsa endocrine (li-gland tsa endocrine) ke litho tse hlahisang lintho tse ikhethileng 'me li li pata ka ho toba maling kapa lisele. Lintho tsena ke lihormone - batsamaisi ba lik'hemik'hale ba hlokahalang bakeng sa bophelo. Litšoelesa tsa endocrine e ka ba litho tse ikemetseng le tse tsoang ho lithane tsa epithelial (moeli).

Li-hormone tsa Epiphysis:

• Melatonin e kenella taolong ea potoloho ea boroko le ho tsoha, khatello ea mali. E boetse e kenya letsoho taolong ea nako ea selemo ea li-biorhythms tse itseng. E fokotsa ts'ebetso ea botsofali, e sitisa tsamaiso ea methapo le secretion ea lihormone tsa thobalano.
• Serotonin e boetse e bitsoa hormone ea thabo. Ke neurotransmitter e ka sehloohong. Boleng ba serotonin 'meleng bo amana ka kotloloho le monyako oa bohloko. Ha boemo bo holimo ba serotonin bo le holimo, bo ba bo phahameng le ho feta. E bapala karolo ea taolo ea tšoelesa ea pituitary ke hypothalamus. Eketsa coagulation ea mali le ho eketseha ha vascular. E kenya ts'ebetsong ho ruruha le allergies. E ntlafatsa mohopolo oa ka mpeng le tšilo ea lijo. E boetse e kenya mefuta e meng ea microflora ea mala. E nka karolo morerong oa tšebetso ea contractile ea popelo le ts'ebetsong ea ovulation ka ovary.
• Adrenoglomerulotropin e kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa litšoelesa tsa adrenal.
• Dimethyltryptamine e hlahisoa nakong ea karolo ea REM le maemo a moeli, joalo ka maemo a behang bophelo kotsing, tsoalo kapa lefu.

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus ke setsi se bohareng se laolang tšebetso ea litšoelesa tsohle ka ho kenella ha secretion ka har'a pituitary gland kapa ka ho ipatela ha eona ea lihormone. E fumaneha ka diencephalon e le sehlopha sa lisele.

Vasopressin, eo hape e bitsoang "antidiuretic hormone," e bolokiloe ka har'a hypothalamus 'me e laola molumo oa methapo ea mali, hammoho le ho phunyeha lipelong, ka tsela eo e fetole bongata ba moriti o qholotsoeng.

Oxetocin e bolokoa ka har'a hypothalamus, ebe e fetisetsoa gland ea pituitary. Moo e ea bokellana ebe e ea pateloa kamora moo. Oxetocin e bapala karolo ea tšebetso ea litšoelesa tse anyesang, e na le phello e matlafatsong ea popelo ea popelo le ho tsoaloa hape ka lebaka la ts'usumetso ea kholo ea seleng ea bakoang. E boetse e baka maikutlo a khotsofalo, khutso le kutloelo-bohloko.

E lutse ka fossa ea pituitary fossa ea Turkey ea lesapo la sphenoid. E arotsoe ka lobes tsa ka ntle le tsa ka morao.

Li-hormone tsa tšoelesa ea ka ntle ea pituitary:

• Hormone e holang kapa li-hormone tsa kholo. E sebetsa haholo lilemong tsa bocha, e susumetsa libaka tsa kholo masapong, 'me e baka kholo bolelele. E eketsa synthetiki ea mafura le ho chesa mafura. E eketsa tsoekere ea mali ka lebaka la thibelo ea insulin.
• Hormone ea lactotropic e laola tšebetso ea litšoelesa tse anyesang le kholo ea tsona.
• Follicle e susumetsang, kapa FSH, e khothalletsa nts'etsopele ea li-follicles ka maeeng le secretion ea estrogens. Mmeleng oa monna, e nka karolo ntlafatsong ea liteko le ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea spermatogeneis le testosterone.
• Luteinizing hormone e sebetsa tumellanong le FSH. Ka 'mele oa monna, e tsosa tlhahiso ea testosterone. Ho basali, secretion ea ovary ea li-oestrogens le ovulation ka tlhoro ea potoloho.
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone, kapa ACTH. E laola cortex ea adrenal, e leng, secretion ea glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone) le lihormone tsa thobalano (androgens, estrogens, progesterone). Li-Glucocorticoids li bohlokoa haholo maemong a khatello ea maikutlo le maemong a tšohanyetso, li thibela kutloisiso ea lithane ho lihormone tse ngata tse phahameng, ka hona li tsepamisa 'mele ts'ebetsong ea ho hlola maemo a sithabetsang. Ha boemo bo ka behang bophelo kotsing, tšilo ea lijo, kholo ea thobalano le ts'ebetso ea thobalano li tsamaea tseleng.
• Hormone e susumetsang ea qoqotho ke eona e hlohlelletsang ho hlophisoa ha thyroxine ho tšoelesa ea qoqotho. E boetse e ama ka mokhoa o sa tobang mofuta oa triiodothyronine le thyroxine sebakeng se le seng. Lihormone tsena tsa qoqotho ke tsona tsa bohlokoa haholo tse laolang litsamaiso tsa kholo le kholo ea 'mele.

Tšoelesa ea qoqotho

Tšoelesa ena e karolong e ka pele ea molala, ka morao ho eona ho feta esophagus le trachea, ka pele e koahetsoe ke lefufuru la qoqotho. Cartilage ea qoqotho ho banna e ntlafalitsoe hanyane ka hanyane 'me e ba sebopeho sa mofuta - apole ea Adamu, e tsejoang hape e le apole ea Adamu. Tšoelesa ena e na le li-lobules tse peli le mohopolo.

Lihormone tsa qoqotho:

• Thyroxine ha e na taba ebile e sebetsa ho lisele tsohle tsa 'mele. Ts'ebetso ea eona ke ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea metabolic, e leng, motsoako oa RNA le liprotheine. E ama sekhahla sa pelo le kholo ea mucosa ea popelo ho basali.
• Triiodothyronine ke mofuta o sebetsang oa bioloji ho ea pele ea thyroxine.
• Calcitonin e laola phapanyetsano ea phosphorus le calcium masapong.

Thymus thymus

Tšoelesa e fumaneha ka morao ho sternum ho Mediastinum. Pele e kena bohlankaneng, e ea h, ola, ebe ea fetoha butle butle, e se e le phetoho, 'me ka botsofe ha e hlahe ho tsoa lithong tse haufi. Ntle le ts'ebetso ea li-hormone, li-T-lymphocyte, lisele tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa sesole sa 'mele, li holile tsebong ea thymus.

Makhopho

Tšoelesa e ka morao ka mpeng, e arotsoe ke mohala o tsoang ka mpeng. Ka morao ho tšoelesa, ho feta seretse se tlaase sa vena, aorta, le leqele le letšehali le nang le bohloko. Ka sefahleho, koahela hlooho ea tšoelesa, 'mele le mohatla. Lotho ea duodenum e koba hlooho ea sefahleho ka pele. Sebakeng sa ho ikopanya le gland le intestine, duct ea Wirsung e feta moo manyeme a patiloeng, ke hore, ts'ebetso ea ona ea exocrine. Hangata ho boetse ho na le duct e eketsehileng joalo ka ho putlama.

Bophahamo ba sehlooho ba gland bo etsa mosebetsi oa exocrine mme bo emeloa ke tsamaiso ea methapo ea lipalesa e bokellang. Ts'ebetso ea endocrine e etsoa ke lihlekehleke tsa pancreatic, kapa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans, tse fumanehang ka mokhoa o fapaneng. Bongata ba tsona li mohatleng oa tšoelesa.

Li-hormone tsa pancreatic:

• Glucagon e potlakisa ho phatloha ha glycogen ho sebete, ha e sa ame glycogen mokokotlong oa marapo. Ka lebaka la mochine ona, boemo ba tsoekere maling bo lula bo le boemong bo loketseng. E boetse e eketsa tlhahiso ea insulin e hlokahalang bakeng sa metabolism ea glucose. E eketsa sekhahla sa pelo le matla. Ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea "hit kapa run", e eketsa palo ea lisebelisoa le ho fihlella ha tsona ho litho le lisele.
• Insulin e etsa mesebetsi e mengata, eo e ka sehloohong e leng ho phatloha ha tsoekere le tokollo ea matla, hammoho le ho boloka glucose e fetelletseng ka mokhoa oa glycogen ho sebete le mesifa. Insulin hape e thibela ho senyeha ha glycogen le mafura. Tabeng ea tlolo ea motsoako oa "insulin", tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere e ka khonahala.
• Somatostatin e na le phello e phatlalalitsoeng e thibelang kelello ho hypothalamus le pituitary gland, e thibelang tlhahiso ea lihormone tsa kholo le lihormone tsa thyrotropic. E boetse e theola secretion ea lintho tse ling tse ngata le lihormone, mohlala, insulin, glucagon, insulin-kama factor factor (IGF-1).
• Pancreatic polypeptide e fokotsa secretion ea kantle ea manyeme hape e eketsa secretion ea lero la gastric.
• Ghrelin e amahanngoa le tlala le satiety. Palo ea mafura 'meleng e amana ka kotloloho le molao ona.

Litlala tsa adrenal

Litho tse paired li na le sebopeho sa piramide, se bapileng le palo e kaholimo ea monoana o mong le o mong, o hokahantsoeng le liphio ke methapo e tloaelehileng ea mali. E arotsoe ka cortical le medulla. Ka kakaretso, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea ho ikamahanya le maemo a sithabetsang bakeng sa 'mele.

Ntho ea cortical ea litsoelesa tsa adrenal e hlahisa lihormone tse eketsang botsitso ba 'mele, hammoho le lihormone tse laolang metabolism ea metsi a letsoai. Lihormone tsena li bitsoa corticosteroids (cortex - bark). Ntho ea cortical e arotsoe ka mafapha a mararo: sebaka sa glomerular, sebaka sa bongata le sebaka sa mesh.

Lihormone tsa sebaka se nang le mahlaseli, corticoids ea liminerale:

• Aldosterone e laola se ka hare ho K + le Na + ions maling le lithong, ka hona e ama bongata ba metsi 'meleng le karolelano ea palo ea metsi lipakeng tsa li-tishu le methapo ea mali.
• Corticosterone, joalo ka aldosterone, e sebetsa tšimong ea metabolism ea letsoai, empa karolo ea eona 'meleng oa motho e nyane. Mohlala, ho litoeba, corticosterone ke corticoid ea mantlha.
• Deoxycorticosterone le eona ha e sebetse 'me e ts'oana le ts'ebetso ho ea holimo.

Li-hormone tsa sebaka sa Beam, glucocorticoids:

• Cortisol e bolokoa ka taelo ea tšoelesa ea pituitary. E laola metabolism ea carbohydrate mme e kenella mekhoeng ea khatello ea maikutlo. Ho khahlisang, secretion ea cortisol e tlameletsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho mokokotlo oa circadian: boemo bo phahameng haholo hoseng, bonyane ke mantsiboea. Hape, ho na le ho itšetleha ka sethala sa ho ilela khoeli ho basali. E sebetsa haholo ho sebete, e etsa hore ho be le keketseho sebopeho sa tsoekere le ho e boloka ka mokhoa oa glycogen. Ts'ebetso ena e etselitsoe ho boloka sesebelisoa sa matla le ho e boloka bakeng sa bokamoso.
• Cortisone e matlafatsa motsoako oa lik'habohaedreite tse tsoang liprotheine mme e eketsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea maikutlo.

Lihormone tsa sebaka se poteletseng, lihormone tsa thobalano:

• Androgens, lihormone tsa banna tsa botona le botšehali, ke lintho tse etelletsang pele
• Estrogen, lihomo tsa basali. Ho fapana le lihormone tsa thobalano tse tsoang li-gonads, lihormone tsa thobalano tsa litšoelesa tsa adrenal li sebetsa pele ho nako ea ho kena bohlankaneng le kamora ho kena bohlankaneng. Ba nka karolo ntlafatsong ea litšobotsi tsa botona le botšehali (limela tsa sefahleho le ho bokellana ha nako ho banna, kholo ea litšoelesa tsa mammary le ho etsoa ha mofuta o khethehileng oa basali). Ho haella ha lihormone tsena tsa thobalano ho lebisa ho lahleheloeng ke moriri, ho feteletseng - ponong ea matšoao a batho ba bong bo fapaneng.

Lithunya

Tšoelesa e pentiloeng eo ho eona ho thehoang lisele tsa kokoana-hloko le tlhahiso ea lihormone tsa thobalano. Li-gonads tsa banna le basali li fapana ka sebopeho le sebaka.

Tse tona li fumaneha lesakeng la letlalo la multilayer le bitsoang scrotum, le sebakeng sa inguinal. Sebaka sena ha sea ka sa khethoa ka tšohanyetso, kaha peō e tloaelehileng ea sperm e hloka mocheso o ka tlase ho likhato tse 37. Litlhaku li na le sebopeho se lobed, se likhoele tsa "spermatic" tse tsoang mootong ho ea setsing, ha semelo sa monna se tloha mosikong ho ea setsing.

'Meleng oa mosali, li-gonads li teng ka mpeng ea mpa ka mahlakoreng a popelo. Li na le li-follicles maemong a fapaneng a ntlafatso. Hoo e ka bang khoeli e le 'ngoe, follicle e tsoetseng pele haholo e hlaha haufi le bokaholimo, e phunye lehe,' me ka mor'a moo follicle e tsoelepele, e lokolle lihormone.

Lihormone tsa banna ba botona le botšehali, ke lihormone tse matla ka ho fetisisa tsa steroid. Ho potlakisa ho phatloha ha tsoekere ka matla a mangata. Eketsa boima ba mesifa le ho fokotsa mafura. Boemo bo eketsehang ba androgens bo eketsa libido ho batona le ba batšehali, hape e kenya letsoho kholisong ea litšobotsi tsa bong ba monna: ho tiisa lentsoe, ho fetoha ha masapo, ho hola moriri oa sefahleho, jj.

Lihormone tsa basali tsa botšehali, estrogens, hape ke li-anabolic steroids. Ke tsona tse ikarabellang ho nts'etsopele ea litho tsa botšehali, ho kenyelletsa le litšoelesa tsa mammary le ho etsa litšobotsi tsa basali. Ho boetse ho fumaneha hore li-estrogens li na le anti-atherosulinotic effect, eo ka eona ba kopanyang pontšo e sa tloaelehang ea atherosulinosis ho basali.