Type 1 lefu la tsoekere > Mefuta le Mefuta

Ho na le lisele tsa beta ka har'a manyeme a kopanyang insulin. Insulin e kenella ho tsamaiseng tsoekere ho tsoa plasma ea mali ho ea lithong tse e hlokang. Litho tse latelang li na le tlhoko e phahameng ea tsoekere: mahlo, pelo, methapo ea mali, liphio, tsamaiso ea methapo. Bohlokoa ba lefu la tsoekere la 1 ke hore lisele tsa pancreatic beta li shoa ka tšohanyetso ebe li emisa ho etsa insulin. Ho na le tsoekere e ngata maling, empa ha e fihlelle litho tse e hlokang. Litho tsa 'mele ha li na tsoekere,' me hyperglycemia e hlaha maling.

Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere o bonahala joang

Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere o qala hantle. Mokuli o na le lenyora le boleloang, molomo o omileng, o noa metsi a mangata 'me o ntša urine haholo. Bakuli ba bang ba hloile lijo le letsoai le leng, ha ba bang bona, ho fapana le hoo, ba ja haholo. Le ha ho le joalo, bobeli ba bona ka potlako ba theola boima ba 'mele - ho fihlela ho 20 kg ka libeke tse' maloa. Hape, bakuli ba tšoenyehile ka bofokoli, ho tsekela, ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso, ho otsela. Ntle le kalafo ho bakuli ba nang le mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere, ketoacidosis e kenella ka potlako, e ka kenang ho koma ea ketoacidotic.

Type 1 lefu la tsoekere

Phekolo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ke lenaneo le ikemetseng la ho fana ka litlhare tse nang le insulin, hobane maemong a boima ka ho fetisisa, insulin ea hau ha e raliloe ho hang.

Ka hona, melao-motheo e 2 ea kalafo ea mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere:

Lijo le boits'oaro
Phekolo ea insulin.

Kajeno, ho hlahisoa ha insulin ho tsoa kantle ke eona feela tsela ea ho phekola lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. Haeba e mong oa bahlahisi ba lithethefatsi a ipolela hore o hlahisa lithethefatsi tse ka folisang lefu lena, hona ke thetso e totobetseng.

Ho na le mefuta ea 2 ea lithethefatsi tse nang le insulin:

li-insulin tse nkang nakoana (humalog, actrapid, jj),
li-insulin tse nkang nako e telele (lantus, protofan, levemir, jj.).

Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa insulin ke o latelang:

hoseng - nako e telele ea insulin,
pele ho lijo tsa hoseng, lijo tsa motšeare, lijo tsa mantsiboea - insulin e nkang nakoana,
bosiu - insulin e atolositsoeng.

Mekha ea insulin hangata e khethoa ke endocrinologist. Leha ho le joalo, palo ea "insulin" e sebetsang ka nako e khutšoane e fanoang pele ho lijo e tla latela bongata ba eona. Sekolong sa lefu la tsoekere, bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba rutoa ho bala likarolo tsa bohobe tse fumanehang lijong le ho tsamaisa insulin e khutšoane kamoo ho hlokahalang. Letsatsi le leng le le leng bakuli bohle ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba lokela ho lekola boemo ba bona ba tsoekere ea mali ka mitha ea tsoekere ea mali.

Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere ke bophelo bohle. Ka bomalimabe, lefu lena le sa phekolehe kajeno.

Mofuta oa 1 oa lijo tsa lefu la tsoekere

Pele o qala kalafo, khetho ea mokhoa, ho hlokahala hore u nahane ka lisosa tsa lefu lena, matšoao a khethollang, mekhoa ea ho hlahloba. Lefu la tsoekere ke tlolo ea tšebetso ea manyeme, mekhoa e meng 'meleng oa motho, e hlahisoang ke ho hloka insulin. Tabeng ea bokuli, lisele tsa "pancreatic" tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihomone ha li khone ho etsa mosebetsi oa tsona ka botlalo. Ka lebaka leo, matšoao a tsoekere a eketseha, a amang hampe mosebetsi oa litho tsa bophelo bo botle.

Ho haella ha insulin le tsoekere e ngata ea mali ho baka litlamorao tse ke keng tsa fetoloa: pono e senyehileng, ts'ebetso ea boko, methapo ea mali e felile. Bakeng sa ho laola boemo ba lihormone, ts'ebetso ea metabolic, bakuli ba fumanoang ba na le mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere ba tlameha ho kenella letsatsi le letsatsi bophelo bohle ba bona. Phekolo ntle le mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la 1 lefu la tsoekere ha le khonehe, tekanyetso ea lihormone e laoloa ka bonngoe.

Bo-rasaense ha ba tsebe mabaka a tšepahalang a bakang khaello ea insulin. Ka monyetla o phahameng oa monyetla oa ho pheha khang ea hore ntlha ea mantlha kholisong ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ke timetso ea lisele tsa β tse teng ka har'a manyeme. Litlhokahalo tsa bothata bona e ka ba lintlha tse fapaneng:

Boteng ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tse khethollang lefutso la lefu la tsoekere.
Ts'ebetso e mpe ea boits'ireletso ba mmele, e leng mekhoa ea autoimmune.
Mafu a fetileng a tšoaetsanoang, a vaerase, ho etsa mohlala, lisemete, mumps, hepatitis, khoho.
Khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea kelello e sa feleng.

Bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, matšoao a tlhaho a batla a tšoana le mofuta oa bobeli. Matšoao ohle ha a hlahisoe a lekane, ka hona, ha a tšoenyehe ho mokuli ho fihlela qaleho ea ketoacidosis, eo ka linako tse ling e lebisang mathateng a lefu lena. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela bophelo ba hau ka hloko 'me haeba ho fumanoa matšoao a lefu la tsoekere, o lokela ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mali, tlhahlobo ea moroto ebe o etela ngaka e sebetsanang le lefu lena - endocrinologist. Matšoao a tšoaeang mofuta oa lefu la pele:

Lenyora le kamehla.
Molomo o omileng.
Ho ruruha khafetsa (mots'eare le bosiu).
Takatso e matla ea matla, empa mokuli o fokotseha haholo.
Ho senyeha ha pono, ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e fetoha lerootho ntle le kemiso e hlakileng.
Mokhathala, ho otsela.
Ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo ho sa khaotseng, ho ba monyebe, ho se tsikinyehe, tloaelo ea ho ithaburanya.
Basali ba tšoauoa ka nts'etsopele ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang sebakeng sa litho tse haufi tse sa arabeleng kalafo ea lehae.

Haeba ketoacidosis (mathata) e se e qalile, matšoao a eketsehileng a bonoa:

Ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng, letlalo le omeletseng.
Ho phefumoloha ho fetoha khafetsa, ho teba.
Monko o tsoang molomong oa molomo ha o monate - monko oa acetone.
Bofokoli bo akaretsang ba 'mele, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho lahleheloa ke tsebo hoa khoneha.

Tlhahiso e tlamang ea kalafo ea mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere ke liente tsa insulin tse tsoelang pele. Empa mekhoa e meng e tlatselletsang e ka ama lefu lena, ea nolofatsa matšoao a eona le ho thibela ho hlaha ha mathata. U ka khona ho etsa kopo le ho sebelisa mekhoa ena kapa e meng ea kalafo kamora ho buisana le ngaka e alafang le ho fumana tumello ea hae.

Ntlha ea bohlokoa bakeng sa kalafo ea lefu lena ke phepo e nepahetseng bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. Lijo tse thehiloeng hantle le tse khethiloeng ka nepo li tla thusa ho fokotsa, ho thibela ho eketseha ha litekanyetso tsa tsoekere, ka hona, ho tla khonahala ho fokotsa tekanyetso ea insulin. Nutle ea T1DM:

Lenaneo ha lea lokela ho ba litšenyehelo tsa bophelo bo botle.
Bakeng sa lijo, o lokela ho khetha lihlahisoa tse fapaneng.
Ka lefu la tsoekere, o lokela ho khetha lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho.
Ho khothalletsoa ho etsa moralo oa beke, ho hlahloba ka hloko lijana le likarolo tsa tsona.
Ela hloko lijo tseo u li jang, nako ea ente ea insulin, qoba ho ja bosiu.
Lijo li lokela ho ba ka likarolo tse nyane, li arotsoe bonyane makhetlo a 5 ka letsatsi.
Khela tsoekere e sa tsoakoang lijong, e leng kotsi haholo ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.
Se ke oa sebelisa lijo tse tsoang lenaneng "le thibetsoeng".
Ho molemo ho tlohela ho tsuba.

Ke eng e thibetsoeng ho ja:

Tse nang le tsoekere - mefuta eohle ea lipompong (liswiti, chokolete, likuku).
Joala, haholo, bo kotsi maemong a veine e khubelu ea mellitus dessert le lino tse tlase tsa joala.
Litholoana tse monate (mohlala, mango, banana, morara, melon).
Metsi a phallang.
Lihlahisoa tsa Lijo tse potlakileng.
Lijo tse nang le koae, litlolo, meroho e mafura.

Mohlala oa lijo, lijo tsa bakuli:

Lijo tse ka sehloohong ke lijo tsa hoseng. Ho molemo ho khetha porridge, mahe, meroho, tee e sa koaeloang.
Lijo-thollo tsa pele ke litholoana tse fokolang tsa tsoekere kapa meroho.
Lijo tsa motšeare - moro oa meroho, meroho e phehiloeng ka boiler bo habeli kapa ka ho fafatsa, sengoathoana sa nama kapa tlhapi.
Snack - lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse bolila tse nang le mafura a mangata, salate ea limela kapa bohobe bo nang le tee e sa lomeloang.
Lijo tsa mantsiboea - nama e halikiloeng kapa e halikiloeng, meroho - e sa tsoa khuoa kapa e nang le tlhapi, litlhapi tse besitsoeng, lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse nang le liperesente tse tlase tsa mafura.

Boikoetliso ba 'mele

Papali ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea ho phekola lefu la tsoekere. Ka tlhaho, ho felisa lefu lena ha ho sebetse ho hang, empa ho thusa ho theola tsoekere ea mali. Maemong a sa tloaelehang, khatello ea maikutlo e ka lebisa ho eketseha ha tsoekere, kahoo pele o qala litlelase, ho hlokahala hore u buisane le ngaka. Nakong ea boikoetliso boteng ba lefu la tsoekere, ho bohlokoa ho lekanya tsoekere pele ho ikoetlisa, bohareng ba thupelo le qetellong. U hloka ho lekola insulin khafetsa 'me bakeng sa matšoao a itseng ho molemo ho hlakola ho ikoetlisa:

5.5 mmol / L - tekanyo e tlase eo ho bapala lipapali ho ka bang kotsi. Ho khothalletsoa hore o je sehlahisoa se phahameng sa lik'habohaedreite (joalo ka bohobe) pele o qala ho ikoetlisa.
Matšoao a ka bang 5.5-13,5 mmol / L a fana ka khanya e tala bakeng sa koetliso.
Matšoao a kaholimo ho 13.8 mmol / L a bonts'a ho se ratehe ha mokhathala o matla oa mmele, sena se ka sebetsa e le tšusumetso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea ketoacidosis, mme ho 16.7 mmol / L - e thibetsoe haholo.
Haeba nakong ea boikoetliso tsoekere e theohetse ho 3,8 mmol / L kapa ka tlase, khaotsa ho ikoetlisa hanghang.

Ho ikoetlisa bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ho na le litšobotsi tsa bona:

Liithuti li lokela ho tšoaroa ka moea o mocha ho fihlela sephetho se phahameng.
Nako le nako ea litlelase tsa lefu la tsoekere la 1 ke halofo ea hora, metsotso e mashome a mane, makhetlo a mahlano ka beke kapa hora e le ngoe le sehlopha ka matsatsi a mang.
Ho ea ikoetlisa, ho bohlokoa ho nka lijo bakeng sa ho itšireletsa ho thibela hypoglycemia.
Mehatong ea pele, khetha boikoetliso bo bonolo, ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, butle-butle oa bo qobella, o eketsa mojaro.
Ha ho ikoetlisa ho loketse: ho matha, ho otlolla, squats, mmele oa fetoha, boikoetliso bo matla ba 'mele, boikoetliso ba matla.

Lithethefatsi tsa lefu la tsoekere

Li-capsules tsa lefu la tsoekere la DiabeNot ke sethethefatsi se sebetsang se hlahisitsoeng ke bo-ramahlale ba Jeremane ba tsoang Labor von Dr. Budberg Hamburg. DiabeNot e ile ea nka sebaka sa pele Europe lipakeng tsa meriana ea lefu la tsoekere.

Fobrinol - e fokotsa tsoekere ea mali, e tiisa manyeme, e theola boima ba 'mele hape e fokotsa khatello ea mali. Mokete o lekanyelitsoeng!

Ho sebetsa ka nakoana insulin. Hormone e qala ho sebetsa kamora metsotso e leshome le metso e mehlano ka mor'a ho kenngoa.
Setlhare se sebetsanang le maemo a mahareng se kenngoa tšebetsong lihora tse 2 kamora hore se tsamaisoe.
Insulin e sebetsang ka nako e telele e qala ho sebetsa lihora tse 'ne, tse tšeletseng kamora ho ente.

Hoa khoneha ho kenya insulin 'meleng oa bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la 1 ka ente, o sebelisa seratsoana se khethehileng se nang le nale kapa pompo e tšesaane.

Sehlopha sa bobeli sa meriana se kenyeletsa:

ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) - sethethefatsi se thusang ho ferekanya khatello ea mali, se thibela kapa se fokotsa tsoelo-pele ea lefu la liphio.
Meriana ea ho loants'a mathata a lefu la tsoekere le ileng la hlaha ka lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. Khetho ea lithethefatsi e itšetlehile ka lefu la tsoekere le mofuta oa bothata. E ka ba Erythromycin kapa Cerucal.
Haeba ho na le tšekamelo ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la pelo kapa la vascular, ho kgothaletsoa ho nka Aspirin kapa Cardiomagnyl.
Ketsahalong ea neuropathy ea pheriferale, ho sebelisoa lithethefatsi tse nang le ts'oaetso.
Haeba ho na le mathata ka potency, erection, o ka sebelisa Viagra, Cialis.
Simvastatin kapa Lovastatin e tla thusa ho fokotsa cholesterol.

Litlhare tsa setso

Bakuli ba bangata ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ba sebelisa mekhoa ea setso ho loants'a lefu lena. Lijo tse ling, litlama, litefiso li ka fokotsa maemo a tsoekere ea mali kapa tsa li etsa hore li tloaelehe. Lipheko tse tsebahalang bakeng sa mefuta e meng, meriana ea lapeng ke:

Linaoa (likotoana tse 5-7) tšela metsi a 100 ml ka mocheso oa kamore bosiu bo le bong. Ka mpeng e se nang letho, ja linaoa tse ruruhileng le ho noa metsi. Lijoa tsa hoseng li lokela ho lieha ho qeta hora.
Etsa infusion e kenyang lilithara tse 0,2 tsa metsi le ligrama tse 100 tsa lijo-thollo tsa oat. Ho sebelisa makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi ke tšela linoelo tse 0.5.
Tlatsa thermos bakeng sa bosiu ka motswako oa kopi e le 'ngoe ea metsi (metsi a belang) le 1 tbsp. l seboko. Tšela hoseng 'me u noe senoelo se le 1/3 se seng le se seng ka matsatsi a leshome le metso e mehlano.
Grola li-clove tse 'maloa tse bohareng tsa konofolo ho fihlela gruel e thehiloe, eketsa metsi (a etsang dilitara tse 0.5) ebe u tsitlella halofo ea hora sebakeng se futhumetseng. Bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere, e noe joaloka tee letsatsi lohle.
Bakeng sa metsotso e 7, pheha ligrama tse 30 tsa ivy, e kolobisitsoeng ka 0,5 l ea metsi, tsitlella lihora tse 'maloa, drain. Melao ea kamohelo: nooa pele ho lijo tse kholo.
Bokella li-partitions tsa walnuts tse mashome a mane, eketsa li-2l tsa metsi a hloekileng le simmer bakeng sa hora ka bateng ea metsi. Tšela 'me u noe tincture pele u ja tee.

Mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo

Ho sebeletsa ho ithuta ka lefu la tsoekere le mekhoa ea phekolo ea lona e ntse e tsoela pele ka lilemo tse ngata linaheng tse fapaneng tsa lefatše. Ho na le sehlopha sa bo-rasaense bao sepheo sa bona se ka sehloohong e leng ho rarolla bothata bona. Patlisiso ea bona e tšehelitsoe ke lik'hamphani tsa meriana, likhoebo tse kholo, mekhatlo ea lithuso, metheo esita le mmuso. Hona le mekhoa e mengata e holisang nts'etsopele mabapi le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa pele:

Bo-rasaense ba leka ho etsa hore lisele tsa bakoang ke batho li fetohe lisele tsa beta, tse khonang ho etsa mosebetsi oa ho hlahisa li-hormone le ho phekola lefu la tsoekere. Empa ho fihlela sephetho se hlakileng sa thuto le monyetla oa ho sebelisa sesebelisoa ho phekola batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, se sa le hole.
Bafuputsi ba bang ba ntse ba sebetsa ka ente e ka thibelang ts'ebetso ea autoimmune ho tsoa, moo lisele tsa "pancreatic beta" li ts'oaroang, 'me lefu la tsoekere le hlaha.

Batho ba fumanoeng ba tšoeroe ke lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ba ithutile ho phela le lona, ba phela ka tlhoko ea mehla ea liente tsa insulin, ba fetola mekhoa le litakatso tsa bona. Bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere la 1 ba phela bophelo bo felletseng, ba natefeloa le ho leboha motsotso o mong le o mong, ka tšepo ea bo-ramahlale bao ka tsatsi le leng ba tla qapa “pilisi ea boloi” bomalimabe ba bona. Haeba u bile le bothata ba mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, tseba mekhoa e meng ea kalafo kapa u ikemiselitse ho arolelana maikutlo a hau - tlohela maikutlo.

Lintho tse ka ntle

Lintho tse amanang le tikoloho le tsona li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho etiology ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.

Mafahla a nang le genotypes e tšoanang a na le lefu la tsoekere ka nako e tšoanang maemong a 30-50% feela.

Ho ata ha lefu lena bathong ba morabe oa Caucasus linaheng tse fapaneng ho fapana ka makhetlo a leshome. Ho hlokometsoe hore bathong ba falletseng libakeng tse nang le lefu la tsoekere ba tlase ho ea libakeng tse nang le maemo a mangata a lefu la tsoekere, mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere o atile haholo ho feta ho ba lulang naheng ea bona ea tsoalo.

Meriana le lik'hemik'hale tse ling Edita

Streptozocin, eo pele e neng e sebelisoa e le moriana o thibelang likokoana-hloko, eo hajoale e neng e sebelisetsoa ho phekola mofetše oa pancreatic, e na le chefo ho lisele tsa pancreatic hoo e sebelisoang ho senya lisele tsena litekong tsa liphoofolo.

Rat poho Pyrinuron (Pyriminil, Vacor), e sebelisoang USA ka 1976-1979, e ntseng e sebelisoa le linaheng tse ling, ka mokhoa o khethang o senya lisele tsa beta tsa manyeme.

Moetso oa pathogenetic oa nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 o ipapisitse le ho haella ha tlhahiso ea insulin ke lisele tsa endocrine (lisele tsa β-cell tsa li-isanc tsa pancreatic tsa Langerhans). Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere o etsa 5%% ea mafu ohle a lefu la tsoekere, hangata a hlaha bongoaneng kapa bohlankeng. Mofuta ona oa lefu la tsoekere o tšoauoa ka ponahatso ea matšoao a pele, a tsoelang pele kapele ka nako.Pheko feela ke liente tsa insulin tsa bophelo bohle tse etsang hore metabolism ea mmele e tloaelehe. Ho sa phekoloe lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 le tsoela pele ka potlako 'me ho lebisa ho mathata a tebileng a kang lefu la tsoekere la pelo, ho otloa ke lefu la sethoathoa, ho fokola ha leihlo, lefu la tsoekere, likotsi tsa maoto a lefu la tsoekere, ketoacidosis le lefu la tsoekere.

Khatiso ea 1999 ea Tlhaloso ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, Ho Khetholla Lefu la Ts'oaetso ea Lefu la Ts'oaetso le Liphetoho tsa eona e fana ka karohano e latelang:

Mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere	Litšobotsi tsa lefu
Type 1 lefu la tsoekere	Tšenyo ea "pancreatic", hangata e lebisang ho haelloang ke insulin ka botlalo.
Autoimmune
Idiopathic
Type 2 lefu la tsoekere	Ka ho hanyetsa insulin le ho haella ha insulin kapa bofokoli bo boholo bo kahare ho insulin le ka ho hanyetsa insulin.
Lefu la tsoekere	E hlaha nakong ea kemaro.
Mefuta e meng ea lefu la tsoekere
Bofokoli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso mosebetsing oa β-cell	MODI-1, MODI-2, MOSA-3, MOSA-4, phetoho ea methapo ea methapo, le tse ling.
Bofokoli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso ketsong ea insulin	Tlanya ho hanyetsa insulin, leprechaunism, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, lefu la tsoekere la lipoatrophic, ba bang.
Mafu a amanang le pancreas ea 'mele	Pancreatitis, trauma / pancreatectomy, neoplasia, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, fibrocalculeous pancreatopathy.
Endocrinopathies	Acromegaly, syndrome ea Cushing, glucagonoma, pheochromocytoma, thyrotooticosis, somatostatinoma, aldosteroma, ba bang.
Lithethefatsi kapa lefu la tsoekere la lik'hemik'hale	Vacor, thiazides, pentamidine, dilantin, nicotinic acid, α-interferon, glucocorticoids, β-blockers, lihormone tsa qoqotho, diazoxide, tse ling.
Lefu la Ts'oaetso ea Kokoana-hloko	Cytamegalovirus, rubella, vaerase ea ntaramane, vaerase ea hepatitis B le C, opisthorchiasis, echinococcosis, clonchorrosis, cryptosporodiosis, giardiasis
Mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea lefu la tsoekere le methapo	"Stiff-man" - syndrome (immobility syndrome), boteng ba li-antibodies ho li-insulin receptor, boteng ba antibodies ho insulin, ba bang.
Li-syndromes tse ling tsa lefutso tse amanang le lefu la tsoekere	Down syndrome, Lawrence-Moon-Beadle syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, Turner syndrome, porphyria, Wolfram syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Friedreich ataxia, Huntington's chorea, ba bang.

Khaello ea insulin 'meleng e fetoha ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle ha li "cells-cell" tsa li-isanc tsa pancreatic tsa Langerhans.

Ka lebaka la khaello ea insulin, lisele tse itšetlehileng ka insulin (sebete, mafura le mesifa) li lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba tsona ba ho monya tsoekere ea mali mme ka lebaka leo, boemo ba tsoekere maling maling bo nyoloha (hyperglycemia) - letšoao la ho hlahloba lefu la tsoekere. Ka lebaka la khaello ea insulin, ho phatloha ha mafura ho hlohlelletsoa lithong tsa adipose, e lebisang keketseho ea boemo ba tsona maling, 'me ho phatloha ha protheine liseleng tsa mesifa hoa hlohlelletsoa, e leng ho lebisang ho eketseheng ha li-amino acid maling. Likarolo tsa "catabolism" ea mafura le liprotheine li fetoloa ke sebete ho ba 'mele ea ketone, e sebelisoang ke lisele tse sa ts'epeng insulin (haholo-holo boko) ho boloka tekano ea matla khahlanong le semelo sa ho haella ha insulin.

Glucosuria ke mochine o sebetsang oa ho tlosa tsoekere e maling e maling ha boemo ba glucose bo feta boleng ba mofutso (hoo e ka bang 10 mmol / l). Glucose ke ntho e sebetsang e sebetsang ka bongata 'me keketseho ea karolo ea eona ka har'a moroto e phahamisa keketseho e eketsehileng ea metsi (polyuria), eo qetellong e ka lebisang ho felletseng ha metsi ka lebaka la tahlehelo e lekaneng ea metsi (polydipsia). Hammoho le tahlehelo e eketsehileng ea metsi ka har'a moroto, letsoai la liminerale le lona le lahlehile - khaello ea methapo ea sodium, potasiamo, calcium le magnesium, anions ea chlorine, phosphate le bicarbonate.

Ho na le methati e 6 ea nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere la mellitus ea mofuta oa pele.

Bokapele ba lefutso bo amanang le lefu la tsoekere bo amanang le tsamaiso ea HLA.
Khoele ea ho qala Hypothetical. Tšenyo ea "lisele" ke lisele tse fapaneng tsa tsoekere le ho baka sesole sa 'mele. Bakuli ba se ba ntse ba e-na le li-antibodies tsa ho iske lisele ka karolo e nyane, empa secretion ea insulin ha e e-so utloe bohloko.
Insulin e sebetsang ea autoimmune. Li-antibody titer li phahame, palo ea β-lisele ea fokotseha, secretion ea insulin e ea fokotseha.
Sekhahla sa insulin se theotsoeng tsoekere. Maemong a sithabetsang, mokuli a ka bona tsoalo e sa tsitsang ea tsoekere e potlakileng (NTG) le "glucose" e fokolisang botsitso.
Pontšo ea kliniki ea lefu la tsoekere, ho kenyelletsa le karolo e ka hlahang ea "mahe a linotsi". Secretion ea insulin e fokotsehile haholo, kaha ho feta 90% ea lisele tsa β-lefu li ile tsa shoa.
Tšenyo e felletseng ea lisele tsa β, ho felisoa ka botlalo ha insulin.

Lipontšo tsa kliniki tsa lefu lena ha li bakoe feela ke mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere, empa hape le nako ea thupelo ea hau, tekanyo ea matšeliso bakeng sa metabolism ea carbohydrate, ho ba teng ha mathata a methapo ea methapo le mathata a mang. Ka nako e tšoanang, matšoao a kliniki a arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli:

matšoao a bontšang ho bolaoa ha lefu lena,
matšoao a amanang le ho ba teng le ho teba ha li-angiopathies tsa lefu la tsoekere, neuropathies, le li-pathologies tse ling tse thata kapa tse kopaneng.

Hyperglycemia e baka ponahalo ea glucosuria. Matšoao a tsoekere e phahameng ea mali (hyperglycemia): polyuria, polydipsia, boima ba 'mele ka takatso e matla ea ho ja, molomo o ommeng, bofokoli
microangiopathies (lefu la tsoekere le hlahang, neuropathy, nephropathy),
macroangiopathies (atherosulinosis ea methapo ea methapo ea mokokotlo, aorta, likepe tsa GM, maemo a tlase), lefu la tsoekere la lefu la tsoekere
Psychitant pathology: furunculosis, colpitis, vaginitis, ts'oaetso ea pampitšana ea uriniki joalo-joalo.

Ts'ebetsong ea bongaka, litekanyetso tse lekaneng tsa ho hlahloba lefu la tsoekere ke ho ba teng ha matšoao a tloaelehileng a hyperglycemia (polyuria le polydipsia) le hyperglycemia - "glucose" plasma ea mali a capillary ≥ 7.0 mmol / l (126 mg / dl) ka mpeng e se nang letho le / kapa ≥ 11.1 mmol / l (200 mg / dl) Lihora tse 2 kamora tlhahlobo ea mamello ea glucose. Tekanyetso ea HbA1c> 6.5%. Ha ts'oaetso e fumanoa, ngaka e sebetsa ho latela algorithm e latelang.

Khetholla maloetse a bonahatsoang ke matšoao a tšoanang (lenyora, polyuria, ho theola boima ba 'mele): lefu la tsoekere, polypipsia ea kelello, ho fokola ha methapo, joalo-joalo. Boemo bona bo phethela ka polelo ea laboratori ea hyperglycemia syndrome.
Sebopeho sa nosological sa lefu la tsoekere se boletsoe. Pele ho tsohle, mafu a kenyelelitsoeng sehlopheng sa "Mefuta e meng ea lefu la tsoekere" ha a qheleloe ka thoko. Ke feela moo taba ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 kapa lefu la tsoekere la bobeli e ka rarolloang. Boemo ba C-peptide bo khethoa ka mpeng e se nang letho le kamora boikoetliso. U sebelisa mekhoa e ts'oanang, ho hakanyetsoa hore na li-antibodies tsa GAD tse maling li hakantsoe joang.

Ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma
Hypoglycemic coma (haeba ho na le insulin e ngata)
Lefu la tsoekere le - macroangiopathy - ho senyeha ha methapo ea pelo, ho fokotseha habonolo, tloaelo ea ho ruruha ho ea ho nts'etsopele ea methapo ea methapo,

Lefu la tsoekere le polyneuropathy - lefu la methapo ea kutlo, bohloko le mesarelong ea methapo, paresis le ho holofala,

Lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere - bohloko bo kopaneng, "ho lutla", ho emisa ho sisinyeha, ho fokotseha ha bongata ba mokelikeli oa methapo le ho eketsa pono ea eona,

Lefu la tsoekere la mahlo - nts'etsopele ea peleho ea leihlo (leru la lense), retinopathy (lesapo la mokokotlo),

Lefu la tsoekere lephropathy - ho senya liphio ka chebahalo ea liprotheine le lisele tsa mali ka har'a moroto, le maemong a tebileng a nts'etsopele ea glomerulonephritis le ho hloleha ha renal,

Lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere - liphetoho kelellong le mokhoeng, ho thatafala maikutlong kapa khatello ea maikutlo, matšoao a tahi ea methapo ea methapo.

Melaometheo kakaretso Kakaretso

Lipheo tsa mantlha tsa kalafo:

Ho felisoa ha matšoao ohle a kliniki ea lefu la tsoekere
Ho fihlela taolo e nepahetseng ea metabolic ka nako.
Thibelo ea mathata a hlobaetsang le a sa foleng a lefu la tsoekere
Ho netefatsa bophelo bo phahameng ho bakuli.

Ho fihlela lipheo tsena sebetsa:

ja
Ho etsa mosebetsi oa motho ka mong (DIF)
ho ruta bakuli boitšoaro le mekhoa e bonolo ea kalafo (ho laola mafu a bona)
boitšoaro bo sa khaotseng

Insulin Therapy Edita

Phekolo ea "insulin" e ikemiselitse ho fana ka matseliso a phahameng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa mathata a metabolism ea carbohydrate, thibelo ea hyperglycemia le thibelo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere. Tsamaiso ea insulin e bohlokoa ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 mme e ka sebelisoa maemong a itseng ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. Tsela e 'ngoe ea ho fana ka insulin ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ke pompo ea insulin.

Lebelo la Pilot

Karolo ea pele ea liteko tsa bongaka tsa ente ea BHT-3021 ea DNA e ile ea e-ba teng ho bakuli ba 80 ba fetang lilemo tse 18 ba fumanoeng ba tšoeroe ke lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 lilemong tse 5 tse fetileng. Ba halofo ea bona ba fumane ente ea intramuscular ea BHT-3021 beke le beke bakeng sa libeke tse 12, mme halofo ea bobeli e amohetse placebo. Kamora nako ena, sehlopha se amohelang ente se bonts'itse keketseho ea C-peptide maling maling - biomarker e bonts'ang ho khutlisetsoa hoa ts'ebetso ea sele ea beta.

Ts'ebeliso ea lijo tsa ketogenic eu lumella ho fihlela taolo e ntle ea tsoekere, ho fokotsa likotsi tsa mathata.

Lichelete tse ntlafatsang mosebetsi oa li-pancreas. Hlophisa

Mabapi le tšenyo ea "pancreatic": ntoa khahlanong le hypoxia (hyperbaric oxygenation, cytochrome, actovegin) aprotinin, creon, festal, kalafo ea immunomodulatory (moo ho nang le karolo ea tšoaetso, vaerase) ea lefu la tsoekere, le bakeng sa mathata a amanang le ts'oaetso: tokiso / ho tlosoa ha nako ka nako (pancreatitis, echinococcal cyst, opisthorchiasis, candidiasis, cryptosporodiosis) ho buloa ha nako ea eona ka nako.

Ho chefo le rheumatic etiology Edita

Extracorporeal detoxification (hemodialysis). Ho hlahlojoa ka nako le ho felisoa / ho lokisoa hoa sesosa sa motso (d-penicylamine bakeng sa SLE, desferal bakeng sa hemochromatosis), ho felisoa ha corticosteroids, thiazides, joalo-joalo, e sebelisitseng e le sesosa sa ho baka ponahatso ea lefu lena, ho felisoa ha bona ba sebelisa litlhare tse khethehileng tsa litlhare)

Tsela e Ncha ea ho hlophisa

Bafuputsi Univesithing ea California, San Francisco, e bile bona ba pele ba ho fetola lisele tsa stem tsa motho hore e be lisele tse hlahisang insulin tse holileng (cell cell beta), e leng karohano e kholo ntlafatsong ea pheko ea mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere (T1).

Ho fetola lisele tsena tse senyehileng ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la T1, ke khale e le litoro tsa kalafo e nchafatsang. Bo-rasaense ba ne ba sa utloisise ho holisa lisele tsa beta maemong a laboratori e le hore li sebetse ka tsela e ts'oanang le ho batho ba phetseng hantle.

Senotlolo sa ho fumana lisele tsa maiketsetso tsa beta e ne e le ts'ebetso ea sebopeho sa bona lihlekehlekeng tsa Langerhans ho motho ea phetseng hantle.

Bo-rasaense ba ile ba khona ho hlahisa mokhoa ona ka laboratoring. Ka boqhetseke ba arola lisele tse arohaneng le pancreatic stem 'me ba li fetola lihlopha tsa sehlekehleke. Joale nts'etsopele ea lisele e ile ea potlaka haholo. Lisele tsa Beta li ile tsa qala ho arabela ka matla tsoekere ea mali ho feta lisele tse holisang tse hlahisang insulin. Hape "sebaka" sohle sa sehlekehleke sena, ho kenyelletsa le lisele tse fokolang tse ithutoang tsa alpha le delta, se ile sa qala ho hola ka tsela eo ho neng ho se bonolo ho e etsa tlasa maemo a laboratori.