Li-thickeners le li-gelling agents > Lijo tsa lefu la tsoekere

Li-thickeners li theha litharollo tse ngata haholo ka metsi, 'me li-gel li etsa li-gel le li-ejenti tse etsang gel. Maemong ana ka bobeli, metsi a tlangoa, kaha ts'ebetsong ea colloidal e lahleheloa ke ho sisinyeha 'me e fetole ho lumellana ha sehlahisoa sa lijo. Khemikhale, lihlopha tsena ka bobeli lia tšoana. Maemong ana ka bobeli, ana ke macromolecule ao ho tsona lihlopha tsa hydrophilic li abeloang ka ho lekana. Metsi a tikoloho a sebelisana le lihlopha tsena. Lisebelisoa tsa lisele li ka fapanyetsana tšebelisano le li-ion tsa tlhaho (hydrogen, calcium), jj. Ha ho na phapang e hlakileng pakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli.

Li-thickeners le li-gelling agents li arotsoe ka tlhaho, halofo ea maiketsetso le maiketsetso.

Linonyana tsa tlhaho ke lintho tse simolohileng semeleng, ntle le gelatin. Tsena li kenyelletsa likhahla tsa semela le muilla o tsoang "Irish moss" (carrageenan), orchis (Salep), folaxe le quince peo, carob, astragalus, acacia ea Arabia, hammoho le agar le pectin.

Sene-synthetic thickeners sebetsa le linthong tse tsoang semeleng se tšoanang le selulose kapa starch. Tsena ke lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa tsa tlholeho tseo thepa ea tsona ea tlhaho e fetotsoeng ka mokhoa o lakatsehang ka ho hlahisa lihlopha tse sebetsang ho tsona. Tsena li kenyelletsa methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose (ethoxose), carboxymethyl cellulose (mohlala, cellulose ea morao-rao, fondin, cellin), amylopectin.

Maiketsetso a maiketsetso - Tsena ke li-alkoholi kapa li-ethers tse sa qhibilihang ka metsing, li-polyacrylates.

Li-thickeners tsa tlhaho le tse entsoeng ka halofo li lumelloa ho tlhahiso ea lijo ka bongata. Li-thickeners tsa maiketsetso li sebelisoa feela ha ho etsoa lihlahisoa tsa litlolo.

Nahana ka li-thickeners le li-gelling tse bonolo (cellulose ethers e bonolo, li-starches tse fetotsoeng, pectins, alginic acid, jj.)

Ho bonolo ho e sebelisa. Methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose e sebelisoa haholo e le tlatsetso ea lijo. Li sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lisose, paste ea tlhapi, ice cream, jj. Ntle le moo, ba potlakisa ho lla ha tsoekere molemong oa ho etsa lihlahisoa tsa confectionery le ho fokotsa litharollo le lino.

Kakaretso ea lijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tse fumanehang ka bongata ha e lokela ho ba 25 mg ka kilogerama ea boima ba 'mele. Ho tloha ponong ea bohloeki ba lijo, lintho tsena ha li na kotsi, hobane li-ethers tsa cellulose li fetela ka har'a pampitšana ea lijo 'me li hlahisoa li sa fetohe.

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) e entsoe motheong oa selulose. MCC ke selulose se nang le hydrolyzed ka mokhoa o itseng 'me e sebelisoa e le seqapi khoebong ea lijo. MCC ha e chekoe, 'me likaroloana tse kholo li lula li le tsamaisong ea potoloho' me li ka halefisa le ho senya marako a methapo ea mali, haholoholo li-capillaries. Ka hona, hajoale, MCC e sebelisoa tlhahiso ea lijo ka bongata.

Mojule le liforeimi. Ka indasteri ea lijo, starch ea sebakeng seo le li-starches tse fetotsoeng ka karolo e itseng li sebelisoa e le li-thickeners le li-gelling agents. Ho sebelisoa li-Dextrins, li-starches tse tšoaroang ka asiti, lialkali kapa li-enzyme, li-starches tse nang le lihlopha tse sebetsang (acetylated), phosphorylated le oxidised starches, hydroxypropyl le liphetoho tse ling tsa starch li sebelisoa.

Ts'ebeliso ea mefuta eohle ea likhalase e lekantsoe feela motheong oa mohopolo oa theknoloji bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa boleng ba lijo. Li-starches tsa matsoalloa le tse fetotsoeng li na le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa bohloeki. Litaba tsa sulfure dioxide le molora (ka hohle ho li-starches tse fetotsoeng), arsenic, manganese (li-starlines tse kopantsoeng), sodium chloride le li-carboxyl lihlopheng tsa li-oxidised, lihlopha tsa acetyl lihlopheng tsa linaleli tsa acetylated, le masala a phosphate a li-starches tsa phosphorylated a lekantsoe ho starch ea tlhaho.

A l ginov a y k k le slot le e ka bang l le. Alginic acid le lihlahisoa tsa eona ke li-polysaccharides tse tsoang ho D-mannuric le L-glucuronic acid, e hokahantsoeng ke litlamo tsa glycosidic. Alginic acid ha e qhibilihe ka metsing, empa e e tlama hantle, matsoai a asiti ena (alginates) a qhibiliha hantle ka metsing.

Alginates e sebelisoa e le li-thickeners, li-gelling agents le emulsifiers. Lefapheng la lijo li sebelisetsoa ho etsa lijellies tsa litholoana, marmade, lipudula, lipompong tse bonolo, bakeng sa ho hlakisa veine le lino. Ho feta moo, liaparo tse sireletsang bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa nama, chisi le litholoana li etsoa ho tsona. Khokahano ea li-alginates lihlahisoa tsa lijo e laoloa ka bongata ho tloha ho gram e le 'ngoe ho isa ho 10 g. Ho latela litlhahiso tsa FAO-WHO, hoa utloahala ho sebelisa alginic acid le letsoai la eona lijong ntle le kotsi ho bophelo ba motho ka bongata bo ka bang 25 mg ka kilogram ea boima ba' mele (ho latela alginic acid ea mahala).

Pektiny. Li-pectin ke lintho tsa tlhaho tseo ho tsona likaroloana tsa D-galacturonic acid li hokahantsoeng ke litlamo tsa glycosidic ho limolek'hule tse litšila. Li-pectins li hlahisoa ka litholoana ka asene kapa alkaline e tsoang kapa ka tšilo ea enzymatic. Lihlopha tsa Carboxyl li lekantsoe le methanol ka mokhoa o fapaneng. Li-pectin tse phahameng le tse tlase li khetholloa ho latela tekanyo ea esterization.

Li-pectin tse netefalitsoeng haholo li sebelisoa ka bongata ba ligrama tse lekholo ka seng bakeng sa ho lokisa li-marmalade, jellies, lero la litholoana, ice cream, tlhapi e thuntsoeng, mayonesiise, lisosa, joalo-joalo, le bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha tranelate ea curd - ho fihlela ho 8 g / kg. Li-pectin tse fokotsoang haholo li sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse tsoekere tse tlase, haholo lijellies tsa meroho le pastes, jellies, puddings ea lebese, jj.

Ka har'a 'mele oa motho, ho fihlela 90% ea li-pectin li robehile le ho kenngoa. Litlamorao tse mpe tsa li-pectins bophelong ba motho ha li e-so tsebisoe. Li-pectins li ka sebelisoa ntle le meeli e lekanyelitsoeng, ntle le li-pectin tse thapiloeng, tseo karolo ea lihlopha tsa mahala tsa li-carboxyl li fetoloang ho li-amout. Bakeng sa li-pectins tsena, PSP e ka fihla ho 25 g ka kilogram ea boima ba 'mele.

Le r. Agar ke motsoako oa polysaccharides ea agarose le agaropectin mme e fumanoa ka bongata ka bongata. Agar ka mofuta oa letsoai la calcium kapa le magnesium le fumaneha ho algae e khubelu e ngata, eo ho eona e ntšitsoeng metsi ka bongata. Bokhoni ba ho iketsisa ba li-agar bo phahame ka makhetlo a 19 ho feta a gelatin.

Agar e sebelisoa ho bolokeng nama le tlhapi, ho hlahiseng marmalade, confectionery, puddings, ice cream le lijana tse ngata tse monate mehatong e ka bang 20 g / kg. Tlhahisong ea mefuta e meng ea chisi, agar e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng le kopantsoeng le li-thickeners tse ling ka bongata bo ka bang 8 g / kg. Ntle le moo, agar e sebelisetsoa ho khantša lero.

Agar ha e na kotsi 'meleng oa motho. Ts'ebeliso ea eona e lumelletsoe linaheng tse ngata.

Karragen ("Moss oa Ireland"). Carrageenan e na le li-polysaccharides, 'me ka mokhoa oa letsoai la calcium, sodium kapa potasiamo, ke karolo ea algae e khubelu e fapaneng, e tsoang ho eona ka metsi.

Carrageen e sebelisoa indastering ea lijo e le moemeli oa li-gelling bakeng sa nama le litlhapi tsa jellies, jellies, puddings, hammoho le litholoana le meroho tse kahare ho 2-5 g / kg. E ka sebelisoa e le mokhoa o tsitsitseng le o emulsifier ho hlahiseng lino tse tahiloeng ka lebese ka bongata ba 200-300 mg / l. Ha u etsa ice cream, ho eketsoa ha carrageenan ho thibela ho etsoa ha likristale tse kholo tsa leqhoa.

Furcellaran ke ntho e ts'oanang le carrageenan e fumanoeng mefuteng e meng ea joang ba leoatle. E na le tšobotsi ea carrageenan. PSP ea carrageenan le furcellaran e thehiloe hofihlella e le 75 mg ka kilogerama e nang le boima ba lintho tse ommeng, tseo 2040% e leng sulfates.

Gum arabic ke polysaccharide e nang le D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-ramnose le D-glucuronic acid. E nts'oa mefuta ea acacia ea Afrika le ea Asia 'me e sebelisoa indastering ea lijo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea meroho e ka makotikoti, lisose, likhalase, jj. e le setsi sa botsitso le sekhohola. E ka sebelisoa ntle le tšitiso, empa ka ho sheba likarolo tsa mahlale a mefuta e meng ea meroho e ka makotikoting, ho khothaletsoa tlhahiso ea gum ea 10 g / kg.

ZHELATIN Gelatin ke polypeptide e kahare ntle le tatso le monko, e fumanoa masapong le letlalong la liphoofolo. Ha ho etsoa lihlahisoa tsa nama, gelatin e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa brawn, ham e khannoeng joalo-joalo. Ka indasteri ea ho ts'oasa lihlapi e sebelisetsoa ho hlophisa lisose tse sa tsoaneng le ho tlatsoa, indastering ea li-confectionery - bakeng sa ho etsa lijellies tsa litholoana, li-puddings, ice cream, chepisi. Ntle le moo, gelatin e sebelisetsoa ho hlakisa veine. Ho lihlahisoa tsa lijo, litekanyetso li na le li-gelatin ho tloha ho 8 ho isa ho 60 g / kg, ho latela mofuta le theknoloji ea tlhahiso. Ho latela litlhahiso tsa FAO-WHO, gelatin e sebelisoa ntle le lithibelo, empa ka nako e ts'oanang, litlhoko li etsoa bakeng sa bohloeki ba eona ba lik'hemik'hale le ba likokoana-hloko. Mohlala, litaba tsa molora ha lia lokela ho feta 3.5%, sirapo ea sulfuri - ho fihla ho 100-125 mg / kg.

Lichabeng tse ling, litlama tsa meroho li sebelisoa e le li-thickeners le li-emulsifiers - polysaccharides guaran, trailium, ka-raich gum, tsie ea linaoa le tse ling. Naheng ea rona, ha ba so fumane kopo.

Metsoako e na le masala a D-galactose, D-glucuronic acid, arabinose le rhamnose. Ke likarolo tsa mabota a sele.

Carob le guarana gum ke li-polysaccharides tsa peo (linaoa) tsa sefate sa carob Ceratonia siliqua, makhopho a tsona a tsejoang e le Tsaregradsky. Li-polysaccharides tsena li sebelisoa e le li-thickeners le emulsifiers. Li kenyelletsa haholo galactomannan (galactose le mannose).

Guaran ke polysaccharide galactomannon, empa galactose e tla pele ho eona. O nkiloe peo ea semela sa India sa Cyamopsis tetragonolobus. Ha ho na lithibelo ts'ebeliso ea eona.

Traganth (tragacanth) ke motsoako oa li-polysaccharides tse sa jeleng paate le tse nang le asiti tse nang le L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose le galacturic acid. Li ntšoa limela tsa mofuta oa linaleli tsa astragalus tse holang Middle East. E sebelisoa e le sehokelo sa ice cream le joalo ka sehokelo sa gel ho fihlela ho 20 g / kg.

Gum karaich ke leqeba la India. O nkiloe sefateng sa Sterculia, o hlahetse India.

Ha ua fumana seo u se batlang? Sebelisa patlo:

Gelatin e sebelisoa:

Ho tsa bongaka e le mohloli oa liprotheine bakeng sa kalafo ea mafu a fapaneng a ho ja,

· Ho pharmacology - bakeng sa tlhahiso ea likhabapo le li-supplement,

Khoebong ea lijo bakeng sa ho etsa lihlahisoa tsa confectionery - jelly, marmalade, jj.

Gelatin e boetse e sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea ice cream ho thibela crystallization ea tsoekere le ho fokotsa ho putlama ha protheine.

Gelatin e ommeng e omisitsoeng ha e na 'mala kapa e bobebe mosehla, ntle le tatso kapa monko. Ka metsing a batang le li-acid tse hlapollang, e ruruha ka matla, empa ha e qhibilihe. Swollen gelatin e qhibiliha ha e futhumetse, 'me e ba tharollo e kenang ka jelly.

Calorie Gelatin

Gelatin e jeoang e na le protheine e ngata, 'me likhalase tsa eona tsa khalori li 355 kcal ka g 100. Ts'ebeliso ea sehlahisoa sena ka bongata bo boholo e ka lebisa ponahalong ea liponto tse eketsehileng.

Ke ntho e matla haholo ea li-gelling. Ka thepa ea eona, e makhetlo a mashome a 'maloa e phahame ho feta gelatin e tloaelehileng.

Ke phofo e tšoeu e bosehla kapa poleiti. Agar agar ha e na metsi a mangata a batang. E qhibiliha ka ho felletseng feela ka mocheso o tsoang ho 95 ho isa ho 100 degrees. Tharollo e chesang e hlakile ebile e boreleli. Ha e koaheloa ho lithemparetjha tsa 35-40 ° C, e fetoha gel e hloekileng le e matla, e ka feto-fetohang. Ha e futhumetse ho 85-95 ° С, e boetse e fetoha tharollo ea metsi, e boetse e fetoha gel ka 3540 ° С.

Thickener "Bahlahisi-Bahahlauli"

Ke karolo e tlotsang, e holisang bakeng sa ho tlatsisoa ha litholoana, monokotsoai, li-bolokehi. E fuoa kalafo ea mocheso le ho bata.

sebopeho: tranelate ea limela, tsoekere, starch, (E 1414), motsoako oa gelling (E 450, E 440)

Mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso: thickener e eketsoa ka bongata ba 25% ho boima kaofela ba ho tlatsoa.

Mokhoa oa 1. Nka 1000 g. SOFT - BINTHA, 1000 g. Litholoana tse ncha kapa tse sa tsoa omisoa, tse 1000 g. tsoekere - kopanya tsohle, eketsa 2000 ml. metsi. Thuthusa.

Mokhoa oa 2. Nka compote e boima ba 3000 g, o arole lero ho litholoana, hlahisa 1000 g ea motsoako ka lero, kopanya. Emela hore motsoako o be botenya. Tšela monokotsoai ka har'a motsoako o felileng, hlohlelletsa, sebelisa joalokaha u laetsoe.

Mokhoa oa 3. Monokotsoai o omisitsoeng, eseng defrosting, beha ho tloha sephutheloana ka sekotong. Kopanya phofo le tsoekere haeba monokotsoai o le acidic (nka tsoekere ho phofo 1: 1), haeba o le monate (1: 0.5).

Ho tlatsoa ka Lemon: Lemon 1000g. + tsoekere 1000g. + zagustig. Metsi a 1500 ml.

Ho tlatsoa ha Orange: Orange 100g. + tsoekere 1000 g + zagustig. Metsi a 2000ml.

Tlatso ea Apple: apole 1200g. + Tsoekere 800g. + zagustig. Metsi a 2000ml.

Litholoana ka jelly: litholoana tse ka makotong (compote) 2 kg. + sirapo ea litholoana 1 kg + stabilizer tse 1 kg.

· Stuffing ho tloha morara o omisitsoeng, lialmonde: merara e halikiloeng le lialmonde 11,2 kg. + metsi 2l + thickener 1 kg.

Ho tlatsa chisi ea chisi: Case chisi (eng kapa eng e mafura) 500g. + lehe la 50 g. (1 pc.) + tsoekere 200 g. + stabilizer 100 - 150 g.

Ho lokisa litholoana tse tlatsoang, kha litholoana (lilamunu, liapole). Kenya tsoekere e tsoakiloeng pele le tsoekere. Kopanya boima bo hlahang ebe u sebelisa tlhahiso. Ho lokisa litholoana ka jelly, kopanya stabilizer le tsoekere ebe butle-butle o li eketsa ka metsi ka ho tsosa kapele. Butle-butle hlahisa mela ea liapole hang ha ts'ebetso ea ho fifala e qala. Bakeng sa ho tlatsoa ha nama, stabilizer e lokela ho tsoakoa pele le linaoa tsa bohobe ebe joalo ka mokhoa oa ho pheha.

TLHOKOMELISO: 100g. motsoako bakeng sa 300g. - 600g. tsoekere le 1000g. litholoana.

· Mokhoa o batang, ho pheha ka potlako.

· E habonolo e ajoa ka bongata ba tlatso, ka mokhoa o phethahetseng e e tiisa.

· Ponahalo ea litholoana le tatso ea tsona ea tlhaho li bolokiloe.

Ho tlatsa ho hanyetsa phekolo e batang le ea mocheso.

Ho paka: lebokose la karete le liner ea polasetiki.

Bophelo ba mahetla le maemo a polokelo - likhoeli tse 12 sebakeng se pholileng, se omileng.

Lihlahisoa tse tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-confectionery

Lintho tse sebelisoang ho etsa lihlahisoa tsa confectionery li ka aroloa ho mantlha le tse peli. Lintho tse ka sehloohong tse tala li theha sebopeho se itseng sa lihlahisoa tsa confectionery ka thepa e hlokahalang ea mochini le rheological. Lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong ke tsoekere, mollu, linaoa tsa cocoa, linate, litholoana le melee e se e felile, phofo ea koro, starch, mafura, e etsang 90% ea lisebelisoa tsohle tse sebelisitsoeng.

Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlatsetso, ntle le ho fetola thepa ea bona ea rheological, li fa piquancy lihlahisoa tsa confectionery, ponahalo ea botle bo ntlafatsang sebopeho, eketsa bophelo ba sethala. Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlatsetso li kenyelletsa li-gelatiners, li-acid tsa lijo le dae, tatso, li-emulsifiers, li-foamer, tse fanang ka litlolo, lisebelisoa tse bolokang mongobo, jj.

1.1. Li-thickeners le li-gelling agents

Li-thickeners le li-gelling, ke lintho tse sebelisoang ka bongata bo eketsang ponahalo ea lihlahisoa tsa lijo, ho theha sebopeho sa jelly-lihlahisoa tse nang le lipompong tse nang le jelly, hape se tiisa sebopeho sa foamy sa lihlahisoa tsa pastel, linyeoe tsa lipompong.Karohano e hlakileng pakeng tsa li-thickeners le li-gellants ha e khonehe kamehla, kaha ho na le lintho tse nang le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa thepa ea li-thickeners le thepa ea li-gellants. Li-thickeners tse ling li ka etsa li-gels tse matla tlas'a maemo a itseng.

Li-Thickeners li kenyelletsa: starch e fetotsoeng, carboxymethyl cellulose E466, locum bean gum E410, guar gum E412, xanthan gum E415, Arabia Arabia gum E414. Lihlahisoa tsena ke lintho tse nang le tekanyo e phahameng haholo ea metsi a tlamang, li-hydrocolloids tse nang le phello e matla ea botsitso le maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebetso ea botsitso. Li-Gelling agents: agar-agar E406, gelatin ea liphoofolo, carrageenan E407, pectin E440, sodium alginate E401. Lintho tsena le tsona ke li-hydrocolloids tse telele tsa polymer, li na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea li-gelling, li feta mosebetsi oa tsona o tiileng, hape li na le boemo bo fapaneng ba ts'ebetso ea botsitso.

Li-thickeners tse ngata le li-gelling agents ke li-polysaccharides. Mokhelo ke gelatin ea gelatin e nang le mofuta oa protheine.

Karolelano ea li-polysaccharides le thepa ea li-thickeners le li-gelling ho latela mohloli oa pula li bontšoa ho sa feiga. 1.

Pectins E 440 ke sehlopha sa li-polysaccharides tse phahameng tsa boima ba limolek'hule tse etsang marako a lisele le sebopeho sa li-cellellular hammoho le selulose, hemicellulose le lignin. Li-pectin ke likhoele tsa limela tse jang lijo le tse tlotsang lihlahisoa tse nang le chefo ea "metabolic", "radionuclides", masenke a boima, chefo e tsoang 'meleng, li etsa hore tšebetso ea phepelo ea gastrointestinal e sebetse hantle,' me e fokotse tsoekere ea mali.

Pectin e ngata haholo e fumanoa lijalong tsa litholoana le motso. Ka indasteri ea lijo, pectin e fumanoa ho tloha pomace ea apole, ho tsoa ho makhapetla a li-beet le libaskete tsa soneblomo. Li-pectins tsa li-citrus li hlahisoa ho tsoa litholoana tse halikiloeng tsa lamunu: lilamunu, lilamunu, jj.

Lintho tsa pectic li kenyelletsa: li-pectic acid - masala a galacturonic acid a hokahantsoeng ke litlamo tse telele tsa 1,4-glycosidic ka liketane tse telele, li qhibilihile hanyane ka hanyane ka metsing, ha li na bokhoni ba ho theha li-gel, li-pectic acid ke lithaelese tsa pectic. karolo e nyane ea lihlopha tsa carboxyl e netefalitsoe ka joala ba methyl, li-pectinate ke letsoai la li-pectic acid, protopectin ke li-pectic acid, moo karolo e kholo ea lihlopha tsa carboxyl e netefatsoang ka joala ba methyl. Ke protopectin e nang le bokhoni ba ho koenya.

Bokhoni ba ho theha li-pectin ka li-gel ho latela boima ba limolek'hule (likete tse 20 - tse likete tse 50), hammoho le palo ea lihlopha tsa methyl tse etsang molek'hule, le litaba tsa lihlopha tsa mahala tsa li-carboxyl le ho nkeloa sebaka ka tšepe. Ho latela boholo ba litekanyetso tsa lihlopha tsa li-carboxyl, li-pectin tse tlase haholo le tse nang le litšobotsi tse ngata li ka khetholloa, tse fumanoang ho fepa ka mohlomong ka acid kapa alkaline, kapa ka enzymatic cleavage. Li-pectin tse ntle ka ho fetisisa li fumaneha peel ea litholoana le liapole, 'me li-pectins tse tsoang ho makhapetla a li-beet ha li boleng bo tlase.

Pectin e matlafalitsoeng haholo (haholo methoxylated) e sebelisoa indastering ea li-confectionery haholo-holo bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha lihlahisoa tsa litholoana (marmalade, marshmallows, jellies, jams), tse natefisitsoeng ka likarolo tsa litholoana tsa tlhaho kapa litatso tsa maiketsetso. Pectin e nang le likarolo tse ngata tsa lihlopha tsa methoxy ke sethala se setle sa li-confectionery tsa foamy: li-pastilles, marshmallows, maselope a pipi a shapuoeng.

Li-pectin tse netefalitsoeng haholo li sebelisoa e le ntho e etsang bokahohle ho hlahiseng juisi ea litholoana, ice cream, tlhapi e thuntsoeng le may mayise.

Ho sebelisoa li-pectin tse fokolang haholo ha ho etsoa meropa le jellies, litholoana le jellies. Mofuta ona oa pectin, o sa hlokeng ho kenyelletsoa ha acid bakeng sa gelation, o sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa jelly le ho tlatsa (mohlala, lihlahisoa tsa koena kapa tatso ea sinamone), moo palo e tlase ea pH e hlokahalang bakeng sa gelation ea pectin e nang le methoxylated e ngata e sa amohelehe. Pectin e tlase e kenyellelitsoeng (low methoxylated) ha e tebile, e ka fetisa leseli la thixotropic ho tlatsa confectionery. Ka likhakanyo tse phahameng, li-gelation tse batang li ka fumaneha haeba ho kenella ka calcium ions ho tlatseng ho etsahala.

Bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa jelly confectionery tsa assortment tse fapaneng, tšebeliso ea pectin e tloha ho 8 kg bakeng sa lamunu ho isa ho 26 kg bakeng sa beet pectin ka thane e le ngoe ea sehlahisoa se felileng.

Ha ho bapisoa le li-ejelling tse ling tse sebelisoang hangata bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha lihlahisoa tsa confectionery, pectin e hloka hore lipalo tsa sebopeho le tlhahiso li lateloe ka tieo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, pectin e fana ka melemo e joalo ka sebopeho se setle haholo le tatso molomong, ho feta moo, pectin, ka lebaka la bong bo potlakileng le bo laoloang ke marang-rang, e na le molemo oa ho e sebelisa morerong oa saense o tsoelang pele oa theknoloji.

Marakeng oa lihlahisoa tse tala bakeng sa indasteri ea confectionery, mefuta e fapaneng ea pectin ea lifeme tsa tlhahiso ea kantle e emeloa haholo. Hoo e ka bang 80% ea pectin ea kantle ke pectin e tsoang litholoana tse ngata tsa lamunu tse nang le litholoana tse ngata. Mohlahisi ea ka sehloohong oa citrus pectin ke k'hamphani ea Amerika Gercules Inc. ho ba le lithuso tse ka bang 150 linaheng tse fapaneng tsa lefatše. Lesela le leholo la khoebo Kopenhagen pectin (Denmark) le hlahisa mefuta e ka bang 20 ea li-pectin le mofuta oa GENU bakeng sa libaka tse fapaneng tsa indasteri ea lijo. Apple pectin e hlahisoa haholo England, Fora, Austria, Switzerland, Jeremane, Mexico, Italy. Lifeme tse kholo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea pectin e omisitsoeng ea pectin ke Grill & Grossman, Grinstedt, Herbsrtreit & Fox KG, Cesalpina.

Gelatin (ho tloha hamorao. gelatus - leqhoa, leqhoa) - sehlahisoa sa protheine, e leng motsoako oa polypeptides ea mela e nang le boima bo fapaneng ba limolek'hule tsa tlhaho ea liphoofolo. Gelatin e entsoe ka masapo, tendon, lefufuru le lintho tse ling ka ho pheha nako e telele ka metsi. Tabeng ena, collagen, eo e leng karolo ea lisele tse sebetsanang, e fetela ho glutin. Tharollo e hlahisitsoeng e ile ea hlakoloa, ea hlakisoa le ho koaheloa ka jelly, e ileng ea khaoloa likoto 'me ea omisoa. Hlahisa sheetatinatin le e sithabetseng.

Gelatin e omelletseng - ha e na tatso, ha e monya, e pepesehile, e batla e se na 'mala kapa e sobile hanyane. Ka metsing a batang le li-acid tse hlapollang, e ruruha ka matla, empa ha e qhibilihe. Ha e futhumetse, gelatin e ruruhileng ea qhibiliha, ebe e ba le tharollo e khomarelang e tiisang ka jareteng.

Gelatin e sebelisoa haholo ho hlahiseng jelly, brawn, ice cream, bakeng sa tlhahiso ea jelly, marmalade le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa confectionery, hammoho le ho pheha. Ntle le moo, e sebelisoa ho mahlale a thekiso ea biri le veine bakeng sa ho hlakisoa ha bona. Litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa gelatin ke 0.5-8% ka boima ba sehlahisoa. Ka indasteri ea lijo, ho sebelisoa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-gelatin, e leng mofuta oa sehlahisoa le likarolo tsa mahlale a tlhahiso ea tsona.

Setlolo se fetotsoeng. Mokhoa oa gelling oa starch o nka nako e telele, 'me o sebelisetsoa tlhahiso ea linyeoe tsa lipompo tsa jelly. Setlolo se fetotsoeng se sebelisoa likhoebong tse nyane, kaha se hloka metsi a mangata (makhetlo a 10-12) bakeng sa kaho ea jelly, e tlameha ebe e tlosoa. Setsi sa Patlisiso ea Saense ea indasteri ea Confectionery se hlahisitse tlhahiso ea setlolo sa pea se fetotsoeng. Li-sweets tse entsoeng ka ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tse tala tsa pea ha li tšoane ho hang ka litlolo tsa setso (tse hlahisitsoeng ka agar) ha li latsoe, 'mala, kapa monko. Ka nako e ts'oanang, theko ea thepa ea Serussia e tlase ka makhetlo a 20 ho feta kantle ho naha.

Carboxymethyl selulose (CMC), kapa CMC letsoai la sodium, le sebelisoa e le stabilizer bakeng sa ho feto-fetoha. Sehlahisoa se hloekileng ke granule e tšoeu kapa e bolila ka tranelate kapa phofo e nang le lero la tlhaho, e se nang monko, e tsitsitseng, e qhibilihang ka metsing ebile ha e na acid, methyl joala, ethanol, benzene, chloroform le tse ling tse qhibilihang ka bongata. CMC ha e pepesetsoe oli ea liphoofolo kapa ea meroho e khanyang.

Carboxymethyl cellulose e sebelisoa indastering ea lijo e fokolang feela. E sebelisoa ha ho etsoa ice cream, confectionery (jelly, mousse, marmalade, jeme, litholoana le melee ea monokotšoai, tranelate, bijoux, paseke, paseka), lisosa le lihlahisoa tsa nama, ke karolo ea lihlahisoa tsa kapuli le li-tablet.

Melemo ea CMC ho feta li-stabilizer tse ling ke ts'ebetso ea eona maemong a tlase, bokhoni ba ho ntlafatsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ka mokhoa o fokotsang tšusumetso ea phapang ea motlakase, ho ikamahanya ka botlalo le likarolo tsohle tsa lihlahisoa, ho kenyelletsa le li-hydrocolloids tse ling.

CMC e na le litšobotsi tse latelang:

e qhibilihang habonolo ka metsing, e kenya letsoho ho matlafatsang litharollo tsohle tse nang le metsi,
pono e sa fetoheng halelele,
e tshwere metsi
E na le thepa e tsitsitseng le e tlamang.
e bontša phello ea synergism le li-protein biopolymers (casein, soy protein),
e etsa filimi e hlakileng le e tšoarellang,
e sa kenelle ka har'a manyolo a manyolo, mafura le mafura, a se nang monko ebile ha a utloe bohloko, 'meleng ha a kotsi ebile a tsejoa e le tlatsetso ea lijo e bolokehileng.

Khamphani e ruuoang "Giord" e hlahisa mefuta e mengata ea tlatsetso ea lijo e sebelisang CMC: "Blanose", "Aquabisorb A-500", "Stabilan SM" - letsoai la sodium ea carboxymethyl cellulose (E 466).

"Aquaborz" e na le bokhoni bo eketsehileng ba ho boloka metsi: karolo e 'ngoe ea eona e khona ho tlama likarolo tse 100 tsa metsi. Lintho tsena tsa tlatsetso ha li fumane ts'ebeliso ea tsona eseng feela ka har'a likarolo tsa hlama, li ka sebelisoa hape ka mokhoa o phethahetseng bakeng sa ho omella le ho hanyetsa mocheso oa litholoana tse tlatsitsoeng, ho thibela tsoekere e koahelang 'mala oa chokolete, ho tsitsisa meringues le marshmallows.

Ho sebelisa "Stabilan" ho u lumella ho:

fumana sehlahisoa se nang le maemo a lekanang, ho kenyeletsoa ntle le tsoekere kapa tsoekere e tlase,
boloka sebopeho le ponahalo ea sehlahisoa se felileng nakong ea polokelo,
Qoba karohano ea mongobo.

Mefuta e meng le e meng e tsoang ka ntle. Li-carbohydrate tse ka sehloohong ka algae e khubelu ke li-polysaccharides, tse tšoanang ka sebopeho le amylopectin. Sehlopha sa bo-rasaense ba tsoang Norway, USA le Russia se rerile hore ho ngolisoe lebitso le lecha bakeng sa li-polysaccharides tsa mebala e fapaneng ea bofubelu. Li-polysaccharides tse nang le masalla a D-galactose feela li ne li bitsoa li-carrageenans, 'me tse nang le L-galactose e le li-agaranes. Haeba e 'ngoe ea masala a galactose a kenngoa ka har'a li-polysaccharides bakeng sa masala a 3,6-anhydrogalactose, mabitso a tla nkeloa sebaka ke "carraginose" le "agarose", ka ho latellana. Agaroses e kenyelletsa agar agar le agaroid.

Agar-agar e fumanoa ho tsoa lintseng tsa leoatle tse turang haholo (anfelcium, helidium, gracillaria, eucheum). Morao koana lilemong tsa bo-1990. Russia, tlhahiso ea botala ea agar-agar e ile ea emisoa, eo hajoale e batlang e rekiloe kantle ho naha.

Baetsi ba mantlha ba li-agar-agar ke lik'hamphani tse latelang: Volf & Olsen, Algas Marinas SA, B & V, Setexam, Licimpex Consfitgenisa le khamphani ea kantle ho naha, joalo-joalo. Phepelo ea mantlha ea agar-agar e tsoa linaheng tse kang Jeremane, Chile, Spain, Italy , Morocco, China, jj.

Agar ke moemeli ea matla ka ho fetisisa oa gelling. Bokhoni ba agar ho jelly e ea fokotseha ha e futhumatsoa boteng ba asiti. Tharollo ea metsi a agar e theha li-jellies holim 'a pholileng ho isa ho 45 ° C. Sebaka se qhibilihang sa jase ea metsi ke 80-90 ° C. Agar e sebelisoa indastering ea confectionery ho hlahiseng marmalade, jelly, ha ho etsoa nama le jellies ea litlhapi, ho etseng ice cream, moo e thibelang ho etsoa ha likristale tsa leqhoa, hammoho le ho hlakisoa ha lino. Li-jellies tse lokiselitsoeng motheong oa agar-agar, ho fapana le li-agents tse ling tsohle tse etsang li-gel, li tšoauoa ka ho phatloha ha khalase.

Ts'ebeliso ea agar indastering ea lijo ha e lekanyetsoe, 'me palo ea eona e eketsoang ka lihlahisoa tsa lijo e khethoa ke mekhoa le litekanyetso tsa lihlahisoa tsena.

Tekanyetso e lekantsoeng ho confectionery ke 1-1.2% ka boima ba sehlahisoa se felileng. Ho ipapisitse le se ka hare ho ntho ea mantlha, matla a gelling, kapa matla a gel (mahloriso a 1.5%), a ka fapana ho tloha 500 ho isa ho 930 g / cm ka 20 ° C ho latela Nikon. Bokhoni ba ho hlapa bo hlahisa mofuta oa agar: 600, 700, 800, 900.

Agaroid (agar e ntšo ea Leoatle le Letšo) e fumanoa mochesong oa limela tsa phylloflora tse holang Leoatleng le Letšo. Joalo ka agar, agaroid ha e qhibilihe habonolo ka metsing a batang, e ba tharollo ea metsi a mangata a chesang, holim'a pholileng eo jelly ea eona e sa fetoheng e sa fetoheng. Bokhoni ba ho etsa li-agaroid ka makhetlo a 2-3 ka tlase ho feta a agar.

Li-jellies tse fumanoeng li sebelisa agaroid li na nako e telele ebile ha li na sebopeho se atamelaneng sa agar. Mocheso oa li-jelly ho agaroid o phahameng haholo ho feta oa jelly e lokiselitsoeng ho sebelisa agar. Agaroid e boetse e theha li-jellies tse nang le matla a fokolang a ho boloka metsi, ka hona, e na le ho hanyetsa ho omella le ho tsoekere. Ka indasteri ea lijo, agaroid e fumana tšebeliso e tšoanang le agar.

Li-Carrageenans li fumanoa ka likhalase tsa metsi mefuteng e 'maloa ea li-algae tse khubelu. Ts'ebeliso e pharalletseng ea li-carrageenans khoebong ea lijo ke ka lebaka la thepa ea bona e tsitsitseng ea ho tsitsisa le ho ts'oara, ba thusa ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa sehlahisoa, ba eketsa tlhahiso ea sehlahisoa se felileng, ba fana ka maemo a phahameng le ho tiisetsa, ho hanyetsa li-syneresis. Mefuta ena ea li-carrageenans e li lumella hore li sebelisoe ha ho etsoa soseji tse phehiloeng, lisoseji le lisoseji, lisoseji tsa ham, lihlahisoa tsa mesifa kaofela ho tloha nama ea kolobe le nama ea khomo. Ho latela mofuta oa lihlahisoa tse tala, sebopeho sa sehlahisoa se hlahisoang, karolelano ea mesifa, mafura le lithane tse amehang, boemo ba ts'ebeliso ea metsoako e seng nama, litekanyetso tsa carrageenans lihlahisoa tsa nama e ka ba 0,2-2 kg ka 100 kg ea lihlahisoa tse sa lomosoang.

Li-Carrageenans li sebelisoa haholo e le sejoale-joale ha ho lokisoa li-puddings le li-yogurts tsa litholoana, li-margarine tsa lijo le ice cream ea ice cream. Carrageenans e hlakisa biri le linama tse sa keneng, li e eketsa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng: ka lijo tsa katse le tsa lintja, li-cachets tsa pilisi, sesepa sa ntloaneng le shampoo. Li-Carrageenans li fetola linooa lino-mapholi kapa lijellies tse hlakileng 'me li fane ka lino tse tsoekere tsa chokolete. Ntle le moo, ka lebaka la li-carrageenans, ha re bone likristale tsa leqhoa ho lihlahisoa tsa lehloa. Ho la USA le Asia Boroa-bochabela, ntho ena e eketsoa ka lischnitzels le li-steaks ho etsa hore sengoathoana sa nama se bonahale se le lerootho, e le moea. Ho ba teng ha li-carrageenans lijong ho bontšoa ke letšoao la "E407" le fumanehang ka har'a polaka.

Mofuta oa mohloa o ama mofuta le thepa ea carrageenan e hlahang, e itšetlehileng ka litaba tsa polysaccharides.

Carrageenan, e nkiloeng ho red alga Eucheuma cottonii, e etselitsoe ho sebelisoa e le moemeli oa li-gelling lijong tsa jelly tse metsi. Mofuta ona oa carrageenan o fana ka tharollo e hloekileng ea colloidal, e etsa gel e pepeneneng 'me e ka etsa gel e pherese e nang le chepisi ea litsie.

E boetse e sebelisoa indastering ea ho lokisa nama, e eketsa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa nama tse felileng.

Carrageenan e boetse e fumaneha ho tsoa ho moss ea Ireland (chondrus) - Chundrus crispus (L.), e hola lebopong le ka leboea-bophirima ho Ireland le seterekeng sa US sa Massachusetts. Ireland, ho mela ho kotula ka hoetla, le Amerika lehlabula. Mabapi le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, chondrus e haufi le agar mme e na le 55-80% ea carrageenan polysaccharides.Tse ka sehloohong ke a-, b- le g-carrageenans, tse fapaneng ka bongata ba 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose. Ntle le moo, moss ea Ireland, kapa chondrus, e na le protheine e ka bang 10%, e na le matsoai a halogen (iodine, bromine, chlorine), calcium carbonate. Karolo ea boriba ba Ireland, ho fapana le agar, ke sirapo ea eona e phahameng.

Ho tsoa ho Baltic algae, furcellaria e fumana carrageenan e bitsoang furcellaran. Mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa furcellaran o ts'oana le mokhoa oa carrageenans. Le ha furcellaran e na le sebabole se fokolang, e tšoauoa ka thepa eohle e fumanehang ho carrageenan. Matla a jelly furcellaran a tlase ho feta a agar, empa a maholo ho feta a agaroid.

Ho hlahisoa ha li-carrageenans e le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa phepo ea bongaka, lijo le liindasteri tse ling ho hlahisoa haholo USA, Fora, Canada, Engelane, Sweden, Norway, Ireland, Portugal, Philippines le linaheng tse ling. Ts'ebeliso ea lefats'e ea li-carrageenans e feta lithane tse 14,000 ka selemo mme e ntse e eketseha ka 1-3% selemo le selemo.

Tlhahiso ea Agaroid naheng ea pele ea USSR e thehiloe linaheng tsa Baltic le Ukraine. Furcellaria le phyllophores ba e ntšitse mohaleng o mofubelu. Mabapi le ho arohanngoa ho hoholo hoa libaka tsa Baltic le Black Sea ho tloha Russia, naha e ile ea lahleheloa ke mehloli ena ea lisebelisoa tse tala. E mong oa barekisi ba ka sehloohong ba furcellaran ho la Russian Federation ke k'hamphani ea Estonia ea Est-Agar. Bochabela bo Hare le Leoatleng le Letšo, ho entsoe tšebetso ea anfelia le tlhahiso ea agar-agar ho eona. Bakeng sa merero e ts'oanang, Primorye e ka boroa, gracillaria e kenngoeng ka har'a marika e sebelisoa. Ka lilemo tse 'maloa, ho entsoe boiteko ba ho theha tokollo ea li-carrageenans ho chondrus prickly, empa tlhahiso ea eona e batla e le sieo.

Agar-agar, carrageenans le pectin ke lisebelisoa tse tšoanang tsa phepo e nepahetseng, empa li na le moeli o fapaneng. Ka lebaka la bokhoni bo tlase ba li-carling tsa carrageenans le pectins, ho hlokahala makhetlo a 'maloa bakeng sa ho fumana sehlahisoa sa confectionery ka thepa e reriloeng pele ho feta agar agar.

Alginates. Ho li-polysaccharides tsohle tse fumanoeng ho tsoa ho lekhala, karolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa e baloa ke alginates - sodium, potasiamo, letsoai la khalsiamo ea alginic acid, e nkiloeng ho tloha algae e sootho. Tlhokahalo e phahameng ea li-alginates e hlalosoa ke hore li sebelisoa haholo indastering le liindastering tse ngata. Alginates ke polysaccharide e nang le masala a D-mannuronic le L-guluronic acids. Alginates li ithutile ho batho. Ka lebaka la lithuto, ha ho phello e mpe ea li-alginate mabapi le ho monya calcium ho tsoa lijong. Ho latela litsebi tsa FAO / WHO, mokhoa o lumellehang oa ho ja li-alginate ka mehla o fihla ho 50 mg ka kilo e le 'ngoe ea boima ba' mele oa motho, e phahameng haholo ho feta tekanyo e ka kenang le lijo.

Thepa ea mantlha ea li-alginates ke bokhoni ba ho theha tharollo e matla ea colloidal e hananang le acid. Litharollo tsa Alginate ha li na tatso, li batla li se na 'mala ebile ha li na monko. Ha li futsanehe ha li futhumala le ho boloka thepa ea tsona e le pholile, ha e se e le mariha ebile e boetse e le defrosting. Ka hona, li-alginate li sebelisoa ka bongata indastering ea lijo e le ho etsa li-gel, ho etsa li-gelling, ho emella, ho tiisa le ho boloka likarolo tsa mongobo.

E kenyelletsa sodium alginate ka li-sosexe, mayonnaise, litlolo li ntlafatsa ho shapa ha tsona, ho ts'oana, botsitso ba polokelo le ho sireletsa lihlahisoa tsena ho delamination. Ho kenngoa ha sodium alginate ea 0.1-0.15% ka jeme le jams ho ba sireletsa ho tsoekere. Alginates e kenngoa li-marmalade, jellies le lijana tse fapaneng tsa jellies. Ho tlatsetsa ha bona ho tlisong ea lino tse fapaneng ho thibela pula. Sodium alginate e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le moemeli oa maru ho hlahiseng lino tse bonolo. Dry algorate e omisitsoeng e sebelisoa ho potlakisa ho felisoa ha lijo tse omisitsoeng tse tsoakiloeng le tse halikiloeng (kofi ea hang-hang le tee, lebese le nang le phofo, jelly, jj.). Alginates e sebelisoa ho lokisa lihlahisoa tse bopehileng - li-analogu tsa li-fillet tsa lihlapi, litholoana, joalo-joalo, li sebelisoa haholo ho hlophisoa ha likhalase tsa granular tse nang le lihlahisoa tsa lijo tsa mokelikeli. Litharollo tse metsi tsa letsoai la alginic acid li sebelisetsoa ho hoamisa li-fillets tsa nama, lihlapi le li-invertebrates tsa metsing. Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, tšebeliso ea alginate bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha ice cream e holile ka potlako haholo, moo e fanang ka sebopeho se bobebe mme e eketsa haholo botsitso ba polokelo.

Ntle le indasteri ea lijo, li-alginate li sebelisoa haholo ho tsa bongaka, masela, makhasi le pampiri, meepo le liindasteri tse ling. Ka indasteri ea litlama, alginic acid le letsoai la eona li sebelisoa e le ntho e sebelisang gluing le ntho e senyehang ha ho etsoa matlapa, dragees, lipilisi. Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba li-alginate ho monya makhetlo a 200-300 palo ea metsi ka sebopeho sa li-gels tse tsitsitseng tse sa boneng tatso, 'mala le monko, li sebelisoa e le metheo ea likarolo tsa litlolo tse fapaneng le li-pastes. Li-gels tsa Alginic li boetse li sebelisoa e le bakuli ba lithibela-mafu le lithethefatsi tse ling.

E 'ngoe ea thepa ea bohlokoahali le e ts'episang ea li-soluble alginates ke bokhoni ba tsona ba ho liehisa ho kenngoa ha radioactive strontium ka mpeng ea motho, ka tsela eo ho thibela ho bokelloa ha radionuclide ena' meleng. Li boetse li thibela ho bokellana ha letsoai la tšepe tse boima. Ho ipapisitsoe le alginate, ho ile ha etsoa sesebelisoa se apereng - algipore, eo hammoho le thepa e nkang mongobo le pholiso ea leqeba, e nang le phello e boletsoeng ka ho hlaka ea antiseptic. Mabapi le sena, algipor e ka sebelisoa kalafo ea maqeba a bulehileng a tebileng a hlahang ka ho chesa le likotsi tsa radiation.

Hajoale, litokisetso tse ling tsa kantle le tsa malapeng li sebelisoa ka bongata. Li na le thepa ea immunostimulating le hepatoprotential, k'holeseterole e tlase ea mali le lipids, li khona ho susumetsa hematopoiesis, li na le litlamorao tsa prosylic le oncological. E tsejoang ka ho fetisisa e ne e le sethethefatsi sa lapeng Klamin, e hlahisitsoeng ho tsoa karolong ea lipid ea almaria ea almaria.

Alginates e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea masela le ea pampiri. Indastering ea masela, li sebelisoa bakeng sa dae e boima, hape e nka sebaka sa mokhoa oa starch ha siling yarn. Libaka tse ts'episang ts'ebeliso ea li-alginate li kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso ea tsona ho hlahiseng likhoele tsa maiketsetso tse matla le tse tenyetsehang habonolo le masela a sa keneleng metsi.

Khoebong ea makhapetla le pampiri, li-alginate li sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo e ka holimo ea karete ea likarete le limaraka tse khethehileng tsa pampiri bakeng sa litheipi tse emisitsoeng, hammoho le pampiri e koahelang filimi. Alginates e boetse e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lifilimi tse khabisitsoeng ka lamede bakeng sa ho roala li-chipboards.

Naheng ea Rashea, tlhahiso ea liindasteri ea li-alginates e thehiloe semeleng sa tlhahlobo sa alkhatelsk sa Arkhangelsk. Ho fihlela haufinyane tjena, tlhahiso ea alginate ea lijo e ne e le lithane tse 35 ka selemo (0.6% ea tlhoko e teng), le botekgeniki - hoo e ka bang lithane tse 150 ka selemo (hoo e ka bang 3% ea tlhoko). Tlhahiso ena e ipapisitse le ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tse tala tse tsoang ho Li-White le Barents Seas, tse fumanehang hajoale li sa khotsofatseng litlhoko tsa lona mme li hlahisoa ka mokhoa o fokolang ka ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa lehae tsa naha le lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle naheng.

Ha ho na tlhahiso ea indasteri ea li-alginate Bochabela bo Hare, leha kaho ea semela sa alginate ho Partizansk, Primorsky Territory e qalile. Ho theoha ka kakaretso ha nts'etsopele ea moruo ka har'a naha ha hoa ka ha lumella ho kengoa ts'ebetsong ha morero ona ka botlalo. Hajoale, litsi tse 'maloa tsa lipatlisiso tsa Setsi sa Saense li thehile tlhahiso ea laboratori ea li-alginate le ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse nyane tsa lihlahisoa. Ho fumana li-alginates, kelp ea Japane e sebelisoa, eo ho eona ho ngoloa litokomane tsohle tse teng hona joale tsa taolo le tsa botekgeniki, le mefuta e meng e meng ea li-algae tse sootho.

Makhopho. Gum, kapa marenene (ho tsoa ho Greek. Kommidion, kommi), ke lipolanete tse qhibilihang ka metsing kapa li-polymers tse fetolehang tsa monosaccharides ho eona - tsoekere, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid.

Bokooa bo ka aroloa ka mokhoa o fapaneng ka mefuta e meraro ho latela sebopeho: li-exudates (li-resins tse patiloeng ke limela), li-hydrocolloids tsa peo tse fapaneng, li-biosynthetic colloids - li-polysaccharides tsa li-microorganisms, haholo-holo, tse bokelitsoeng mohloling oa setso, lits'oaetso tse fumanoeng ka phetoho ea li-polysaccharides tsa tlhaho ea tlhaho (mohlala, fiber, starch )

Li-exudates ke lero le phallang ho tsoa mefuteng e meng ea sefate nakong ea selemo, lero lena le boreleli, le hlakile, ha le na tatso, le ntse le thatafala moeeng. Gum e fumanoa ka mokhoa oa likotoana tsa boholo bo fapaneng, bo sithabetseng habonolo hore e be phofo e tšoeu ea lerole. Glue ea Cherry e bitsoa gum, e tsoa lifateng tse ling tsa litholoana: plums, cherries, e lefifi ka 'mala. Bohloeki ke letsoai la li-acid tsa polyuronic, li qhibiliha ka metsing, li etsa litharollo tsa viscous le tse khang, likubu tse ling ha li qhale ka botlalo ka metsing, empa li ruruhile feela. Exudates kenyeletsa gum arabic, karaya, trakaily, gatti.

Li-hydrocolloids tsa peo li boetse li bitsoa galactomaniae, hobane meaho ea tsona ea polysaccharide e na le masalela a mannose a hokahantsoeng ke litlamo tsa b-1,4, tseo karolo ea eona e setseng ea galactose e kopantsoeng ke li-bond tse 1,6. Li-galactomannan tse ngata ha li senyehe ka mpeng ea mafu a ka mpeng, ka hona, ke litlatsetso tse se nang kotsi tsa phepo. Boemo ba litaba tsa bona lihlahisoa tsa lijo bo thehiloe ke mesebetsi ea mahlale ebile bo laoloa ke litaelo tsa mahlale. Hoo e batlang e le mokhelo ke karaya gum, eo maemo a eona a kenyelletsoeng indastering ea lijo e thehiloeng (ho tloha ho 5.0 g / kg ho chewing gum, likhalase, glazes le ho fihlela ho 10,0 g / kg ka lisosetsong tse emisitsoeng.

Gum arabic, kapa gum ea Arabia (Gummi arabicum), e bokelloa ho tsoa mapetsong a tlhaho kapa ho tsoa ho likhakanyo tsa Senegalese acacia (acacia senegal L.) kapa acacia seyal, hammoho le mefuta e meng e amanang le acacia, mefuta e metle ka ho fetesisa e fumanoa ka ho ts'oaroa ha lifate tse lemiloeng tse lilemo li tšeletseng. Gum arabic ke ea khale le e tsebahalang haholo ho li-hydrocolloid tsohle tse fumanoeng lilemo tse fetang likete tse 5 tse fetileng ke Baegepeta ba khale. Lentsoe "Gummi" ("gummy") le tsoa lebitsong la khale la Baegepeta bakeng sa sehlahisoa sena ke "Kami". Kajeno, lentsoe "gummy" le bolela likhahla tsohle.

Gum arabic e na le sehlahisoa arabin. Arabin butle-butle empa ka ho phethahetseng e qhibiliha habeli palo ea metsi a batang, ebe e etsa mokelikeli o mongata o thata, e leng moemeli ea hloahloa le o etsang boka. Ho acid hydrolysis, arabin (calcium, potasiamo, salate ea magnesium ea arabinic acid) e arotsoe ka arabinose, galactose, rhamnose le glucuronic acid.

Bakeng sa ts'ebeliso liindastering tsa lijo le tsa meriana, exudate kamora hore e siloa e hloekisoa ka ho qhala ka ho qhala ka metsing, ho li lokisa le ho li theola pele ebe li omisoa ka ho phumula. Sehlahisoa se hlahisoang ha se chefo, se qhibiliha habonolo ka metsing, ha se na mebala, ha se na tatso le monko o boletsoeng, 'me, ka ho fetisisa, ha se sokolle tatso le monko oa sistimi ea lijo.

Tataiso ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea ho sebelisa gum arabic ke ho fumana marang-rang a tsoang ka lino-mapholi tse omisitsoeng bakeng sa lino. Motsoako o fumanoa ka motsoako oa ho omella oa spray ka oli ea meroho le gum arabic. Gum arabic e boetse e sebelisetsoa ho tsitsisa makhapetla a litholoana tsa maiketsetso ho hlahiseng lino tse tahiloeng tsa litholoana, hammoho le tlhahiso ea biri. Foer foam, kapa "cap", ke e 'ngoe ea thepa ea mantlha ea sehlahisoa sena se amang tlhoko ea bareki ba eona. Tekanyo ea foam e thehiloeng le nako eo e bolokiloeng ka eona e itšetlehile ka hore na khabone e tsoile ka nako e kae kamora ho tšolloa ha biri, palo le mofuta oa protheine ho eona. Mokokotlo oa carboxylate oa gum arabic, o sebelisana le lihlopha tsa amino tse qosoa tsa protheine ea biri, e tsitsisa foam mme e ama khokahano ea eona leboteng la khalase. Gum arabic e eketsoa ka biri kamora ts'ebetso ea belisoa pele ho tlholeho ho qala. Tharollo ea khatello ea gum arabic 0,1% e ka sebelisoa e le mokhoa o mong bakeng sa li-carrageenans bakeng sa ho hlakisa li-biri tse turang.

Litharollo tse nang le metso e tlase ea gum arabic li sebelisoa ha ho etsoa veine e khubelu ho tiisa 'mala.

Gum arabic e sebelisitsoe haholo e le thepa bakeng sa lintho tse bonoang ka bongata tsa lipophilic, ho kenyeletsoa le litatso, e leng lioli tsa bohlokoa tsa tlhaho. Ho fumana litatso ka mokhoa oa phofo e ngata ho re lumella ho rarolla bothata ba phepelo e tšoanang ea li-flavor tsa sistimi ea lijo (motsoako o omileng, nama e halikiloeng, liteko le chisi, joalo-joalo).

Gum arabic, e sebelisitsoeng indastering ea confectionery ka makholo a lilemo, e ntse e boloka botle ba eona ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang. Mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e entsoeng ke gum arabic ho etseng lihlahisoa tsa confectionery ke e latelang:

Ho thibela ho lla ha tsoekere,
ba etsa filimi e sireletsang ha e glazing,
ntlafatso ea sebopeho
emulsation ea mafura le ho ajoa ha eona ka mokhoa o ts'oanang sehlahisoa, mohloli oa phepo ea lijo.

Gum arabic e sebelisoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea ho roka, ho tloha linate tse koahelang le morara o omisitsoeng ho ea tsoekere, chokolete, yoghur le liaparo tsa ho qetela sehlahisoa se felileng, mme mekhoa efe kapa efe ea ts'ebetso ena e ka ntlafala kapa ea fokola ha o sebelisa gum arabic. Mesebetsi ea mantlha ea gum arabic sebopeho sa tharollo ea ho pelisoa ke e latelang: ho laola motsamao oa karoloana ea mafura, ho laola tšebetso ea metsi, ho thibela tsoekere, ho tlatsa likhalase tsa mmele sehlahisoa, ho ntlafatsa ponahalo ea sehlahisoa se felileng.

Gum arabic e sebelisoa ho hlafuna liswisi le lozenges ho thibela tsoekere le tsoekere hape e le karolo e tlamang ka bonngoe (mothating oa 10-45%) hape e kopantsoe le li-thickeners tse ling tse kang starch, gelatin, agar kapa pectin. Ho ipapisitsoe le tsitsipano ea mofuta, mofuta oa tsoekere e sebelisitsoeng le mongobo o setseng ka har'a confectionery, boleng ba lihlahisoa bo ka fetoloa ho tsoa ho liswiti tse bonolo tsa chewing ho li-pastilles tse tiileng.

Li-sweets tsa litholoana tsa setso li ne li entsoe ka mokhoa o ikhethileng motheong oa gum arabic, e fanang ka ho pepeseha ha sehlahisoa ha se bapisoa le li-hydrocolloids tse ling, ho ntlafatsa sebopeho le mekhabiso ea sona, ho eketsa ntlha ea eona ea ho qhibiliha le ho fokotsa ho khomarela foromo.

Gum arabic e etsa mesebetsi e mengata ho etsa chepisi: motsoako o mongata oa litatso, taolo ea ho bolokoa le ho lokisoa ha tatso, ntlafatso ea semelo, ho sheba lihlahisoa tse felileng.

Gum arabic e hanana le li-enzyme tsa mokokotlo oa motho mme e ka sebetsa e le mohloli oa phepelo ea lijo, e khotsofatsang tlhoko ea 'mele oa motho ea fiber.

Agrisales Ltd e hlahisa gum arabic e ntlafalitsoeng e ipapisitse le mefuta e meraro ea lisebelisoa tse tala tse fapaneng ka thepa ea 'mele: a) Agrigum HPS - e omisitsoeng, e khethiloeng ka ho khetheha (ka letsoho) le ka mokhoa o hloekisitsoeng o tsoang moqomong le makala a acacia senegal (o na le potoloho e mpe ea macho), b) "Lijo tsa Agrigum li hloekisitsoe" - li omisitsoe hape li hloekisitsoe ka mokhoa o tsoang moqomong le makala a acacia Senegalese (e na le mokhoa o fosahetseng oa ho potoloha), c) "Agrigum Lump Talha" - e omisitsoeng ebile e hloekisitsoe ka mokhoa o tsoang trunk le makala a Acacia seyal (e kentse Noe ba chenchana Optical).

Ho latela mofuta oa lihlahisoa tse tala, lihlahisoa tsa Agrisales li na le sepheo se fapaneng sa ts'ebetso:

"Agrigum Spray R" - e fumanoe tharollong ea "Lump hloekisitsoeng" (acacia Senegalese) ka ho emisa le ho omella ha sethala. Sehlahisoa sa bokahohleng se ka sebelisoang ho confectionery, meriana, indasteri ea litlolo e le setsi sa botsitso, emulsifier le karolo ea binder (phetoho maemong a bongata ba sehlahisoa).
"Agrigum Spray R-HPS" - e fumanoe tharollong ea "Agrigum HPS" ka ho ts'oara le ho omella ka sesepa. E sebelisoa ha ho hlophisoa li-emulsions tsa boleng bo phahameng tse nang le boholo ba dikarolo ho fihla ho 1 μm.
"Agrigum Spray R / E" - e fumanoe tharollong e hloekisitsoeng ea Lump ka ho omella le ho omella ka sethala. E sebelisoa e le moriti oa bokahohleng ha ho etsoa li-emulsions. Ha e bapisoa le Agrigum Spray R-HPS, e fana ka boholo bo boholo ba emulsion mme e na le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa refraction ea khanya.
Agrigum Emulsive 1192K le Agrigum Emulsive 2000 ba fumanoa ho Lump Cleaned. Ena ke nts'etsopele e ikhethang ea k'hamphani bakeng sa tšebeliso ea li-emulsion stabilizer. Ka bobeli Agigum Spray R-HPS le Agrigum Spray R / E li khetholloa ka ponahalo e phahameng. Li sebelisoa ka har'a khatello e tlase ha li bapisoa le Agrigum Spray R / HPS le Agrigum Spray R / E.
"Agrigum Spray GMH" - e fumanoe tharollo ea "Agrigum Lump Talha" (Acacia seyal) ka ho omella ka sethala. E sebelisoa sebakeng sa confectionery le indastering ea litlama e le moemeli oa glazing.
"Agrigum Spray MGH" - e fumanoe tharollong ea "Agrigum Lump Talha" (Acacia seyal) le indasteri ea litlama e le moemeli oa ho bata le ho kopanya litlatsetso. Ha e bapisoa le Agrigum Spray GMH, e na le index ea viscosity e tlase. E sebelisoa khoebong ea li-confectionery le meriana.
"Agrigum Powder 1AS" - e fumanoang ho "Lump hloekisitsoeng" ke tlhoekiso ea mochini, e hloekisoa ke mocheso. E sebelisoa khoebong ea confectionery.

Karaya gum ke tlhaho e hlahang ka tlhaho, e nang le "polysaccharide" e nang le li-L-ramnose, D-galactose le masala a 'mele a galacturonic acid. E qhibiliha ka metsing. Mofuta o omileng o theoa makhapetleng a senyehileng a lifate tsa tropike tsa lelapa la Sterculiaceae, le ntseng le hola naheng ea India. Meroho ea resin e bokelloa ka letsoho mme e arotsoe ka mefuta e fapaneng, ho latela 'mala le makhapetla a setseng. Ho hloekisa ho etsoa ka ho qhibiliha ka metsing a chesang, ho sefa le ho fafatsa ka joala kapa ho omella ka sesepa.

Gum karaya e sebelisoa sebakeng sa tragacanth e turang, leha karaya e sena ho hanyetsa joalo ka acid le ho se latsoehe (tharollo e na le monko o fokolang oa acid). Bokhoni ba ho ruruha ka lithemparetjha tse tlase le bokhoni bo eketsehang ba li-gelling ka boteng ba protheine ea lebese bo etsa hore karaya gum e tšepise ho sebelisoa indastering ea lebese, hammoho le lihlahisoa tse khethehileng tsa nama.

Ho litlolo, chepisi ea karaya e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng (mahloriso a 0,3-1%). E lumellana le se ngotsoeng ka mokhoa o phahameng oa ethanol le letsoai, e fana ka litharollo tse hlakileng le li-gels tse bonolo mokatong oa pH 3-7. Tharollo e na le monko o fokolang oa acid. E sebelisoa lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea letlalo le moriri, menoang, blush, phofo e kopanetsoeng.

Gum tragacanth e tsoa mefuteng ea tlhaho ea tlhaho le litheko tse matsutla a lihlahla tse meutloa - Astragalus tragacanth. Ho latela mofuta oa sesebelisoa sa ho seha, chepisi e hlahisang, e tiisa, e nka sebopeho sa sebopeho se bopehileng joaloka sebapali, se bopehileng makhasi le mefuta e meng ea likhopo. Sebakeng sa liente tsa bark ka enke e tenya, mokokotlo o nka mofuta oa likhoele tse telele tse senyane tse loileng (vermicelli, kapa ribbon, tragacanth). Mokotla o bokeletsoeng o hlophisoa ka mebala ho limaraka tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa - 'mala o sa bonahaleng kapa likhopo tse tšoeu, le limaraka tse mahlale -' mala o mosehla, o mosehla le o moputsoa.

Mohloli oa gum ea khoebo ke mefuta e 12-15 ea astragalus.

Litsi tsa pokello ea gummitragakant tsa lefats'e ke Iran le Turkey. Ka nako e telele, naha ea rona e ile ea kenya thepa e ngata haholo naheng ea Iran e le ea bohlokoa haholo. Ka bo-1930 Ka lebaka la lipatlisiso tse tebileng le lipatlisiso tse qaqileng tsa linaleli tsa malapeng tsa Turkmenistan le Armenia, ho ile ha fumanoa methaka e meholo ea linaleli tsa tragacanth, motheong oa tlhahiso ea tsona ea marenene. Mefuta e 'meli ea marenene a tragacanth e hlaha' marakeng oa Europe: Persian tragacanth (khafetsa) le tragacanth ea Anatoli. Ho tsoa mofuteng o itseng oa astragalus (A. Strobiliferus), e holang moeling oa Pakistan, India le Afghanistan, fumana gum e tsejoang ka hore ke Chitral gum.

Karolo e ka sehloohong ea tragacanth (60-70%) e na le polysaccharides e nang le acid e ngata, e kenyeletsang galacturonic acid, galactopyranose, fucose, arabofuranose le xylopyranose. Karolo ena ea polysaccharides e bitsoa bassorin. Polaraccharide e qhibilihang - arabinum - e na le 8-10% gum. Tragacanth e na le starch, ntho ea mucous e hohelang haholo ka metsing, dyes, mesaletsa ea li-acic acid le lintho tsa naetrojene.

Ka indasteri ea lijo, tragacanth e sebelisoa ho tlatseng tse fapaneng tsa metsi, li-biscuit emulsions, lisose e le sethala se tsitsitseng sa acid. E fumana ts'ebeliso likhoebong tse fapaneng (pente le varnish, letlalo, pampiri le khatiso). Indastering ea masela e sebelisetsoa ho lokisa lipente mme molemong oa sena e hlophisitsoe ka bongata bo boholo. Indastering ea litlama e sebelisoa e le motsoako oa binder (ho e-na le gum arabic) ho etseng lipilisi, lozenges, matlapa.

Guru ea Guar ke polymer ea hydrocarbon e nang le galactose le mannose, e fanang ka ketane ea mela e nang le makala a morao a nang le mahlakore a le mang. Karolelano e tloaelehileng ea tsoekere tsena tse peli e batla e le 2: 1. Gum e fumanoa pheletsong ea mabele a semela sa lebone (cyamopsis), se holang haholo India le Pakistan, se holile makholo a lilemo mme se sebelisoa ka bobeli e le lijo tsa batho le joalo ka lijo tsa liphoofolo. . Kotuloa ho tloha Mphalane ho isa ka Hlakubele. Endosperm e arotsoe nakong ea ha e ntse e phula, e hohola le ho inela hore e be phofo e ntle. E kanna ea ba le kokoana-hloko e nyane ea mohloaare le kokoana ea lijo-thollo ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle. Likerese tsa "guar" tse phahameng li ka fumaneha ka ho fetola maemo a ts'ebetso e le ho eketsa karoloana ea galactomannan.

Phofo ea Guar kamora starch le gum arabic ke eona hydrocolloid e atileng haholo tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa lijo le tsa phepo. Ts'ebeliso ea eona ea lefats'e e ka bang lithane tse 25,000 ka selemo.

Guar gum ke semela sa tlhaho sa semela se phallang metsing a batang. Guar ha e hloke mocheso ho fihlela pono e felletseng. Tharollo e hlahisitsoeng e bonahala e koahetsoe ke marang-rang ka lebaka la ho ba le dikarolwana tsa "insospuble endosperm" tse ho eona. Gumar ea Guar hangata e sebelisoa hammoho le marenene a mang, haholo-holo ganthan, mme ho etsahala karohano. Mohlala, motsoako oa gar gum le xanthan gum o na le bophahamo bo phahameng ba pono ho feta marenene a le mong mme o sebelisoa ho tsitsisa moaparo oa salate le lisose, sopho, joalo-joalo. ice cream, guar gum e sebelisoa indastering ea confectionery ho etseng li-marshmallows, marshmallows le lihlahisoa tse ling indastering e meng.

Carob bean gum (E410) e hlahisoa ho tloha pheletsong ea peo ea semela Garatonia siligua L., e hola linaheng tsa Mediterranean (hape e bitsoa Sefate sa Carob). E qhibiliha ka mokhoa o fokolang metsing a batang mme e hloka ho futhumatsa kamora nako ho fihlela bonobo bo phahameng. Ke karolo ea sehlopha sa polysaccharides (karolelano ea mannose ho galactose 4: 1). Ho fapana le katara, e nang le metsi a batang ka ho felletseng, kutu ea linaoa e hloka ho futhumatsa ka botlalo ho isa ho 80 ° C bakeng sa phallo ea metsi kaofela.

Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo joalo ka sethala, ho molemo ho qala ho hasanya tsie ea linaoa ka metsing a chesang (ka 80 ° C), ebe o pholile tharollo ea 25 ° C.

Carob bean gum e sebelisoa ho hlahiseng ice cream (joalo ka stabilizer), chisi (e eketsa lebelo la mafura), lihlahisoa tsa nama (soseji, salami, soseji) joalo ka moemeli ea tlamang le ea tsitsitseng, homogenizing le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho le boleng, lihlahisoa tsa bakery , e lelefatsa bophelo ba sehatsetsing), phofo ea lebese ho ntlafatsa viscosity ntle le ho eketsa likhalori, li-confectionery tsa litholoana, lijo tsa lijo.

Tara gum, kapa peum ea peo ea sefate sa peruvian, e fumanoa ka ho chesa peō ea peopal ea Caesalpina spinosa (Tara-strauch) hore e be phofo. E na le masala a D-mannose le D-galactose. Tara gum e sebelisoa ho fapana le gar gum kapa carob gum. Sesebelisoa se ka sehloohong sa polasetiki se na le motsoako oa li-gelling le xanthan, gellan, carrageenan.

Ghatti gum e fumanoa ho litlama-tlama tsa lifate tsa mofuta oa Anogeissus latifolia oa lelapa la Combretaceae le holang India. Ghatti gum ke mofuta o bosehla bo bosehla bo bosehla kapa phofo e khubelu. Moetso oa lik'hemik'hale ke polysaccharide e nang le masala a L-arabinose, D-galactose, L-ramnose, D-mannose le D-glucuronic acid. Khoele e ka sehloohong e na le masala a galactose a kopantsoeng ke li-b-1,6-glycosidic bond. Ghatti gum e na le phello e tsitsitseng ea emulsions le li-dispersions, e sebelisoa hammoho le gum arabic kapa sebakeng sa eona.

Xanthan gum (E 415) e sebelisoa e le setsi se tsitsitseng - se tsitsitseng sa maemo, se eketsa ponahalo e ntle, se na le thepa ea gelling. Ka sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale, xanthan gum ke mofuta oa li-biosynthetic collaid - polysaccharide e fumanoeng ka belisoa e sebelisa bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. Xanthan gum e qhibiliha habonolo ka mocheso oa kamore, e khona ho ntlafatsa lihlahisoa tsa sehlahisoa se felileng ka kopanelo: xanthan gum + carrageenan. Ho khothalletsoa tšebeliso ea boka ba xanthan ho etsa lihlahisoa tse se nang 'mele (nama e halikiloeng, li-dumplings, cutlets), kaha e fana ka pono le bokhoni ba matla. Motsoako oa chepisi ea xanthan ha o sebelisoa ho hlahisoeng nama ke 0,2-0,5% ka boima ba lisebelisoa tse sa lomosoang. Ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang (ho hanyetsa li-enzyme tse senyang botsitso ba sehlahisoa, ho pH (2-12), ts'ebetsong ea mocheso o phahameng), ho thehoa ha sebopeho se setle, se tiisa sehlahisoa ka nako e telele mme se lelefatsa bophelo ba sona. Liphetho tse ntle li fumanoe ha xanthan gum e nang le carrageenan ka har'a brines ea ham e ne e sebelisoa ka karolelano (1: 9). Tabeng ena, xanthan gum e boloka karolo ea carrageenan eo e seng hydrogen, ho feta moo, e kenya letsoho ho tsamaiseng le eona mesifa le ho monya metsi haholo.

Xanthan gum e sebelisoa haholo ho hlahiseng lisoso, lihlahisoa tsa lebese, ice cream, lijo tse theolelang, thepa e phehiloeng, lino. Litekanyetso tse khothalelitsoeng tsa ganthan gumthan: li-filler - 0,2-0,5%, lino - 0,05-0.2%, tranelate e bolila, chisi ea chisi, chisi ea tranelate, yoghur - 0,05-0.3%, mayonesiise - 0,2 –0,5%, metso e omileng, mese ea ho apesa, lisose - 0,0-0,2%, lijo tse halikiloeng, lisosetso, li-gravy - 0,0-0.3%, lihlahisoa tsa bakery - 0,05-00,55%, syrups - 0,2-0.4%. Xanthan gum ke stabilizer e sebetsang ea li-emulsions le maqhubu, e fana ka pono e phahameng maemong a tlase, e na le thepa ea pseudoplastic, e thibela li-syneresis, thixotropic e le sieo, e tsitsitse libakeng tsa acidic le alkaline, e loantšang mocheso o phahameng, e lumellanang le litharollo tsa letsoai tse tebileng. (gar gum, tsie ea linaoa) le glucomannans (cognac gum).

Gellan gum sebopeho sa polysaccharose linear, e leng lihlahisoa tsa metabolism ea baktheria Psedomonas elodea. Limolek'hule tsa Gellan gum li tšoauoa ka boima ba limolek'hule tse ka bang 500,000, li na le likarolo tsa tetrasaccharide, ho kenyelletsa le mehele e hokahaneng ea li-pyrpanose ea b-1,3-D-glucose, b-1,4-D-glucuronic acid, b-1,4-D tsoekere le a-1,4-L-ramnose. Bokhoni bo ikhethileng ba gellan gum ke hore e bopa li-gels tse nang le li-ions tse ngata, ho kenyeletsa hydrogen (acid e mahareng). Li-jellies tse tšoarellang ka ho fetisisa li thehiloe ka Ca le Mg ions. Gellan gum e sebelisoa lijong tsa lebese, lihlahisoa tsa pastil, jams. Tekanyetso ea lihlahisoa tsa lijo ke 0,1-1,0%.