Lisosa tsa lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa 1

Leha taba ea hore lefu la tsoekere ke o mong oa maloetse a sa foleng a leng teng lefats'eng, saense ea bongaka e ntse e sena dintlha tse hlakileng mabapi le lisosa tsa lefu lena. Ho feta moo, maemong 'ohle a ho sibolla lefu la tsoekere, lingaka ha ho mohla li bolelang hantle hore na le bakoa ke eng. Ngaka e ke ke ea u joetsa hore na hantle-ntle ke eng e bakileng lefu la hau la tsoekere, a ka hakanya feela. Nahana ka lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa lefu la tsoekere, le tsejoang ke lingaka tsa sejoale-joale.

Lefu la tsoekere ke eng?

Lefu la tsoekere ke sehlopha se thata sa mafu a bakoang ke lisosa tse fapaneng. Hangata batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba na le tsoekere e phahameng ea mali (hyperglycemia).

Ho lefu la tsoekere, metabolism ea senyeha - 'mele o fetola lijo tse kenang hore li be matla.

Lijo tse kenang ka har'a tšilo ea lijo li kenella tsoekere - mofuta oa tsoekere o kenang maling. Ka thuso ea insulin ea li-hormone, lisele tsa 'mele li khona ho fumana tsoekere le ho li sebelisa bakeng sa matla.

Lefu la tsoekere le hlaha ha:

mmele ha o hlahise insulin e lekaneng,
lisele tsa 'mele ha li khone ho sebelisa insulin hantle,
maemong ana ka bobeli.

Insulin e hlahisoa ka har'a manyeme, setho se ka morao ho mpa. Makhopho a makhopho ke a sehlopha sa lisele tsa endocrine tse bitsoang li-islets. Lisele tsa Beta lihlekehlekeng li hlahisa insulin ebe li e lokolla maling.

Haeba lisele tsa beta li sa hlahise insulin e lekaneng kapa 'mele o sa arabele insulin e teng' meleng, tsoekere e qala ho bokellana 'meleng, ho e-na le ho ts'oaroa ke lisele, tse lebisang ho prediabetes kapa lefu la tsoekere.

Lisosa tsa lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa 1 ho bana

Prediabetes ke boemo boo ho bona boemo ba glucose maling kapa boemo ba hemoglobin HB A1C (tekanyetso ea tsoekere ea mali likhoeling tse sa tsoa feta) bo fetang bo tloaelehileng, empa bo eso fihlehe ka ho lekaneng ho fumanoa ke lefu la tsoekere. Ho tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere, lisele tse 'meleng li ba le tlala ea matla, leha li na le tsoekere e ngata.

Kamora nako, tsoekere e phahameng ea mali e senya methapo ea mali le methapo ea mali, e lebisang ho mathata a kang lefu la pelo, stroke, lefu la liphio, bofofu, lefu la meno le ho pongoa likarolo tse tlase. Mathata a mang a lefu la tsoekere a ka bontšoa ho eketseheng habonolo ha mafu a mang, ho lahleheloa ke ho sisinyeha ka lilemo, khatello ea maikutlo le mathata a ho ima.

Ha ho na motho ea nang le bonnete ba hore o baka lits'ebetso tse bakang lefu la tsoekere, empa bo-ramahlale ba lumela hore maemong a mangata, sesosa sa lefu la tsoekere ke ho sebelisana ha liphatsa tsa lefutso le tikoloho.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea lefu la tsoekere - mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. Mofuta oa boraro, lefu la tsoekere la tlhaho, e hlaha feela nakong ea kemero. Mefuta e meng ea lefu la tsoekere e hlahisoa ke bofokoli ho liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ikhethang, mafu a pancreatic, meriana e itseng kapa lik'hemik'hale, tšoaetso le lintho tse ling. Batho ba bang ba bonts'a matšoao a mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere ka nako e le 'ngoe.

Boitšisinyo

Litsebi tsa lefu la tsoekere la sejoale-joale li lumela hore lefutso esale pele ke lona lisosa tsa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.

Ho fetisoa ka tlhaho ho tloha ho motsoali oa tlhaho le ngoana. Liphatsa tsa lefutso li na le litaelo tsa ho etsa liprotheine tse hlokahalang bakeng sa sebopeho le tšebetso ea 'mele. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ngata, hammoho le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa tsona, li ama monyetla oa ho hlaha ha lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. Mefuta ea bohlokoa e ka fapana ka bongata. Liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso ho batho ba fetang 1% ba bitsoa mofuta o fapaneng.

Mefuta e meng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e nang le litaelo tsa ho etsa liprotheine e bitsoa human leukocyte antigen (HLAs). Li amahanngoa le kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. Liprotheine tse tsoang ho liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa HLA li ka thusa ho tseba hore na sesole sa 'mele se hlokomela sele e le karolo ea' mele kapa se e nka e le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Metsoako e meng ea mefuta ea HLA e ka bolela esale pele hore na motho o tla ba kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.

Le ha antigen ea leukocyte ea motho e le mofuta o ka sehloohong oa kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, liphatsa tse ling tsa lefutso le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsena li fumanoe. Ha se feela mefuta ena feela e thusang ho tseba likotsi tsa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 bathong, hape e fana ka malebela a bohlokoa ho bo-rasaense ho utloisisa sebopeho sa lefu la tsoekere le ho tseba libaka tse ka thusang kalafo le thibelo ea lefu lena.

Liteko tsa lefutso li ka bonts'a mefuta ea mefuta ea HLA 'meleng oa motho, hape e ka senola mefuta e meng e amanang le lefu la tsoekere. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso bo ntse bo etsoa boemong ba lipatlisiso mme ha bo fihlelle motho ea tloaelehileng. Bo-rasaense ba ntse ba ithuta hore na liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka sebelisoa joang ho ithuta lisosa tsa nts'etsopele, thibelo le kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.

Tšenyo ea autoimmune ea lisele tsa beta

Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere, lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse bitsoang T cell li bolaea lisele tsa beta. Ts'ebetso e qala nako e telele pele ho qala matšoao a lefu la tsoekere mme e tsoela pele ho hlaha ka mor'a ho fumanoa. Khafetsa, lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ha le fumanoe ho fihlela lisele tse ngata tsa beta li se li felisitsoe. Mothating ona, mokuli o lokela ho fumana liente tsa insulin letsatsi le letsatsi e le hore a ka phela. Ho batla litsela tsa ho fetola kapa ho emisa tšebetso ena ea autoimmune le ho boloka tšebetso ea lisele tsa beta ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa mantlha tsa lipatlisiso tsa mahlale tsa morao-rao.

Boithuto ba morao-rao bo bontša hore insulin ka boeona e ka ba sesosa sa mantlha sa tlhaselo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung lisele tsa beta. Tsamaiso ea 'mele ea batho ea ho itšireletsa mafung a lefu la tsoekere la 1 e arabela ho insulin e le' mele o tsoang kantle ho naha kapa antigen ea eona.

Tšenyo ea sele ea Autoimmune beta ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tsa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1

Ho loantša li-antigen, 'mele o hlahisa liprotheine tse bitsoang li-antibodies. Li-antibodies tsa Beta-cell insulin li fumanoa ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. Bafuputsi ba ntse ba ithuta li-antibodies tsena ho thusa ho tseba ho batho kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le lefu lena. Ho etsa liteko tsa mefuta le litekanyetso tsa li-antibodies maling ho ka thusa ho tseba hore na motho o na le lefu la tsoekere 1, lefu la tsoekere la LADA kapa mofuta o mong oa lefu la tsoekere.

Lintlha tse fapaneng tsa tikoloho

Lintho tse fapaneng tsa tikoloho, joalo ka sepakapaka se silafetseng, lijo, likokoana-hloko le chefo li ka baka nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, empa sebopeho sa karolo ea bona ha se e-so thehoe. Likhopolo tse ling li re mabaka a tikoloho a baka tšenyo ea autoimmune ea lisele tsa beta ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ho lefu la tsoekere. Likhopolo tse ling li fana ka maikutlo a hore lintlha tsa tikoloho li bapala karolo e tsoelang pele ho lefu la tsoekere, esita le kamora ho fumanoa.

Likokoana-hloko le tšoaetso

Vaerase e ke ke ea baka lefu la tsoekere ka bolona, empa ka linako tse ling batho ba fumanoang ba na le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 baa kula nakong ea kapa ka mor'a tšoaetso ea vaerase, e bontšang khokahano pakeng tsa bona. Ntle le moo, nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 e atile haholo mariha, ha tšoaetso ea vaerase e atile haholo. Likokoana-hloko tse ka amanang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 li kenyeletsa: Kokoana-hloko ea Coxsackie B, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, rubella le mumps. Bo-rasaense ba hlalositse litsela tse 'maloa tseo ka tsona livaerase tsena li ka lematsang kapa tsa senya lisele tsa beta, le tse ka bakang karabelo ea autoimmune ho batho ba kotsing.

Mohlala, li-antibodies tse khahlanong le sehlekehleke li fumanoe ho bakuli ba nang le congenital rubella syndrome, ts'oaetso ea cytomegalovirus e ne e amahanngoa le tšenyo ea palo e kholo ea lisele tsa beta le ho hlaha ha pancreatitis e bohloko - ho ruruha ha manyeme. Bo-rasaense ba leka ho fumana vaerase e bakang lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, kahoo ho ka etsoa ente ho thibela kholo ea vaerase ea lefu lena.

Tloaelo ea ho fepa masea

Boithuto bo bong bo bontšitse hore lintlha tsa phepo le tsona li ka eketsa kapa tsa fokotsa kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. Mohlala, masea le masea a fumanang li-supplement tsa Vitamin D a na le kotsi e tlase ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere la 1, ha ho ntse ho tseba lebese la khomo le liprotheine tsa koro pele ho nako ho ka eketsa kotsi. Ho hlokahala patlisiso e eketsehileng ho fumana hore na lijo tsa masea li ama kotsi ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.

Mafu a Endocrine

Maloetse a endocrine a ama litho tsa 'mele tse hlahisang litho tsa' mele. Cushing's syndrome le acromegaly ke mehlala ea mathata a lihormone a ka lebisang ho ntlafatso ea prediabetes le lefu la tsoekere, a baka insulin.

Cushing's Syndrome e tšoauoa ka tlhahiso e feteletseng ea cortisol - ka linako tse ling lefu lena le bitsoa "khatello ea kelello".
Acromegaly e etsahala ha mmele o hlahisa lihormone tse ngata haholo tsa kholo.
Glucagon - Mori o sa tloaelehang oa "pancreatic" o ka baka le lefu la tsoekere. Makhopho a etsa hore 'mele o hlahise glucagon e ngata haholo.
Hyperthyroidism - Boloetse bo bakoang ke ha tšoelesa ea qoqotho e hlahisa lihormone tse ngata tsa qoqotho le tsona li ka eketsa tsoekere maling.

Meriana le chefo ea lik'hemik'hale

Lithethefatsi tse ling, tse kang nicotinic acid, mefuta e meng ea diuretics, anti-drug, lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic le lithethefatsi bakeng sa kalafo ea vaerase ea immunodefasure (HIV), li ka lebisa ho sebetsaneng ha beta-cell kapa tsa sitisa litlamorao tsa insulin.

Pentamidine, e leng lithethefatsi tse laetsoeng kalafo ea pneumonia, e ka eketsa kotsi ea ho tšoaroa ke pancreatitis, tšenyo ea lisele tsa beta le lefu la tsoekere.

Ho feta moo, li-glucocorticoids, lihormone tsa steroid tse tšoanang le lik'hemik'hale ka tlhaho, li ka mpefatsa litlamorao tsa insulin. Glucocorticoids e sebelisetsoa ho phekola mafu a tšoaetsanoang a kang rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, lupus, le ulcerative colitis.

Boithuto bo bong bo bontša hore tšebeliso e phahameng ea lik'hemik'hale tse nang le naetrojene, joalo ka nitrate le nitrites, e ka eketsa kotsi ea lefu la tsoekere.

Arsenic e ntse e ithutoa ka mafolofolo molemong oa khokahano e ka bang teng le lefu la tsoekere.

Qeto

Lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa lefu la tsoekere la 1 ke mantlha le liphatsa tsa lefutso. Hape, lefu la tsoekere le ka hlaha ka lebaka la ts'enyo ea autoimmune ea lisele tsa beta, ho ba teng hoa mabaka a tikoloho, livaerase le ts'oaetso, mekhoa ea ho fepa masea, mafu a fapaneng a endocrine le autoimmune, hape ka lebaka la ho nka mefuta e meng ea lithethefatsi kapa chefo ea lik'hemik'hale.

Ho fihla joale, lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ha le phekoloe, 'me ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea' mele e ka bolokoa feela (liente tsa insulin, taolo ea tsoekere ea mali, jj.). Bo-rasaense ba tsoang lefats'eng ka bophara ba ithuta ka mafolofolo lefu lena, ba ntse ba ntlafatsa mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea ho phekola le ho laola lefu la tsoekere, hape ba leka ho fumana pheko e folisang lefu lena ka botlalo.