Khauta MV

Setlhare se fumaneha ka mokhoa oa matlapa a nang le litheko tse fetotsoeng: tse tšoeu kapa tse tšoeu tse nang le tint e 'mala o mosehla, chitja, cylindrical, e nang le bevel, matlapeng a litekanyetso tsa 60 mg ho na le kotsi ea ho arohana (bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa 30 mg: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 150, 180, 200 kapa 300 li-pcs tsa makotikoti, ka lebokoseng la mekotla e 1, li-pcs tse 10 likotoneng, ka lebokoseng la mekotla ea li-board, tse 10, bakeng sa litekanyetso 60 mg: 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 84, 90, 100, 120, 125, 140, 150, 180, 250, kapa li-pcs tse 300, ka lebokoseng. 1 e ka kenya ka har'a lilakane tsa lithutsoana: 10 li-PC., Per mokotla oa li-carton pack, li-pcs tse 7. ka har'a pakete ea 2, 4, 6, 8 kapa 10. Pakete ka 'ngoe e na le litaelo tsa tšebeliso ea Golda MV.

Letlapa le le leng le na le:

• ntho e sebetsang: gliclazide - 30 kapa 60 mg,
• likarolo tse thusang: lactose monohydrate, sodium carboxymethyl starch (mofuta oa C), hypromellose 2208, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate.

Mofumahali

Golda MV ke sethethefatsi sa molomo se bitsoang hypoglycemic. Gliclazide, ntho ea eona e sebetsang, e tsoa ho sulfonylurea ea moloko oa bobeli. E khetholloa ho lithethefatsi tse tšoanang ke ho ba teng ha reng e nang le heterocyclic e nang le N e nang le endocyclic bond. Glyclazide e matlafatsa secretion ea insulin ka lisele tsa beta tsa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans, e fokotsa khatello ea "glucose" maling. Kamora ho qeta lilemo tse peli tsa kalafo, phello ea ho eketsa khatello ea khatello ea "insprandial insulin" le "C-peptide" e ntse e phehella.

Hammoho le phello ea metabolism ea carbohydrate, e na le phello ea hemovascular. Ho mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere, "gliclazide" e thusa ho khutlisa tlhaselo ea pele ea "insulin secretion" mabapi le ho ja tsoekere le ho matlafatsa karolo ea bobeli ea seculin ea insulin. Secretion ea "insulin" e eketseha haholo mokokotlong oa ts'usumetso ka lebaka la ho ja lijo le tsamaiso ea tsoekere.

Litholoana tsa hemovascular of gliclazide li bonts'oa ke kotsi e fokolitsoeng ea thrombosis e nyane ea sekepe. Ka tsela e itseng e thibela ho kopana ha liplatelese le ho khomarela, ho fokotsa boemo ba tšebetso ea liplatelete (thromboxane B2, beta-thromboglobulin). E thusa ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea activator ea liteishene tsa plasminogen, e na le phello ho tsosolositsoeng ha ts'ebetso ea fibrinolytic ea vasotine endothelium.

Ho bakuli ba nang le glycemic hemoglobin (Hb_A1c) ka tlase ho 6.5%, ts'ebeliso ea gliclazide e fana ka taolo e matla ea glycemic, e fokotsa haholo mathata a lefu la tsoekere la mofuta o mong le o mong habeli.

Morero oa gliclazide molemong oa taolo e matla ea glycemic e kenyelletsa ho eketsa tekanyetso ea eona hammoho le kalafo e tloaelehileng (kapa ho e-na le eona) pele a eketsa metformin, thiazolidinedione derivative, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, insulin kapa moemeli e mong oa hypoglycemic ho eona. Liphetho tsa lithuto tsa kliniki li bonts'itse hore, khahlano le nalane ea ts'ebeliso ea gliclazide ka tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea 103 mg (palo e kaholimo ke 120 mg), kotsi e atamelaneng ea mathata a kopaneng a macro- le microvascular e tlase ka 10% ho feta kalafo e tloaelehileng ea taolo.

Melemo ea taolo e matla ea glycemic ha u ntse u nka Golda MV e kenyelletsa phokotso ea bohlokoa litekanyetsong tsa methapo ea methapo e kang mathata a mantlha a (8%), nephropathy (ka 21%), mathata a renal (ka 11%), microalbuminuria (ka 9%) , macroalbuminuria (30%).

Mofumahali

Kamora hore Golda MV e nkoe ka molomo, glycazide e anngoe ka botlalo, boemo ba eona ba plasma bo nyoloha butle butle 'me bo fihle sehlabeng ka lihora tse 6 ho isa ho tse 12. Ho ja lijo tse tšoanang ka nako e le 'ngoe ha ho ame boemo ba ho monya, ho fapana ha motho ka mong ho ke ke ha hlakoloa. Gliclazide ka tekanyetso ea ho fihlela ho 120 mg e tšoauoa ka kamano e pakeng tsa lethal e amoheloang le AUC (sebaka se tlasa khatello ea nako ea pharmacokinetic curve).

Ho kopanya liprotheine tsa plasma ea mali - 95%.

Bophahamo ba kabo ea thepa e ka ba lilithara tse 30. Tekanyetso e le 'ngoe ea gliclazide e tiisa hore ho kenella ka bongata mokhoeng oa mali ho bolokoa nako e fetang lihora tse 24.

Gliclazide e tšelisoa haholo-holo ka har'a sebete. Ha ho na metabolites e sebetsang plasma ea mali.

Ho felisoa ha halofo ea bophelo ke lihora tse 12-20.

E tšeloa haholo-holo ka liphio ka mokhoa oa metabolites, e sa fetoheng - e ka tlase ho 1%.

Ho bakuli ba tsofetseng, liphetoho tse bohlokoa maemong a pharmacokinetic ha lia lebelloa.

Matšoao a ho sebelisoa

• kalafo ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere - ha ho se na phello e lekaneng ea kalafo ea ho ja, ho ikoetlisa le ho theola boima ba 'mele,
• thibelo ea mathata ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 - ho fokotsa menyetla ea microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy) le macrovascular (myocardial infarction, stroke) pathologies ka taolo e matla ea glycemic.

Contraindication

• mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere
• lefu la tsoekere, lefu la tsoekere,
• lefu la tsoekere ketoacidosis,
• ho hloleha ho matla ha renal,
• ho hloleha ho matla ha sebete,
• Phekolo e kopanetsoeng le miconazole,
• tiba e kopantsoeng le danazol kapa phenylbutazone,
• congenital lactose mamello, galactosemia, tsoekere-galactose malabsorption,
• nako ea kemaro
• sefuba
• lilemo tse 18
• mamello ea motho ka mong ho tsoa ho sulfonylurea derivatives, sulfonamides,
• hypersensitivity ho likarolo tsa moriana.

Matlapa a Khauta a Khauta a lokela ho sebelisoa ka hloko ho bakuli ba tsofetseng ba nang le phepo e sa lekanyetsoang le / kapa e sa leka-lekanang, mafu a matla a methapo ea pelo (lefu le matla la pelo, lefutso le atileng ka hohlehohle) lefu la glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, renal le / kapa. ho hloleha ha sebete, ho hlobaela ha adrenal kapa pituitary, hypothyroidism, kalafo ea nako e telele le glucocorticosteroids (GCS), joala.

Golda MV, litaelo tsa tšebeliso: mokhoa le litekanyetso

Matlapa a khauta ea MV a nooa ka molomo, 'me a metsoa ka hohle (ntle le ho hlafuna), haholo-holo nakong ea lijo tsa hoseng.

Tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi e nkuoa hang 'me e lokela ho ba ka har'a 30 ho isa ho 120 mg.

U ke ke oa phetela ka phoso u lahleheloa ke tekanyetso e latelang tekong e latelang, ho nka tekanyetso e ntseng e eketseha.

Motsoako oa gliclazide o khethoa ka bonngoe, ho latela boemo ba tsoekere ea maling maling le index ea Hb_A1c.

Tekanyetso e khothalelitsoeng: lethal dose la pele ke 30 mg (1 letlapa Gold Gold MV 30 mg kapa ½ letlapa la Gold MV 60 mg). Haeba tekanyetso e bonts'itsoeng e fana ka taolo e lekaneng ea glycemic, joale e ka sebelisoa e le tekanyetso ea tlhokomelo. Ha ho na phello e lekaneng ea kliniki ka mor'a matsatsi a 30 a kalafo, tekanyetso ea pele e eketseha butle-butle ka li-extension tsa 30 mg (ho fihlela ho 60, 90, 120 mg). Maemong a ikhethileng, haeba tekanyo ea glucose ea mali ea mokuli ha e fokotsehe kamora matsatsi a 14 a kalafo, o ka tsoelapele ho eketsa tekanyetso matsatsi a 14 kamora ho qala taolo.

Sekhahla se phahameng sa letsatsi ke 120 mg.

Haeba o tlohela ho nka matlapa a glyclazide a lokolloang ka tekanyetso ea 80 mg, o lokela ho qala ho nka lipilisi tse lokolotsoeng tsa tokollo ka lethalinyana la 30 mg, o tsamaisana le kalafo ka taolo e hlokolosi ea glycemic.

Ha o fetohela ho Golda MV le lithethefatsi tse ling tsa hypoglycemic, nako ea phetoho hangata ha e hlokehe. Tekanyetso ea pele ea gliclazide matlapeng a lokolotsoeng a lokolloang e lokela ho ba 30 mg, e lateloe ke titration ho latela bongata ba glucose maling.

Ha ho fetoleloa, tekanyetso le halofo ea bophelo ba moriana o fetileng oa hypoglycemic e lokela ho tsotelloa. Haeba lintho tse tsoang pheletsong ea sulfonylurea tse nang le halofo ea bophelo li khutlisetsoa, ​​li-agents tsohle tsa hypoglycemic li ka emisoa ka matsatsi a 'maloa. Sena se tla qoba hypoglycemia ka lebaka la matla a eketsang a tsoang glycoslazide le sulfonylurea.

Ts'ebeliso ea Golda MV ho kalafo e kopaneng le alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides kapa insulin e bontšoa.

Bakuli ba seng ba tsofetse (ba fetang lilemo tse 65) ha ba hloke phetoho ea litekanyetso.

Ka tekanyo e bonolo ea ho se sebetse hantle ha renal, ho hlokahala hore ho fetotsoe tokiso ea tekanyetso.

Ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa tekanyetso e fokolang (30 mg) ea gliclazide ea nako e telele bakeng sa kalafo ea bakuli ba kotsing ea ho ba le hypoglycemia, lijo tse sa lekanyetsoang kapa tse sa lekanang, mafu a tebileng kapa a sa fuoeng hantle a amanang le lefu la pelo, nako ea kamora ho sebelisoa ha nako e telele le / kapa tsamaiso ka tekanyetso e telele. glucocorticosteroids (GCS).

Ts'ebeliso ea Golda MV ho kenyelletsa lijo le ho ikoetlisa ho thibela mathata a mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere e lokela ho qala ka lethal dose ea 30 mg. Ho fihlella taolo e matla ea glycemic le ho lebisa maemo a Hb_A1c tekanyetso ea pele e ka eketseha butle-butle ea ba ea boholo ba li-120 mg ka letsatsi. Morero oa lithethefatsi molemong oa taolo ea glycemic e matla o bonts'oa hammoho le metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, li-insazine tsa insulin, insulin le li-agents tse ling tsa hypoglycemic.

Litlamorao

Ka ho siuoa hoa lijo tse latelang kapa ho ja ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, matšoao a latelang a hypoglycemia a ka hlaha: mokhathala o eketsehileng, tlala e matla, hlooho, ho lieha ho arabela, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa, ho fokotseha ho tsepamisa maikutlo, ho tsekela, ho fokola, ho khathatsoa ke boroko, ho teneha, ho ferekana, pherekano, khatello ea maikutlo, pono e sa sebetseng le puo, paresis, aphasia, ho thothomela, ho felloa ke boitšoaro, ho ba le letsoalo le fokolang, ho ikutloa u se na thuso, ho tsitsipana, ho hema ka thata, bradycardia, delirium, ho otsela St, tahlehelo ea kelo-hloko, coma (ho akarelletsa le bolaeang), adrenergic ka karabelo - eketseha ho fufuleloa, ho tšoenyeha clammy letlalo la 'mele, tachycardia, e ile ea eketseha khatello ea mali (khatello ea mali), arrhythmia, palpitations, angina pectoris. Liphetho tsa lithuto tsa kliniki li bontša hore ha u sebelisa lithethefatsi molemong oa taolo e matla ea glycemic, hypoglycemia e hlaha khafetsa ho feta ka taolo e tloaelehileng ea glycemic. Maemo a mangata a hypoglycemia sehlopheng se matla sa taolo ea glycemic e etsahetse khahlanong le semelo sa phekolo ea insulin.

Ntle le moo, khahlano le semelo sa tšebeliso ea Golda MV, litlamorao tse latelang li ka hlaha:

• Ho tsoa mokhatlong oa ka mpeng: bohloko ba ka mpeng, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa, lets'ollo, ho sokela,
• ho tsoa ho li-system tsa lymphatic le ho potoloha: hangata - thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia,
• ho tloha ts'ebetsong ea hepatobiliary: ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea alkaline phosphatase, ACT (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice,
• lehlakoreng la setho sa pono: litšitiso tse sa feleng tsa pono (hangata hangata qalong ea kalafo),
• Karabelo ea dermatological: ho hlohlona, ​​lekhopho, makhopho a maculopapular, urticaria, erythema, edema ea Quincke, maikutlo a lipolao (ho kenyeletsa le Stevens-Johnson syndrome, chefo e matla ea chefo).
• tse ling (litla-morao tse bonts'ang lits'oaetso tsa sulfonylurea): hemolytic anemia, erythrocytopenia, agranulocytosis, allergic vasculitis, pancytopenia, hyponatremia, jaundice, ho hloleha ka matla ha sebete.

Bongata

Matšoao: Ho ba le overdose, matšoao a tšoaetso ea hypoglycemia a hlaha.

Phekolo: ho emisa matšoao a hanyane ka hanyane a hypoglycemia (ntle le matšoao a methapo ea kutlo le ho se tsebe hantle), ho bohlokoa ho eketsa tekanyo ea lik'habohaedreite, ho fokotsa tekanyetso ea Golda MV le / kapa ho fetola lijo. Ho hlahlojoa ka hloko boemo ba mokuli ho bontšoa.

Ka ponahalo ea maemo a matla a hypoglycemic (komello, ho tsitsipana le mafu a mang a methapo ea methapo), ho hlokahala sepetlele hanghang.

Tlhokomelo ea bongaka ea tšohanyetso bakeng sa hypoglycemic coma kapa ho e belaella e kenyelletsa ente ea intravenous (iv) ea tharollo ea 20-30% dextrose (glucose) ka lethal dose ea 50 ml, e lateloa ke iv drip ea tharollo ea 10% ea dextrose, e bolokang boemo ba khatello ea glucose ho madi a kaholimo ho 1 g / l. Ho lekola ka hloko boemo ba mokuli le ho lekola khatello ea tsoekere ea mali ho lokela ho tsoelapele lihora tse 48 tse latelang.

Ho buoa ka meno ha ho na thuso.

Litaelo tse khethehileng

Golda MV e lokela ho fuoa feela ha lijo tsa mokuli li kenyelletsa lijo tsa hoseng, mme phepo e nepahetseng e le kamehla. Sena se amana le kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le hypoglycemia, ho kenyelletsa le mefuta e matla le e telele e hlokang ho kena sepetlele le iv tsamaiso ea tharollo ea dextrose ka matsatsi a mangata. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea Golda MV, ho bohlokoa haholo ho netefatsa tšebeliso e lekaneng ea lik'habohaedreite 'meleng ka lijo. Phepo e sa khaotseng, ho ja lijo tse sa lekaneng kapa lijo tse haelloang ke lik'habohaedreite li ka lebisa ho hypoglycemia. Hangata, nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia e bonoa ho bakuli ba latelang lijo tse nang le khalori e fokolang, ka mor'a ho ikoetlisa ka matla kapa ho qeta nako e telele, ho noa joala, kapa ha ba phekoloa ke li-anticogogiscemic tse ngata ka nako e le 'ngoe. Hangata, lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata (ho kenyeletsa tsoekere) li ka thusa ho fokotsa matšoao a hypoglycemia. Maemong ana, tsoekere ea tsoekere ha e sebetse. Re lokela ho hopola hore hypoglycemia e ka khutla. Ka hona, haeba hypoglycemia e na le matšoao a boletsoeng esale pele kapa mofuta oa nako e telele, ntle le ts'ebetso ea ho ja lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata, ho hlokahala hore u batle thuso ea bongaka ea tšohanyetso.

Ha a khetha Golda MV, ngaka e lokela ho tsebisa mokuli ka ho qaqileng ka kalafo le ka tlhoko ea ho latela litekanyetso tsa kalafo ea dosing, ho ja ka tsela e leka-lekaneng le ho ikoetlisa.

Lebaka la nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia ke ho se khone kapa ho se rate ha mokuli (haholo-holo botsofaling) ho latela litlhahiso tsa ngaka le ho laola tsoekere ea mali, phepo e sa lekaneng, phetoho ea lijo, ho tlōla lijo kapa tlala, ho se lekane pakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele le palo ea lik'habohaedreite tse nkiloeng, ho hloleha ho matla ha sebete. , ho se sebetse hantle ke bohloko ba mokokotlo, ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse ngata, ho hlokeha ka sekhahla ha lefu la sethoathoa le / kapa lefu la qoqotho.

Ntle le moo, hypoglycemia e ka baka tšebelisano 'moho ea gliclazide le lithethefatsi tse tšoanang tsa kalafo. Ka hona, mokuli o lokela ho lumellana le ngaka efe kapa efe ho nka moriana o mong le o mong.

Ha a khetha Golda MV, ngaka e lokela ho tsebisa mokuli le ba lelapa la hae ka ho qaqileng ka likotsi le melemo ea kalafo e tlang, lisosa le matšoao a hypoglycemia, bohlokoa ba ho latela lijo tse khothalelitsoeng le karolo ea boikoetliso ba 'mele, boeletsi ba ho itlhahloba khafetsa maemong a tsoekere ea mali.

E le ho lekola taolo ea glycemic, Hb e lokela ho ikemisetsa khafetsa._Alc.

Re lokela ho hopola hore ka ho ba le phetoho e tšoanang le ea hepatic le / kapa ho hloleha haholo ha lefu la pelo, boemo ba hypoglycemia bo ka nka nako e telele haholo 'me bo hloka kalafo ea hanghang.

Taolo ea glycemic e fumanoeng e ka fokolisoa ke ho ba teng ha feberu, mafu a tšoaetsanoang, likotsi kapa ho kenella ka ho pharaletseng ha ho buuoa. Maemong ana, ho bohlokoa ho fetisetsa mokuli kalafo ea insulin.

Ho haella ha katleho ea gliclazide kamora nako e telele ea kalafo e kanna ea ba ka lebaka la khatello ea bobeli ea lithethefatsi, e leng sephetho sa ho eketseha ha lefu lena kapa ho fokotseha ha karabo ea bongaka ea moriana. Ha ho hlahlojoa ho hanela lithethefatsi tsa bobeli, ho bohlokoa ho etsa bonnete ba hore mokuli o latela lijo tse boletsoeng le ho lekola tekanyetso ea tekanyetso ea Golda MV e nkuoeng.

Ka lebaka la khaello ea glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, tšebeliso ea melemo ea sulfonylurea e eketsa kotsi ea anemia ea hemolytic. Ka hona, bakeng sa kalafo ea bakuli ba nang le khaello ea glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, li-agents tsa sehlopha se seng li lokela ho khethoa.

Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi

• miconazole: Tsamaiso e hlophisehileng ea miconazole kapa ts'ebeliso ea eona ka sebeng molomong oa molomo e baka keketseho ea phello ea hypoglycemic ea gliclazide, e ka bakang kholo ea hypoglycemia ho fihlela komisi.
• phenylbutazone: ho kopana le mefuta ea molomo ea phenylbutazone ho ntlafatsa phello ea hypoglycemic ea Golda MV, ka hona, haeba ho sa khonehe ho fana ka moriana o mong o khahlanong le ho ruruha, ho hlokahala hore o fetole tekanyetso ea glyclazide ka bobeli nakong ea tsamaiso ea phenylbutazone le ka mor'a ho tlohela,
• ethanol: ts'ebeliso ea lino tse tahang kapa lithethefatsi tse nang le ethanol li thibela maikutlo, a ka lebisang ho hypoglycemia kapa nts'etsopele ea hypa-hypoglycemic coma,
• li-agents tse ling tsa hypoglycemic (insulin, acarbose, metformin, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists), beta-blockers, fluconazole, angiotensin converting enzyme (block agents, enaprilap)₂Li-receptor tsa -histamine, li-inhibitors tsa monoamine oxidase, sulfonamides, litlithromycin, lithethefatsi tse seng khahlanong le 'mele tse thibelang mafu: motsoako oa lithethefatsi tsena tse nang le glycazide o tsamaea le keketseho ea ketso ea Golda MV le kotsi e eketsehang ea hypoglycemia,
• danazol: matla a diabetogenic a danazol a thusa ho fokolisa ketso ea gliclazide,
• chlorpromazine: litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa letsatsi le letsatsi (tse fetang 100 mg) ea chlorpromazine e fokotsa secretion ea insulin, e leng se eketsang keketseho ea khatello ea mali maling. Ka hona, ka phekolo e kopantsoeng ea antipsychotic, ho khethoa ha lethal dose la gliclazide le taolo e hlokolosi ea glycemic, ho kenyelletsa le ka mor'a ho khaotsa chlorpromazine, ho hlokahala,
• tetracosactide, GCS bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea kemiso le ea li-topical: fokotsa mamello ea lik'habohaedreite, e kenyang keketseho ea glycemia le kotsi ea ho ba le ketoacidosis. Ho hlahlojoa ka hloko boemo ba tsoekere ea mali hoa hlokahala, haholo-holo qalong ea kalafo e kopaneng, haeba ho hlokahala, tokiso ea litekanyetso tsa gliclazide,
• ritodrin, salbutamol, terbutaline (iv): ho lokela ho hopoloa hore beta₂-adrenomimetics e eketsa boemo ba tsoekere maling, ka hona, ha e kopantsoe le bona, bakuli ba hloka ho itaola kamehla, ho ka khonahala ho fetisetsa mokuli kalafong ea insulin,
• warfarin le li-anticoagulants tse ling: gliclazide e ka kenya letsoho keketseho e kholo ea kliniki phello ea li-anticoagulants.

Li-Analogs tsa Golda MV ke: Diabetesalong, Glidiab, Gliclada, Gliclazide Canon, Gliclazide MV, Gliclazide-SZ, Gliclazide-Akos, Diabeteson MB, Diabinax, Diabefarm, Diabefarm MV, jj.

Litlhahlobo mabapi le Gold MV

Maikutlo mabapi le Gold MV a likhang. Bakuli (kapa beng ka bona) ba bonts'a katleho e potlakileng ea phello e lekaneng ea ho theola tsoekere ha ba ntse ba sebelisa moriana, ha ho ntse ho na le kotsi e eketsehileng ea hypoglycemia le litlamorao tse ling. Ntle le moo, ho ba teng ha litlolo ho nkoa e le phoso.

Nakong ea tsamaiso ea Golda MV, ho khothalletsoa ho boloka ka hloko mokhoa o behiloeng oa lijo le oa ho ja, taolo ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea tsoekere ea mali.