Lipidogram - tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa cholesterol

Teko ea Cholesterol e Felletseng hape e bitsoang profid ea lipid kapa lipid profil, tlhahlobo ea mali ho bona litlolo ho lipids joalo ka cholesterol (kakaretso, HDL le LDL) le triglycerides.

Cholesterol ke mafura a bonolo a waxy a etsang mesebetsi e mengata ea bohlokoa 'meleng. Leha ho le joalo, cholesterol e ngata e ka lebisa ho:

1. lefu la pelo
2. stroke
3. arteriossteosis, methapo e koetsoeng kapa e thatafalitsoeng

Banna ba lokela ho hlahloba maemo a bona a k'holeseterole khafetsa, ho qala ka lilemo tse 35 kapa ho feta. Bakeng sa basali, ho hlokahala ho qala ho lekanya cholesterol ha a le lilemo li 45 kapa pejana. Ho itšireletsa, o ka nka tlhahlobo ea cholesterol lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse hlano, ho qala ka lilemo tse 20.

Haeba ho fumanoe hore u na le lefu la tsoekere, stroke, khatello e phahameng ea mali, lefu lefe kapa lefe la pelo, kapa haeba u sebelisa meriana ho laola k'holeseterole ea hau, u lokela ho hlahloba cholesterol ea hau selemo se seng le se seng.

K'holeseterole ea mali

Tlhahlobong ea mali e nang le biochemical, litekanyetso tsa cholesterol li hlahisoa ka liparamente tse latelang: cholesterol e felletseng, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol (lipenshene tse tlaase tsa methapo ea methapo kapa LDL), cholesterol ea HDL (lipenshene tse phahameng tsa methapo ea methapo kapa HDL) le K._empa.

Bokhabane ba Atherogenic (K_empa) - Letšoao le baloang la kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la atherosmithosis.

Mokhoa o sebelisoang ho bala karole ea motlakase (K_empa)

Moho H ke k'holeseterole e felletseng, HDL ke k'holeseterole (lipalo tse phahameng tsa letsoalo)

Matšoao a ho sebetsa hantle a Atherogenicity:

• ho fihla ho 3 - tloaelehileng
• ho fihla ho 4 - letšoao le ntseng le eketseha, ho fokotsa lijo tse khothalletsoang le ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele
• kaholimo ho 4 - kotsi e kholo ea ho theha atherosclerosis, kalafo ea hlokahala

Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole

Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole ke bongata ba cholesterol maling. Boemo bo phahameng bo tlatsetsa kotsing e eketsehang ea lefu la pelo. Ka nepo, cholesterol e felletseng e lokela ho ba ka tlase ho limiligrama tse 200 ka desilitara e le 'ngoe (mg / dl) kapa limililone tse 5,2 ka litha e le ngoe.

Tloaelo ea k'holeseterole e felletseng ho tloha ho 3,6 mmol / l ho isa ho 7.8 mmol / l

Khaled

HDL ho banna e ka tlase ho 1,16 mmol / L, mme ho basali ka tlase ho 0,9 mmol / L ke sesupo sa atherosclerosis kapa lefu la pelo la ischemic. Ka ho fokotseha ha HDL sebakeng sa litekanyetso tsa moeli (ho basali 0,9-1.40 mmol / L, ho banna 1.16-1.68 mmol / L), re ka bua ka nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis le lefu la pelo. Keketseho ea HDL e bontša hore menyetla ea ho ba le lefu la pelo e fokola haholo.

Mabapi le complication ea atherosclerosis - stroke, bala sengoloa: Stroke

E-ea karolong e akaretsang ea TLHALOSO EA MABAKA

LDL ("mpe") cholesterol

LDL Cholesterol - Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL). Ka linako tse ling ho thoe ke "cholesterol" e mpe. Ho ata haholo maling ho baka ho bokelloa ha mafura a mangata (li-plaque) methapong (methapo ea kutlo), e lebisang phokotsong ea phallo ea mali.

LDL cholesterol ha ea lokela ho feta 130 mg / dL (3.4 mmol / L). Boemo bo ka tlase ho 100 mg / dl (2.6 mmol / L) boa lakatseha, haholoholo lefu la lefu la tsoekere, pelo kapa lefu la methapo.

LDL k'holeseterole. Tloaelo ho banna ke 2.02-4.79 mmol / l, bakeng sa basali 1.92-4.51 mmol / l.

Likeletso tse khothalelitsoeng

Moralo o khothalelitsoeng oa cholesterol ea LDL (LDL) o ntlafalitsoe ke American pelo Association, NIH le NCEP (2003) (hlokomela hore ho tsepamisa maikutlo ke boeletsi feela ka tlholeho).

LDL e phahameng e nang le HDL e tlase ke eona e eketsang kotsi ea lefu la pelo.

Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea maemo a LDL

Mokhoa o sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ke ho nyenyefatsa mabenkele a mafura a ka har'a mpa ea mpa (mafura a visceral), ho kenyelletsa ho fokotsa mafura a felletseng. Ho khothalletsoa ho hana lijo tse halikiloeng, lisakerete le joala. Lijo li lokela ho kenyelletsa lijo tse nang le mafura a li-polyndaturated acid acid (Omega-3), litlama, meroho e sa tsoa khuoa, monokotsoai, litholoana le mohloa Ho ikoetlisa khafetsa ho khothalletsoa hape; khatello ea maikutlo e lokela ho qojoa le ho boloka boima ba 'mele bo nepahetseng.

Ho latela litsebi, maemong afe kapa afe, kalafo ea lipid metabolism ea metabolism e lokela ho qala ka ho felisoa ha mabaka a kotsi le ho khethoa ha lijo tse fokotsang k'holeseterole. Ka nako e ts'oanang, hoa khoneha ho nka lijo e le monotherapy ha feela mokuli a ikemiselitse ho e bona bophelo bohle ba hae.

Ka bongaka, ho sebelisoa lihlopha tse hlano tse ka sehloohong tsa lithethefatsi ho lokisa mathata a metabolism ea lipid:

• Inhibitors ea methylglutaryl-CoA reductase ("statins"): lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, cerivastatin, rosuvastatin, pitavastatin.
• Fibrate: fenofibrate, simfibrate, ronifibrate, ciprofibrate, etofibrate, clofibrate, bezafibrate, aluminium clofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrid.
• Mekotlo ea nicotinic acid le niacin: niacin (nicotinic acid), niceritrol, joala ba nicotinyl (pyr>

Kaha likaroloana tsa LDL ha li na kotsi ho fihlela li le kahare ho marako a methapo ea mali le oxidized ke li-radicals tsa mahala, ho fanoe ka tlhahiso ea hore tšebeliso ea li-antioxidants le ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa radicals ea mahala li ka fokotsa tlatsetso ea LDL ho atherossteosis, leha liphetho e se tsa ho qetela.

HDL ("e ntle") cholesterol

HDL Cholesterol - High Density Lipoproteins (HDL). Ka linako tse ling ho thoe "cholesterol" e ntle. Ka mokhoa o loketseng, cholesterol ea HDL e lokela ho feta 40 mg / dl (1.0 mmol / l) ho monna le ho feta 50 mg / dl (1,3 mg / dl) bakeng sa mosali.

HDL k'holeseterole. Tloaelo bakeng sa banna ke 0.72-1.63 mmol / l, bakeng sa basali 0.86-2.28 mmol / l.

Mekhoa ea ho eketsa HDL

Liphetoho tse ling tsa ho ja le ho ikoetlisa li ka ba le phello e ntle keketseho ea HDL:

• Fokotsa tšebeliso ea lik'habohaedreite tlase
• Boikoetliso ba aerobic
• Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele
• Tlatsetso ea Magnesium e Matlafatsa HDL-C
• Ho kenyelletsa fiber ea Soluble ho Lijo
• Ts'ebeliso ea mafura a omega-3 a mafura a joalo ka oli ea tlhapi kapa oli ea mafura
• Tšebeliso ea linate tsa Pistachio
• Keketseho e kholo ea mafura a CIS a sa kopaneng
• Li-triglycerides tse mahareng tse kang caproic acid, capric acid, capric acid le lauric acid
• Ho tlosa mafura acid ho tsoa lijong

Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea triglycerides

Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele le lijo ke mekhoa e sebetsang haholo ea hypertriglyceridemia.

Bakeng sa batho ba nang le triglycerides e itekanetseng kapa e leka-lekaneng, ho theola boima ba 'mele, boikoetliso le lijo li khothalletsoa. Lijo li lokela ho fokotsa lik'habohaedreite (ka ho khetheha fructose) le mafura, ho kenyelletsa mafura a omega-3 acid ho tsoa ho algae, linate le lipeo lijong. Ho khothalletsoa meriana ho ba nang le li-triglycerides tse ngata tse sa lokisoang ke liphetoho tse boletsoeng kaholimo.

Cholesterol lijong

P.S. Tlhahisoleseling e kaholimo e lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling feela. Ketso efe kapa efe ea ho lokisa boemo ba cholesterol e lokela ho nkuoa feela kamora ho buisana le ngaka.

1. Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo
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2. Lipensense tse tlase tsa batho ba nang le bothata bo tlase https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/anuelD0%9BanuelD0 EarB8chulaD0 koloBFanuelD0nokwenwaD0lomoBFanuelD1 kolo80 koloD0 EarBE koloD1 kolo82 koloD0 Ear B5% D0% B8% D0% BD% D1% 8B_% D0% BD% D0% B8% D0% B7% D0% BA% D0% BE% D0% B9_% D0% BF% D0% BB% D0% BE0 D1% 82% D0% BD% D0% BE% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B8
3. Tlhahlobo ea mali a biochemical https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/anuelD0 kolo91 EmmanuelD0 EarB8chulaD0 EarBE koloD1anuel85 koloD0anuelB8 koloD0 koloBC koloD0 koloB8 koloD1anuel87anuelD0% B5% D1% 81% D0% BA% D0% B8% D0% B9_% D0% B0% D0% BD% D0% B0% D0% BB% D0% B8% D0% B7_% D0% BA% D1% 80% D0% BE% D0% B2% D0% B8

Lisebelisoa tsohle ke tsa tataiso feela. Boitlhotlhollo krok8.com

LDL ke eng tlhahlobo ea mali a biochemical?

Li-lipoprotein tse tlaase-tlase li bitsoa likaroloana tsa "cholesterol" e mpe, e nang le boemo bo phahameng ba atherogenicity mme e lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea liso tsa methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo. Mehatong ea pele ea ho se leka-lekane ha lipid, ha lipoprotein tse tlaase-feela li qala ho bokellana ka methapo ea methapo, HDL e "tšoaroa" ebe e fetisetsoa ho sebete, moo e fetoleloang li-acid acid.

Kahoo, 'mele o lula o na le lipids tsa tlhaho. Leha ho le joalo, ka keketseho ea nako e telele ea LDL le ho fokotseha ha HDL, lipoprotein tse fokolang ha li bokelle leboteng la sekepe feela, empa li boetse li tsosa nts'etsopele ea ts'oaetso ea ts'oaetso, e tsamaeang le ts'enyeho ea likhoele tsa elastin, ebe e lateloa ke ho khutlisoa ha tsona ka lithane tse thata tse amanang.

Li-lipoprotein tse fokolang tse tlase

Cholesterol ke setho sa sehlopha sa steroid. Mali a na le eona e le karolo ea likhomphutha le liprotheine tse etsang mosebetsi oa ho tsamaisa. Motsoako ona o bitsoa lipoproteins kapa lipoprotein. Karolo e nyane ea ntho ena e ntse e lokolohile. Cholesterol e joalo e nkuoa e tloaelehile - ha e nke karolo e tiileng ho nts'etsopele ea pelo le ischemia le li-pathologies tse ling tse amanang le tsamaiso ea pelo. Har'a mefuta ea bohlokoa ea cholesterol, ho na le:

1. HDL cholesterol, i.e. high density lipoprotein. Mofuta ona o nkuoa o "bohlokoa."
2. LDL cholesterol, i.e. li-lipoprotein tse fokolang haholo. Foromo ena e "kotsi."

Ekaba 70% ea kakaretso ea cholesterol e nang le plasma ea mali ke ea LDL. E khetholloa ke taba ea hore e khona ho lula marakong a methapo ea mali nako e telele ho feta HDL. Ka lebaka lena, keketseho ea litaba tsa k'holeseterole e joalo e lebisa ho bokelleng ho fetelletseng ka mokhoa oa li-plaque tsa lefutso le maloetse a fapaneng a amanang le tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo.

Teko ea mali bakeng sa k'holeseterole le lipid

Haeba tataiso e tsoang ho ngaka e kenyelletsa lentsoe le kang lipidogram, joale u se u laetsoe:

• Teko ea mali bakeng sa k'holeseterole e felletseng,
• boithuto ba lipoprotein tse tlase haholo,
• boithuto ba lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo,
• tlhatlhobo ea triglycerides.

Ho ipapisitsoe le sengoloa sa thuto, ngaka e na le matšoao a bohlokoa a tla mo thusa ho hlahloba boemo ba mokuli, le ho tseba sebopeho sa thupelo kapa kotsi ea ho ba le sebete, liphio, lefu la pelo kapa autoimmune pathologies. Teko ea mali bakeng sa cholesterol feela ha e na tlhahiso-leseling e ngata joaloka profid ea lipid, ka hona, e sebelisoa feela ha ho khetholla katleho ea kalafo.

U ka etsa liteko tsa k'holeseterole joang?

Bakeng sa ts'episo ea sephetho, tlhahlobo e hloka ho lokisoa hantle, e bonts'itsoeng ho bana le batho ba baholo. Nako e khothalelitsoeng ea ho ntša mali mothapong ke hoseng. Tlhahlobo ka boeona e fanoa ka mpa e se nang letho, 'me ka moso ho molemo ho kenyelletsa mesebetsi ea' mele le lijo tse mafura. U ka e etsa ka laboratoring ea biochemical, phatlalatsa kapa boinotšing. Qetellong, theko ea lipatlisiso e ka ba 200 r. Ka hona, ho molemo ho khetha hanghang thuto ea lipid spectrum kaofela, eo theko ea eona e ka bang 500 r. Lingaka li khothaletsa nako e le ngoe ho tse hlano ho etsa kopo ea tlhahlobo e joalo, 'me ka mor'a lilemo tse 40 ho molemo ho e etsa selemo se seng le se seng.

Tloaelo ea cholesterol maling

Lipidogram e bonts'a matšoao a 'maloa:

• Kakaretso ea cholesterol - OXS,
• HDL k'holeseterole - HDL k'holeseterole,
• palo ea cholesterol ea LDL - cholesterol ea LDL,
• boemo ba triglyceride - TG,
• index ea atherogenic - CA kapa IA.

LDL cholesterol le lipontšo tse ling ho basali li tla fapana. Palo ea kakaretso e lokela ho ba maemong a 2,9-7.85 mmol / L. Tsohle li itšetlehile ka lilemo. Tloaelo ea LDL ho basali kamora lilemo tse 50 ke 2,28-5.72 mmol / L, mme o le lilemong tse nyane - 1,76-4.82 mmol / L. Matšoao a tšoanang, a k'holeseterole ea HDL feela ke 0.96-2.38 mmol / L le 0.93-2.25 mmol / L.

Palo ea cholesterol ea LDL 'meleng oa monna e amoheleha haeba boleng ba eona bo sa fetele moeling oa 2.02 ho isa ho 4.79 mmol / L. Boleng ba HDL bo fapane hanyane mme bo ka fihla ho 0,98-1.91 mmol / l, e etsahalang ho banna ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 50. A le lilemo li holileng tsebong, boleng bona bo fapana ho tloha ho 0.72 ho isa ho 1.94 mmol / L. Letšoao la k'holeseterole e felletseng e lokela ho ba ka har'a 3,6 ho isa ho 6.5 mmol / L.

Bakeng sa ngoana ea lilemo li 5-10, moetlo oa cholesterol ea LDL o nkoa e le boleng ho tloha ho 1.63 ho isa ho 3.63 mmol / L. Ho ngoana ea lilemo tse 10-15, boleng bona ha bo fetohe 'me bo tloha ho 1,66 ho isa ho 3.52 ka likarolo tse tšoanang. Bakeng sa lilemo tse 15-18, palo ea cholesterol ea LDL e lokela ho ba ho tloha ho 1,61 ho isa ho 3.55 mmol / L. Tse ling li kheloha ho latela boleng ba ngoana: ho banana boemo bo phahame haholo ho feta ho bashanyana.

Setsoalle sa Atherogenic

Ho ba le sephetho sa profil ea lipid, u ka bala hore na atalegenicity e lekantsoeng kapa e bonts'a tekanyo ea "cholesterol" e mpe le "e ntle" maling. Ho na le liforomo tse peli tsa ho hakanya letšoao lena.

• KA = (OXC - HDL cholesterol) / LDL,
• KA = LDL cholesterol / HDL cholesterol.

Ho ea ka liforomo, ho hlakile hore ho tseba hore na coelese e lekaneng hakae, ho hlokahala hore e arole phapang pakeng tsa k'holeseterole e felletseng le HDL ho cholesterol ea LDL, kapa hang-hang fumana quotient ho tsoa ho cholesterol e "mpe" le "e ntle". Decryption ea boleng bo fumanoeng e etsoa ho latela mekhoa e latelang:

1. Haeba CA e le ka tlase ho 3, joale kholo ea atherosclerosis e na le kotsi e fokolang.
2. Haeba SC e le boemong ba ho tloha ho 3 ho isa ho 4, menyetla ea ho holisa atherosulinosis kapa pelo ischemia e phahame.
3. Haeba CA e le kholo ho feta 5, joale menyetla ea ho tšoaroa ke lefutso e phahameng haholo. Ntle le moo, methapo ea methapo ea methapo, mafu a bokong, a pelo, a liphio kapa a maoto a ka hlaha.

Seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba LDL cholesterol e phahame kapa e theotsoe

Haeba cholesterol e phahame ho feta e tloaelehileng, ka hona mabaka a sena e ka ba:

• lefu la sebete
• mafu a endocrine, ho etsa mohlala, lefu la tsoekere,
• mathata a metabolic
• ho tsuba le ho itlopa joala haholo
• botenya
• lijo tse sa leka-lekanang
• bophelo ba ho lula fatše
• khatello e phahameng ea mali.

O ka lokisa boemo mme o khutlise cholesterol ho tloaelehileng ka thuso ea lijo tse ikhethileng, ts'ebetso ea 'mele le meriana. Tsena li qala ho nka maemong a mang a matla le ho feta. Ha e le meroalo ea lipapali e ka ba ho potlakela ho matha kapa ho tsamaea. Ha e le likhetho tsa tatso, u tla tlameha ho tlohela:

• chisi e thata
• mayonnaise le liaparo tse ling tse mafura,
• boroso,
• lihlahisoa tsa ho baka le tsa confectionery,
• tranelate, tranelate e bolila,
• Lihlahisoa tse felileng
• oli ea limela
• nama ea limaraka tse mafura.

Sebakeng seo, o hloka ho ja lino tse ncha tse halikiloeng, litholoana tse ncha le meroho, lihlapi tsa leoatleng, haholo-holo salemone le sardine. Ho pheha ho etsoa hantle ka ho baka kapa ka ho tsuba.Ho tsoa ho lino, tee e tala e khona ho theola cholesterol. Veine e tla sebetsana le ts'ebetso ena, e khubelu feela ebile e na le tekanyetso e lekaneng. Ho theola LDL ke litholoana tsa lijo tse nang le likhalori tse tlase, ka hona, ntle le phepo, ha e hloke phekolo e khethehileng.

Har'a meriana e khahlanong le k'holeseterole e phahameng, li-statins li sebelisoa hangata, mohlala, Lovastatin, Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin kapa Rosuvastatin. Ntho ena e khona ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea li-enzyme. Limela tse ling le tsona li na le statin. Tsena li kenyelletsa wort ea St. John, hawthorn, fenugreek, lemongrass, Rhodiola rosea. U ka li sebelisa ho li-decoctions kapa li-tincture.

Cholesterol e kena 'meleng joang?

Le ha lisele tsohle 'meleng ea rona li khona ho hlahisa cholesterol,' mele ea rona e rata ho amohela ntho ena ka lijo. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore 'mele oa motho ha o khone ho senya limolek'hule tsa cholesterol. Li ntšoa 'meleng oa motho hammoho le bile, ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa sebete. Ena ke eona feela tsela ea ho hloekisa 'mele oa k'holeseterole. Li-acid tse leng bile li khona ho hlakola mafura a kenang 'meleng hammoho le lijo bakeng sa ho monya hantle.

Ka bomalimabe maemong a mang, k'holeseterole e fetoha mohloli oa mathata a mangata a bophelo bo botle. Hangata sena se etsahala ha boemo ba cholesterol (LDL) bo feta ka tsela e tloaelehileng. Ha k'holeseterole e tsamaea le 'mele oa rona le mali, ho ata ha eona ho atileng ho bokellana marakong a methapo ea methapo. Ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, ba fetoha karolo ea mafura a ka sitisang phallo ea mali kapa esita le likhoele tsa likatse ka ho feletseng. Haeba sena se etsahala ka methapo ea methapo e fang mali pelong, mokuli oa eketseha myocardial infarction. Joalokaha u tseba, lefu lena le ka lebisa lefung.

Ho sena re ka fihlela qeto ea hore limolek'hule tsa mafura li ka tlisa melemo le likotsi 'meleng oa motho.

Cholesterol e ntle le e mpe

Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, limolek'hule tsa cholesterol ke tsa mofuta o le mong. Li fumaneha feela ka lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho ea liphoofolo: veal, nama ea kolobe, khoho, tlhapi, konyana, lijo tsa leoatleng, jj. Kakaretso ea cholesterol e ipapisitse le mohloli o itseng oa lijo.

Re khetholla joang pakeng tsa cholesterol e mpe le e ntle? Ts'ebetso ena e ntlafatsoa ho nahanisisa ka likarolo tsa likaroloana tsa cholesterol le boholo ba tsona. Kahoo, k'holeseterole e mafura, 'me mafura a hloka liprotheine le lipids e le hore a potolohe ka har'a lijana hammoho le mali. Libakeng tsena tse nyane tse bitsoang lipoprotein, cholesterol, liprotheine le triglycerides li patiloe. Ke tsela eo ba tsamaeang ka likepe tsa rona.

Lipoproteins, ka ho nahana ka tekanyo ea lintho tse kaholimo, li ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse 3:

1. Li-lipoprotein tse tlaase haholo (VLDL, Low Density Lipoproteins) e na le mafura a mangata le li-triglycerides.

2. Li-lipoprotein tse tlaase haholo (LDL, Low Density Lipoproteins) li fapana ka litaba tsa tsona tse mafura, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho tsamaisa 75% ea cholesterol 'meleng oa motho.

3. Qetellong, lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo (HDL, High Density Lipoprotein), e na le protheine e ngata le cholesterol.

K'holeseterole e mpe (LDL)

Ke likarolo tsena tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho tsamaisa palo e kholo ea cholesterol. Ba e nka ka har'a sebete mme ba e isa liseleng tsa lisele tsa 'mele oa motho ka mali. Hang ha boemo ba LDL bo phahama haholo, k'holeseterole e qala ho kenngoa maboteng a methapo ea methapo, e baka mathata a bophelo bo fapaneng. Mohlala, sena se eketsa kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la pelo. Ke ka hona mofuta ona oa lipoprotein o bitsoang "o mobe."

K'holeseterole e ntle (HDL)

Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng tsa HDL li na le boikarabello ba ho tsamaisa cholesterol ho sebete ka sepheo sa ho tlosa ntho ena 'meleng oa motho. Ka mantsoe a mang, mofuta ona oa lipoprotein o thusa ho hloekisa 'mele ea rona e bokelletsoeng ke cholesterol. Sena se sebetsa le litsing tsa rona tsa methapo. Bongata ba li-lipoprotein tsena li na le phepo e ntle molemong oa rona oa bophelo ebile li re sireletsa khahlanong le mafu. Ka lebaka lena, li-lipoprotein tsa cholesterol li bitsoa "hantle."

Matšoao a Cholesterol e Phahameng

Le ha mmele o tloaetse ho lebisa tlhokomelo ea rona ho mafu a ho tsoa ka thuso ea matšoao a fapaneng, sena ha se etsahale haeba palo ea cholesterol maling e nyoloha. Mafura a ntse a bokella 'meleng oa mokuli, ntle le ho romella matšoao. Ka hona, batho ba bang ba fihla maemong a bohlokoa a cholesterol 'meleng ntle le matšoao.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha bothata bona bo le hole haholo, mokuli a ka khathatsoa ke mafu a arterial, myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis, angina pectoris, mathata a ho sisinyeha esita le bothata ba ho bua.

2. Ho kenyelletsoa ha mafura a sa jeoang lijong

Mafura ana a phetseng hantle a fumaneha lijong tse kang oli ea mohloaare, linate, oli e tsoang lipeo tse fapaneng, tlhapi (tlhapi e putsoa, ​​sardine, salmon). Joalokaha u bona, mafura ana a ka fumaneha eseng feela ka litlhapi, empa le lijong tsa tlhaho ea limela, mohlala, li-walnuts le peo.

3. Lijo tse ling tsa limela

Lihlahisoa tsa meroho (litholoana, meroho, linaoa) li na le mafura a seng makae a kotsi. Hoa etsahala hore li na le mafura a sa qhekelloang. Sena se bolela hore lihlahisoa tse joalo ha ho na cholesterol. Ho bohlokoa hape ho hopola hore lijo tse thehiloeng semeleng li na le li-sterols tse thusang ho fokotsa palo ea limolek'hule tsa mali maling.

Ho ile ha hlokomeloa hore phepo e nang le bongata ba lijo tsa limela e na le phello e molemo ho bophelo ba batho ka kakaretso.

7. Tlosa mafura a tsoang lijong tsa hau.

Mahe, lihlahisoa tsa lebese, botoro, nama le lisosebelisoa le tsona ke karolo ea phepo e nepahetseng. Leha ho le joalo, u se ke ua nkoa ke lihlahisoa tse ngata haholo. Ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore ha li na mafura a trans. Tse qetellang li ka eketsa palo ea likarolo tsa mafura maling. Hoa hlokahala ho hana lijo tse nang le khalori e phahameng haholo, hammoho le lijo tse nang le letsoai le tsoekere tse ngata haholo.

Lihlahisoa tse nang le mafura a mangata, cholesterol le letsoai li lokela ho lahloa ka botlalo. Tsena li kenyeletsa li-pastries, li-fried, likuku, likuku tsa chokolete le soda.

Kahoo, re ka fihlela qeto: cholesterol e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa bophelo ba motho. Ho bohlokoa haholo ho khona ho boloka tekanyo ena ea litšila ea mafura. Rea tšepa hore leseli lena le u kholisitse ka bohlokoa ba ho phela bophelo bo botle. e hatisitsoeng ke econet.ru.

Na u rata sengoloa? Ebe o re ts'ehetsa tobetsa:

Li-lipoprotein tse fokolang haholo

Lensity liporrheins e tlase (le lebitso le lekgutshwanyane LDL, density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, ldl) e bitsoa sehlopha sa lipoprotein tsa mali. E lekantsoe ka mmol / L. Ka linako tse ling ho thoe ke "cholesterol" e mpe ka lebaka la hore ke atherogenic e ngata haholo, ho fapana le lipoprotein tse phahameng, tse tla tšohloa hamorao. E thehiloe ka hydrolysis ea lipoprotein tse fokolang haholo tse sebelisang lipoprotein lipase le hepatic lipase. Atherogenicity ke sesupo sa kotsi ea ho ba le ramatiki.

Ke tšobotsi ea hore litaba tsa li-triacylglycerides lia fokotseha, 'me boemo ba lipoprotein tse tlaase bo eketseha. T.O. LDL ke sethala sa ho qetela sa metabolism ea lipids tse entsoeng ka har'a sebete. Mosebetsi oa bona ke ho fetisetsa cholesterol, triacylglycerides, tocopherols, carotenoids, jj.

Ha e le sebopeho, karoloana ena e kenyelletsa apolipoprotein, e tsitsitseng sebopeho sa lipoprotein e tlaase.

LDL le maloetse

Joalokaha ho boletsoe kaholimo, mosebetsi oa LDL ke ho isa cholesterol ho linama. Tekanyo e phahameng ea LDL e lebisa ho atherosclerosis. Deposits e hlaha marakong a methapo e meholo le e bohareng, mme mesebetsi ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo e senyehile. Ho na le khokahano lipakeng tsa LDL le menyetla e eketsehang ea ho holofatsa maloetse a amanang le ho senyeha ha methapo ea methapo, ho bokellana ha lipid le ho se sebetse hantle ha endothelium ea vascular. Sena se lebisa khatellong ea methapo ea methapo le tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo, e lebisang ho lefu la myocardial, stroke. Ho tsebahala hore lipoprotein tse nyane tse fokolang li ba atherogenic haholoanyane.

Ha e le mefuta ea lefutso, hypercholesterolemia ea lefutso ea khetholoha.

Haeba u kheloha litekanyetso tse khothalletsoang, li bontša kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la pelo le lefu la pelo.

Kotsi ea LDL e phahameng ke eng?

Tsoelo-pele ea atherosulinosis e tsamaisana le ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha lebota la vascular, bokhoni bo sa sekisetseng ba sekepe ho otloloha ka phallo ea mali, hammoho le ho fokotseha hoa lumen ea sekepe ka lebaka la keketseho ea boholo ba lesela la atherosselotic (likhakanyo tsa LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, jj.). Sena sohle se lebisa phallo ea mali e sa foleng, ho eketseha ha microthrombi le microcirculation e sa sebetseng.

Ho ipapisitsoe le sebaka seo maikutlo a methapo ea methapo ea mahlo a amanang le lefu lena a tsoang ho sona, matšoao a hlaha:

• IHD (coronary arteriosulinosis),
• INC (ischemia e tlase le matsoho ka lebaka la liso tsa methapo ea methapo ea maoto le mpa ea mpa),
• ischemia ea "cerebral ischemia" (e fokotsang matla ea lumen ea lijana tsa molala le boko), jj.

LDL e fumanoa maemong afe?

Boemo ba LDL le kotsi ea ho ba le mafu a pelo le vascular bo amana ka kotloloho. Ha boemo bo holimo ba "lipoprotein" bo tlase maling, bo na le menyetla e mengata ea mokuli ea nang le methapo ea methapo ea pelo.

Ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mali khafetsa bakeng sa LDL ho u lumella ho bona ho se leka-lekane ha lipid ka nako 'me u khethe mokhoa oa ho fokotsa lipid bakeng sa mokuli mme, haeba ho hlokahala, leano la khalemelo ea lithethefatsi maemong a cholesterol.

Tlhatlhobo ena e khothalletsoa hang ka selemo hore e fetisetse ho batho bohle ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 35. Haeba ho na le mabaka a kotsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea maloetse a pelo, tlhahlobo e thibelang e ka etsoa hangata khafetsa. Hape, ho hlahlojoa ho bontšoa hore na mokuli o na le:

• botenya
• lefu la tsoekere
• lefu la sebete
• Psychology
• pancreatitis e sa foleng le cholecystitis,
• litletlebo tsa ho hema hanyane, ho fokola hoa mesifa, mokhathala, ho tsekela, ho lebala,
• litletlebo tsa bohloko maotong, li matlafatsoa ke ho tsamaea, ho tsitsipana hoa maoto, serame sa maoto le matsoho, pallor kapa redness ea maoto, jj.

Li-lipoprotein tse fokolang haholo tekong ea mali le tsona lia hlahlojoa nakong ea kemaro. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore keketseho e leka-lekaneng ea k'holeseterole nakong ea pelehi ea bana e tloaelehile mme ha e hloke kalafo. Leha ho le joalo, ka keketseho e kholo maemong a lipoprotein tse tlaase-tlaase, kotsi ea ho tsoa mpa ka tšohanyetso, phallo ea mali ea fetoplacental, ho senyeheloa ke mpa, ho lieha ho hola ha lesea, ho tsoaloa pele ho nako, joalo-joalo hoa eketseha.

Maemo a tlase a cholesterol ea LDL le HDL nakong ea kemolo a ka boela a supa likotsi tse kholo tsa ho ba le chefo ea morao-rao, hammoho le ho tsoa mali nakong ea pelehi.

Lintho tse kotsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis le methapo ea methapo ea pelo

Ka tloaelo, cholesterol ea LDL e phahamisitsoe ho:

• ba tsubang
• bakuli ba sebelisang joala hampe, mafura, lijo tse halikiloeng le tse tsubeloang, liswiti, phofo, jj.
• bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere haholo,
• batho ba phelang bophelo ba ho lula fatše,
• bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho hlobaela le khatello ea maikutlo khafetsa,
• bakuli ba nang le nalane e boima ea lelapa (beng ka bona ba nang le methapo ea pelo).

Hape, LDL maling e phahama ha ho na le li-pathologies tsa sebete tse sa foleng, manyeme, khaello ea vithamine, ho se leka-lekane ha lefu la lipid, jj.

Matšoao bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa ha li-lipoprotein tse tlaase haholo

Sebaka sa lipid sea hlahlojoa:

• Ho netefatsa kapa ho hana ho ba teng ha lesapo la mokokotlo la masapo,
• ka tlhahlobo e felletseng ea bakuli ba nang le mafu a sebete, manyeme, jaundice, hammoho le methapo ea tsamaiso ea endocrine,
• Ha u hlahloba bakuli ba nang le ho se leka-lekane ha lefu la sethoathoa,
• ho lekola likotsi tsa lefu la pelo le ho bona hore na o tla lekana joang.

Ho baloa ha coheroffe ea atherogenic e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya karolelano ea cholesterol e felletseng (OH) le lipoprotein tse phahameng, hammoho le kotsi ea ho ba le tšenyo e matla ea methapo ea pelo. Ha karolelano ea karolelano e le ngata, menyetla ea bona e ba ngata haholo.

Coheroffhene ea Atherogenic = (OH-HDL) / HDL.

Ka tloaelo, karolelano ea HDL ho cholesterol e felletseng (LDL + VLDL le HDL) e maemong a pakeng tsa 2 ho isa ho 2,5 (boleng bo lumelletsoeng ba basali ke 3.2, mme ke banna ba 3.5).

Tloaelo ea lipoprotein tse tlaase haholo

Mekhoa ea litaba tsa LDL e itšetlehile ka bong ba motho le lilemo tsa hae. Tloaelo ea LDL maling a basali nakong ea kemaro e eketseha ho latela nako ea kemaro. Ho kanna ha ba le phapang e nyane ts'ebetsong ha u feta liteko lithutong tse fapaneng tsa mahlale (sena se bakoa ke phapang ea lisebelisoa le li-reagents tse sebelisitsoeng). Tabeng ena, tlhahlobo ea LDL maling e lokela ho etsoa feela ke setsebi.

Tloaelo ea LDL ho banna le basali

Phapang pakeng tsa bong le bong litlhahlobong li bakoa ke liphapang tsa lihormone. Ho basali, pele ho nako ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli, tekanyo e phahameng ea estrogen e theola cholesterol ea LDL maling. Sena se kenya letsoho ho thehoeng ha ts'ireletso ea tlhaho ea lihormone khahlanong le lefu la methapo ea methapo le pelo. Bakeng sa banna, ka lebaka la ho ata ha androgens, litekanyetso tsa LDL maling li phahame hanyane ho basali. Ka hona, ba na le atherosclerosis e atisang ho tsebahala ba sa le banyenyane haholo.

LDL cholesterol e ka har'a banna le basali ka lilemo:

Ho bolelang ha lipoprotein tse fokolang li phahamisoa

LDL cholesterol e phahame ho bakuli ba nang le:

• mefuta e fapaneng ea lefutso ea lipid (hypercholesterolemia le hypertriglyceridemia),
• ho nona haholo
• methapo e matla ea renal (ho ba teng ha nephrotic syndrome, ho se sebetse hantle ha masapo),
• jaundice e thibelang,
• endocrine pathologies (lefu la tsoekere, lefu la hypothyroidism, lefu la adrenal gland, polycystic ovary syndrome, jj.),
• mokhathala.

Lebaka la k'holeseterole e nyelisitsoeng ea maemo a tlase ho litekolo e ka ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse fapaneng (beta-blockers, diuretics, glucocorticosteroid mahormone, jj.).

LDL cholesterol e theotsoe

Litekanyetso tse fokotsehileng tsa LDL li ka bonoa ho bakuli ba nang le lefutso la lefutso le hypotriglyceridemia, khaello ea mali e sa foleng, malabsorption ka mala.

Hape, cholestyramine ®, lovastatin ®, thyroxine ®, estrogen, jj, e lebisa ho fokotseha ha maemo a lipid.

U ka theola cholesterol ea LDL joang maling

Phekolo eohle e fokotsang lipid e lokela ho laeloa ke ngaka e eang ho latela sephetho sa liteko. Ha e le molao, litokisetso tsa statin (lovastatin ®, simvastatin ®), li-sequence tsa bile acid (cholestyramine ®), li-fibrate (clofibrate ®), jj.

Ho khothalletsoa le li-multivitamine le li-supplement tse nang le magnesium le omega-3. Ho ea ka lipontšo, thibelo ea thrombosis (li-antiplatelet agents le anticoagulants) e kanna ea beoa.

U ka fokotsa cholesterol ea LDL joang ntle le meriana?

Lijo le khalemelo ea bophelo li etsoa e le tlatsetso ea bohlokoa kalafong ea lithethefatsi.E le mekhoa e ikemetseng ea kalafo, e ka sebelisoa feela methating ea pele ea atherosclerosis.

Tabeng ena, ho khothalletsoa ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele, ho fokotsa boima ba' mele, ho khaotsa ho tsuba le ho ja lijo tse nang le cholesterol e ngata.