Mokhoa oa ho laola tsoekere ea mali

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Tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali (tsoekere e nepahetse ho bolela) ho motho ea phetseng hantle e maemong a 3.0-6.1 μmol / L. Ho kheloha hofe kapa hofe ho tloaelehileng ho kotsi ho bophelo bo botle mme ho supa tlolo ea metabolism ea carbohydrate. Ho lemoha ha bona ka nako le kalafo ho tla thusa ho boloka tšebetso ea litho tsa bohlokoa.

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Taolo ea tsoekere ea mali

Ha e le hantle, tsoekere e kena 'meleng ka lijo' me e kenella maling a mali ka mpeng ea gastrointestinal. Karolo ea eona e behiloe ka mokhoa oa glycogen sebeteng, phomolo e ea litlhoko tsa 'mele. Ka tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea tsoekere (ka mohlala, nakong ea ho ikoetlisa haholo), glycogen e robeha hape ho glucose, e kenang maling le e sebelisoang e le mohloli oa matla.

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E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mekhoa (ho monya tsoekere, ho kenella ka har'a sebete, phetoho ea glycogen) e laoloa ke litho tsa neuroendocrine - manyeme, litšoelesa tsa adrenal, gland ea pituitary le hypothalamus. Ho sitisoa ha ntho efe kapa efe ea ketane ho lebisa phetohong ea 'malo oa tsoekere maling ho ea ka keketseho ea eona kapa ea fokotseha.

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Insulin e nang le mokokotlo e ikarabella bakeng sa tšebeliso ea tsoekere le ho fokotseha hoa boemo ba eona maling. E hlahisoa ke lisele tsa islet (alpha le beta) tsa manyeme. Ka thuso ea insulin, tsoekere e ka kena liseleng (ho bonahala e le senotlolo se bulang monyako oa tsoekere ka seleng), 'me ka tsoekere e feteletseng e kenya letsoho phetohong ea eona ho glycogen le polokelo ka har'a sebete. Ts'ebetso tsena li boetse li laoloa maemong a pituitary le hypothalamus ea boko.

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Sehlopha se seng sa lihormone, seo ka tloaelo se bitsoang li-contrainsular (se lebisa ho litlamorao tse fapaneng), se hlohlelletsa ho lokolloa ha tsoekere maling ho tsoa depong le ts'ebeliso ea eona ke 'mele. Tsena li kenyelletsa glucagon, adrenaline, norepinephrine le glucocorticosteroids (ho tloha gland ea adrenal), thyroxine (ho tsoa ho tšoelesa ea qoqotho).

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Ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo le e utloisang bohloko e ama maemo a tsoekere ea mali. Ya pele e kenngwa tlasa khatello ya maikutlo, ka ho latellana, e eketsa boleng ba tsoekere, mme ya bobeli e hlole bosiu bosiu maemong a khutsitseng a motho - hangata nakong ea boroko. Ka hona, litekanyo tsa tsoekere bosiu le hoseng haholo ke tsona tse tlase haholo mme hangata li ikemiselitse ho laola le ho bona mafu.

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Sena sea khahla! Grama e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsoekere 'meleng oa motho e "boima" ba "kilocalories" tse ka bang 3,75. Hammoho le mafura, tsoekere ke o mong oa "mehloli" e khethiloeng. E fana ka hoo e ka bang ka botlalo litlhoko tsa matla a boko, ke ka hona phello e susumetsang ea lipompong tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea kelello e hokahaneng. Boko bo ja hoo e ka bang 60% ea likhaba tsohle tse kenang 'meleng. Mofuteng oa mali oa motho ea boima ba lik'hilograma tse 70 ho na le tsoekere e ka bang 4 g.

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Ka ho fokotseha

Haeba boleng ba tsoekere bo theoleloa boemong bo behang bophelo kotsing, mohlala, nakong ea ho ikoetlisa ka boima ba 'mele kapa ka lebaka la ho itima lijo nako e telele, lisele tsa "alpha" tsa pancreatic lia kenella. Li etsa hoo e ka bang 15-20% ea boima ba lisele tsohle tsa litho mme li hlahisa tsoekere ea lihormone, e sebetsang ho sebete, moo ho bolokoang mabenkele a glycogen. Glucagon e khothalletsa phetoho ea glycogen ho tsoekere, e lebisang keketseho ea tsoekere ea mali. Kahoo, 'mele o sebetsana le khaello ea matla.

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Ka keketseho

Nako le nako, maemo a tsoekere ea mali a eketseha. Lebaka la sena ke ho sokoloha ha glycogen ho glucose, kapa tšebeliso ea tsoekere ho tsoa lijong.Maemong ana, phetoho ea lisele tsa beta tsa manyeme, tse etsang bongata ba lisele tsa islet (ho fihla ho 80%). Ba hlahisa hormone e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa, e leng insulin, e thusang tsoekere ho kena liseleng.

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Glucose e feteletseng e fetoha glycogen (hape e le tlasa tšusumetso ea insulin) ebe e kena depong, moo e bolokiloeng ho fihlela mmele o ikutloa o e hloka. Mehloli ea eona e lekane bonyane ka letsatsi.

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Haeba motho a sa je ka lihora tse 'maloa, boemo ba tsoekere bo fokotseha,' me makhopho a hlahisa glucagon. E bontša sebete hore ke nako ea ho "arolelana" matla a polokelo ka glycogen, ho e fetola tsoekere. E qetella e kene maling, e nchafatse lisebelisoa ho fihlela motho a ka ja hape.

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Qetellong ha tsoekere e fihla ka lijo, 'mele o sebelisa matla ao o a hlokang,' me e eketsehileng ka thuso ea "insulin e boetse e bolokiloe" ka pokellong "ea mofuta oa glycogen.

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Tloaelo ho batho ba baholo

Lintho tse ngata li susumetsa boemo ba glucose ba motho ea phetseng hantle maling, ea etellang pele ho bona ke nako e setseng kamora ho ja. Ka karolelano, tsoekere ea homeostasis e fana ka phapang ea tsoekere ea mali nakong ea letsatsi ka bongata ba 3.3-6.9 mmol / l (61-125 mg / dl).

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Litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa tsoekere (ho batho ba phetseng hantle) maling a capillary (ho tloha monoaneng):

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• pele ho lijo, 3.3-5.5 mmol / l (61-99 mg / dl),
• nakong ea lihora tse peli ka mor'a lijo - eseng tse phahameng ho feta 7.8 mmol / L (140 mg / dl).

Ho fokotseha hanyane ho boleng ba "glucose" bo loketseng maling ho latela lilemo, sena se bontšoa tafoleng e ka tlase. Leha ho le joalo ka moriana o sebelisang lingaka tse ngata li latela datha tsena. WHO e thehile meeli e ts'oanang e phahameng ea tsoekere e potlakileng ho banna le basali, ho kenyeletsoa basali ba bakhachane, ba lilemo life kapa life (kamora lilemo tse 18) - 3,3-5.5 mmol / l (61-99 mg / dl). Mme matšoao a 5.5 ho isa ho 6.9 μmol / L a hloka tlhahlobo e qaqileng haholoanyane ea prediabetes kapa lefu la tsoekere.

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Ka moriana o sebetsang, mehopolo ea boemo bo tloaelehileng ba tsoekere (3.3-5.5 mmol / L), e amohelehang (3.0-6.1 mmol / L), e bohlokoa (ka tlase ho 2.8 mmol / L le ka holimo ho 7.9 mmol) e khethollotsoe. / l) - Tabeng ena hypoglycemia kapa hyperglycemia e etsahala, mme ho ba sieo ha kalafo ho tletse ka tlolo e tebileng ea ts'ebetso ea litho tsa ka hare, le ho bolaoa (ho feta 20 μmol / l).

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Tafole - Tloaelo ea matšoao a ho itšoaetsa tsoekere ea mali ho batho ba baholo

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Ho basali, keketseho ea litekanyetso tsa tsoekere ea mali e fumanoa hangata kamora lilemo tse 50, tse amanang le liphetoho tsa lihormone le ho qala ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli. Ho banna, sena se tlalehiloe khafetsa kamora lilemo tse 55-60.

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Ha u lekanya boemo ba tsoekere maling bo sebelisa li-glucometer tse nkehang, ho hlokahala hore u nahane ka phoso e lumelletsoeng bona mme ho latela moetsi le sesebelisoa ka boeona.

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Tekanyo ea tsoekere pele ho lijo e bitsoa tsoekere e tlang pele ho lijo, kapa bonyane metsotso e 90 ka mor'a ho ja) - postprandial.

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Tekanyo ea glucose ea mali ho batho ba nang le mofuta o mong le o mong oa lefu la tsoekere e fapana le eo ba e amohelang ka kakaretso. Li bitsoa tse boletsoeng, tse phahameng hanyane ho feta tekanyetso 'me li behiloe ka mokhoa o fapaneng ke endocrinologist. Leha ho le joalo, ho laola ho fokotseha ha tsoekere, ho bohlokoa ho feta eseng ka linako tse ling litekanyetso tsa eona, empa boikemisetso ba hemoglobin ea glycated - ka boemo ba eona u ka ahlola hore na motho o ba le maemo a hyperglycemic ao a ka bang a sa tsebe (mohlala, nakong ea boroko ba bosiu).

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Tekanyo e tlase ea tsoekere ea mali e bakiloe ke mosebetsi o eketsehileng oa bana. Selelekela sa lefu la tsoekere kapa boteng ba sona se lokela ho tsotelloa maemong a tsoekere a fetang 6.1 μmol / L. Matšoao a hypoglycemia e hlaha ka boleng ba 2,5 2.5mol / L kapa tlase.

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Melao ea boleng 5.5-6.1 μmol / L e hloka tlhahlobo e hlokolosi ho hlakisa lisosa tsa boemo le ho hana kapa ho tiisa lefu la tsoekere.

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Liteko tsa tsoekere ea mali

Teko ea tsoekere ea mali ke ea batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere haholo. Leha ho le joalo, litlhahlobo tsa nako le nako li lokela ho hlokahala ho motho e mong le e mong (hang ka selemo kapa tse peli). Sena se hlokahala haholo boteng ba litletlebo (ho pheta-pheta ha basali, ho folisa leqeba le sa kuleng, lenyora le kamehla, ho fokotseha hoa mmele, joalo-joalo), batho ba kotsing (ka boima bo feteletseng, lefutso, kamora lilemo tse 40), nakong ea kemolo - ho senola lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa lefu la tsoekere.

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Teko ea tsoekere ea mali e potlakileng ke tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo - e thusa ho tseba lihlopha tsa batho ba nang le monyetla oa lefu la tsoekere kapa ba nang le lefu le ipatileng. Boithuto bo boetse bo thusa ho lekola kalafo e tsoelang pele, ho bohlokoa tlhahlobisong ea maemo a 'maloa ho batho.

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Bakeng sa thuto e qaqileng haholoanyane ea ts'ebetso ea pancreatic, tlhahlobo ea mamello ea tsoekere e fanoa - 'mele o "imetsoe" tsoekere (e hloka ho taoa), ebe litekanyetso tsa mali a eona li hlahlojoa.

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Ho pepela glucose e potlakileng

Tlhahlobo e bonts'a hore na glucose e ngata maling maling kamora ho itima lijo ka nako ea pele bakeng sa bonyane lihora tse 8 le tse fetang tse 14. Bakeng sa phuputso ena, ba sebelisa mali a venous - sena ke seo ba se etsang libakeng tsa laboratori - le capillary (ho tloha monoaneng).

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Litokisetso tsa thuto li tjena:

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• Ka lihora tse 8-10 ha ho na letho leo u ka le jang,
• lino tse tahang li behelletsoe ka thoko letsatsi le fetileng
• ha ho na tlhoko ea ho latela lijo tse khethehileng - mokhoa oa ho ja o lokela ho ba o tloaelehileng,
• E lumelletsoe ho noa metsi ka letsatsi la thuto, hlatsoa menoana ea hau,
• haeba motho a sebelisa lithethefatsi tse theolelang tsoekere (ka mohlala, Metformin), ho hlokahala hore o hlahlobe le ngaka hore na ho hlokahala hore ba tsamaee.

Teko ea ho mamella glucose ea molomo (liteko tsa boikoetliso)

Teko ea mamello ea glucose ea molomo (PHT kapa GTT) eu lumella ho tseba hore na 'mele o arabela joang phallo ea glucose maling. Hoa ts'oaroa ha ho etsoa tlhahlobo ea litekanyetso tsa glucose tse belaetsang ho hlakisa tlhahlobo eo.

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Teko ea mamello e etsoa hoseng. Boemo ba bohlokoa ke hore matsatsi a 3 pele ho thuto, ha ho hlokahale hore u fokotse tšebeliso ea lik'habohaedreite (tse fetang 150 g ea lik'habohaedreite ka letsatsi). Tlhahlobo e etsoa feela ka mpeng e se nang letho (kamora ho qeta lihora tse 8-14). Ho noa metsi bosiung ba thuto ho lumeletsoe, o ka hlatsoa sefahleho le sefahleho.

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Morero oa ho mamella teko ea tsoekere:

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1. Mothusi oa laboratori o etsa sampole ea pele ea mali ka mpeng e se nang letho, boemo ba tsoekere ea mali bo ikemiselitse.
2. Mokuli o noa ligrase tse 75 g tse qhibilihang ka 250-300 ml ea metsi. Haeba tlhahlobo e etsoa bakeng sa ngoana, tekanyo ea tsoekere ke 1,75 g ka kilog ea boima ba 'mele. U hloka ho noa sirapo ea tsoekere ka nako e sa feteng metsotso e 5, bakeng sa mamello e ntle, o ka eketsa lero la lemone le sa tsoa hlatsoa.
3. Kamora lihora tse peli, mokuli ha a khone ho ja letho. Ha ho na ho tsuba ho lumelloang.
4. Lihora tse peli kamora ho sampole ea pele ea mali, ho etsoa sampole ea mali e phetoang.

Ho hlahlojoa matšoao a mabeli, motheong oa ona ho hlakile hore na 'mele o sebetsana le boima ba glucose hakae, ebang ho na le lefu la tsoekere kapa ntho e reriloeng esale pele ho lona.

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Tafole - Teko ea mamello ea glucose

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Sistimi ea ho hlahloba Mali a Mali a Tsoekere

• E tsitsisa maemo a tsoekere nako e telele
• E khutlisa tlhahiso ea insulin ea "pancreatic"

Bakeng sa kalafo ea manonyeletso, babali ba rona ba sebelisitse DiabeNot ka katleho. Ha re bona sehlahisoa sena se tsebahala, re nkile qeto ea ho e ela hloko.

Boemo ba glycemia ke e 'ngoe ea litekanyetso tsa mantlha tsa ho hlahloba lits'ebetso tsa metabolic' meleng oa motho.Kaha glucose ke mohloli o ka sehloohong oa matla, ho bohlokoa ho boloka ntho ena e le meeling e tloaelehileng.

Ts'ebetso ea ho hlahisa matla e rarahane haholo, tsoekere ea pele e kena maling le lijo, makhopho a hlahisang insulin e ba karabo ea keketseho ea tsoekere. Ke Hormone ena e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho theola glycemia.

Insulin e thusa ho eketsa tekanyo ea permeability ea membrane ea lisele, eo ka eona tsoekere e kenang maling. Tsoekere e ngata e fetoleloa ho triglycerides, glycogen bakeng sa polokelo ea matla.

Sele efe kapa efe 'meleng e itšetlehile ka tekanyo ea tsoekere e maling, ka lebaka lena ho bohlokoa ho lekola tsoekere khafetsa. U hloka ho tseba hore glycemia e eketseha hang ka mor'a lijo, ha lik'habohaedreite tse potlakileng le li-polysaccharides li theotsoa ho tsoekere. E le hore tsoekere e se ke ea eketseha, o lokela ho sebelisa li-carbohydrate tse liehang ho feta, tse nang le index ea glycemic e tlase.

Boleng ba glucose bo ka fapana:

1. ka keketseho ea mocheso oa 'mele,
2. ho ikoetlisa ka matla
3. maemong a sithabetsang.

Mekhoa e meng e thusa ho tsamaisa tsoekere ea mali: gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis. Ea pele e kenyelletsa tlhahiso ea tsoekere ho metsoako ea manyolo, ea bobeli e kenyelletsa sebopeho sa eona ho tsoa glycogen, e fumanehang mokokotlong oa marapo a sebete.

Taolo ea lefu la tsoekere

Ho hlokomela glycemia hoa hlokahala bakeng sa tlhahlobo e tlang ka nako le taolo e phahameng ea lefu la tsoekere. Hajoale ho sebelisoa mekhoa e 'meli ho khetholla matšoao a tsoekere ea mali: tlhahlobo ea glycemia e potlakileng, tlhahlobo ea khatello ea tsoekere.

Mali bakeng sa ho ithuta ka maemo a glycemic a nkuoa monoaneng, pele ho tlhahlobo, mokuli o lokela ho hana ho ja lijo bonyane lihora tse 8.

Teko ea ho mamella tsoekere e fa mokuli lijo tse tloaelehileng. Boithuto bo etsoa ka mpeng e se nang letho, etsa bonnete ba hore ka mor'a lihora tse 10 tsa ho itima lijo, ho tlohela ho tsuba, ho noa joala.

Lingaka li hane ho etsa tlhahlobo ea maikutlo, haeba lefu la tsoekere le le maemong a sithabetsang bakeng sa mmele, ho ka ba:

• hypothermia
• ho mpefala ha lefu la sebete la sebete,
• nako ea ho beleha
• mekhoa ea tšoaetso.

Pele ho tlhahlobo, ho bontšoa hore lithethefatsi tse ka amang maemo a tsoekere ea mali li bontšitsoe: lihormone, li-diuretics, li-antidepressants, lithibela-mafu, lintho tsa psychotropic.

Ntle le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea laboratori ea ho bona matšoao a glycemia, lisebelisoa tse nkehang tsa ho lekola tsoekere ea mali ka ntle ho setsi sa bongaka li ka sebelisoa.

Taolo ea tsoekere

Bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba lokela ho tseba ho laola tsoekere ea bona ea mali ntle le hore ba tlohe hae. Bakeng sa merero ena, ho khothalletsoa ho reka sesebelisoa se ikhethang - glucometer. Liphetho tse fumanoeng ka ho sebelisa sesebelisoa li tšepahala haholo

Ka glycemia e tsitsitseng, taolo ea tsoekere ho mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere e kanna ea se ke ea e-ba thata, empa ho hlahloba maemo a tsoekere khafetsa ho ke ke ha qojoa ka mofuta oa pele oa lefu, tšenyo ea liphio ea bobeli e bakoang ke lefu la tsoekere. Hape, taolo ea tsoekere e bontšoa ho basali ba baimana ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, glycemia e sa tsitsang.

Limithara tsa kajeno tsa tsoekere ea mali li khona ho sebetsa ka mali a manyane, li na le daari e hahelletsoeng moo litekanyo tsohle tsa tsoekere li tlalehiloeng. Hangata, ho fumana sephetho se nepahetseng, lerotholi le le leng la mali le lekane, o ka khona ho laola tsoekere ea mali nako efe kapa efe le kae kapa kae.

Leha ho le joalo, tekanyo ea glycemia sepetlele e na le tlhaiso-leseling. Sekhahla sa tsoekere se nkuoa se tloaelehile haeba se fetoha phapang pakeng tsa:

• ho tloha 3,3 ho isa ho 5.5 mmol / litha (ka madi a capillary),
• ho tloha ho 4,4 ho isa ho 6,6 mmol / litha (ka mali a venous).

Ha lipalo tse phahameng li fumanoa kapa li le tlase haholo, re bua ka hypoglycemia kapa hyperglycemia, maemo a joalo a kotsi ka ho lekana bakeng sa bophelo ba motho, a ka tsosetsa ho tsitsipana, ho felloa ke letsoalo le mathata a mang.

Motho ea se nang lefu la tsoekere hangata ha a na mathata a itseng ka khatello ea tsoekere. Sena se hlalosoa ke ho phatloha ha glycogen ho sebete, mafura le mesifa ea masapo.

Tsoekere e ka fokotseha tlasa maemo a ho lapa ka nako e telele, ho tepella ho hlakileng ha 'mele, matšoao e tla ba: bofokoli bo matla ba mesifa, thibelo ea karabelo ea psychomotor.

Hyperglycemia le hypoglycemia

Hyperglycemia e lokela ho utloisisoa e le keketseho ea glycemia, boemo bona bo fumanoa ha sephetho sa tlhahlobo se bonts'a lipalo tse kaholimo ho 6.6 mmol / litha. Tabeng ea hyperglycemia, ho bontšoa ho etsa taolo e phetoa ea tsoekere ea mali, tlhahlobo e phetoa makhetlo a 'maloa bekeng. Haeba matšoao a bonts'itsoeng a fumaneha hape, ngaka e tla belaela lefu la tsoekere.

Linomoro tse pakeng tsa 6.6 ho isa ho 11mmol / litha e supa tlolo ea ho hanyetsa li-carbohydrate, ka hona, tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ea mamello ea glucose e lokela ho etsoa. Haeba mokhoa ona oa ho etsa lipatlisiso o bontša tsoekere e fetang lintlha tse 11, motho o na le lefu la tsoekere.

Mokuli ea joalo o laetsoe lijo tse matla ka ho fetesisa, ka ho se sebetse, ho khothalletsoa lithethefatsi tse ling ho tloaetsa glycemia. Phekolo ea bohlokoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang ke ho ikoetlisa ka tsela e leka-lekaneng.

Tlhokahalo e ka sehloohong eo ka eona batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba laolang tsoekere ea bona habonolo ke mofuta o nepahetseng, o kenyeletsang ho ja khafetsa, khafetsa. Ho bohlokoa ho se kenye lijo ka botlalo lijong:

1. ka index e phahameng ea glycemic,
2. lik'habohaedreite tse bonolo.

E bonts'oa ho tlosa lihlahisoa tsa phofo ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, li nkeloe bohobe le korong.

Hypoglycemia ke boemo bo fapaneng, ha tsoekere ea mali e fokotseha ho ea maemong a bohlokoa. Haeba motho a phetse hantle, hangata ha a utloe ho fokotseha ha glycemia, empa lefu la tsoekere, ho fapana le moo, le hloka kalafo.

Lisosa tsa tsoekere e fokotsehileng e ka ba: ho haella ha lik'habohaedreite, tlala ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere, ho se leka-lekane ha lihormone, ho ikoetlisa ka ho lekaneng 'meleng.

Hape, tekanyetso e kholo ea joala e ka baka ho fokotseha ha tsoekere ea mali.

Mokhoa oa ho boloka tsoekere e tloaelehileng

Tharollo e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa taolo ea glycemic ke tloaelo ea lijo, hobane tsoekere e kena 'meleng ho tsoa lijong. Ho lekane ho latela melao e itseng e thusang ho se ferekanye metabolism.

Ho na le thuso ho ja sardine, salmon, tlhapi e joalo e ama metabolism ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha mafura a acid. Ho fokotsa lipontšo tsa lefu la tsoekere thusa tamati, litlama, liapole. Haeba motho a khetha ho ja lipompong, ho molemo ho khetha chokolete e ntšo ea tlhaho. O ka etsa lethathamo la lijo tse joalo fonong, 'me sena se tla o thusa ho etsa khetho e nepahetseng.

Ka tšebeliso ea furu, ho ka khoneha hore metabolism ea carbohydrate e fumanehe, ka ho fokotsa menyetla ea liphetoho tsa tsoekere.

Ho ikoetlisa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng ho kenya letsoho ho tataiseng matšoao a glycemia:

1. liikoetliso tse fapaneng li ja glycogen hantle,
2. tsoekere, e tlang le lijo, ha e eketse tsoekere.

Ho tlameha ho hopoloa hore lefu la tsoekere le kenyelletsa mokhoa o itseng oa bophelo. Haeba u latela litlhahiso, boloka bophelo bo botle le ho laola tsoekere ea mali, mokuli ha a na mafu a kopaneng ebile ha a utloe matšoao a lefu la tsoekere. Thibelo e 'ngoe e tla thusa ho qoba ho lahleheloa ke pono ea lefu la tsoekere.

Video e sehloohong sena e tla fana ka leseli le felletseng mabapi le maemo a tsoekere ea mali.

• E tsitsisa maemo a tsoekere nako e telele
• E khutlisa tlhahiso ea insulin ea "pancreatic"

Ke lero lefe ho noa le lefu la tsoekere

Lefu la tsoekere ke lefu le tšoauoang ke mofuta o sa foleng, kalafo eo karolo ea bohlokoa e fuoang mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa phepo e khethehileng. Phekolo ea phepo e nepahetseng e thehiloe kenyelletsong ea lintho tse ka lematsang 'mele' me tsa lebisa litlamorao tse sa rateheng. Bakuli ba bangata ba na le potso e nepahetseng, hore na lino tse tahang li ka jeoa ke lefu la tsoekere le hore na li tla ama boemo ba bophelo joang.

Rua molemo kapa u utloise bohloko

Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lino-mapholi tse ngata tse nang le lefu lena lia thusa, kaha li kenya letsoho ho potlakisa lits'ebetso tsa metabolic. Ka nako e ts'oanang, lihlahisoa tse tsoang ho litholoana le meroho e meng ha li khothalletsoe ho jelloa, ka lebaka la hore li na le tsoekere e ngata kapa likarolo tse ling tse sa rateheng ho lefu la tsoekere.

Bakuli ba lokela ho tsebisoa hore li-diabetes ha li na ho senngoa ke lino tse ncha tse tsoang merohong le litholoana tse holiloeng libakeng tse hloekileng tsa tikoloho. Mabapi le lero lefe kapa lefe, lihlahisoa tsa makotikoti tse nang le li-preservatives, dae, li-keketso tsa lik'hemik'hale ntlheng ena ha re sa bua. Lihlahisoa tse joalo li ke ke tsa tlisa melemo efe kapa efe ho 'mele, haholo-holo ho nahanela taba ea hore ba fuoe kalafo ea mocheso. Meroho ke mehloli ea livithamini, liminerale le likarolo tsa trace, tse hlokahalang haholo bakeng sa 'mele ho eketsa molumo le ho matlafatsa ho itšireletsa mafung.

Joale ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka bohlokoa ba lero le leng le le leng la lefu la tsoekere mme o utloisise ka ho hlaka hore na ke mang ea ka noelloang le ea sa khoneng.

Lero la tamati

Lero la tamati le nkoa e le lona le nepahetseng bakeng sa tšebeliso ea lefu la tsoekere. O ka e noella ka lefu la tsoekere ntle le tšabo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, lero la langa le le lej le phetseng hantle ebile le monate, le ruile ka:

• potasiamo
• tšepe
• magnesium
• calcium
• sodium
• malic, citric acid,
• livithamini.

Lero la tamati le sa tsoa pepesoa le molemo ho matlafatsa tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo, e leng tšireletso e ntle ea lefu la tsoekere. Ntle le moo, e ama hantle ts'ebetso ea methapo mme e potlakisa ts'ebetso ea metabolic 'meleng.

Jusi ea Beetroot

Ho noa lero la beet ho tsoekere ha ho thibeloe. Li-beet tse sa tsoa khuoa li na le sodium, calcium le chlorine, ka lebaka leo e nang le phello e ntle sebopeho sa mali, e hloekisa liphio le sebete ka mokhoa o phethahetseng, hape e le se khothalletsang lits'ebetso tsa metabolic. Sehlahisoa sena se thusa ka ho ts'oaroa nakong ea mafu a sa foleng le mathata a mang a tsamaiso ea tšilo, ha a na tsoekere e ngata, kahoo o ka e sebelisa ka bongata bo tloaelehileng.

Jusi ea rantipole

Jusi ea rantipole e tsebahala ka litšobotsi tsa eona tse phetseng hantle. E kenyelletsa tataiso ea vithamine eohle, liminerale tse ngata, beta le alpha carotenes. Ho e noesa ka lefu la tsoekere ha ho khonehe feela, empa hape ho khothalelitsoe haholo. Ke antioxidant e matla, e na le phello e ntle tšebetsong ea pelo, litho tsa pono, e ntlafatsa boemo ba letlalo le ho fokotsa cholesterol maling.

Lero la litapole

Sekhooa sa litapole se sa tsoa tsoakoa ke se hloekisang mahlo haholo. Ho bohlokoa ho e noa ka khatello e phahameng ea mali, mathata a metabolic, mafu a pelo le mafu a fapa-fapaneng. Ntle le moo, lero la litapole le sebelisoa e le hypoglycemic le diuretic, mme sebopeho sa lona se na le phosphorus, magnesium le potasiamo. Meroho e tsoang merohong e meng le eona e bohlokoa, ho etsa mohlala, hop le likomkomere.

Mokopu oa mokopu

E thusa tsoekere le lero la mokopu. Ho se ho builoe haholo ka melemo e ke keng ea latoloa ea mokopu le phello e ntle ea ts'ebetso ea metabolic. Meroho ena e tsebahalang e se e tumme ka nako e telele ka litšoaneleho tsa eona, e khona ho laola tsoekere maling, e nchafatsa lithane maemong a sele.

Bakeng sa kalafo ea manonyeletso, babali ba rona ba sebelisitse DiabeNot ka katleho. Ha re bona sehlahisoa sena se tsebahala, re nkile qeto ea ho e ela hloko.

U sebelisa lijana tsa mokopu, u ka lahla metsi a mangata mme oa fokotsa cholesterol ea mali haholo.Seno sa mokopu se sa tsoa etsoa se na le metsi a mangata a hloekisitsoeng, a tlatsetsang ho tšeng lijo tsa 'mele. Ka lebaka la thepa ena, lero le sebelisoa e le antioxidant ho tlosa chefo le chefo.

Lero la kharenate

Jusi e 'ngoe e sebetsang haholo bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere ke kharenate. Ho joalo, u ka e pheha, kapa u ka e reka maemong a tšohanyetso lebenkeleng, ha feela ho ka fanoa ka sehlahisoa se hloekileng le sa tlhaho.

Ho ahloloa ke lipatlisiso tsa bongaka, ka tšebeliso e tloaelehileng ea kharenate, nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis e thibetsoe, 'me ho eketsoa ha venous le ho thijoa ha methapo ea methapo. Jusi ea kharenate e na le liprotheine, lik'habohaedreite le tsoekere tse thusang tsoekere e maling. Ke ka lebaka leo lero la kharenate le nang le lefu la tsoekere, le sa nkoe e se seno feela, empa le ka ngolisoa e le moriana.

Ntho e kang tšepe e u lumella ho sebelisa lero la kharenate ho eketsa hemoglobin maling, 'me potasiamo e bohlokoa joalo ka ntho e thibelang kholo ea stroke. Ho lokisa lero la kharenate ho bonolo. Ho etsa sena, khetha lijo-thollo ebe u li fetisa ka juicer.

Apple lero

Jusi ea Apple ke e 'ngoe ea lino tse turang le tse ratoang haholo Russia. Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea litholoana tsena. Linooa tsena li phetse hantle haholo, li na le livithamini tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa C, H, B, hammoho le lintlha tsa tlhahlobo: magnesium, potasiamo, chlorine, phosphorus le sebabole. Ntle le moo, li na le li-amino acid. Ha e le batho ba lefu la tsoekere, ka lebaka la bongata ba tsoekere ba eletsoa hore ba noe lero ho tloha liapole tse tala kapa mefuta e fapaneng e kang semirenka, mme ba sa fetelle tloaelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi, e leng khalase e le 'ngoe.

Jerusalema artichoke lero

Semela sa artichoke sa Jerusalema se tsebahala ka litšoaneleho tsa sona tse sebetsang mme ke ntlo ea polokelo ea li-vithamine le likarolo tsa mohlala. E na le zinki, magnesium, phosphorus, silicon, manganese, amino acid, letsoai le inulin (hore e se ke ea ferekanngoa le insulin). Meroho e na le matla a ho theola tsoekere maling, e laola boemo ba acid ka mpeng. Ho nahanoa hore fructose e thehoa nakong ea ts'ebeliso ea eona, lero la artichoke le sa tsoa thetsoa le ka nooa le lefu la tsoekere ka bongata bo sa lekanyetsoang.

Meroho ea li-citrus

Haeba re bua ka lino tse nang le lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere, joale ts'ebeliso ea lona e lokela ho ba le moeli, hobane lamunu e na le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata. Ho molemo ho se noe lero la lamunu ho hang, empa ho e-na le lino-mapholi tsa morara kapa lino. Mokhoa o joalo o tla etsa hore ho be le monyetla oa ho fumana molemo o moholo ho bona, ha feela "lik'habohaedreite" li fokotsehile.

Lijusi tsa Citrus ke batsamaisi ba atlehang ba ts'ebetso ea metabolic 'meleng, k'holeseterole e tlase, e hloekisa mali. Ha e le lero la lemone, ho molemo hore u le hlapolle ka halofo ka metsi, 'me ka mor'a ho noa, hlatsoa molomo hantle. Sena se tla thusa ho boloka meno ka cheseho e feteletseng bakeng sa lero ho tsoa ho lore.

Ho ba le “tsoekere e phahameng” le “tsoekere e fokolang” ho kotsi hakae bophelong ba motho?

Ha re leke ho fumana hore na hobaneng boemo bo tsitsitseng ba lik'habohaedreite tsamaisong ea mali li le bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa bophelo bo tloaelehileng ba motho, ke ka mabaka afe ho nang le ho leka-lekana ha tsoekere maling. Hape re tla fumana hore na matšoao a boemo ba tsoekere a tloaelehile hakae, le hore na liphetoho tse tloaelehileng 'meleng li ama' mele joang.

Mokhoa oa ho laola tsoekere ea mali ka lisebelisoa tse peli feela?

Kahoo, kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere e entsoeng hae e hlile e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse peli feela, sinamone le clove. Ka bobeli e ne e le taba ea lithuto tsa mahlale tse fapaneng khafetsa, 'me ho ile ha fumaneha hore li na le phello e ntle maemong a batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.

• Cinnamon ho laola tsoekere ea mali.

Phuputso ea morao tjena e bontšitse hore sinamone e na le thepa e ka thusang haholo ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. Nakong ea liteko, ho fumanoe hore bakuli ba jang sinamone ka nako e telele ba ne ba khona ho theola tsoekere ea bona ea mali le ho fetola cholesterol ea bona.

E ea ka hore sinamone e thusa ho laola maemo a tsoekere le ho eketsa katleho ea insulin. Ho sebelisoa khafetsa ha sinamone khafetsa le lijo ho thusa ho kenya tšebetsong li-enzyme tse ling 'meleng tse hlokahalang ho susumetsa li-receptor liseleng hore li arabele hantle ka insulin.

• Clove ho laola tsoekere ea mali.

Clove ke senoko se tummeng lefatšeng ka bophara ka monko oa sona o monate le tatso e monate e fetolang lijana tse ngata. Empa ntle le moo, e na le thepa ea pholiso, ho kenyelletsa le bokhoni ba ho theola tsoekere e maling.

Clove ke antioxidant e matla (e 'ngoe ea matla ka ho fetisisa har'a linoko), 100 g ea clove e na le 80 mg ea vithamine C, hammoho le carotene, vithamine E, selenium, phytosterols, bongata bo boholo ba liminerale, hape, fiber.

Contraindication

Hopola! Phekolo ena e thehiloeng ka sinamone le li-clove ha e tšoanele motho e mong le e mong, kaha bakuli ba bang ba ka ba le litlamorao. Haeba uena kapa baratuoa ba hao le na le lefu la tsoekere, ho hlokahala hore le tsebe tse latelang:

• Cinnamon e ka mpefatsa mathata a teng sebete.
• Setlhare sena se fokotsa tsoekere ea mali haholo, ka hona, o lokela ho e nka ka tlhokomeliso, haholo haeba o nooa lithethefatsi tse ling kapa litlatsetso ka sepheo se tšoanang.
• Mefuta e meng ea sinamone e ka fumanehang ka thekiso e kenyelletsa ntho e bitsoang kumaru, e ka fokotsang bokhoni ba mali ba ho koala. Ka hona ho bohlokoa haholo ste ea ho reka sinamone ea boleng bo holimo ho tsoa ho barekisi ba tšepahalang.

Haeba ngaka ea hau e fumane hore u na le lefu la tsoekere, u lokela ho buisana le eena pele u qala ho sebelisa meriana ea lapeng.

Tsoekere ea mali ke eng?

Pele ho tsohle, ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore e ka ba ho nepahetseng haholoanyane ho re "boemo ba tsoekere ea mali", hobane polelo "tsoekere" e kenyeletsa sehlopha sohle sa dintho, mme e ikemiselitse maling. tsoekere. Leha ho le joalo, poleloana "tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali" e metse ka metso hoo e sebelisoang puong ea colloquial le lingoliloeng tsa bongaka.

Tsoekere ea mali (boemo ba tsoekere ea mali) ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tsa bohlokoahali tsa tlhaho, tse bonts'ang boemo ba tikoloho ea' mele bo kahare.

Letšoao lena, pele ho tsohle, le supa boemo ba metabolism ea carbohydrate. Glucose ke mofuta oa mafura (thepa ea matla) bakeng sa lisele tsa litho tsohle le lisele.

E kena 'meleng oa motho haholo-holo e le karolo ea lik'habohaedreite tse rarahaneng, tse ileng tsa robeha kamora tšilo ea lijo,' me tsa kena maling. Kahoo, litekanyo tsa tsoekere ea mali li ka fokotsoa ke mafu a fapaneng a pampitšana ea mala, moo ho kenngoa ha glucose maling ho fokotsehang.

Glucose e fumaneng pampitšana ea gastrointestinal e sebelisoa feela ke lisele tsa 'mele, empa boholo ba eona bo behiloe ka mokhoa oa glycogen sebeteng.

Ebe, ha ho hlokahala (khatello e eketsehileng ea 'mele kapa ea maikutlo, ho haella ha tsoekere maling ho tsoa mpeng), glycogen e robehile' me tsoekere e kena maling.

Kahoo, sebete ke depo ea tsoekere e maling 'meleng, e le hore ka maloetse a eona a matla, maemo a tsoekere ea mali le' ona a ka khathatsoa.

Ho ke ho hlokomeloe hore phallo ea tsoekere e tsoang setsing sa capillary ka seleng ke ntho e rarahaneng ho feta, e ka sitisang maloetse a mang. Lena ke lebaka le leng la phetoho ea pathological tsoekere ea mali.

Ho ntšoa ha tsoekere maling ho tsoa depong e ka har'a sebete (glycogenolysis), tsoekere ea glucose 'meleng (gluconeogeneis) le ts'ebetso ea eona ka lisele li laoloa ke tsamaiso e rarahaneng ea neuroendocrine,moo sistimi ea hypothalamic-pituitary (setsi se ka sehloohong sa taelo ea neuroendocrine ea 'mele), litšoelesa tsa manyeme le li-adrenal li kenella ka kotloloho. Psychology ea litho tsena li baka khahlano le maemo a tsoekere ea mali.

Ho mamella tsoekere ea mali ho laoloa joang?

Hormone e ka sehloohong e laolang boemo bo loketseng ba tsoekere maling ke "pancreatic hormone" - "insulin". Ka keketseho ea khatello ea tsoekere maling, sephiri sa hormone ena sea eketseha. Sena se etsahala ka bobeli ka kotloloho ka lebaka la phello e susumetsang ea tsoekere ho li-pancreatic cell receptors, 'me ka kotloloho, ka ho kenya tšebetsong tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ea parasympathetic ka li-receptors tse nang le glucose tse matla ho hypothalamus.

Insulin e kenya letsoho ho sebeliseng tsoekere ke lisele tsa 'mele, hape e tsosa motsoako oa glycogen ho tsoa ho eona sebete - ka hona e theola maemo a tsoekere ea mali.

Mohanyetsi oa mantlha oa insulin ke hormone e 'ngoe ea "pancreatic" - glucagon. Ka ho fokotseha ha tsoekere ea mali, secretion ea eona e eketsehileng e etsahala. Glucagon e ntlafatsa ho phatloha ha glycogen ka har'a sebete, e kenya letsoho ho lokolleng tsoekere ho depo. Hormone ea adrenal medulla, adrenaline, e na le phello e ts'oanang.

Lihormone tse matlafatsang gluconeogeneis - sebopeho sa tsoekere maling mmeleng ho tsoa linthong tse bobebe - le tsona li thusa ho nyolla maemo a tsoekere ea mali. Ntle le glucagon, lihormone tsa boko (adrenaline, norepinephrine) le cortex (glucocorticoids) ea litšoelesa tsa adrenal li na le sena.

Lintho tse eketsang tsoekere ea mali li boetse li kenyelletsa lihormone tsa kholo tse hlahisoang ke tšoelesa ea pituitary le thyroxine ea qoqotho.

Ts'ebetso ea methapo e nang le kutloelo-bohloko, e susumetsoang ke khatello ea maikutlo e hlokang tšebeliso e matla ea matla, e eketsa boemo ba tsoekere maling, 'me motho ea nang le parasympathetic oa bo fokotsa. Ka hona, bosiu haholo le hoseng haholo, ha tšusumetso ea tsamaiso ea parasympathetic ea methapo e atile, boemo ba glucose ba mali ke bona bo tlase haholo.

Ho etsoa liteko life ho fumana tsoekere ea mali?

Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli e tsebahalang ea ho lekanya tsoekere ea mali ka meriana ea bongaka: hoseng ka mpeng e se nang letho (ka khefu ea lijo le mokelikeli oa metsi bonyane lihora tse 8), le kamora ho ts'oaroa ha glucose (seo ho thoeng ke tlhahlobo ea mamello ea glucose, OGTT).

Teko ea mamello ea glucose ea molomo e na le taba ea hore mokuli o nka ligrama tse 75 tsa tsoekere e qhibilihile ho 250-300 ml ea metsi kahare, mme kamora lihora tse peli tsoekere e maling e ikemiselitsoe.

Liphetho tse nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa li ka fumanoa ka ho kopanya liteko tse peli: kamora matsatsi a mararo a lijo tse tloaelehileng hoseng ka mpeng e se nang letho, boemo ba tsoekere ea mali bo ikemiselitsoe, mme kamora metsotso e mehlano, ho nkuoa tharollo ea glucose ho lekanya letšoao lena kamora lihora tse peli.

Maemong a mang (lefu la tsoekere, ts'oaetso ea tsoekere e sa tsoakoang) ho lekola maemo a tsoekere ea mali hoa hlokahala e le hore a se ke a fetoa ke liphetoho tse kholo tse bakoang ke bophelo le bophelo bo botle.

A na nka lekanya tsoekere eaka ea mali hae?

Tsoekere ea mali e ka lekanyetsoa lapeng. Ho etsa sena, o lokela ho reka sesebelisoa se ikhethang k'hemisteng - glucometer.

Gluceter ea setso ke sesebelisoa se nang le marang-rang a litšila bakeng sa ho amohela mali le metsero e ikhethang ea liteko. Maemong a hlohlontšitsoeng, lancet e phunya letlalo ntlheng ea monoana, lerotholi la mali le fetisetsoa moqomong oa teko, o ntoo kenngoa sesebelisoa ho bona hore na tsoekere e kae maling.

Ho na le li-glucometer tse sebelisang mali a capillary a tsoang libakeng tse ling (lehetla, phatla, motheo oa thipa, serope). Empa ho lokela ho hopoloa hore phallo ea mali libakeng tsa menoana e phahame haholo, ka hona, u sebelisa mokhoa oa setso, o ka fumana liphetho tse nepahetseng haholoanyane ka tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali ka nako e itseng.Sena se ka ba bohlokoa haholo, hobane letšoao lena maemong a mang le fetoha ka potlako (khatello ea maikutlo le maikutlo, ho ja, ho ba le lefu le kopaneng).

Ho lekanya tsoekere ea mali ka nepo lapeng?

Ho lekanya ka nepo boemo ba tsoekere ea mali lapeng, o lokela ho bala ka hloko litaelo tsa sesebelisoa se rekiloeng, 'me maemong a belaetsang, batla litlhaloso ho setsebi.

Ha u lekanya tsoekere ea mali lapeng, u lokela ho latela melao e meng e akaretsang:
1. Pele u nka mali, hlatsoa matsoho a hau ka metsi a futhumetseng. Sena ha sea lokela ho etsoa feela ho netefatsa bohloeki, empa le ho ntlafatsa phallo ea mali. Ho seng joalo, ho phunya ka monoana ho tla tlameha ho etsoa ka botebo, 'me ho tla ba thata haholo ho nka mali bakeng sa ho e hlahlobisisa.
2. Sebaka sa punction se tlameha ho omisoa hantle, ho seng joalo mali a fumanoeng a tla tšoloha ka metsi, 'me sephetho sa tlhahlobo se tla sotha.
3. Bakeng sa sampole ea mali sebelisa bokantle ba lipampiri tsa menoana e meraro ea matsoho a mabeli (monoana le thipa ea letsoho ha e anngoe joalo ka basebetsi).

Sekhahla se tloaelehileng sa tsoekere ea mali ke eng?

Tloaelo ea tsoekere ea mali hoseng ka mpeng e se nang letho ke 3,3-5,5 mmol / L. Ho kheloha ho tloha ho tloaelehileng ka bongata ba 5.6 - 6.6 mmol / l ho bonts'a mamello e tsitsitseng ea glucose (mmuso o moeling pakeng tsa tloaelehileng le pathology). Keketseho ea tsoekere ea mali e potlakileng ho isa ho 6,7 mmol / L le holimo e fana ka lebaka la ho belaela ho ba teng ha lefu la tsoekere mellitus.

Maemong a belaetsang, tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali e eketsoa ka lihora tse peli kamora ho laolla tsoekere (tlhahlobo ea mamello ea glucose). Letšoao le tloaelehileng thutong e joalo le nyolohela ho 7,7 mmol / L, matšoao ka bophara ba 7.8 - 11.1 mmol / L a bontša tlolo ea mamello ea glucose. Ho tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere, boemo ba tsoekere ka lihora tse peli kamora hore tsoekere e fihle ho 11.2 mmol / l le ho feta.

Sekhahla se tloaelehileng sa tsoekere ea mali ho ngoana ke eng?

Ho bana ba banyenyane, ho na le tšekamelo ea 'mele ea ho theola tsoekere e maling. Litloaelo tsa letšoao lena ho masea le ho likonyana li tlase haholo ho feta ho batho ba baholo.

Kahoo, ho masea, tekanyo ea glucose e potlakileng e tloaelehile 2.78 - 4,4 mmol / L, ho bana ba sekolo sa mathomo - 3,3 - 5.0 mmol / L, ho bana ba sekolo - 3,3 - 5.5 mmol / L.

Haeba tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali e potlakileng e feta 6.1 mmol / l, joale re bua ka hyperglycemia (keketseho ea tsoekere ea mali). Melao e ka tlase ho 2,5 mmol / L e bonts'a hypoglycemia (tsoekere e khutsitseng ea mali).

Maemong ha tsoekere e potlakileng ea tsoekere e le bolelele ba 5.5 - 6.1 mmol / l, ho bontšoa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ea mamello ea glucose. Mamello ea glucose ho bana e phahame haholo ho feta ho batho ba baholo. Ka hona, litekanyo tse tloaelehileng tsa tsoekere ea mali lihora tse peli kamora hore mojaro o tloaelehileng oa tsoekere o theohe hanyane.

Haeba tsoekere e potlakileng ea tsoekere ea ngoana e feta 5,5 mmol / L, 'me lihora tse peli kamora hore tsoalo ea tsoekere e fihle ho 7.7 mmol / L kapa ho feta, joale ba bua ka lefu la tsoekere.

Tsoekere ea mali e fetoha joang nakong ea kemero?

Nakong ea kemolo, phetiso e rarahaneng e etsahala 'meleng oa mosali, e lebisang ho hanyetsaneng ha insulin. Nts'etsopele ea boemo bona ka tlholeho e thusa maemong a phahameng a li-ovari le li-placental steroids (li-hormone tse loantšanang le tse ling tse bolokiloeng ke mae a bomme le placenta), hammoho le secretion e eketsehileng ea cortisol ea lihormone ke adrenal cortex.

Maemong a mang, khatello ea insulin ea 'mele e feta matla a manyeme ho hlahisa insulin. Maemong ana, ho ba le seo ho thoeng ke "gestationalabetes mellitus" kapa "mellitus" ea tsoekere. Maemong a mangata, kamora ho beleha basali ba nang le basali ba baimana ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, litekanyo tsohle tsa tsoekere ea mali li khutlela ho tse tloaelehileng.Leha ho le joalo, tlhokomeliso e lokela ho nkuoa nakong e tlang, hobane basali ba ka bang 50% ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba nts'etsopele ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere nakong ea lilemo tse 15 kamora ho ima.

Ka lefu la tsoekere la letsoalo, e le molao, ha ho lipontšo tsa kliniki tsa hyperglycemia. Leha ho le joalo, boemo bona bo kotsi bakeng sa khōlo ea ngoana, hobane ha ho se na kalafo ea matšeliso, boemo bo eketsehang ba tsoekere maling a mme ka 30% ea linyeoe bo lebisa ho fetal pathology.

Mellitus ea lefu la tsoekere hangata e ba teng nakong ea kemolo (pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 4 le 8), mme basali ba kotsing ba lokela ho ela hloko haholo maemo a tsoekere ea mali ka nako ena e itseng.

Sehlopha sa tlokotsi se kenyeletsa basali ba nang le boima ba 'mele bo eketsehileng, lefu le sa rateheng (lefu la tsoekere la setho sa moimana kapa sa bobeli lelapeng), ba imetsoeng ke nalane ea bokhachane (masea a maholo kapa masea nakong ea kemolo e fetileng), hammoho le ba belaelloang ka popelong e kholo moimana oa hona joale.

Mellitus ea lefu la tsoekere e fumaneha hore o na le keketseho ea tsoekere ea mali e potlakileng ho isa 6,1 mmol / L le ho feta, haeba lihora tse peli kamora ho ts'oaroa ha glucose ponts'o ena e le 7.8 mmol / L le ho feta.

'Mele o boloka boemo ba tsoekere bo tsitsitseng joang?

Tsamaiso ea glycemia (glucose ea mali) e latela lits'ebetso tse 'maloa tsa' mele. Keketseho ena e etsahala kamora lijo, hobane lik'habohaedreite tse tlase, tse kenyeletsang monosaccharides, li kenella maling a mali ka mpeng le mala. Kahoo, tsoekere le fructose li ka phahamisa maemo a tsoekere hang hang ka mor'a ho ja.

Bakeng sa lik'habohaedreite tse rarahaneng, o hloka ketso ea li-enzyme amylase, e li lihelang limolek'hule tsa glucose. Li-Disaccharides - lactose (ho tloha lihlahisoa tsa lebese) le sucrose (lihlahisoa tsohle tse nang le tsoekere) li senyeha kapele, 'me li-polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, pectin) li butle butle.

Boemo ba glycemia bo boetse bo laoloa ke ho etsoa ha limolek'hule tsa tsoekere ho tsoa ho amino acid le glycerol, hammoho le lactic acid. Ts'ebetso e joalo e etsahala ka har'a sebete le karolo e itseng ea lepheo la liphio. Tsoekere e ngata e fetoloa hore e be mafura kapa glycogen bakeng sa ho boloka matla.

Ka tsoekere e sa lekaneng, 'mele o qala ho sebelisa mabenkele a glycogen le mafura a tsoang depong e ka har'a sebete, mesifa le lithane tsa adipose.

Ho theoha ha tekanyo ea tsoekere ho etsahala ka mocheso o ntseng o eketseha, mokhathala o mongata, khatello ea maikutlo. E ka boetse ea amahanngoa le litekanyetso tse kholo tsa insulin kapa lithethefatsi tse ling tse theolelang tsoekere, lijo tse thata haholo, tlala.

Glucose e phahamisitsoeng ea mali e bitsoa hyperglycemia 'me hangata e hlaha ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke insulin, hammoho le hore na khokahano pakeng tsa eona le li-receptor liseleng tsa mesifa, sebete kapa mafura li robehile. Ka mor'a ho fumana lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite, insulin e tsoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ho e etsa hore e ratoe - e tsamaise limolek'hule tsa glucose liseleng hore li sebetse.

Ho tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere, sena ha se etsahale, 'me tsoekere e lula e ntse e potoloha maling, e etsa hore ho be le matšoao a lefu la tsoekere: lenyora le eketsehang, ho ruruha ho feteletseng, takatso e matla ea letlalo, letlalo la ho hlohlona le bofokoli. Ho thehiloe hore ntle le lefu la tsoekere, lefu la tsoekere ea mali le ka ba maemong a joalo.

1. Ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea qoqotho ea hau - thyrotooticosis.
2. Boloetse ba "gren" ea "gren" ke "gland" ea gland.
3. Tšoaetso ea vaerase.
4. Lefu la pancreatic.
5. Maloetse a Autoimmune.
6. Pathology ea sebete le liphio.

Ntle le maloetse, hyperglycemia e bakoa ke ho tsuba, ho nwa lino tse tahang, lino tse nang le matla, li-diuretics, lihormone (estrogen, prednisone, thyroxine).

U ka lekanya palo ea tsoekere maling le gluceter lapeng kapa ka laboratoring. Hangata ho khothalletsoa hore u fane ka mali ka mor'a khefu ea lihora tse 8 lijong. Ho etsoa thuto ea mamello ea glucose hape ho fumana lefu la tsoekere le morao.

Ho eketsa maemo a tsoekere joang?

Mokuli e mong le e mong ea nang le lefu la tsoekere o lokela ho tseba hore na a ka ntlafatsa boemo ba tsoekere ea hae ea mali joang ha a fokotseha, kaha boemo bona bo ka beha bophelo kotsing, haholo haeba ka nako eo a ntse a khanna koloi kapa a sebelisa mochini o fe kapa o fe sebakeng sa mosebetsi.

Hypoglycemia e ama bakuli eseng feela le lefu la tsoekere, empa hape le mafu a tšoelesa ea pituitary, tlhahiso e sa lekanang ea lihormone ke litšoelesa tsa adrenal, hypothyroidism, li-pathologies tsa hypothalamus, ho senyeha ha li-enzyme.

Ka tlala ea nako e telele, mabenkele a glycogen a felile, a ka lebisang tsoekere e tlase ea mali. Sena se ka etsahala ka lijo tse thata, ho itima lijo ha nako e telele tsa bolumeli, le likotsi tse phahameng ho baatlelete ba maemong a phahameng, nakong ea kemaro.

Tsoekere e nyane ea mali e ka ba le lijo tse nang le index e phahameng ea glycemic. Maemo a joalo ke a batho bao insulin e hlahisoang ka bongata ho bona. Kamora ho ja kamora hora, ho hlaha bofokoli bo matla tsoekere, takatso ea ho ja lipompong, ho noa kofi kapa lino tse ling tsa tonic.

Ka lefu la tsoekere ha motho a ntse a e-noa lipilisi tsa ho theola tsoekere e maling, haholo-holo ka kalafo ea insulin, hypoglycemia e ka baka:

• Ho ikoetlisa ka nakoana.
• Ho ikoetlisa ka thata.
• Ho nka joala kapa lithethefatsi.
• Ts'ebeliso e eketsehileng ea lithethefatsi tse nang le lipoic acid, pentoxifylline, tetracycline, acetylsalicylic acid, cytostatics le beta-blockers.

Bakeng sa ho eketsa maemo a tsoekere, matlapa a tsoekere, tsoekere e tloaelehileng, lero le tsoekere, mahe a linotsi kapa jeme li loketse. Kamora hore tlhaselo e fetile, o hloka ho lekanya boemo ba tsoekere kamora e 'ngoe metsotso e 15-20 ho qoba ho khutla hape. Maemong a matla, glucagon e tsamaisoa ka intramuscularly.

Glycated hemoglobin

Letšoao la bohlokoa le sebelisoang haholo ho lekola boemo ba metabolism ea carbohydrate le tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere ke glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). E bontša liperesente tsa hemoglobin maling (ntho e tsamaisang moea oa oksijene) e hokahaneng ka tsela e ke keng ea fetoha le tsoekere. Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o tšehetsa tšebeliso ea HbA1c bakeng sa ho sibolla lefu la tsoekere. Tabeng ea bokuli, karabelo lipakeng tsa glucose le hemoglobin e potlakisa haholo ka lebaka la tsoekere e phahameng ea mali, e lebisang keketseho ea hemoglobin ea glycated.

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Maemo a tloaelehileng a HbA1c a lokela ho fihla ho 6%. Ho eketsa boleng ho 6,5% ha ho bolele hore ho na le lefu la tsoekere, empa ha ho qhele monyetla ona. Haeba HbA1c e fihlile kapa e feta 6.5%, tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere e etsoa ntle le lipatlisiso tse ling.

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Tlhahlobo ea hemoglobin ea glycated e ka fetisetsoa ho motho e mong le e mong - ka tsela ena u ka tseba hore na tsoekere maling e ne e ntse e phahama ho feta tloaelo likhoeling tse tharo tse fetileng. Ha e fuoe lingaka hangata (hafeela u belaela lefu la tsoekere kapa ho laola tsoekere), kaha thuto e theko e phahameng ebile ha e etsoe likliniki tsohle.

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Ho khetholla glucose ea mali lapeng

Ho tseba ka potlako boemo ba tsoekere ea mali, o ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nkehang - li-glucometer. Tsena ke lisebelisoa tse nyane tse nang le likhoele tsa liteko tse ka lahloang. Ho kenya lerotholi la mali ho tloha lethekeng ho ea hloohong le sebaka seo se leng ho sona ho thusa ho tseba hang-hang lipalo tsa tsoekere ea mali lapeng.

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Phoso e lumelloa ho mitha e ngoe le e ngoe. Ho e fokotsa ka boleng bo tlase, ho bohlokoa ho tseba algorithm ea ho fumana tsoekere ea mali:

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1. Hlatsoa matsoho a hau ka metsi a futhumetseng (metsi a batang a tla tlatsetsa ho spasm ea capillaries, e ka amang sephetho).
2. Ka mor'a moo, o hloka ho hlophisa lenaka la pene bakeng sa ente - o hloka ho tlosa cap, o kenye lancet e lahlehang kahare, ho lekola botebo ba kotlo.
3. Etsa ente mosamo oa monwana o mong le o mong (empa hangata thipa le phatla ea letsoho ha li ame, kaha ke "basebetsi"). Ho molemo ho phunya eseng bohareng, empa hanyane ho tloha lehlakoreng - kahoo ts'ebetso e ke ke ea utloisa bohloko haholo. Pele ho moo, ha ho hlokahale hore u tlotse sebaka ka joala, peroxide kapa eng kapa eng - tsena tsohle li ka sotha liphetho.
4. Lerotholi la pele la mali ha le sebelisoe, empa le felisitsoe ka boea ba k'hothone. Bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa, ho a hlokahala tse latelang - e sebelisoa ho strip ea liteko. Lerotholi ha lea lokela ho hasana letlalong, u ke ke ua beha khatello e ngata mohatleng. Ho latela sesebelisoa, moqomo oa liteko (poleiti) o ka kenngoa sesebelisoa kapa oa tlosoa ho eena ka nako ea ho kenya lerotholi la mali.
5. Kamora metsotsoana e 8-10, pontsho e bonts'a boleng - boemo ba glucose.

Sena sea khahla! Ho boetse ho na le li-glucometer tsa moloko oa morao-rao - lipompo tsa ho lokisa lebanta esita le ka mokhoa oa oache. Sistimi e kentsoeng ho bona ka lenaneo e u lumella ho kenya insulin le ho lekanya tsoekere ea mali a hau, ntle le ho khopisa motho. Ho lekane ho hlophisa lenaneo - ho beha morethetho le tekanyetso (haeba liente tsa insulin li hlokahala).

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Fokotsa Tsoekere ea Mali le Nutla

Haeba hypoglycemia e ka tlosoa hang-hang ka ho nka lik'habohaedreite tse bonolo, joale ka tsoekere e phahameng ea mali, ho hlokahala hore u fetole mokhoa oo u phelang ka oona e le hore u boloke boemo ba tsoekere bo tloaelehileng. Pele ho tsohle, liphetoho li lokela ho ba phepo e nepahetseng. Lijo tse hahiloeng hantle li etsa hore ho khonehe ho thibela phetoho ea tsoekere ka tšohanyetso, e fokotsang kotsi ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere.

Haeba mokuli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere a latela lijo, o ka fokotsa lethalinyana la lithethefatsi ho theola tsoekere, a theole boima ba 'mele, a netefatsa bophelo bo botle le ho boloka ts'ebetso le bokhoni ba ho sebetsa lilemo tse ngata.

Ntle le likhothaletso tse akaretsang tsa phepo e nepahetseng, o hloka ho nts'etsapele sisteme ea hau, hobane maikutlo a motho ka mong ka lihlahisoa tsa motho ka mong a ka khona, ka hona, khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa ke ho boloka bukana ea lijo le ho khetha lihlahisoa tse nepahetseng, o shebane le ho bala ha metara.

Melao ea ho bokella lijo ka lefu la tsoekere ke:

1. Palo e felletseng ea lik'habohaedreite e lokela ho ajoa ka ho lekana letsatsi lohle bakeng sa tekanyetso ea 3-4, athe litekanyetso tse ling tsa 1-2 li lokela ho ba ntle le carbohydrate.
2. Lihlahisoa tsohle tse nang le tsoekere e hloekileng kapa tse fetoleloang habonolo ho tsoekere e lokela ho behelloa ka thoko.
3. Hoa hlokahala ho kenyelletsa lihlahisoa tsa menyu ka fiber ea semela, lihlahisoa tse nang le mafura a fokolang le mafura a meroho.
4. Meroallo e lokela ho ba lilithara tse 1.5 ka letsatsi, ho sa kenyeletsoe lithuto tsa pele le lino.
5. Letswai le lekanyeditswe ho 6 g.
6. Bohobe bo tsoang ho nama, tlhapi, li-mushroom le lijo tsohle tse halikiloeng le nama e mafura, lihlahisoa tsa lebese ha li khothalletsoe.

E le hore u se ke ua baka tsoekere, o lokela ho hana tsoekere efe kapa efe: beet, 'moba, sootho, liswisi, marshmallows, waffles, cookies, likuku le pastry. Ntho e thibetsoeng hape ke lihlahisoa tsa phofo tse tsoang ho phofo e tšoeu. Li-sweets tsa batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere li ka lumelloa ka bongata feela ho li-sweeteners.

Lithollo tsa raese, semolina, litapole le bijoux ha li kenyelletsoe, 'me tse ling kaofela li ke ke tsa jeoa hofihlella hang ka letsatsi. Litholoana le meroho e tsoang ho tsona le tsona ha li na meeli, ha morara le libanana, mehla le lifeiga ha li sebelisoe lijong, joalo ka lino-mapholi tsohle tsa litholoana tsa tlhahiso ea indasteri, mme mefuta e seng acidic e ka se ka ba feta 100 g ka letsatsi.

U hloka ho leka ho ja meroho e sa tsoa khuoa kapa e phehiloeng, o sa khehe litapole tse khotliloeng. Melemo ea batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ke lintho tse sa tsitsang: zucchini, k'habeche, likomkomere, pepere e tala ea bell, tamati, lierekisi tse nyane le linaoa tse tala, li-mushroom le li-eggplant. Lihlahisoa tse kang lihoete, li-beet le mekopu li ka sebelisoa, empa eseng habeli ka letsatsi.

Mefuta e mengata ea tlhapi le lijo tsa leoatleng tse nang le mafura a mangata li loketse joalo ka mohloli oa protheine, nama e ka fokotsoa hangata tlatsong ea lijo, 'me mefuta eohle ea lijo tse khotliloeng, nama e tsubelo, lijo tse halikiloeng le lijo tsa nama li lokela ho fokotsoa haholo.

Litataiso tse tšoanang li lokela ho bonoa ha ho sebelisoa lisoso tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng, li-marinade le li-seasonings tsohle ka mekotleng - kaha tsoekere e ka kenyeletsoa ho tsona. Lijo tse joalo ka sopho ea hang-hang, lijo-thollo, lijo-thollo le lino-mapholi hammoho le lijo tse potlakileng, ha li kenyelletsoe lijong tsohle tse phetseng hantle.

Lihlahisoa tsa lebese li lumelloa ka mafura a mahareng, tranelate le tranelate e bolila ha lia lokela ho ba le liperesente tse fetang 15, le chisi ea chisi 9%. O ka nwa lino tse bolila tsa lebese le bolila, haholo-holo tse entsoeng hae ntle le tsoekere le litholoana. E lumelletsoe ho kenyelletsa lijong tse nang le mafura a fokolang kapa a chisi e bonolo, ntle le cheese e hlahisitsoeng.

Ho na le molemo ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ke lihlahisoa tse joalo:

• Blueberries
• Jerusalema artichoke.
• Chicory.
• Cinnamon le Ginger.
• Oat, setlama sa buckwheat, fiber.
• Peo ea folaxe
• Linaoa
• Walnuts.

Taolo ea tsoekere

Bakeng sa ho boloka tsoekere kahare ho meeli e behiloeng ka bomong bakeng sa mokuli e mong le e mong (ho latela tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere), ho e lekola kamehla ho pholletsa le letsatsi ho hlokahala. Ha o sebelisa lithethefatsi matlapeng, mme haholo ka kalafo ea insulin, tekanyo hoseng, lihora tse peli ka mor'a lijo tsa mantsiboea, pele ho robala, le hangata hangata ka glycemia e sa tsitsang.

Matšeliso a lefu la tsoekere mellitus a thusa ho ntlafatsa methapo ea metabolic le ho fokotsa kotsi ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere, methapo ea methapo ea pelo - stroke, likotsi tsa khatello ea maikutlo, tšenyo ea liphio le tsamaiso ea methapo.

Bakeng sa ho e fihlela, o hloka ho latela litlhahiso mabapi le phepo le kalafo, le boikoetliso ba letsatsi le letsatsi bonyane metsotso e 30 ho latela boemo ba ho itokisa le ho teba ha boemo. Bakeng sa batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ho tlatselletsoa ho tsamaea ka matla, boikoetliso ba phefumoloho bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere, ho sesa, ho khothalletsoa yoga.

Ho hlokahala hape ho ela hloko thibelo ea khatello ea maikutlo. Ho etsa sena, o ka sebelisa:

1. Koetliso ea Autogenic.
2. Ho thuisa.
3. Massage, Reflexology.
4. Aromatherapy
5. Kamohelo ea litlama tse thobang: chamomile, balm ea lemone, koena, mamawort, valerian.
6. Tloaela boroko, bo sa lokelang ho ba ka tlase ho lihora tse 8.

Bakeng sa batho ba bangata, lintho tsa ho itlosa bolutu ka ho itlosa bolutu li thusa ho tlosa tlhokomelo ho tsoa liphihlelong tse mpe le ho ba le matla a seteraete ka tsela e nepahetseng.

Sena sea khahla! Fumana boemo ba tsoekere ntle le ho chona ka letlalo

Nts'etsopele e bohlokoa haholo ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Ntle le moo, ba tlameha ho lekanya maemo a tsoekere ea mali makhetlo a 'maloa ka letsatsi, ha ba ntse ba etsa lesela la letlalo la monoana.

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Lisebelisoa tse neng li entsoe pele ho lekanya tsoekere ntle le lerotholi la mali ha lia ka tsa lefa - theknoloji ea bona ea tlhahiso e ne e theko e boima haholo 'me liphetho li ne li sa nepahala. Kwa Skolkovo (setsi sa boithuto ho la Moscow bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea mahlale a macha), lisebelisoa tsa lefats'e li se li qapiloe, tse ntseng li le sethaleng sa liteko tsa kliniki le tumello. Mosebetsi oa hae o ipapisitse le mokhoa oa ho shebella mahlo - sesebelisoa se lekanya phallo ea leseli e fetang ebile e bonahala ho tsoa letlalong la monoana. Ho ile ha thehoa hore tsoekere e ngata maling, le eona e tebisa maqhubu a khanya e bolelele bo itseng. Kahoo, ho lekanya tsoekere, ha ho hlokahale hore u etse li-punctuff, empa tlisa feela sesebelisoa letlalong la monoana oa hau.

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Nakong ea liteko tsa tleliniki, sesebelisoa se bontšitse phoso e tlase ea hoo e ka bang 10-15%. Theknoloji e ntse e ntlafatsoa, ​​empa haufinyane e rerile ho e qala ka ts'ebeliso ea bongata.

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Phapang ea liphatlalatso

Tafole e hlalosang litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu a glycemic ho latela litlhoko tsa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo e thusa ho hlalosa sephetho sa liteko tsa tsoekere ea mali.

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Tafole - Mekhoa le litlolo tse tsoang moetlong oa tsoekere ea mali

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