Altar ea lithethefatsi: litaelo tsa tšebeliso

Ho sa tsotelehe hore na re ka rata ho lema chai e ntle joang ntle le kalafo e le 'ngoe ea lik'hemik'hale, joe, sena ke se etsahalang kamehla.

Hangata ka ho fetisisa le tse senyang lijalo le maloetse a lijalo u tlameha ho loana le likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana - metsoako e khethehileng ea lik'hemik'hale, e ne e tloaetse ho bolaea likokoanyana, makhopho a tsona, mahe a tsona hammoho le nematode le likokonyana.

"Alatar" ea likokoanyana: tlhaiso-leseling ka kakaretso

"Alatar" e bolelang hore ke ea sehlopha sa lithethefatsi tse nang le ts'ebeliso ea mala. E loketse hantle taolo ea likokonyana tsa jareteng le jareteng ea meroho, ka ts'ireletso e sirelletsang saetee ho tsoa ho mafu. Setlhare sena se thusa ho sebetsana ka katleho le hoaba, makhopo a makhasi, tšoele, lipalesa tsa lipalesa, tsoele ea k'habeche, tinnitsa, raspberry-fragola weevil le baeti ba bang bao ba sa ba memelang.

Kokoanyana e hlalositsoeng e tsoela pele ho rekisoa ka mokhoa oa emulsion o kenelletseng o kentsoeng li-ampoules tse 5 ml kapa ka li 25 ml. Ho lokisa tharollo ea ho sebetsa, lintho tse ka har'a ampoule li hlapolleloa metsing a manyane (hoo e ka bang 2-3 l), ebe ho eketsoa metsi a mangata ho fihlela mokhoa ona o fihlelleha. Moetlo o mong le o mong o hloka palo ea hae ea Alatar, joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ho litaelo tsa tšebeliso ea eona. Leha ho le joalo kakaretso ea tharollo e lokela ho ba 10 l (tharollo e tlameha ho kopanngwa).

Motsoako o sebetsang le mochini oa ketso

Haeba u lumela litlhahlobo tsa baahi ba lehlabula, ho "Alatar" e sebetsana le mesebetsi ka katleho haholo ho feta mekhoa e meng e tšoanang. Ho ile ha khonahala ho fumana sephetho se ts'oanang ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha lintho tse peli tse matla ka sebopeho sa eona: cypermethrin le malathion. Malathion (kapa karbofos) ke ea sehlopha sa metsoako ea organophosphorus e nang le ts'ebetso e mengata. "Alatar" e sireletsa limela hantle ho tsoa ho li-aphid (ke hore, hangata e lula sebakeng sena), hape e thibela litlhaselo tse kholo tsa likokoanyana le litsuonyana.

Karolo ea bobeli ea sebopeho ke kokoanyana e amanang le "mala", e bonts'itsoeng ke ts'ebetso e phahameng ea mantlha e bakang ho holofala hoa ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo ea likokoanyana, ho batho ba baholo le bokong. Ntle le moo, Alatar e boetse e kenyelletsa setlama se ikhethileng se etsang mosebetsi o khethehileng - e thibela tharollo ho tlosa makhasi kapa ho e hlatsoa ke pula (Tlhahisoleseling ka sena e ka fumaneha ka litaelo tsa ts'ebeliso, tse khomaretsoeng lithethefatsi, kapa litaelo tse tsoang marang-rang).

Litaelo tsa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi "Alatar" bakeng sa lijalo tsa horticultural

Joalokaha re hlokometse pejana, litso tse fapaneng li hloka tekanyo e fapaneng ea moriana o hlalositsoeng, ka hona, pele o tsoela pele ka ho hlapoloha ha mokelikeli o sebetsang, o lokela ho tseba hore na o nooa joang. Ha re bua ka sehlahisoa sa Alatar le litaelo tsa eona bakeng sa tšebeliso, re ke ke ra theha litafole, empa hlalosa feela litekanyetso tsa lijalo tse atileng haholo kajeno.

Hop, litapole, lieie, lihoete, fragole

Khábeche e fafatsoa le Alatar feela nakong ea sehla se sebetsang. Ho lokisa tharollo e sebetsang, lintho tse ka hare ho ampoule (5 ml) li tšeloa ka lilithara tse 4 tsa metsi, ka mor'a moo lijalo li fafatsoa ka motsoako o latelang. Ts'ebeliso ea moriana sena ke litha e le 4 ho 100 m². Ho pheha khase ho sebelisoa ho felisa mathata a botoro e tšoeu, mouoane oa kh'abeche, scoops, thrips, makhasi a makhasi.

Ho fafatsa ka litokisetso tsa litapole ho lokela ho etsoa feela ka ponahalo e kholo ea likokoanyana. Joalo ka molemong oa pele, bakeng sa 100 m² u tla hloka lilithara tse 4 tsa mokelikeli o sebetsang, mme nako ea mosebetsi oa matsoho ke matsatsi a 10. Likokoanyana li sebelisoa ho loants'a Mofuta oa kokoanyana ea litapole ea Colorado le khomo.

Tharollo e sebetsang e boetse e lokisoa ho latela leano le ts'oanang la ho fafatsa lieie, lihoete le fragole: 5 ml ea moriana o tlameha ho ts'oaroa ka lilithara tse 4 tsa metsi. Maemong ana, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea Alatar (ho latela litaelo) e tla thusa ho li tlosa carrot lekhasi folaxe, onion fofa le ho sireletsa fragole ho raspberry-fragola e beha litholoana.

Ho fafatsa sefate sa apole sa jareteng, 'me e e-na le lipere le likhaba, e etsoa nakong ea ho lema le ntse le ntse le hola la litlhare kamora hore e hlapolle mori tse 5 ml ea metsi ka 10 l. Ka karolelano, hoo e ka bang lilithara tse 5 tsa sebopeho se sebetsang se jelloa sefateng se le seng: Li-3 l - bakeng sa bacha ba mabenyane le 6-8 l - bakeng sa ho lema ha batho ba baholo. Lira tse atileng ka ho fetisisa tsa sefate sa liapole ke mouoane, bo-maleshoane ba lipalesa, aphid, tšoele, tšoele, likhomphutha, makhapetla le Alatar e sebetsana le tsona ka ho phethahetseng.

Ho phekola li-currants le lioseose, 5 ml ea moriana e lokela ho hlapolloa ka lilithara tse 5 tsa metsi.

Tekanyo ea phallo ea mokelikeli o sebetsang e fihla ho litara e le ngoe ka sehlahla, e thusang ho tlosa hoaba.

Lifate tsa mekhabiso, lihlahla le lipalesa lijalo

Tharollo ea Alatar e boetse e thusa ho tlosa likokonyana ha li hola lihlahla tsa mekhabiso le lifate sebakeng sa eona. Limela tse joalo li hloka tlhokomelo e khethehileng, ka hona li fafatsoa makhetlo a mararo: pele le ka mora lipalesa, le nakong ea nako ea ho hola. Ts'ebeliso ea tharollo e felileng ke lilithara tse 1.5 ka m 10 10, ebe ho fafatsa ho etsoa hantle esale hoseng kapa ha shoalane (kamora ho likela), maemong a leholimo a bataletseng. Makhasi ohle a semela a lokela ho kolobisoa ka mokhoa o lekanang, lihora tse 4-6 pele pula e na.

Mocheso o nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebetso o nkoa e le + 12 ... + 25 ° С. "Alatar" bakeng sa taolo ea likokoanyana e sireletsa lifate tse khabisang ho e anyang le tse senyang lijalo makhasi, dipterans le baeti ba sa mengoang (Sena se bontšoa le litaelong). Ho phekola limela tse joalo, 5 ml ea moriana (ampoule e le 'ngoe) e kenngoe kahare ho 3,5 a metsi.

"Alatar" e boetse e loketse ho phekola limela tsa ka tlung, mme leha tekanyetso e khothalletsoang ea lipalesa lipitseng e sa bonts'oe ka litaelo tsa tšebeliso, li ka fafatsoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang oo u o sebelisang ho lokisa lihlahla.

Melemo ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi "Alatar" ho laola likokoanyana

Metsoako eohle ea lik'hemik'hale e sebelisoang kajeno e na le thepa e itseng e sebetsang, empa ha e le Alatara, ha e bapisoa le bahlolisani E na le melemo e latelang:

• E na le ts'ebetso e phahameng, e bakoang haholo ke ho ba teng ha likarolo tse peli tse nang le ts'usumetso ea ts'enyeho e felletseng ea esita le e sa khaotseng ho fetisisa ka likokoanyana tsa lik'hemik'hale,
• e na le sekhomaretsi se ikhethileng se thibelang ho hlatsoa kapa ho tlosoa hoa litlamorao ka makhasi a limela tse phekotsoeng.
• e na le nako e telele ea ts'ebeliso, e hlalosoang ke tekanyo e tlase ea ts'ebeliso ea sehlahisoa (hangata, 10 ml ea metsi e lekane bakeng sa ampoule e le 'ngoe ea 5 ml)

Mehato ea polokeho ha o sebetsa le moriana

Ha o sebetsa le lik'hemik'hale life kapa life, mehato ea ho itšireletsa e lokela ho lula e bonoa. Pele, ho molemo ho etsa ts'ebetso maemong a leholimo a khutsitseng kapa moea o fokang o tsoa ho uena. Taba ea bobeli, etsa bonnete ba hore u koaela ka liaparo likarolo tsohle tse pepesitsoeng tsa 'mele (beha liatlana le katiba). Likhalase le sephefumolohi e ke ke ea e-ba masesaane, hobane u ka sireletsa mahlo a hao ka botlalo, tšilo ea lijo le litho tsa phefumoloho. Hape etsa bonnete ba hore ha o etsa ts'ebetso ha ho na batho kapa liphoofolo haufi.

Se ke oa tsuba kapa oa ja ha u ntse u fafatsa. Haeba, ho sa tsotelehe mehato eohle ea ts'ireletso, k'hemik'hale e ntse e kena mahlong kapa letlalong, e lokela ho hlatsuoa ka metsi a mangata a hloekileng a hloekileng. Haeba motsoako o kena 'meleng ka molomo, o o hlatsoe ka botlalo ka metsi, o noe likhalase tse' maloa tsa metsi a futhumetseng kapa lebese mme o nke mashala a sebetsang ka tekanyo ea 1 g, 1 kg ea boima ba 'mele. Kamora sena, ka ho khopisa lebota le ka morao la pharyngeal, ho hlatsa hoa hlokahala.

Kamora ho qeta mosebetsi, hlatsoa matsoho hang hang ka sesepa, 'me haeba ho khonahala ho molemo ho hlapa.

Maemo a polokelo le bophelo ba matlapeng a Alatara

"Alatar" e le pheko ea hoaba, likokoanyana, liboseleise le likokonyana tse ling e fanoa ka mokhoa oa li-ampoules (5 ml) kapa li-25 ml. Leha ho le joalo, bophelo ba sebatli ba sebopeho ha boa lokela ho feta lilemo tse peli. Nako ena kaofela, sephutheloana se nang le moriana se lokela ho ba ka kamoreng e omileng, e lefifi e nang le matšoao a mocheso oa -5 ° С ... + 25 ° С, ka thoko ho lihlahisoa tsa lijo le meriana. Ntle le moo, bana le liphoofolo tsa lapeng ha baa lokela ho li fumana. Hape, sehlahisoa se tlameha ho sireletsoa mollong.

Ho joalo, ho sebetsa ka jareteng le ka jareteng ho ke ke ha bitsoa mosebetsi o bonolo, ho feta moo, sephetho sa ho qetela ha se kamehla se itšetlehileng ka ho sebetsa ka thata. Ntle le taba ea motho, boemo ba leholimo le maemo a leholimo a phetha karolo ea bohlokoa, empa sena ha se bolele hore u tlameha ho mamella. Kamora hore re sebetse limela le Alatar o tla ba thusa ho sebetsana ka katleho le bo bong ba mathata a maholo - likokoanyana le lijalo tse phetseng hantle li khona ho mamella moea o batang kapa pula.

Mokhoa oa kopo

Keketseho e 'ngoe ea litekanyetso ha e bake keketseho ea phekolo, empa maemong a ikhethileng lethal dose e phahameng ea letsatsi le letsatsi e ka eketsoa ho 6 mg. Tekanyetso eohle ea letsatsi le letsatsi e nkuoa ka nako nakong ea lijo tsa mantlha (tsa pele). Matlapa a tlameha ho hlatsuoa ka metsi a lekaneng. Haeba 1 mg ea glimepiride e baka nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia, mohlomong, bakeng sa mokuli ea joalo kalafong ea lefu la tsoekere, lijo tse lekaneng li tla lekana. Nakong ea kalafo, ho ka hlokahala ho fokotsa tekanyetso ea glimepiride, e amanang le metabolism e ntlafalitsoeng le matla a eketsehileng a tishu ho insulin.
Altar ea lithethefatsi e ka sebelisoa ka bobeli e le monotherapy, hape hammoho le insulin kapa metformin.

Litlamorao

Litla-morao tse bakoang ke tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi Aletare li ka hlaha ho tsoa ho tsamaiso ea potoloho ea mali: ka seoelo - leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia. Maemo ohle a fetoha hangata.
Karolong ea boits'ireletso ba 'mele: maemong a ikemetseng, karabelo ea hypersensitivity e bonoa, e bonahatsoa ke khatello ea methapo ea maikutlo, ho tepella maikutlo, ho ts'oaroa ha anaphylactic. Ke ka seoelo, vasculitis e sa tsotelloeng e ka hlokomeloang, hammoho le karabelo e bakoang ke mefuta ea sulfonamides, lintho tse tsoang sulfonylurea kapa lintho tse amanang le tsona.
Karolong ea metabolism e ka sehloohong: ka seoelo hypoglycemia.
Ho tloha lehlakoreng la mohlahlobi oa pono: qalong ea kalafo, ho senyeha ha pono ka morao ka lebaka la ho fetoha ha maemo a tsoekere ea mali ho ka rekota.
Ho tsoa ho ts'ilo ea lijo: ho hlatsa, ho nyekeloa, lets'ollo, bohloko ba ka mpeng, maikutlo a ho tlala mpa. Matšoao ana a hloka ho felisoa ha moriana.
Ho tsoa ts'ebetsong ea hepatobiliary: ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea li-enzyme tsa sebete. Ke ka seoelo - jaundice, cholestasis, ho hloleha ha sebete, hepatitis.
Ho tloha letlalong: ho hlohlona, ​​urticaria, exanthema, ka seoelo - photosensitivity.
Likhathatso tsa Electrolyte: ka seoelo - hyponatremia.

Contraindication

Contraindication mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi Aletare ke: ketoacidosis, mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere, lefu la tsoekere, lefu la tsoekere, mafu a sebete le a liphio, hypersensitivity ho glimepiride le sulfonylureas tse ling. Hypersensitivity ho likarolo tse thusang tsa Altar.

Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi tse ling

Ha u ntse u sebelisa lithethefatsi Aletare ka lithethefatsi tse ling, keketseho e fokolisang kapa e sa rateheng ea thepa ea eona ea hypoglycemic e ka lemohuoa. Glimepiride e fana ka phello ea eona ka cytochrome P450 2C9. Ho pakoa hore ts'ebeliso e kopaneng ea li-activator (mohlala, rifampicin) le cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitors (fluconazole) li ama metabolism ea glimepiride.
Keketseho ea thepa ea "hypoglycemic" ea lithethefatsi Altar e bonoa ha e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le phenylbutazone, azapropazone, oxyphenbutazone, sulfinpyrazone, litlhare tsa antidiabetic, insulin, sulfanilamides e nang le ts'ebetso ea nako e telele, lithethefatsi tsa banna, lithethefatsi tsa li-anabolic. , chloramphenicol, phenenicide, coumarin anticoagulants, miconazole, fenflura li-mines, pentoxifylline (ka bomong ka tekanyetso e phahameng), li-fiber, tritokvalin, li-inhibitors tsa ACE, fluoxetine, allopurinol, sympatholyticim, cyclophosphamide, trophosphamide, ifosfamide, fluconazole. Phokotso ea thepa ea "hypoglycemic" ea lithethefatsi Altar e bonoa ha e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le li-estrogens le progestogens, saluretics, thiazide diuretics, li-agents tse tsosetsang ts'ebetso ea litšoelesa tsa qoqotho, GCS, phenothiazine le chlorpromazine, epinephrine le sympathomimetics, nicotinic acid. , finitoin, diazoxide, glucagon, barbiturates, rifampicin, acetazolamide. Li-blockers tsa Β-adrenergic le H2-receptor blockers, reserpine le clonidine li ka fokolisa kapa tsa ntlafatsa thepa ea hypoglycemic ea lithethefatsi Altar. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea li-audiatholytics tse kang reserpine, guanethidine, clonidine, le β-adrenergic blockers, litlamorao tsa komporo ea "adrenergic" ea ho fokotseha ha maemo a tsoekere e ka fokola kapa ea ba sieo. Glimepiride e fokolisa kapa e ntlafatsa litlamorao tsa tse tsoang ho coumarin.

Bongata

Ho boetse ho na le ho thothomela, hypertonicity, mydriasis, bothata ba ho robala, endocrine psychosyndrome (mathata a boits'oaro - mohlala, ho ba mabifi, ho se ts'oarehe, tlhokomelo e fokolang ea tlhokomelo, khatello ea maikutlo, pherekano), ho hloka ts'epo ho metsamao, boits'oaro ba pelehi (champagne, champion, anticceria), matšoao a hlakileng (hemiplegia, diplopia, aphasia), ho tsitsipana, ho otsela, komello, tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo le methapo ea methapo.
Phekolo. Pele ho tsohle, ho nkuoa mehato ea ho felisa sethethefatsi se tsoang 'meleng: ho hlatsa, ho hlatsa ka mpeng, tšebeliso ea sodium sulfate le khabone e sebetsang. Hypoglycemia ntle le tahlehelo ea kelello e ka felisoa ka tsamaiso ea molomo ea 20 g ea tsoekere, tsoekere kapa lero la litholoana. Mefuteng e matla ea hypoglycemia, e tsamaeang le ho lahleheloa ke kelello, ho kenya ts'ebetso ea tšohanyetso ea venate catheter, ka mor'a moo ho fanoa ka tharollo ea glucose ea 20% (40-100 ml). Haeba catheter e sa kenngoa, 1-2 ml ea glucagon e ka tsamaisoa ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang kapa ka intramuscularly. Kamora ho hlaphoheloa ka botlalo bakeng sa thibelo ea ho khutla hape, ho bohlokoa ho nka 20-30 g ea lik'habohaedreite ka mor'a lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 2-3 ka lihora tse 24-48. Kamora ho fela ha boemo ba hypoglycemic, tsoekere e hlahlojoa ka lihora tse 48. Maemong moo ho lahleheloa ke kelello ho phehellang, ho kenella ho eketsehileng ha tsoekere ea 5-10% ho etsoa. Haeba setšoantšo sa kliniki se lula se sa fetohe, ho hlokahala hore u nahane ka se seng, se sa amaneng le hypoglycemia, sesosa sa ho lahleheloa ke kelello. Ka tsela e tšoanang, ho hlokahala ho etsa kalafo bakeng sa "cerebral edema" (sorbitol, dexamethasone) le ho hlokomela boemo ba mokuli.

Fomu ea tokollo

Matlapa a 1 mg a palo 30, 60, 90, 120.
Matlapa a 2 mg No. 30, 60, 90, 120.
Matlapa a 3 mg No. 30, 60, 90, 120.

Letlapa le le leng le na le glimepiride 1, 2 kapa 3 mg.
Lisebelisoa tse ling: Lactose Monohydrate, starch ea Corn, Sodium Starch Glycolate (Mofuta A), Polysorbate 80, Povidone, Talc, Magnesium Stearate.

Tlhaloso ea Alatar ea lithethefatsi

Alatar ke lithethefatsi tse amanang le likokoana-hloko tse sebetsang tse nang le ketso e pharaletseng.Ka lebaka la phello e rarahaneng ea likarolo tse peli tsa malathion ea lithethefatsi le cypermethrin, sesebelisoa se felisa likokoanyana tsa mefuta e 28 e atileng haholo.

Kaha likarolo tsena tse peli li tlatselletsa mosebetsi oa e mong le e mong ka katleho, Alatar e loana ka katleho le ponahalo ea pele ea maleshoane, baahi ba bangata le likolone tse holang.

Sebopeho le mofuta oa tokollo

Ho eketsa katleho ea Alatar, sebopeho sa eona se kenyelletsa likarolo tsa mantlha le tse thusang:

• Milatonin, e amanang le metsoako ea phosphate ea organic. Karolo ena e na le chefo ho likokoanyana tse ngata tse jang meroho, litholoana le mekhabiso,
• Cypermethrin ke ntho e sebetsang ka potlako ea pyrethroid eo ketso ea eona e bakang ho bolaoa ke likokoana-hloko.
• Selelekela e sebetsang, ho ntlafatsa litlamorao tsa likarolo tse peli tsa pele tse sebetsang.
• Litharollo tse ling, lintho tse tsitsitseng le likarolo tsa li-antioxidants.

Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ho likokoanyana

Setlhare, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e potlakileng le e potlakileng ea likarolo tse peli tse sebetsang hang-hang, se kena ka mpeng ea sekhokho, kapa liketso tsa larvae tsamaisong ea methapo, li baka ho holofala. Ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle hantle le ho se khone ho ja, likokoanyana li shoa kapele ka ho lekana.

Ntle le moo, Alatar e na le likarolo tse khethehileng tsa ho khomarela, ka lebaka leo chefo e khomarelang makhasi le stems ka nako e telele. Le kamora ho nosetsa kapa pula e matla, phello ea Alatar ha e fele, hobane ka lebaka la litšobotsi tse khomarelang e lula makhasi kamora ho kopana le metsi.

Mofumahali

Mokelikeli oa glimepiride ka katleho o theola maemo a tsoekere. Setlhare sena se sebelisetsoa kalafo ka mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere le itšetlehileng ka insulin. Karolo e sebetsang e sebetsa haholo-holo ka ho susumetsa ho lokolloa ha insulin ho tsoa liseleng tsa "pancreatic". Ketso ena e etsahala ka lebaka la keketseho ea karabelo ea lisele tsa β-ho ts'oaroa ke tselana ea mmele ka tsoekere.

Glimepiride e thusa secretion ea insulin ka ho susumetsa liketane tsa potasiamo, tse itšetlehileng ka likarolo tsa ATP (tse fumanehang kahara membrane ea β-cell). Ntle le moo, ntho ena e na le phello ea extrapancreatic, e eketsang kutloisiso ea lithane tsa pherekano mabapi le insulin, hammoho le ho fokotsa litheko tsa ho kenella ka insulin.

Mofumahali

Kamora ho kenella, glimepiride e bonts'a bioavailability e felletseng. Ho ja hanyane ho ama ho amoheloa ha moriana - tekanyo ea ona tabeng ena e fokotsoa hanyane. Litekanyetso tsa serum ea boleng bo phahameng li bonoa ka mor'a lihora tse 2,5 ka mor'a ho kenella letlapeng kahare. Litekanyetso tsa boleng bo phahameng kahare ho serum ea mali ka mokhoa o lumellanang le litekanyo tsa litekanyetso tsa lithethefatsi.

Glimepiride e na le letšoao le tlase la bophahamo ba pokello (e ka bang 8.8 l), e ts'oanang le albin. Ntho ena e boetse e na le liprotheine tse ngata (ho feta 99%) le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa 48 (48 ml / motsotso).

Bophelo ba halofo ea li-serum tsa mali li ata ka lihora tse 5-8. Kamora tekanyetso e le 'ngoe ea lithethefatsi, ho ile ha tlalehoa maemo a latelang a radioactivity: ka moroto, 58%, le makhopho, 35%. Maemong ana, karolo e sa fetohang e sebetsang e ne e sa bonoe ka har'a moroto.

Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi tse ling

Ha o kopanya sethethefatsi le lithethefatsi tse ling, ho ka khoneha ho fokotseha kapa keketseho e sa rateheng ea phello ea eona ea hypoglycemic. Glimepiride e ama mmele ka thuso ea hemoprotein P450 2C9. Ho senotsoe hore lits'ebetso tsa metabolism tsa ntho ena li anngoe ke batšehetsi ba sebelisitsoeng ka kopanelo (joalo ka rifampicin) kapa inhibitors (joalo ka fluconazole) ea hemoprotein P450 2C9.

Keketseho ea phello ea hypoglycemic ea Altara e etsahala maemong a kopaneng le sulfinpyrazone, mme ho ekelletsa le oxyphenbutazone, azapropazone le phenylbutazone. Tšusumetso e ts'oanang e etsahala ha o kopanya lithethefatsi le lithethefatsi tsa molomo tsa hypoglycemic, tetracyclines, MAOI, sulfonamides (ka ho pepesetsoa nako e telele), insulin, PASK le salicylates. Ntle le moo, ka lihormone tsa botona le botšehali (banna) le li-anticenz tsa anabolic, lithethefatsi tse thibelang lefuba tse tsoang mokhatlong o tsoang ho quinolone, hammoho le phenenicide, chloramphenicol, fenfluramine, coumarin anticoagulants le miconazole e nang le pentoxifylline (litekanyetso tse kholo). Lethathamo lena le kenyelletsa li-inhibitors tsa ACE, fibrate, fluoxetine e nang le tritokvalin, kutloelo-bohloko, allopurinol, trophosphamide le cyclophosphamide, hammoho le fluconazole le ifosfamide.

Ho fokola ha phello ea hypoglycemic ea lithethefatsi ho etsahala maemong a kopaneng le progestogens le estrogens, hammoho le lithethefatsi tsa thiazide diuretic, saluretics, ts'ebetso ea qoqotho e tsosang lithethefatsi, epinephrine le GCS, hammoho le psychathomimetics le phenothiazine e tsoang ho chlorpromazine. Hape ha e kopantsoe ke niacin le lintho tse tsoang ho eona, phenytoin, laxatives (ka ts'ebeliso ea bona ea nako e telele), glucagon le diazoxide, hape le rifampicin, barbiturates le acetazolamide.

Lithethefatsi tse thibelang li-receptor tsa β-adrenergic le li-term2 tsa H2, hape, ho ekelletsa moo, Clonidine e nang le reserpine e ka ba le monyetla oa ho fokolisa phello ea hypoglycemic ea lithethefatsi. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea sympatholytics (har'a bona clonidine e nang le reserpine, lithethefatsi tse thibelang β-adrenergic receptors, hammoho le guanethidine), phello ea phello ea adrenergic, e bakang ho fokotseha ha boleng ba glucose, e ka fokotseha kapa ea nyamela ka ho felletseng.

Glimepiride e mpefatsa kapa e baka litlamorao tsa litlamorao tsa coumarin.

, ,

Lintho tse fapaneng tse tla etsahala

Sehlopha sena se latelang se sebelisoa ho lekola liketsahalo tsa mefuta e fapaneng: hangata 1/10, hangata:> 1/100 le 1/1000 le 1/10 000 le 1)

1) Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, erythrocytopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia, eo, joalo ka molao, e nyamelang ha moriana o khaotsoe, o ka bonoa.

2) Litla-morao tse tsamaisanang le maemo li ka fetoha liphihlelo tse tebileng ka ho phefumoloha, phepelo ea methapo, 'me ka linako tse ling ka ho tsitsisa.

3) Boitšoaro ba Hypoglycemic hangata bo hlaha hang hang, bo ka ba matla haholo mme ha ho bonolo ho bo lokisa.

4) Ho senyeha ha nakoana hoa pono ho ka bonoa haholo hangata qalong ea kalafo mme ho bakoa ke phetoho ea khatello ea glucose maling.

5) Litletlebo tse tsoang ho tšilo ea lijo ka linako tse ling li baka kalafo.

6) Hepatitis e ka baka ho hloleha ha sebete.

Sebelisa nakong ea bokhachane le pelehi

Ha ho na data e lekaneng mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea glimepiride bakeng sa basali baimana, ka hona ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa nakong eohle.

Ha e tsejoe, glimepiride e fetela lebese la matsoele. Ka lebaka la hore sulfonylureas tse ling li kenella ka lebeseng la matsoele, ho na le kotsi ea hypoglycemia ho lesea, ka hona, ha ho sebelisoa glimepiride, ho anyesa ho lokela ho emisoe.

Glimepiride ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho bana ka lebaka la boiphihlelo bo sa lekaneng.

Na u khathetse ke taolo ea likokonyana?

Naheng kapa ka foleteng maphele, litoeba kapa likokonyana tse ling lia senyeha? U hloka ho loana le bona! Ke bakuli ba maloetse a tebileng: salmonellosis, rabies.

Baahi ba bangata ba lehlabula ba tobane le likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo le ho senya limela.

Maemong a joalo, babali ba rona ba khothaletsa ho sebelisa boqapi ba morao-rao - Pest Reject repeller.

E na le thepa e latelang:

• E imolla menoang, maphele, litoeba, likokoanyana, litšitšili
• E sireletsehile bakeng sa bana le liphoofolo tsa lapeng
• Ho bokelloa matla ha ho hlokahale hore ho phekoe hape
• Ha ho na tšusumetso e matla ho likokonyana
• Sebaka se seholo sa sesebelisoa

Likarolo tsa ts'ebeliso

Matlapa a lokela ho sebelisoa kapele pele kapa ka lijo.

Ha u sa je lijo khafetsa kapa haeba lijo li tlotsoa, ​​tšebeliso ea glimepiride e ka lebisa ho hypoglycemia. Matšoao a hypoglycemia a ka etsahala: ho opeloa ke hlooho, tlala e matla, ho nyekeloa, ho hlatsa, ho tepella, ho otsela, ho tsitsinyeha ha boroko, boemo bo ferekaneng, ho ba mabifi, ho tsepamisa mohopolo nako e telele, ho eketsa nako ea ho arabela, ho sithabela, pherekano, puo le ho ferekana hoa pono, aphasia, ho thothomela, paresis, likoluoa ​​tsa maikutlo, ho tsekela, ho hloka thuso, ho lahleheloa ke boitšoaro, ho nyekeloa, ho akheha, ho otsela le ho lahleheloa ke kelello ka nts'etsopele ea precoma le komello, phefumoloho e sa tebang, bradycardia.

Ntle le moo, ho ka hlaha matšoao a kang ho fufuleloa, letlalo le ts'oanang, ho tšoenyeha, tachycardia, khatello ea methapo ea pelo, phallo ea pelo, ho senyeha ha pelo le tšitiso ea pelo. Tlhahiso ea bongaka ea hypoglycemia e matla e kanna ea tšoana le tlhaiso ea bongaka ea stroke.

Boemo ba hypoglycemia hangata bo ka felisoa kapele ka ho ja lik'habohaedreite (tsoekere). Mefuta ea tsoekere e entsoeng ka maiketsetso ha e ea lokela sena.

Ho tsoa phihlelong ea lithethefatsi tse ling tsa sulfonylurea, hoa tsebahala hore hypoglycemia e ka khutla le ha ho bile le litholoana tse atlehileng tsa pele. Hypoglycemia e matla kapa e telele, e laoloang ka nakoana ke tšebeliso ea tsoekere, e hloka kalafo hanghang ka lithethefatsi mme, mohlomong, ho kena sepetlele.

Lintlha tse latelang li ka kenya letsoho kholisong ea hypoglycemia: ho se batlehe ha mokuli kapa ho se khone ho sebelisana le ngaka (haholo-holo ho batho ba tsofetseng), lijo tse sa tsoakoang, tse sa tloaelehang, ho tlōla lijo kapa ho bolaoa ke tlala, ho se sebetse hantle pakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele le tšebeliso ea lik'habohaedreite, phetoho ea lijo, tšebeliso ea joala, haholoholo mmoho le ho ja lijo tse sa fepheng, ho sebetsa ha renal, ho senyeha ha sebete, ts'ebetso e feteletseng ea glimepiride, mafu a mang a sa sebetseng a tsamaiso ea endocrine, carbohydrate metabolism kapa e sebetsa joalo ka molaoli oa khahlanong le hypoglycemia (dysfunctions tse ling tsa tšoelesa ea qoqotho, ho se lekane ha anterior pituitary kapa adrenal cortex), tsamaiso e tšoanang ea lithethefatsi tse ling.

Nakong ea kalafo ka glimepiride, ho lekola khafetsa litekanyetso tse latelang ho hlokahala: litekanyo tsa tsoekere ea mali le moroto, maemo a glycosylated hemoglobin, matšoao a ts'ebetso ea sebete, setšoantšo sa mali (haholo-holo palo ea leukocytes le liplatelete).

Bokhoni ba ho susumetsa sekhahla sa karabelo ha ho khanna likoloi kapa mekhoa e meng

Ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ka lebaka la linaha tse ka 'nang tsa ba le hypo- kapa hyperglycemia, hammoho le ho senyeha hoa pono, bokhoni ba ho tsepamisa mohopolo bo ka fokotsoa, ​​bo ka ba kotsi ha u khanna koloi kapa u sebelisa mokhoa oa ho sebetsa. Ka hona, ba lokela ho eletsoa hore ba nke mehato e hlokahalang e thibelang monyetla oa hypoglycemia nakong ea ho khanna. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo ho bakuli ba tloaetseng ho ba le liketsahalo tsa hypoglycemia kapa pono e fokolisitsoeng kapa e sa bonahaleng ea matšoao ao e leng matšoao a hypoglycemia. Maemong a joalo, o lokela ho nahana ka tšoaneleho ea ho khanna.

Melemo ea pharmacological

Thekhi Glimepiride ke moemeli ea sebetsang oa "hypoglycemic" e sebelisoang kalafo ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le sa ts'epeng le "insulin".

MofumahaliSuction. The bioavailability ea glimepiride kamora hore tsamaiso ea eona ea molomo e fete. Ho ja ha ho ame ho monya haholo, empa sekhahla sa ho monya se fokotseha hanyane. Khokahano e phahameng ea serum (C _max ) kamora ho kenella ho fihlelloa kamora lihora tse 2,5 (ka karolelano 0,3 μg / ml ka taolo e phetoang ka tekanyetso ea 4 mg ka letsatsi), le kamano ea mola pakeng tsa lethal dose le C e bonoa _max hammoho le sebaka se katlasa nako ea mahloriso ea nako ea mahloriso (AUC).

Tsamaiso. Ho glimepiride, bonyane moqolo o fokolang oa thomello (hoo e ka bang lilithara tse 8,8) o lekana le oa albin, tekanyo e phahameng ea protheine e tlamang (> 99%) le tumello e nyane (hoo e ka bang 48 ml / min).

Metabolism le ho felisoa. Nako ea halofo ea bophelo ba serum e ka ba lihora tse 5-8. Kamora tekanyetso e le 'ngoe ea glimepiride e nang le label ea radioactive, radioacaction e ile ea hlaha ka har'a moroto (58%) le makhopho (35%). Motsoako o sebetsang oa moroto ha oa ka oa bonahala. Ho fumanoe metabolites e 'meli ka har'a moroto le makhopho: hydroxy derivative le carboxypochidne glimepiride. Kamora ho nka glimepiride, halofo ea ho qetela ea bophelo ba metabolites tsena e ne e le lihora tse 3-6 le lihora tse 5-6, ka ho latellana. Ha ho bapisoa mats'oants'o a nako e le 'ngoe ka letsatsi le karohano e le' ngoe le e pheta-phetoang ha ea ka ea senoloa, 'me phapang ea maemo a phapang e ne e se kholo haholo. Ha ho maikutlo a bohlokoa a hlokometsoeng. Pharmacokinetics e ts'oanang e bonoa ho banna le basali, hammoho le ho bakuli ba lilemong tse nyane le bakuli ba lilemo tse fetang 65.

Baetsi

Tlhahiso ka bongata:

Sebaka. X-17 / X-18, O.I.D.Ts., Mahatma Gandhi Udiog Nagar, Dubhel, Daman 396210, India.

Tlhahiso ea "ka bongata", polasetiki ea ho qetela, tlhahiso ea letoto:

A.Menarini Production Logistics & Services S.r.l.

Sebaka. Via Campo di Pile 67100 L'Aquila (AK), Italy.

A. Menarini Production Logistics & Services S.r.l.

Sebaka. Via Sete Santi 3, 50131 Florence (FI), Italy.

Ho khetha Alatar

Alatar e na le litlamorao tse fapaneng ka bongata, e kotsi ho li-colorado, tšoele ea likhoele, makhooa, scoops, makhasi a makhapetla, li-aphid, 'metso, maratsoana, li-whiteflies, li-weevil, liboseleise le likokoanyana tse ling tse ngata tse lematsang jarete le limela tsa lapeng. Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e ka aroloa ho kalafo ea limela tsa ka tlung, lijalo tsa hortic setso.

Bakeng sa limela tsa ka tlung

Phekolo ea lipalesa tsa ka tlung le lihlahla tsa mahaeng tse khabisitsoeng li etsoa haholo ka ho sebelisa Alatara. Empa ho sebetsana le hona ho hloka mehato e khethehileng ea ho ba hlokolosi, kaha ts'ebetso e etsoa sebakeng se kampetsoeng ka moea o fokolang.

Ho sebetsoa ha limela tsa ka tlung ke Alatar ho etsetsoa:

• Tlosa li-aphid, thrips, tšoele le likokoanyana tse ling tse jang lipalesa tsa lapeng le lihlahla,
• Ho loantša likokoanyana tse jang lihlahla tsa mekhabiso tse holang kahare,
• Ho thibela ponahalo ea mali a batang hape u se ke oa khutlisetsa morao ho 'ona.

Bakeng sa lijalo tsa horticultural

Ho li-dachas le lirapeng tsa meroho, Alatar e sebelisoa ke hoo e ka bang serapa se seng le se seng se nang le boiphihlelo, hobane ka eona, mathata a joalo ka lipalesa, meroho le litholoana le lifate tsa melee li rarollotsoe:

• Kenya sesebelisoa bakeng sa ho felisoa ha kokoanyana ea litapole ea Colorado,
• Ho tlosa lifate tsa litlou tse jang le lipampiri,
• Ho kenyelletsa ponahalo le ho loana le li-aphid tse tloaelehileng, tse khethehileng le tse khutsitseng,
• Ho bolaea likokoanyana tse lematsang lihlahla tsa litholoana le tsa melee, joalo ka marako,
• Bakeng sa ho felisoa ha likokoanyana tse jang lijalo tsa meroho, ka sebopeho sa scoop, fly fly, khokho e tšoeu, tšoele le makhasi a makhasi,
• Ho netefatsa phello ea thibelo ea ponahalo kapa ho khutla ha likokoanyana tsohle tse thathamisitsoeng le tse ling tse ngata.

Sekhahla sa tšebeliso

Ho latela hore na ho etsoa mosebetsi ofe ha ho sebelisoa kokoanyana e bolaeang likokoanyana, tekanyo ea tšebeliso ea eona nakong ea ho fafatsa le eona e tla fetoha.

Litekanyetso tse kholo tsa kopo ea ts'ebetso ea lijalo tse fapaneng tsa limela:

• Ho loantša colorado, weevil le likokoanyana tse ling tse jang lijalo tsa meroho, ampoule ea 5 ml e hlapolotsoe ka lilithara tse 4 tsa metsi. Ho fafatsa ho etsoa nakong ea lipalesa, ka sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea litha e le 4 tsa molora tse fumanehang ka 100m2.
• Bakeng sa ho hlorisoa ha onion fofa, liphekolo tse peli li se li entsoe ka tharollo e ts'oanang le ea colorado.
• Ho felisoa ha kutu le pampitšana ho kenyelletsa ho sebetsa le ampoule e le 'ngoe ea moriana, o kentsoeng ka lithara tse 10 tsa metsi.Tšela lilithara tse 5 nakong ea lipalesa tsa sefate.
• E le ho senya li-aphid, 5 ml ea moriana e qhaloa ka lilithara tse 5 tsa metsi. Ho sebetsoa ho lokela ho etsahala nakong ea nako ea ho hola ka lebelo la litara e le ngoe ka sehlahla.
• Ts'ireletso le kalafo ea lipalesa le lihlahla tse khabisitsoeng li etsoa ka tharollo ea karolelano ea lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi ho flask e le 'ngoe. Sehlahla se le seng ha se na litara tse fetang 5 tsa molora ka 100 sq.m. sebaka se lenngoeng.

Phekolo ea lithethefatsi

Ha tharollo e hlokahalang bakeng sa semela e se e lokisitsoe, ba tsoela pele ho hlorisoa ka mali a batang.

Litaelo tsa ho fafatsa limela ka Alatar:

• Ka ho shebella ka hloko tekanyo ea ho fafatsa le sethethefatsi, makhasi a semela a phekoloa a sebelisa sethunya sa spray.
• Ho fafatsa ho etsoa ka matsatsi a omileng le ka mor'a ho nosetsa,
• Tsela eo moea o fokelang ho eona e lokela ho tsotelloa, kaha setlhare ha sea lokela ho fafatsoa ka mor'a limela.
• Seterateng ha ea lokela ho futhumala ho feta likhato tse 25 (kapa mocheso o tlase ho 12 degrees), hobane ho se shebe puso ea mocheso ho na le phello e mpe nakong ea ketso ea likhomphutha tse sebetsang.

Litlhokahalo tsa polokeho

Nakong ea ho fafatsa motho o lokela ho ba le sutu e koetsoeng ka marikhoe a malelele a potlakileng. Sefahleho se tlameha ho ba le maske kapa moea o phefumolohang, le likhoele, kaha ho kopana le ntho e nang le chefo e nang le membrane ea mucous kapa mahlo ho ka siea ho chesoa ha bobebe.

Haeba Alatar e kene letlalong kapa mucous, kapa mahlo - libaka tsena li lokela ho hlatsoa hang-hang ka metsi a mangata a futhumetseng.

Sebaka sa ho reka le lithethefatsi ke bokae?

Reka Alatar ha ho thata, botsa feela ka ho fumaneha ha moriana lebenkeleng lefe kapa lefe le ikhethang. Ho feta moo, theko ea sehlahisoa e na le demokrasi haholo, hobane bakeng sa botlolo e nang le 25 ml u tla tlameha ho lefa ho feta li-ruble tse 70-80.

Kapa o ka fumana lithethefatsi inthaneteng. Palo e kholo ea libaka tsa marang-rang ha e fane ka monyetla oa ho fana ka litlhare lapeng feela, empa e fana ka likeletso mabapi le tšebeliso ea eona. Theko e marang-rang e tla fapana ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 40 ho isa ho tse 70 bakeng sa 25 ml ea Alatar.

Ketso ea pharmacological

Sesebelisoa se sebetsang ke glimepiride - moemeli ea sebetsang oa hypoglycemic ea sebelisang ho phekola bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Glimepiride e susumetsa tokollo ea insulin ka lisele tsa "pancreatic β". Matla ana a amahanngoa le karabelo e eketsehang ea lisele tsa β ho susumetsa tsoekere ea tlhaho. Glimepiride e na le bioavailability ka botlalo ka mor'a taolo ea molomo. Ho ja ha ho ame ka ho teba ho amoheloa ha moriana, ho na le phokotso e nyane feela ea tekanyo ea ho amoheloa ha moriana. Palo e phahameng ea lithethefatsi serum e tlalehiloe lihora tse 2,5 ka mor'a ho tsamaisoa ka molomo. Kamano e nang le moeli pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa glimepiride le ho kenella ha eona ka bongata serumeng sa mali li hlokomelehile. Glimepiride e na le palo e nyane ea kabo (e ka bang 8.8 L), e lumellanang le albin, tekanyo e phahameng ea ho tlama liprotheine tsa plasma (ho feta 99%) le tumello e tlase (48 ml / min).

Nako ea halofo ea bophelo ba li-serum li nka lihora tse 5-8. Ka tsamaiso e le 'ngoe ea glimepiride e nang le label ea radioactive, radioactivity ea moroto (58%) le feces (35%) e ile ea rekota. Lintho tse sa fetoheng tse sebetsang ka har'a moroto li ne li sa khethoa Ha ho bapisoa le tekanyetso e mengata le e le 'ngoe, li-drugacokinetics tsa moriana ha lia ka tsa fetoha haholo,' me phapang ea maikutlo e ne e sa fapana haholo. Cumulation ea bohlokoa le eona ha e hlokomeloe. Bakeng sa banna le basali, hammoho le ho batho ba banyenyane le ba baholo (lilemo tse fetang 65), ho na le k'hemiste e tšoanang ea drug drug. Tloaelo ea ho fokotseha ha mahloriso a glimepiride ka serum ea mali e ile ea bonoa ho batho ka bomong ba nang le tekanyetso e tlase ea creatinine, e ka amanang le ho felisoa ha ntho e sebetsang ka potlako (ka lebaka la tekanyo e tlase ea ho tlama liprotheine tsa plasma). Ho bokellana ho eketsehileng ha moriana sehlopheng sena sa bakuli ho bonahala ho sa etsahale.

Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi

Ka tsamaiso e tšoanang ea lithethefatsi Altar le lithethefatsi tse ling, keketseho e fokolisang kapa e sa rateheng ea thepa ea eona ea hypoglycemic e kanna ea hlokomeloa. Glimepiride e fana ka phello ea eona ka cytochrome P450 2C9. Ho pakoa hore ts'ebeliso e kopaneng ea li-activator (mohlala, rifampicin) le cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitors (fluconazole) li ama metabolism ea glimepiride.
Keketseho ea thepa ea "hypoglycemic" ea lithethefatsi Altar e bonoa ha e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le phenylbutazone, azapropazone, oxyphenbutazone, sulfinpyrazone, litlhare tsa antidiabetic, insulin, sulfanilamides e nang le ts'ebetso ea nako e telele, lithethefatsi tsa banna, lithethefatsi tsa li-anabolic. , chloramphenicol, phenenicide, coumarin anticoagulants, miconazole, fenflura li-mines, pentoxifylline (ka bomong ka tekanyetso e phahameng), li-fiber, tritokvalin, li-inhibitors tsa ACE, fluoxetine, allopurinol, sympatholyticim, cyclophosphamide, trophosphamide, ifosfamide, fluconazole.

Phokotso ea thepa ea "hypoglycemic" ea lithethefatsi Altar e bonoa ha e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le li-estrogens le progestogens, saluretics, thiazide diuretics, li-agents tse tsosetsang ts'ebetso ea litšoelesa tsa qoqotho, GCS, phenothiazine le chlorpromazine, epinephrine le sympathomimetics, nicotinic acid. , finitoin, diazoxide, glucagon, barbiturates, rifampicin, acetazolamide.
Li-blockers tsa Β-adrenergic le H2-receptor blockers, reserpine le clonidine li ka fokolisa kapa tsa ntlafatsa thepa ea hypoglycemic ea lithethefatsi Altar. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea li-audiatholytics tse kang reserpine, guanethidine, clonidine, le β-adrenergic blockers, litlamorao tsa komporo ea "adrenergic" ea ho fokotseha ha maemo a tsoekere e ka fokola kapa ea ba sieo. Glimepiride e fokolisa kapa e ntlafatsa litlamorao tsa tse tsoang ho coumarin.