Mathata a lefu la tsoekere ke afe?

Mathata a morao a lefu la tsoekere ha a hlalosehe (a hlaha ka mefuta e fapaneng ea lefu la tsoekere), ana a kenyeletsa:

1. Micro- le macroangiopathy (atherosulinosis ea methapo e meholo ea methapo),

Sesosa se ka sehloohong sa mathata a morao a lefu la tsoekere ke hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia le hypercholesterolemia. Li lebisa tšenyehong ea methapo ea mali le ho se sebetse hantle ha litho tse fapaneng tsa mmele le lisele ka ho glycosylation ea liprotheine, sebopeho sa sorbitol le activation ea atherosclerosis.

Nakong ea glycosylation ea liprotheine (li-proteinoglycans, li-collagens, glycoproteins) tsa likarolo tse ka tlase, phapanyetsano ea tsona, khokahano le sebopeho li hlophiseha, likarolo tsa kamore e ka tlase li fetoha tse ngata le li-angiopathie li nts'etsapele.

Macroangiopathies e bonahatsoa ka marang-rang a likepe tse kholo le tse mahareng tsa pelo, bokong, lipalo tse tlase. Liprotheine tsa Glycosylated tsa membrane e ka tlas'a lefatše le matrix ea li-intercellular (collagen le elastin) li fokotsa botebo ba methapo. Glycosylation ha e kopantsoe le hyperlipidemia ea lithethefatsi tsa glycosylated le hypercholesterolemia ke sesosa sa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea atherosclerosis.

Li-Microangiopathies ke litholoana tsa tšenyo ea li-capillaries le likepe tse nyane. E bonahalitsoe ka sebopeho sa nephro-, neuro- le retinopathy.

Nephropathy e hlaha hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Sesupo sa mehato ea pele ea nephropathy ke microalbuminuria (ka nako ea 30-300 mg / ka letsatsi), eo ka mor'a moo e feteletsang ho nephrotic syndrome, e khetholloang ke protheine e phahameng, hypoalbuminemia le edema.

Retinopathy, motsoako o kotsi ka ho fetisisa oa lefu la tsoekere le sesosa se atisang ho foufatsa, o hlaha ho 60-80% ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Mehatong ea pele, ho hlaha basal retinopathy, e iponahatsang ka hemorrhages ea retinal, vasodilation ea retina le edema. Haeba liphetoho li sa ama macula, hangata tahlehelo ea pono ha e etsahale. Nakong e tlang, proliferative retinopathy e ka hlaha, e bonahatsoa ke neoplasms ea li-retina le li-vitreous. Fragility le phumaneho e phahameng ea likepe tse sa tsoa theha li khetholla khafetsa khafetsa ka hare ho 'mele oa retina kapa oa mmele o matla. Sebakeng sa marang-rang a mali, fibrosis ea hlaha, e lebisang ho ho heleng hape le ho lahleheloa ke pono.

Lefu la tsoekere la lefu la tsoekere (ka bokhutšoanyane - lefu la tsoekere) le tšoauoa ka thupelo e sa tsitsang le e rarahaneng, 'me maemong ohle, haufinyane e lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea mathata a fapaneng.

Lebaka le ka sehloohong la nts'etsopele ea mathata afe kapa afe a lefu la tsoekere ke keketseho e sa feleng ea palo ea tsoekere maling. Litsebi tsa bongaka li khothaletsa hore batho bohle ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba lokele ho laola tsoekere ea bona ea mali ka linako tsohle le ho etsa lintho tse hlokahalang ka nako le ka kalafo.

Mathata a tebileng a lefu la tsoekere

Mathata a hlobaetsang a lefu lena le hlahang a supa kotsi e kholo le ho sokela bophelong ba motho ea nang le lefu la tsoekere, hobane ke lona le ka lebisang lefung la mokuli.

Mathata a hlobaetsang a kenyelletsa:

  • Ketoacidosis. E hlaha ka lebaka la ho bokellana ha lihlahisoa tsa metabolic maling. Matšoao a ka sehloohong a kenyelletsa: ho felloa ke kelello, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea litsamaiso le litho tse fapaneng tsa kahare. Ketoacidosis e tšoaetsoa habonolo ke batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.
  • Hypoglycemia E ka hola ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ho matla ha glucose ea plasma. Matšoao: ho haella ha karabelo e nepahetseng ea seithuti ho khanya, ho lahleheloa ke tsebo, keketseho e matla ea tsoekere ho plasma kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang, makhopho, ho fufuleloa ho feteletseng, maemong a mang, komisi. Hypoglycemia e ka hlaha ho diabetes, bakuli eseng feela 1, empa hape le mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere.
  • Hyperosmolar coma. E hlaha ka sekhahla se ntseng se eketseha sa glucose maling, hammoho le sodium. Nts'etsopele ea eona e tsamaisana le ho omella hoa mmele ka nako e telele. Matšoao a ka sehloohong a kenyelletsa polydipsia le polyuria. Nts'etsopele ea khatello ena e kotsing haholo ho batho ba baholo, bakuli.
  • Komisi ea lactacidotic. Motheo oa nts'etsopele ke ho bokellana ho feteletseng ha lactic acid maling. Matšoao a eona a sehlooho ke ho tsekela, ho qhoma ka tšohanyetso khatello ea mali, ho se atlehe phefumong le ho thata ho ntša metsi. Tlhatlhobo ena maemong a mangata e hlaha ho mafu a tsoekere a lilemo tse 50 (ho feta tse 50).

Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore mathata a matla a lefu la tsoekere ho bana le batho ba baholo a tšoana, kahoo ho bohlokoa ho lekola boemo ba bophelo bo botle le matšoao a itseng a hlahang mofuteng oa lefu la tsoekere. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mathata ana a ka holimo e ka hlaha kapele, maemong a mang ka lihora tse 'maloa. Ka ho theoha ho matla ha bophelo bo botle le ho hlaha hoa lipontšo leha e le life tse kaholimo tsa mathata a lefu la tsoekere, o lokela ho batla thuso ea bongaka hanghang.

Mathata a sa foleng a lefu la tsoekere

Mathata a amanang le lefu la tsoekere a bakoa ke ho kula ha nako e telele. Le ha ho shebiloe hantle mekhoa eohle e hlokahalang ea bongaka, lefu la tsoekere le mpefatsa boemo ba bophelo ba mokuli ka mong. Kaha lefu lena ka nako e telele le ka fetola sebopeho sa mali tseleng ea methapo, motho a ka lebella ponahalo ea mathata a sa foleng a amang litho tsa kahare le lits'ebetso tsa motho.

Hangata ka mathata a sa foleng a utloa bohloko:

  • Lijana. Li-lumen tsa bona nakong ea tsoekere ea nako e telele li ka nyopa haholo, 'me mabota a bona a ba mosesaane hape a ba bobebe ho lintho tsohle tse thusang tse kenang' meleng. Sena se ka qholotsa nts'etsopele ea methapo e mengata ea pelo e tebileng.
  • Liphio. Ka nako e telele ea lefu lena, maemong a mangata, ho hloleha ha boi ho hlaha.
  • Letlalo. DM e ka ama letlalo la motho hampe. Kaha phallo ea mali liseleng tsa letlalo e fokotsehile haholo ka lefu lena, ho ka hlaha lisele tsa trophic ho lona, ​​tseo hangata e bang mohloli o ka sehloohong oa tšoaetso le liso tse fapaneng.
  • Tsamaiso ea methapo. Ka lefu la tsoekere, tsamaiso ea methapo e fetoha haholo. Pele ho tsohle, liphetoho tse joalo li bonahala ka ponahalo ea letšoao la ho hloka botsitso ha maoto le matsoho. Mokuli o qala ho ba le bofokoli bo sa feleng lithong le matsoho le bohloko bo sa feleng. Maemong a mang a rarahaneng haholo, liphetoho tsamaisong ea methapo li ka baka kholo ea ho holofala.

Mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere

Mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere a bakoa ke ho holofala butle butle ha lilemo li ntse li feta. Kotsi ea mathata a joalo ke hore butle-butle, empa, haholo, o mpefatsa bophelo bo botle ba lefu la tsoekere. Litsebi tsa bongaka li pheha khang ea hore leha ho e-na le ts'ebetso e nang le bokhoni le ts'ebetso ea kamehla ea mekhoa eohle e boletsoeng ea kalafo, ho thata haholo ho itšireletsa nts'etsopele ea mathata ana.

Mathata a morao-rao a kenyelletsa:

  • Retinopathy E tšoauoa ka tšenyo ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, e ka etsang hore e se ke ea senyeha feela, empa e boetse e hemorrhage ho Fundus. Lefu lena le ka lebisa tahlehelong e felletseng ea tšebetso ea pono. Retinopathy hangata e fumanoa ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la "boiphihlelo" ba nang le mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa lefu, leha ho le joalo, hangata e hlaha ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.
  • Angiopathy. Ke tlolo ea tumello ea methapo. Ho ka tsosa ponahalo ea thrombosis le atherosclerosis. Angiopathy e hlaha ka potlako haholo, maemong a mang ka nako e ka tlase ho selemo.Bakuli ba 1 le 2 mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere ba ka angoa ke lefu lena.
  • Polyneuropathy. Ka lefu lena, motho o lahleheloa ke maikutlo le bohloko le mocheso liphateng le ka tlase le holimo. Matšoao a kenyelletsa ho chesa le ho akheha ka matsoho le maoto. Psychology ena e ka hlaha ho tsoekere efe kapa efe.
  • Leoto la lefu la tsoekere. Tšenyo ea maoto, moo ho nang le liso le makhopho a hlaha maotong. Maemong a mangata, lefu lena le lebisa ho kenelletseng ha bongaka, ho kenyelletsa le ho poma leoto le amehileng. Kaha mokuli e mong le e mong ea nang le lefu la tsoekere a ka ba teng, lingaka li khothaletsa hore motho e mong le e mong, ntle le mokhelo, a ele hloko bohloeki le matšeliso a maoto.

Mehato ea kalafo le ea thibelo

Pele ho tsohle, kalafo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere e ba thibela. Litsebi tsa lefu la tsoekere li hloka ho latela litaelo tsohle tsa mantlha tsa bongaka ho thibela nts'etsopele ea mathata a mangata a lefu la tsoekere le ho bona ho fokotseha ha tsoekere ea mali. Le ka nts'etsopele ea mofuta o fe kapa o fe oa mathata, ho bohlokoa ho nka mehato e nepahetseng ho potlakisa maemo a tsoekere ea plasma, hobane ho sa itšetleha feela ka mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere ka boyona, empa le litlamorao tsa eona.

Thibelo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere a kenyeletsa:

  • taolo ea tsoekere ea mali,
  • tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea bongaka le tlhahlobo ea bongaka,
  • ho latela tsamaiso ea lijo
  • ho etsa mmuso o hlakileng oa letsatsi (hoa hlokahala ho tseba ka nepo nako ea ho tsoha hoseng le ho robala, nako ea mosebetsi, lihora tsa tsamaiso ea liente tsa insulin, jj.),
  • ho ikoetlisa ka tsela e leka-lekaneng le ho phomola hantle,
  • ho boloka bohloeki le bohloeki ka lapeng,
  • Ts'ehetso ea mmele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le kalafo e tlang ka nako ea mafu a sefuba le mafu a tšoaetsanoang.

Ehlile, mathata afe kapa afe a lefu la tsoekere a ke ke a phekoloa ka mehato eohle e kaholimo, kaha nyeoe ka 'ngoe e hloka ts'ebeliso ea meriana e itseng le mekhoa e mengata e ikhethang ea kalafo. Leha ho le joalo, ho latela litlhahiso tse joalo ho ke ke ha thusa feela ho boloka mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa lefu la tsoekere, empa hape ho tla fokotsa haholo kotsi ea ho ba le mathata a lefu lena.

Ntho e ka sehloohong e kenyelletsang kholisong ea angiopathy ho lefu la tsoekere ke hyperglycemia. Sena se hlalosa bohlokoa ba kalafo e nepahetseng ea lefu la tsoekere, e leng, ho fana ka matšeliso bakeng sa mathata a metabolism ea carbohydrate - Normoglycemia le aglycosuria. Sena se pakahatsoa ke lithuto tsa DCCT tsa nako e telele tse tlang (tsa mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere) le thuto ea UKPDS.

Lefu la tsoekere la retinopathy. Ntle le matšeliso a tiileng a lefu la tsoekere, kalafo e eketsehileng e boetse e etsoa ho latela sethala sa lefu la tsoekere. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo e tlang ka nako ea methati ea pele ea retinopathy, tlhahlobo ea kamehla ea (1 nako ka selemo) e hlokahala, mme ha matšoao a pele a retinopathy a hlaha, setsebi sa mahlo sa mahlo se lokela ho hlahloba mokuli ea joalo ka likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse tšeletseng. Bakuli ba nang le "retinopathy" e sa feteng proliferative le tsoekere ea lipids tsa mali ba bontšoa ho phekoloa ka lipid-lowing le antioxidant, lithethefatsi tse tlase tsa boima ba 'mele "heparin" (sulodexide, Wessel duet F), dipyridamole.
Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho tiisa ho qala ha retinopathy, 'me ka hona, thibelo ea bofofu, ke laser coagulation, e etsoang ka ho sebelisaarone, krypton kapa ruby ​​laser ka sebopeho sa lehae (moo ho nang le li-hemorrhage tse ngata tse ngata, retinal le preretinal hemorrhages). le edema ea morao-rao ka polasing ea eona ea morao) kapa panretinal (e nang le proliferative retinopathy).Ka proliferative diabetesic retinopathy e rarahaneng ke vitreous hemorrhage le boteng ba lisele tse ngatafatsang, bangoli ba bang ba khothaletsa cryocoagulation, e ka ntlafatsang kapa ea tsitsisa pono e setseng le ho thibela nts'etsopele ea bofofu bo felletseng. Li-hemorrhages tsa Vitreous ke sesupo sa ho nepahala.

Lefu la tsoekere.
Hammoho le taolo e tiileng ea glycemia ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la 1 lefu la tsoekere, selemo le selemo, ho qala ka selemo sa 5 ho tloha qalong ea lefu la tsoekere, moroto o lokela ho hlahlojoa bakeng sa microalbuminuria, 'me ka matšoao a lefu la tsoekere a na le lefu la tsoekere, tlhahlobo e etsoa ntle le hore na lefu la tsoekere le na le nako e kae. Mofuteng oa 2 oa lefu la tsoekere, tlhahlobo ea moroto e etsoa likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse tšeletseng ho tloha motsotsong oa ho tsebahala. Re lokela ho hopola hore ka ts'oaetso ea ts'ebetso ea urine, ts'ebeliso ea lijo tse nang le protheine e ngata, ho ikoetlisa ka matla, mafu a tšoaetsanoang, maemo a fapaneng a sithabetsang, ho ka ba le "sephetho se fosahetseng" ha o hlahloba moroto bakeng sa microalbuminuria. Ha proteinuria e hlaha, ho hlahlojoa ha keketseho ea tlhahiso ea albin hoa hlokahala, le tatellano (hang kamora likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse tšeletseng, boikemisetso ba khatello ea mali le ho etsa tlhahlobo ea Reberg).

Boemong ba microalbuminuria, lithethefatsi tse tsoang sehlopheng sa "eniotensin" e fetolang maikutlo li khothaletsoa ka tekanyetso e nyane ea Captopril (capoten) 12,5 mg makhetlo a 2-3 ka letsatsi, enalapril (renitec, enap) 2,5 mg makhetlo a 2 ka letsatsi, perindopril (prestarium) 2 mg hang ka letsatsi, ramipril (tritace) 1,25 mg makhetlo a 1-2 ka letsatsi.
O ka nka lithethefatsi tsena lithutong (nako ea likhoeli tse 2-3, lithuto tse 2-3 ka selemo) ka li-microalbuminuria tse fokolang (ka tlase ho 100 mg / ka letsatsi) kapa ka ho tsoelang pele (ka microalbuminuria e fetang 100 mg / ka letsatsi). Ntle le moo, ho bile le phello e ntle ha u sebelisa sodeodexide intramuscularly (1 ml letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa matsatsi a 20) kapa ka molomo li-capsules tsa 2 makhetlo a 2 ka letsatsi bakeng sa libeke tse 6-8.

Boemong ba proteinuria, ho feptjoa lijo tse nang le thibelo ea sodium chloride le liprotheine tsa liphoofolo ho 40 g / ka letsatsi, 'me ka khatello ea mali, tsamaiso ea li-inhibitors tsa angiotensin-e fetolang litekanyetso tsa meriana tse makhetlo a 2-2,5 ho feta tse sebelisoang ho fokotsa Microalbuminuria. Bakeng sa kalafo ea khatello ea mali ho lefu la tsoekere mellitus, lithethefatsi tsa khetho ke angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ho se sebetse hantle hoo ho buellang tšebeliso ea li-antagonists tsa calcium (diltiazem, nifedipine kapa verapamil), li-p-blockers tse khethiloeng (atenolol, lokren, jj). lithethefatsi tse sebelisang litokelo tsa mantlha (clonidine, jj.). Khatello ea mali e amohelehang - eseng e phahameng ho feta 130/85 mm Hg Ho tlosoa ha metabolism ea mafura ho hloka hore ho sebelisoe lithethefatsi tse fokotsang lipid.

Boemong ba ho hloleha ha phekolo ea methapo, bakuli ba fetisetsoa kalafong ea insulin ebe ba tsoela pele kalafo ka li-inhibitors tsa angiotensin (kapa lithethefatsi tse ling tsa antihypertensive), boteng ba hyperlipidemia, lithibelo tse fokotsang lipid, li-enterosorbents, li-hemodeis li laetsoe, bakuli ba ntse ba le lijong le lithibelo tsa protheine ea liphoofolo. Boemong ba ho fela ba lefu la tsoekere le nephropathy, ho bontšoa kalafo ea extracorporeal (peritoneal dialysis, plasmapheresis, hemosorption, hemodialysis, transplantation ea meno, mohlomong ka nako e le 'ngoe pancreatic transplantation).

Lefu la tsoekere. Ho lemoha ka nako le ho hlahloba lefu la neuropathy ho ka etsahala ka litlhahlobo tse tloaelehileng tsa mokuli, tse etsoang selemo le selemo, le kamora lilemo tse 3-4 ho tloha ho qala ha lefu lena - likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse tšeletseng. Tlhahlobo ea li-tendon reflexes (knee kapa Achilles) le boikemisetso ba maikutlo a pherekano e etsoa ho sebelisoa fereko ea tuning kapa biotensiometer e fuoeng. Hammoho le sena, tactile le mocheso, bohloko, ts'ireletso le kutloelo-bohloko tse ikemiselitseng li ikemiselitse.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, boikemisetso ba maikutlo a ho itšireletsa ka tšebeliso ea litlatsetso bo sebelisitsoe haholo. Ho hloka kutloelo-bohloko lithutong tsa monofilament 10 g ho bontša tahlehelo e felletseng ea matla a ho itšireletsa. Tlolo ea ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo e ikemetseng e bonoa ke ho phatloha ha Valsalva, ho phatloha ka phefumoloho e tebileng, jj.

Pontšo ea kalafo ea matšoao a lefu la tsoekere, e na le tšebeliso ea litokisetso tsa cholineterase (proserin, neostigmine) tse ntlafatsang tlhahiso ea methapo ea methapo, li-analgesics (aspirin, analgin, baralgin), li-anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin, dilantin, clonazepam). , capsaicin, aldose reductase inhibitors (olrestatin, olredase, tolrestat, isodibut, jj), vasodilators (bahanyetsi ba Noradrenaline, bahanyetsi ba calcium , nitrate), li-membrane-stabilizing agents (lignocaine, lidocaine le analogue megsylene ea molomo), oli ea primrose e nang le linolenic (75%) le y-linolenic acid (8-10%), li-gangliosides, jj. pathogenetic kalafo, ka ho khetheha thioctacid, e leng a-lipoic acid ka mofuta oa letsoai la trometamol. Thioctacid e laetsoe ka mokhoa oa matlapa a 600 mg kahare kapa ka mokhoa oa ente ea methapo ea 600 mg ka tharollo ea isotonic sodium chloride hang ka letsatsi bakeng sa libeke tsa 2-4. Ho boloka sephetho nakong e tlang, ho bohlokoa hore o tsoele pele ho nka thioctacide ka molomo.

Kameho e ts'oanang e ntle e fanoa ke litokisetso tsa-lipoic acid (thioctacid, espalipon, jj.). Re sebelisitse espalipon bakeng sa libeke tse 3 kahare ka tsela ea infusions (600 mg / letsatsi), ebe re ka hare (600 mg / letsatsi) bakeng sa likhoeli tse 3-6. Kameho e batlang e tšoana le ea kliniki e hlahisoa ke litokisetso tsa vithamine B e nang le lerootho (benfotiamine) le milgamma (motsoako oa livithamini B6, B | 2 le B,). Re sebelisitse lithethefatsi milgam-ma-100 bakeng sa kalafo ea bakuli ba 50 ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le lefu la kelello. Moriana o ne o laetsoe 1 letlapa makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi bakeng sa libeke tse 6. Phekolo e ne e sebetsa hantle haholo: botebo le bokhutšoanyane ba bohloko maemong a tlase bo fokotsehile, maikutlo a vibration a ntlafala, paresthesia e ile ea fokotseha 'me ea nyamela, e ileng ea thusa ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo ba bakuli.

Lefu la lefu la tsoekere. Kalafo e hlokometseng ea mofuta oa neuropathic oa leoto la tsoekere e na le kalafo ea lehae (kalafo ea maqeba ka tharollo ea antiseptic: 1% dioxidine, 0,05% chlorhexidine, lifilimi tse sirelletsang: antisorb, inadine, hydrocol, sorbalgon, sethaleng sa granulation - branolind, hydrosorb, atrauman le ho ea pele. methati ea epithelialization - biocclusive, hydrofilm, hammoho le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea lithibela-mafu (mandol kapa cefmandol, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, dalacin, kapa clindamycin). Ntho ea bohlokoa e lokelang ho ba ho theolla leoto le amehang (setulo sa likooa kapa lieta tse khethehileng).

Rona, hammoho le EI Sokolov et al., Re ithutile ka phello ea tsamaiso e le 'ngoe ea li-chimes, fetin le glutamic acid ho hemostasis ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Tšusumetso e ntle kamora thupelo ea khoeli le khoeli ea ho sebelisa meriana ena (Letlapa le leng le le leng 1 makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi) e nkile likhoeli tse peli. Ho fokotsa li-serum lipids, ho kgothaletsoa ho fana ka cholesterol inhibitors (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A-reductase): lovastatin, mevacor le li-analog tse ling, hammoho le sebui sa motlakase sa bohloeki ba pampitšana ea gastrointestinal le membrane ea mucous - "electronicizerizer " Li-antioxidants (a-tocopherol, selenium, joalo-joalo) le poly (ADP-riboso) synthase inhibitors, eo nicotinamide e leng ea eona, e bontšoa. Ba, ba tloaetse sebopeho sa lipid le ho tlosa palo e fetelletseng ea lisebelisoa tse lokolohileng tsa membrane ea lisele, ho kenyelletsa le li-membrane tsa p-cell, li ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea litho tse fapaneng le litsamaiso.

Trental (pentoxifyline) ka tekanyetso ea 1000-1200 mg / letsatsi ka molomo e na le phello e molemo ho microcirculation le thupelong ea microangiopathy, ho kenyelletsa le retinopathy. Lithethefatsi tse ling li ntlafatsa tsela ea microangiopathy: Doxium (calcium dobsylate), dicinone, ticlopidine, jj.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe, lilemong tsa morao tjena, phello e ntle tseleng ea microangiopathy (nephropathy, retinopathy) e fumanoe ho sebelisoa sulodexide, heparin e fokolang ea boima ba molek'hule ho tsoa sehlopheng sa glycosaminoglycans, piyavit. Li-inhibitors tsa angiotensin e fetolang enzyme li khothalletsoa hore li sebelisoe mehatong ea pele ea lefu la tsoekere. Litokisetso tsa sehlopha sena (capoten, elanapril, kapa ritec, ramipril, kapa tritace, perindopril, kapa prestarium) ha li felise khatello ea mali ea methapo feela, empa hape le methapo ea methapo ea kutlo, e thibelang sebopeho sa angiotensin II, e fana ka katoloso ea khatello ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo le ho fokotsa khatello ea "hydrostatic capill". Laser coagulation, e bonts'itsoeng sethaleng se eketsehang, e sebelisoa haholo ho phekola lefu la tsoekere la retinopathy.

Ho ntse ho etsoa lipatlisiso tse matla ho theha makhopho a rokellane a sa keneng. Leha ho le joalo, mathata a ho theha lisebelisoa tse joalo a amanang le ona ha a kopane feela le nts'etsopele ea mini-khomphutha, empa hape le ho thehoa ha sensor e khonang ho bona mahloriso a glucose ho mokelikeli oa intercellular ntle le ho senya nako e telele, i.e., sebakeng sa ho kenngoa ha sensor. Lisebelisoa tsa mofuta o bulehileng tse sebelisoang hona joale tse fapaneng le lisebelisoa tsa mofuta o koetsoeng - biostator. Ho biostator, ho kenella ka insulin ho etsoa ho latela boleng ba boemo ba glycemia, bo khethiloeng ka nako e ngoe le e ngoe ka 30-30 s. Lisebelisoa tsa mofuta o bulehileng (lijana tse ts'oaroang), mochini o kenang insulin o thehiloe sebakeng sa bongaka ke ngaka, 'me hamorao, kamora thupelo, mokuli ka boeena o fetola regimen ho latela nako ea lijo. Ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa mofuta o bulehileng ke bakuli lilemo tse 2-3 e bonts'itse hore ho bonolo haholo ho lefella lefu la tsoekere, haholoholo ka lebaka la mosebetsi o boima, 'me ho ka khona ho qoba liphetoho tse kholo maemong a tsoekere ea mali motšehare, e thusang ho tsitsisa, le maemong a mang esita le ho fapaneng. nts'etsopele ea microangiopathy (retiopathy, nephropathy). Sesebelisoa sa mofuta o bulehileng, ho sebelisoa feela insulin e bonolo (kapa e nkang nakoana). Ho fetola morethetho oa ho kenella ha eona, ho ka etsahala hore o eketse insulinemia hantle nakong ea ha motsoako o mongata oa glucose o tsoang ka mpeng ea mpa ka mor'a ho ja o shebiloe.

Boithuto bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho hlahisa insulin ea molomo e raliloeng ho liposomes. Leha ho le joalo, e ntse e le hole le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsena ts'ebetsong ea bongaka. Ho phatlalalitsoe molaetsa mabapi le tšebeliso e atlehileng ea insulin ka mokhoa oa li-aerosols. Naheng ea Russia le kantle ho naha, ho fetisoa ka lisele tsa pancreatic islet B ho etsoa bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 Ho bontšitsoe hore ho fumanoe liphetho tse ngata kapa tse sa khotsofatseng ha lisele tsena li ne li fetisetsoa ka har'a sebete le ho emisoa ha moetlo oa B-cell ho kenngoa mothapong (portal). Ts'ebetso e joalo e ka fokotsa haholo (ka 30%) lethal dose la li-insulin tsa kantle, leha ho le joalo, litlamorao tse ntle tsa ho fetisoa ha li-B-lisele ke tsa nakoana (likhoeli tse 3-4).

Leha ho le bonolo ho bapisa mokhoa o bonolo oa ho fetisetsa lisele tsa masele kapa li-islets (allotransplantation kapa xenotransplantation), ts'ebetso ea li-cell tse fetisitsoeng ke tsa nakoana, ka hona, ts'ebetso e phetoang e hlokahala. Ha ho na lebaka leo ho neng ho ka khoneha ho fihlella ntlafatso e joalo ho carbohydrate metabolism e neng e sa hloke liente tsa insulin ea insulin (tekanyetso ea insulin e ka fokotsoa feela). Phokotso e ngoe le e ngoe ea lisele tsa islet (liprotheine tse tsoang kantle ho naha) ke mofuta o mong oa ente e eketsang boits'ireletso ba mmele le bo-autoimmune ba mofuta oa tsoekere ea 1. Ka hona, ha u etsa qeto mabapi le phetisetso ea li-islet kapa li-p-cell, li-antigen tsa histocompatability tsa ba fanang ka nako e tlang le ba li amohelang li tlameha ho tsejoa.

Bohlokoa ke khetho ea lisele tse fanang ka liphallelo tse tšoanang hantle liseleng tse amohelang mefuta ea tsamaiso ea HLA.Ntle le moo, ho hlokahala palo e fokolang ea lisele tse fetisitsoeng (bonyane 340,000-360,000), hammoho le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa immunosuppression. Ho fetisoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng kapa o felletseng oa pancreas hangata ho etsoa ka nako e ts'oanang le phetisetso ea liphio. Ho bile le katleho e kholo sebakeng sena, empa bothata ba ho lahla litho tse fetisitsoeng e lula e le ntho e kholo. Qeto ea eona ea hoqetela e amana le katleho e tsoelang pele ea ho fetisoa ha litho le lisele. Ho khothatsang ntlheng ena ke phekolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, monyetla oa ho sebelisa o netefalitsoeng ke tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Handbook of diabetes Svetlana Valerevna Dubrovskaya

Thibelo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere

Bakeng sa ho thibela ho qaleha ha mathata a lefu la tsoekere, mokuli o lokela ho latela litaelo tsohle tsa ngaka, a latele lijo tse matla, hape a lekanye ho ikoetlisa le ho lekola boemo ba hae ba kelello. Maemong a mang, lingaka li khothaletsa hore bakuli ba bona ba fuoe mekhoa ea ho ikoetlisa khafetsa.

Physiotherapy e na le phello e molemo ho mellitus e sa rarahanang ea lefu la tsoekere, e tsamaeang le angiopathy kapa neuropathy (ka ho hloka ketoacidosis). Morero oa mekhoa e joalo o amahanngoa le tlhoko ea ho tsosa tšebetso ea manyeme, ho ntlafatsa phallo ea mali le ho eketsa molumo o akaretsang oa mmele oa mokuli.

Li-currents tsa Sinusoidal modated currents (SMT) li baka ho theoha hanyane ka hanyane maemong a tsoekere ea mali, li tiisa metabolism ea lipid le ho thibela ho theoa ha li-angiopathies tsa boima bo fapaneng. Mokhoa o felletseng oa phekolo hangata o tsoa lits'ebetsong tse 10 ho isa ho tse 15.

Motsoako oa SMT le electrophoresis hangata o laetsoa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa II, ka nako e ts'oanang le ntho e sebetsang (mannil, adebite, jj.). Maemong a mang, ngaka e ka khothaletsa electrophoresis ka nicotinic acid, e eketsang ts'ebetso ea manyeme, hape e thusa ho eketsa lumen ea methapo e meholo le e meholo ea mali.

Bakeng sa li-electrophoresis tse akaretsang, ho sebelisoa litokisetso tsa magnesium (tse bakang ho fokotseha butle-butle ha khatello ea mali le ho felisa hypercholesterolemia), potasiamo (e nang le phello ea anticonvulsant le ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa sebete), koporo (ho thibela nts'etsopele ea angiopathy le ka nako e ts'oanang maemo a tlase a tsoekere ea mali), heparin (joalo ka prophylactic khahlano le retinopathy), proserin e nang le galantamine (ho ntlafatsa tšebetso ea mesifa le tsamaiso ea methapo, ho thibela mesifa ea mesifa ea mesifa).

Lithethefatsi tsohle tse kaholimo li lokela ho laeloa ke setsebi, ho itlhahisetsa kalafo maemong a joalo ho ka lebisa nts'etsopele ea litla-morao tse matla. Ngaka e boetse e lekola hore na o tla sebelisana le motho ka mong nako e kae le hore na o fola hakae.

Ho buuoa ka matla khafetsa (HDF) ho tsosa sebete le manyeme, ho thibela mathata a lefu la tsoekere. Hangata mokhoa o felletseng oa kalafo o kenyelletsa mekhoa ea 13-15. Ntle le moo, phello ea ultrasound 'meleng e na le phello ea butle butle ea hypoglycemic mme e thibela nts'etsopele ea lipodystrophy likarolong tsa' mele tse sebelisetsoang liente.

Ultraviolet iradiation (UV) e ntlafatsa metabolism ea 'mele, e netefatsa ho monya ka botlalo ha metsoako ea khalsiamo le phosphorous, e thibela tšenyo ea masapo a masapo, e theola maemo a tsoekere ea mali hape e khothaletsa sebopeho sa' mala oa tlhaho oa letlalo o sirelletsang litho tsa kahare ho kenella lipatseng tsa pathogenic.

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) ke kalafo ea oksijene e sebelisang keketseho ea khatello ea lehae. Mofuta ona oa thibelo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere o thibela khaello ea oksijene, o thusa ho qoba tsoelo-pele ea "neuropathy" le lefu la tsoekere. Ka tloaelo, phekolo e felletseng e kenyelletsa litlhare tse 10 ho isa ho tse 15.Claustrophobia ke khahlano le methati e joalo (hobane nakong ea kalafo mokuli o lokela ho ba kamoreng ea khatello, e leng sebaka se kentsoeng).

Electros sleep e laetsoe boteng ba mafu a amanang le lefu la tsoekere - lefu la khatello ea mali le lefu la pelo. Mekhoa ea phekolo e thusa ho qoba nts'etsopele ea likotsi tse matla le ho tlosa bohloko.

Ho tsoa bukeng Clinical Nutrition for Diabetes ea Alla V. Nesterova

Phekolo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere Haeba lefu la tsoekere le thatafalloa ke ketoacidosis, mokuli o laetsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng oa insulin, mme litekanyetso li lokela ho ba motho ka mong. Pheko ea lijo e fokotsoa liketsong tse latelang: lijong, lijo tse mafura li na le moeli

TLHOKOMELISO EA LITLHAKISO TSA SESOTHO Ha re phethela khaolo ena, re tla fihlela qeto e soabisang ea hore mafu a manyeme, haeba a sa nka mehato ea tšohanyetso ea tšohanyetso, a ka baka litlamorao tse bohloko le tse bohloko. Mohlala, lefu la tsoekere ha le phekolehe

Thibelo ea lefu la tsoekere ho lefu la tsoekere ho batho ba baholo Ho tloha lisosa tse ka sehloohong tse bakang lefu la tsoekere le sa ts'epahalang la insulin ho batho ba baholo ke botena, khatello ea maikutlo, maemo a phahameng a "insulin" maling le litloholo tse fokolang.

Kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere ho bana le thibelo ea bona Kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere e har'a bana ba tsoaloang ke bo-'mè ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Monyetla o moholo le ho feta oa ho ba le lefu la tsoekere o teng ho ngoana eo batsoali ba hae ka bobeli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.

Khaolo ea 3 Phekolo ea lefu la tsoekere le mathata a lona Kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere e na le mekhoa e mengata. Bakeng sa mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa lefu la tsoekere, mokuli o lokela ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse theolelang tsoekere. Ntle le bona, ho ente liente tsa insulin, e leng tlamo bakeng sa

Phekolo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere Ho phekola mathata a lefu la tsoekere ho hlile ho na le thibelo ea ona, ke hore, puseletso ea lefu lena khafetsa. Le mathata a se a qalile, ho etsa hore maemo a tsoekere a mali a fetohe ho ka fetola mokhoa ona.

Thibelo ea lefu la tsoekere Buka ena e etselitsoe bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, empa kannete ke lakatsa ho tšepa hore e tla baloa ke ba seng ba e-na le lefu le joalo. Hobaneng? Hobane ka nako eo, mohlomong, kotsi ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu le mpe ho batho ba bangata

Thibelo ea mathata le ho itokisetsa ho tsoala ngoana Re se re buile makhetlo a mangata hore mmele oa mosali, o fetoha ho ba le ngoana, o fetoha haholo. Litšoelesa tse anyesang li ba kholo ebile li boima haholo, li hula mahetla pele, tse khutsufatsang mesifa ea sefuba le bolelele

KOTSI ea BOPHELO BA DIABETI BANA LE TLHALOSO EA BOTSOALLE Bana ba tsoetsoeng ke bo-'mè ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere. E phahameng le ho feta ke monyetla oa ho ba le lefu la tsoekere ho ngoana eo batsoali ba hae ka bobeli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Ka bana ba tsoetsoeng

LITLHAKI TSA BOTSOANG HO BOTSOANG HO BANA LE TOKISETSO EA BOPHELO BA HAO Ho hlahlojoa ka mokhoa o sa tobang kapa kalafo e sa lokang ho lebisa ho mathata a hlahang ka nako e khuts'oane kapa ho feta lilemo. Mofuta oa pele ke lefu la tsoekere la ketoacidosis (DKA), ea bobeli -

TLHOKOMELISO EA DIABETE LE METSOALLE EA METSI Ho phekoloa lefu la tsoekere ho hlahisoa ka litsela tse 'maloa. Ka mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa lefu la tsoekere (IDDM le NIDDM), mokuli o lokela ho nka meriana e theolang tsoekere. Ntle le bona, ho kenngoa liente tsa insulin, e leng tlamo

TLHOKOMELISO EA LITLHAKISO TSA BOLOI Ho loantšana le mathata a lefu la tsoekere ho hlile ho na le thibelo ea bona, ke hore, puseletso ea lefu la tsoekere khafetsa. Leha mathata a se a qalile, ho etsa hore maemo a tsoekere a mali a fetohe ho ka khutlisa mokhoa ona,

TLHOKOMELISO LE TLHOKOMELISO EA LITLHAKU TSE LING TSE FUMANENG HO SEBELISA HOMEOPATHY Litlhare tsa homeopathic bakeng sa atherosulinosis Nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis e ka fokotsoa haholo kapa ea fokotsoa ka thuso ea litlhare tse khethehileng tsa homeopathic. Ha ho amoheloa ho lokela ho ba ka tieo

TLHALOSO EA MAHALA A DIABETIC Gymnastics bakeng sa li-pancreas Gymnastics bakeng sa ho qala makhopho a ka etsoa ka nako efe kapa efe ea letsatsi. Nako - metsotso e 5. 1. Boemo ba ho qala: ho robala ka mpeng ea hae, lisokisi le lieta hammoho, maoto

PATHOGENESIS YA LITLHAKISO TSA SUGAR

Mathata a hlobaetsang a kenyelletsa komisi, a sa foleng a kenyelletsa li-microangiopathies, li-macroangiopathies (M&P le MAP), ho hanyetsoa ka insulin, neuropathy, nephropathy, immunodeficiencies. Bakeng sa NIDDM, hyperosmolar le hyperlactacidemic coma li tsebahala haholoanyane.

Li-MAP li atile haholo 'me li bontšoa ke bokuli ba pelo bo sa foleng ba pelo, kotsi ea methapo ea methapo le methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo e ka tlase. Ho pathogenesis ea MAP, kholo e potlakileng ea atherosulinosis e bohlokoa haholo, ha M&P e le hyperglycemia. Mekhoa ea ntlafatso e potlakileng ea atherosclerosis e mengata - hyperlipoproteinemia, khatello ea mali, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinism, thrombophilic syndrome.

Le pathogenesis ea mathata a hlobaetsang a lefu la tsoekere. Ketoacidotic coma. Ha lefu la tsoekere le ntse le eketseha, mekhoa eohle ea ho sebelisa acetyl-CoA e koetsoe, ntle le tse lebisang ho ketosis le cholesterol synthesis, metabolic acidosis, tahlehelo ea metsi le li-electrolyte, khatello ea mali, ho hloleha ho potoloha, ho ferekana. Compensatory metabolic acidosis e hlaha ka tahlehelo ea sodium ka har'a moroto le ho tsoa ka mokhoa o lefisang lisele tsa proton, tse eketsang acidosis. Ka lebaka la hypoxia e tebileng ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, mesebetsi ea setsi sa pneumotactic e nkeloa sebaka ke setsi sa khase, phefumoloho ea Kussmaul, hyperventilation, hypocapnia, hypobicarbonatemia e nts'etsapele, e tebisang acidosis. Ka lebaka la hypoxia, lactate e ngata e bokellana liseleng tsa boko, e lebisang keketseho ea acidosis. Acidosis ho lefu la tsoekere e le potoloho e mpe e baka keketseho ea insulin, kaha insulin tikolohong ea acidic e lahleheloa ke tumellano ea eona ea "receptor". Ntle le moo, ho hanyetsa insulin ho bakoa ke boemo bo phahameng ba FFA le tokollo ea lihormone tse loantšanang - li-insulin antagonists (adrenaline, glucocorticoids, glucagon, vasopressin). Letsoalo la lefu la tsoekere (ketonemic, acidotic) ka lebaka la phello e chefo ea 'mele oa ketone le hypoxia ea tiske liseleng tsa methapo ea methapo, ho omella, acidosis. Catabolism ea protheine e ntlafalitsoeng e lebisa hoketseho ea litaba tsa ammonia le urea, tlhahiso ea hyperazotemia, e tebisang ho taha ha boko le hypoxia. Hypoxia ea li-neurons e lebisa ho sithabetseng ha ho hema, ho putlama ha methapo ea methapo, ho fokotseha molumo oa mesifa le tlolo ea GNI.

Lactic acidosis le komello ea hyperlactacidemic. Li tloaelehile haholo (li-dystrophies tse nang le chefo, cirrhosis ea sebete), le ho nyekeloa ke pelo le mafu a mang, 'me hangata li le ka sebopeho se matla - ka decompensation ea NIDDM, e ileng ea phekoloa ka li-biguanides - li-gluconeogeneis blockers.

Meleng, boemo ba lactate bo nyoloha kaholimo ho 5 mmol / l, ha maemo a tloaelehileng a fihla ho 1.5 mmol / l, boleng ba pH ba mali a arterial ke likarolo tsa 7.25. le tse nyane. Lactic acidosis ke litholoana tsa hypoxia le mosebetsi o boima oa 'mele. Ho phefumoloha ha Kussmaul, hypotension, hypothermia, ho omella, acidosis, ho putlama ha mali, le ho se be teng ha ketonuria ke tšobotsi ea bophelo.

Hyperglycemic (hyperosmolar) coma Ketoacidotic e sa tloaelehang haholo ho bakuli ba lilemo tse fetang 50, hangata ha ba na thuso. E halefisoa ke ho fokolloa ke metsi 'meleng (ho hlatsa, lets'ollo, kalafo e nang le diuretics, thibelo ea tšebeliso ea mali). Ketoacidosis ha e eo, hyperglycemia e ka hola ha nako e ntse e ea ho lipalo tse phahameng (55 mmol / l kapa ho feta). Ho pathogenesis, lintlha tse latelang li bohlokoa:

Hyperglycemia 55-200 mmol / l (1000-3600 mg / dl).

· Hypernatremia, hyperchloremia (ka lebaka la hyperaldosteronism ha e arabela ka ho fokotseha hoa mmele),

Hyperazotemia (ka lebaka la urea) ka lebaka la thibelo ea diuresis.

Ho hloka phefumoloho ea Kussmaul, monko oa acetone.

Le pathogenesis ea mathata a sa foleng. Li-angiopathies tsa lefu la tsoekere ke mathata a mantlha a lefu la tsoekere, bokooa le lefu la bakuli (Seketso 3.1). Mohopolo oa "angiopathy" o kenyelletsa microangiopathies (tšenyo ho li-capillaries, venels, arterioles, haholo-holo likarolo tsa bona tse ka tlase) le macroangiopathies (tšenyo ea methapo e meholo ea methapo).

Nakong ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta o mong le o mong, angiopathy e kopaneng e bonoa ka boholo ba mofuta oa IDDM oa microangiopathy ho batho ba banyenyane, bathong ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 40 le mofuta oa IDDM oa macroangiopathy ka nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea atherossteosis. E tloaelehileng ho M&P ea li-localizations tsohle ke li-capillary aneurysms, botenya ba marako a li-arterioles, li-capillaries, li-venels ka lebaka la ho bokellana ha lintho tse sa bonahaleng kapa tse arotsoeng kahara membrane e ka tlase, endothelial proliferation in the vascular lumen (ho fihlela ho felisoa ka botlalo), le ts'ebetso ea sele ea methapo ho lithane tse ikhethileng. Ka hona, mohlala, IDDM ke sesosa se ka sehloohong sa bofofu mme e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse etellang pele tsa ho se sebetse hantle ke ho ruruha ha renal.

Pathogenesis ea microangiopathies. Ho pathogenesis ea angiopathies, pele ho tsohle, li-glycosylation tse se nang enzymatic tsa liprotheine tse fapaneng tsa extracellular (liprotheine tsa karolo e ka tlase ea lisebelisoa tsa glomerular tsa liphio, lens ea leihlo, vitreous fluid ea leihlo, joalo-joalo) ke tsa bohlokoa. Taba ea bobeli, phetoho ea enzymatic ea glucose ho sorbitol ebe ea fructose ka hare ho lisele tse itseng. Lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela tsa glycation e tebileng e ke keng ea fetoloa li na le litlamorao ho lithane tse sebetsanang.

Lisosa tsa mathata a mofuta oa 1 le lefu la tsoekere la 2

Ho sa tsotelehe boemo bo ntseng bo mpefala ba motho ea nang le lefu la tsoekere, ho na le lebaka la hona. Ka lilemo tse mashome, lingaka li ntse li bua ka lintho tse bakang mathata, empa ho fihlela kajeno ha li e-so khone ho tseba ka botlalo mofuta ona oa liketsahalo tsena. Ka nako e ts'oanang, maemo a 'maloa a tsejoa a khahlisang ponahalo ea liphetoho tse sa rateheng tsa' mele. Tse tloaelehileng haholo li thathamisitsoe ka tlase:

  • khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng, e baka mathata a metabolic,
  • tsoekere e feteletseng le / kapa sodium,
  • tsoekere e ngata ea mali,
  • ho bokella ha lactic acid 'meleng.

Mefuta ea Liphephetso

Lefu la tsoekere, e le lefu le arohaneng la endocrine, ha le behe bophelo ba motho kotsing. Boloetse bona bo kotsi hobane bo baka mathata a mangata a tebileng ao ho seng mohla a ka bonoang. Ka lebaka la lipatlisiso tsa mahlale a phahameng, lefapha la bongaka le fumane tlhaiso-leseling e ngata mabapi le khetho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka etsoang ho mpefatsa boemo.

Mathata a amanang le lefu la tsoekere a mangata a beha bophelo kotsing. Tsena li kenyelletsa lits'ebetso tse ntlafatsang kapele le ho baka tsitsipano boemong ba mokuli, esita le bo bohlokoa haholo. Maemong a matle, ho ba le nako ea ho eketseha ho nka matsatsi a mangata. Mathata a bang teng ka nako ea lihora tse ngata a atile haholo. Ka bobeli, bona hammoho le ba bang, ha ho se na tlhokomelo ea bongaka ea tšohanyetso e tla re bolaea. Tafole e ka tlase e na le tlhaiso-leseling e akaretsang mabapi le mathata a lefu la tsoekere a ka bang teng.

Keketseho e tšabehang ea khoholeho ea lihlahisoa tsa metabolic maling. Kotsi e ikhethang ke 'mele oa ketone. Lintho tse joalo li bonoa kamora boitšoaro ba ts'ebetso ea ho buoa, motho ea lemalang haholo le khaello e fosahetseng ea phepo.

Ho lahleheloa ke kelello, tšohanyetso ea litho tsa bohlokoa tsa setho.

Batho ba fumanoeng ba tšoeroe ke lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. Ketoacidosis ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere ha e fumanehe haholo.

Ho fokotsa tsoekere haholo.Sena se ka lebisa ho tšebeliso e ngata ea lithethefatsi tse nang le tšebeliso ea matla a lithethefatsi, ho itlopa joala bo bongata, ho ikoetlisa ka matla.

Phetoho e matla sekhahla sa tsoekere, ho felloa ke kelello, ho se tsebe ho arabela ha leihlo la bana ho bonesa, mofufutso o eketsehileng, ho tsitsipana. Mofuta o feteletseng oa bothata bona ke komello ea insulin. Monyetla oa ho hlahisa bothata bona o amana ka kotloloho le sesosa sa lefutso.

Keketseho ea khatello ea tsoekere le sodium maling. Maemong ohle, taba ena e hlaha khahlano le semelo sa ho omella hoa mmele ka nako e telele.

Lenyora le sa feleng (polydipsia), ho ruruha ho eketsehileng (polyuria).

Ho eketseha ha litekanyetso tsa lactic acid. E bonoa ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho ba le liphokojoe, pelo le sebete.

Pherekano, ho theoha ka sekhahla ha khatello ea mali, ho hloleha ho phefumoloha, ho ba sieo ka botlalo ho urination.

Batho ba baholo ba nang le ts'oaetso ea lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa 1/2.

Tse sa feleng (morao)

Mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere a tšoauoa ka nts'etsopele ea butle butle ka likhoeli tse 'maloa kapa esita le lilemo. Ha li tšose exacerbations, empa ka nako e ts'oanang li ntse li mpefatsa boemo bo botle ba bophelo ka kakaretso. Leha e le ka mokhoa o reriloeng o phekoloang ka lithethefatsi, tšireletso e tšepahalang khahlanong le mathata a lefu la tsoekere la mofuta ona ha e netefatsoe kamehla. O tla ithuta ho eketsehileng ka e mong le e mong oa bona ka ho bala tafole e ka tlase.

Ho lutla ha liprotheine le mali ka lehare ka lebaka la taolo e mpe ea khatello ea mali le khatello ea mali.

Ho theoha ha pono ea mahlo ho fihlela qalong ea bofofu. Sebopeho sa li-microaneurysms. Nts'etsopele ea likatse le / kapa glaucoma.

Batho ba nang le ts'oaetso ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1/2, le thehiloe lilemo tse fetang 10 tse fetileng.

Tšenyo ea likepe tse nyane e lebisa ho lutla ha liprotheine ka har'a moroto.

Ts'ebetso ea mokokotlo e sa sebetseng. Ha lilemo li ntse li feta, ho ba le ho se atlehe ho sa feleng. Liphio li felloa ke matla a ho hloekisa le ho sefa mali, ka hona, lintho tse chefo li qala ho bokellana.

Batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba fumanehetse lilemo tse fetang 10 tse fetileng.

Mathata a metabolism a amanang le lefu la tsoekere. Batho ba tsofetseng ba nahanne hore lintho tsena li tla raroloha.

Ho sitisoa ha tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, e bakiloeng ke ho senyeha ha methapo ea mali ea bokong. Encephalopathy e baka hlooho e bohloko ea hlooho, khatello ea maikutlo, migraines, mathata a kelello.

Batho ba fumanoeng ba tšoeroe ke lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.

Ho hloloa hoa liphello tsa methapo ea kutlo e bakoang ke ho haella ha satellite ka oksijene le likarolo tse ling tse hlokahalang.

Ho fokotseha butle-butle ha methapo ea kutlo ea litho ho mocheso le bohloko. Maemong a mangata, khatello ena e hlaha molemong oa "liatlana le ho boloka" - ka nako e ts'oanang e qala menoaneng le menoaneng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, maikutlo a tukang le ho tsitsipana hoa maoto le matsoho li a hlokomeleha. Polyneuropathy hangata e lebisa likotsi tse eketsehileng.

Batho ba fumanoeng ba tšoeroe ke lefu la tsoekere mellitus karolo ea bobeli / ea boraro ho feta lilemo tse 50.

Letlalo, joalo ka setho se seholo ka ho fetisisa, le haelloa ke phepo e nepahetseng ka lebaka la ho sitisoa ha metabolism. Ntho e ka sehloohong e kenyang kholisong ea mafu a letlalo ke metabolism e sa lokang ea lik'habohaedreite.

Matšoafo, liso tsa trophic, matšoao a letlalo (ka ho hlahella ha matheba a joalo hloohong, tahlehelo ea moriri e qala). Boloetse bona bo senya metsoako e ka hare ea letlalo, bo etsa hore bokaholimo bo be bobebe ebe bo omelle.

Phetoho ea sebopeho sa mali, e lebisang ho tlolong ea hemostasis le tšenyo marakong a methapo e menyenyane ea mali.

Microangiopathy ho lefu la tsoekere e hlaha ho 90% ea linyeoe. Maemong ana, bakuli ba na le ho ruruha ho tebileng ha maemo a felletseng (hangata e le a nakoana).Maemong a tebileng, ka lebaka la khatello ena, maoto le matsoho a lahleheloa ke tšebetso ea tsona, e leng se hlokang hore a khaoloe ka potlako.

Batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba fumanehetse lilemo tse fetang 10 tse fetileng.

Lefu lena le hlaha ka lebaka la nts'etsopele ea liso tsa trophic letlalong la maoto.

Ho ruruha, bokhubelu, chilliness, ho tsikitlanya, makhopho. Maqeba a sefahleho a hlaha letlalong la maoto (joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong). Ha li utloise bohloko, hobane boholo ba liphello tsa methapo sebakeng sena li se li shoele. Ka lebaka la mathata ana, leoto le ka ruruha hampe hoo ho hlokahalang hore sepetlele se potlakileng setsing sa bongaka se haufi.

Tsohle tsa batho ba baholo ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.

Mathata le litlamorao tsa lefu la tsoekere ho bana le bacha ke eng?

Liphetoho ho bana li bonahatsoa hanyane, haeba feela ka lebaka la "boiphihlelo" bo nyane. Ho shoa ha batho ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 18 ho haufi le zero. Leha ho le joalo, haeba ngoana a fumanoa a e-na le lefu la tsoekere, sena se bolela hore ts'ebetso ea ho buseletsa e se e qalile. Lingaka li hlokomela mathata a mangata a tšoeroeng ke lefu la tsoekere bongoaneng / bohlankaneng:

  • microalbuminuria,
  • lefu la tsoekere,
  • angiopathy (maemong a sa tloaelehang),
  • retinopathy.

Mathata a lefu la tsoekere a sa le monyane a kotsi ka lebaka la ho boloka sephiri. Matšoao a bonoang ho ngoana hangata a bakoa ke mafu a mang, a tšoaetsanoang le a tloaelehileng. Ho fana ka phihlello ea nako ea tlhokomelo ea bongaka e tšoanelehang, hoa khoneha ho fumana matšeliso a felletseng bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere ka nako e khuts'oane le ho netefatsa ho felisoa ka botlalo hoa mabaka a ho tšoenyeha.

Tlhokomelo ea maoto

Ho lefu la tsoekere, o hloka ho hlokomela maoto a hau ka hloko. Ho potoloha hampe ka leoto ho ka lebisa ho mathata a maholo. Haeba ho na le phallo ea potoloho, ho tsitsipana le bohloko maotong ho hlaha ha o tsamaea, kapa ha o phomola, kapa nakong ea boroko, maoto a bata, a maputsoa, ​​a leputsoa kapa a ruruhile, a le maoto ka maoto a sa fole hantle.

Ho hlokomela maoto a hau, u tlameha :

  • hlatsoa maoto letsatsi le letsatsi u sebelisa metsi a futhumetseng (a sa chehe) le sesepa se bonolo,
  • Hlakola maoto a hau hantle, haholoholo pakeng tsa menoana,
  • Lekola mapetso, letlalo le omeletseng kapa ho khaola maotong,
  • sebelisa tranelate ea emollient ho boloka letlalo le le boreleli
  • khoele menoana ea hau ho mola o otlolohileng,
  • Apara lieta tse mabothobotho. Etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na lehlabathe kapa lipekere tsa lieta,
  • Apara li-socks tse hloekileng letsatsi le letsatsi.

  • maoto a fofang
  • Kenya tranelate ho fokotsa kapa pakeng tsa menoana,
  • sebelisa lintho tse bohale ho kuta letlalo maotong,
  • sebelisa litlhare tsa lapeng ho tlosa poone,
  • ho tsamaea u sa roala lieta
  • sebelisa li-compress kapa lipilisi tse futhumatsang.

Haeba li-abrasions, likotsi, maqeba maotong li fumanoa, o lokela ho etela ngaka hang-hang!

Tlhokomelo ea mahlo

Tlhokomelo ea mahlo ke karolo ea bohlokoahali ea tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea bongaka. Batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba kotsing e kholo ea ho lemala ha mahlo ho feta batho ba tloaelehileng. Etsa bonnete ba hore u lula u sheba mahlo a hao ka ngaka ea mahlo. Ho lefu la tsoekere, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe mahlo selemo se seng le se seng, haholo-holo hang ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng. Ho thibela mathata a lefu la tsoekere ho ipapisitse le ho itlhokomela. Haeba u batla ho phela hantle, etsa bonnete ba hore u latela litlhahiso tsohle tsa bongaka.

Ho thibela mathata a tsoekere, ho lokela ho eketsoa melao e meng:

  • Tsoela pele kalafo ea insulin ka tekanyetso e tšoanang, le ka mohla u se ke oa fetoa ke ente ea insulin. Tlhokahalo ea insulin nakong ea bokuli ha e phehelle feela, empa e boetse ea eketseha. Maemong ana, tekanyetso ea insulin ha ea lokela ho fokotsoa, ​​le haeba tlhoko ea lijo e fokotsehile, kaha boemo bo sithabetsang (bokuli) bo lebisa ho eketseha ha tsoekere ea mali.
  • Haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, tsoela pele u sebelisa lipilisi tsa lefu la tsoekere.
  • Lekala glucose ea hau ea mali le li-uronal tsa urine. Hyperglycemia (ho feta 13 mmol / l) e hloka keketseho ea tekanyetso ea insulin,
  • Ikopanye le ngaka ea hau ea endocrinologist hang ha lefu lena le nka nako e telele ho feta letsatsi (ho hlatsa, bohloko ba ka mpeng, ho hema ka potlako).
  1. Latela lijo.
  2. Lekala glucose ea hau ea mali khafetsa le.
  3. Haeba hyperglycemia e feta 13 mmol / l, etsa bonnete ba ho etsa tlhahlobo ea moroto bakeng sa boteng ba 'mele oa ketone.
  4. Lekola cholesterol ea mali le triglycerides (bonyane nako e le 'ngoe ka likhoeli tse 6).
  5. Lahla mekhoa e mebe (ho tsuba, joala).
  6. Hlokomela maoto a hao, letlalo, mahlo.

Lefu la tsoekere. 500 likarabo tsa lipotso tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa Pavel Aleksandrovich Fadeev

Khaolo ea 9 Liphetoho tsa morao-rao tsa lefu la tsoekere

198 Mathata a lefu la tsoekere a morao-rao?

Mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere ke lefu le hlahang ka lebaka la ketso ea nako e telele ea tsoekere e phahameng maling le lithong tsa 'mele.

199 Ke lefu lefe la kelello le amanang le mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere?

Ho mathata a morao lefu la tsoekere le kenyeletsa phetoho ea methapo ea methapo ka likepeng (angiopathy ) le tsamaiso ea methapo (neuropathy ).

Lefu la tsoekere le ama hanyane (microangiopathies e kholomacroangiopathies ) likepe.

Ho microangiopathies kenyeletsa tšenyo ea lijana tse nyane tsa leihlo (retinopathy ) le liphio (nephropathy ).

Ho macroangiopathy kenyeletsa: lefu la pelo (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction ) mme e bakiloe ke sena ho nyekeloa ke pelo.

200 Ke kotsi efe ea tsoekere e phahameng maling bakeng sa mahlo?

Ho ba le tsoekere e phahameng ea mali khafetsa ho khopisa ho hlaha hoa mafu a fapaneng a mahlo, ho lebisang ho senyeha hoa pono, ho fihlela tahlehong ea eona. Ho tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa (maemong a 90%), motsoako o tloaelehileng le o kotsi ke lefu la tsoekere retinopathy .

201 Na ke hloka ho lekola mahlo a ka khafetsa haeba ho se na matšoao a lefu la mahlo?

Ee, hoa hlokahala. Phetoho ea pono e kanna ea se lemohe qalong, empa tlhahlobo ea bongaka e etsoang ka thuso ea lisebelisoa tse ikhethang e tla thusa ho ngolisa ho qala ha lefu lena, ka hona ho tla khonahala ho nka mehato e hlokahalang ka nako.

202 retinopathy ea lefu la tsoekere ke eng?

Lefu la tsoekere retinopathy Ke bokuli bo amang lijana tsa "retina" ea leihlo la mahlo.

203 Hobaneng lefu la tsoekere le holofala le hlaha?

Mabaka a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa a hore na ketsahalo le sekhahla sa nts'etsopele ea "retinopathy" ke mofuta oa tsoekere ea mali le nako ea lefu la tsoekere. Lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa lilemo, ho ba teng le boemo ba khatello ea mali, ho senyeha ha methapo ea lipid, ho tsuba, lefu la liphio le boimana.

204 Matšoao a lefu la tsoekere ke lefu la tsoekere?

Lefu la tsoekere retinopathy ho bonahatsoa ke ho fokotseha hoa pono ea mahlo ka leihlo le le leng kapa a mabeli, ponahalo ea lintsintsi, matheba, marang-rang, pono habeli, jj. matšoao ka potlako u lokela ho bona ngaka!

205 Mokuli oa lefu la tsoekere o lokela ho etsa eng ho thibela kholo ea lefu la pono?

Hoa hlokahala ho etsa liteko tsa mahlo khafetsa le setsebi, leha ho se na matšoao a ho senyeha ha mahlo. Lithuto tse joalo tsa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 li lokela ho etsoa lilemo tse 5 kamora ho fumanoa, le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 hang hoba le fumanoe (ke hobane motho e mong le e mong oa boraro o na le lefu la mahlo le mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la 2). Ho latela boemo bo fumanoeng ba kliniki, khafetsa ea litlhahlobo tse ling e tla khethoa ke ngaka, empa bonyane e lokela ho ba bonyane nako e le 'ngoe ka lilemo tse 1-2.

Boithuto bo bontšitse hore thibelo e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ea ho senyeha ha pono ke taolo e ntle ea tsoekere ea mali.

Tlhokomelo e tlameha ho nkuoa haeba u tlameha ho sebelisa meriana e ka holisang maemo glycemia le khatello ea methapo.

Phekolo e hlokolosi ea methapo e kopaneng ea methapo ea methapo (hypertension, impaired lipid metabolism) e boetse e thusa ho fokotsa kotsi ea nts'etsopele. retinopathies .

206 Joang ho qoba ho kenella hape ka lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere?

E le hore e se ke ea baka mokokotlo oa retina ha retinopathies , U lokela ho qoba ho ikitlaetsa ka matla 'meleng, torso (se ke oa inama, empa squat!).

207 Ho senyeha hoa pono ho phekoloa joang ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere?

Phekolo e tobileng ea ho senyeha ha pono ke qetello ea litsebi mme ho latela boemo bo ikhethang ba kliniki. Leha ho le joalo, ho tlameha ho hlakisoa hore che, esita le ea sejoale-joale, kalafo e tla sebetsa hantle ntle le ho ama maemo a kotsi - ntle le khalemelo ea tsoekere ea mali, kalafo ea methapo ea methapo (khatello ea methapo, kalafo ea maemo lipids madi). Phekolo ea nako ea lefu la tsoekere e fokotsa kotsi ea bofofu ka 90%!

208 Kotsi ea tsoekere e phahameng ea mali ho liphio?

Ho phahamisitsoe tsoekere ea mali ho kotsi bakeng sa liphio tse nang le lefu la tsoekere nephropathy . Hona ke tšenyo e khethehileng lijaneng tsa liphio, tse kopantseng nako ea lefu la tsoekere. Sephetho sa bothata bona ke kholo ea ho hloleha ha renal ho sa feleng.

Bakeng sa lilemo tse 20, mokuli e mong le e mong oa bobeli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere mellitus (mofuta oa 1 kapa mofuta oa 2) o senya ts'enyo ea liphio ka likhato tse fapaneng.

209 Nephropathy ea lefu la tsoekere ke eng?

Lefu la tsoekere nephropathy Ke lefu la liphio le bakoang ke lefu la tsoekere.

210 Ke eng e bakang tšenyo ea liphio ho lefu la tsoekere?

Tšenyo ea liphio ho lefu la tsoekere e bakoa ke mabaka a latelang:

Tsoekere e phahameng ea mali. Hobe le ho feta tsoekere ea mali , e na le monyetla o moholo oa ho ba le lefu la tsoekere.

Nako ea lefu la tsoekere. Ha lefu lena le nka nako e telele, le menyetla ea ho ba le ho senyeha ha liphio e ea eketseha.

Tlolo ea metabolism ea lipid metabolism (hyperlipidemia) e lebisa ho ho beoa hoa litopo tsa atherosselotic, ho kenyeletsoa le likepeng tsa renal, le tsona li tlolang bokhoni ba tsona ba ho fera.

Ho tsuba. Lintho tse chefo mosi oa koae o senya methapo ea mali ea liphio le ho eketsa tsoekere ea mali.

Phello ea lefutso. Ho na le mofuta oa tlhaho ea ho holisa lefu la tsoekere.

211 Psychology ea menoana e hlaha joang ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere?

Metsong e ikhethang ea masapo a liphio, mali a tlhapisoa ho boloka lintho tse nang le thuso le ho hloekisa 'mele oa chefo e pepesitsoeng kahara moroto. Tsoekere e telele e phahameng ea nako e telele e lebisa phetohong ea boteng ba vascular, mme lintho tse molemo li qala ho tlosoa 'meleng. Protheine ea Albumin e qala ho tloha pele, pele ka bongata bo bonyenyane, ka hona ketsahalo ena e bitsoa microalbuminuria (tahlehelo squirrel ho tloha 30 ho isa ho 300 mg / ka letsatsi. Ena ke sethala sa pele, sa asymptomatic. nephropathy , eo, ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, e fetela ka sebopeho se boletsoeng ka kliniki, se seng se bontšoa ke tahlehelo e kholo squirrel . Bohato bona bo bitsoa macroalbuminuria , kapa proteinuria . Ho latela chelete e abetsoeng squirrel khetholla mekhahlelo e mengata proteinuria : tekano proteinuria ha o itokolla ho fihlela ho 1 g squirrel ka letsatsi, tekanyo e bohareng e tsoa ho 1 ho isa ho 3 g squirrel ka letsatsi le boima - ba fetang 3 g squirrel ka letsatsi.

Karolo e latelang ea lefu la tsoekere lephropathy ea tla - ho hloleha ha renal e sa foleng, e khetholloang ka ho felisoa ha lintho tse molemo 'meleng le ho lieha ha tse kotsi.

212 Ho hloleha ho phekola a lereo ke eng?

Ho hloleha ho ba le fig ka nako e telele ke ho senya liphio kapa ho fokotseha hoa tšebetso ea tsona bakeng sa likhoeli tse 3 kapa ho feta.Ho sitoa ho ba le leqhubu butle-butle ho tsoela pele butle, 'me ho ea pele, hangata ho patiloeng. Ha ho na litletlebo, kapa mokhathala o etsahala nakong ea ho ikoetlisa 'meleng, bofokoli bo hlahang mantsiboea, ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo le molomo o omileng. Matšoao a hlakileng a kliniki a hlaha feela sethaleng sa ho qetela. Amonia ho tsoa molomong, hlooho e bohloko. Letlalo le fetoha le boreleli, le omeletseng, le ho sesa. Mathata a litho tsohle tsa - ho senyeha hoa pelo, tsamaiso ea methapo, tsamaiso ea ho hema, mokhoa oa mala, le tse ling. Boemo bona bo bitsoa uremia (moroto maling).

213 Matšoao a lefu la lefu la tsoekere ke eng?

Nephropathy ea lefu la tsoekere e qala ka ho totobatsa squirrel moroto (nakong ena, thupelo ke asymptomatic). Mokhahlelo oa ho qetela oa ts'ebetso ena ke nts'etsopele ho se sebetse hantle hantle ha renal (Lintho tse chefo ha li qhaloe ka har'a moroto le ho chefo 'meleng). Ho na le mekhahlelo e meraro ea ho hloleha ho phekola ha renal. Ea pele ke e patiloe , kapa latent . Hona joale ha ho na matšoao. Ea bobeli sethala sa ho ikatisa e tšoauoa ka ho tepella nakong ea mosebetsi oa 'mele, bofokoli bo hlahang mantsiboea, ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho lahleheloa ke boima ba' mele, molomo o omileng. Matšoao a hlakileng a kliniki a hlaha feela ho la ho qetela, sethaleng . Amonia ho tsoa molomong, hlooho e bohloko. Letlalo le fetoha le boreleli, le omeletseng, le ho sesa. Ho na le ho senyeha hoa tšebetso ea litho tsohle: ho senyeha ha pelo, tsamaiso ea methapo, tsamaiso ea ho hema, ho ts'oaroa ka mpa, joalo-joalo.

214 Mokhoa oa ho thibela nts'etsopele ea methapo ea methapo ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere?

Pele ho thibelo ea mathata a a liphio ho qala, e sebetsa ka matla. E na le likarolo tse latelang:

Litlamorao ho tsoekere ea mali. Sena se ahloloa ke boemo glycosylated hemoglobin , e loanela ho e etsa hore e se ke ea hlola e eba 6.5-7%. Phekolo e ntle glycemia Boithuto bo bonts'a hore ho ka fokotsa haholo ketsahalo eo tse nyane le macroalbuminuria (proteinuria ), hammoho le ts'oaetso ea mathata a macrovascular ho mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere. Ha ho fanoa ka bothata ba ho fihlela litekanyetso tsena, ho lokela ho hlakisoa hore phokotso efe kapa efe e phahameng ea glycosylated hemoglobin e tla una molemo. Bonyane ho fokotseha ha 1% ka sekhahla Hba1c e lebisa phokotsong e kholo ea menyetla ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere.

Taolo microalbuminuria e lokela ho qala ho tloha motsotsong oa ho fumana lefu la tsoekere mme e etsoe hangata ho bakuli bohle. Sena se tlameha ho etsoa selemo le selemo le bakeng sa bao, ka nako ea thuto, ba khethollang litaba tse tloaelehileng tsa albin ka har'a moroto. Haeba ho fumanoa microalbuminuria kapa proteinuria Khafetsa litlhahlobo li laoloa ke ngaka.

Tlhahlobo e haufi ea khatello ea mali le kalafo ea khatello ea mali. Hoa hlokahala ho loanela ho etsa bonnete ba hore khatello ea mali ha e fetang 130/80 mm RT. Art. Khalemelo e etsoa ke lithethefatsi tsa sehlopha. Li-inhibitors tsa ACE kapa sartan .

Le ha khatello ea mali e le ntho e tloaelehileng (i.e. seng ho feta 130/80 mmHg), ho beoa ha lithethefatsi tseo e leng tsa sehlopha Li-inhibitors tsa ACE kapa sartan Hoa hlokahala, empa ka tekanyetso e nyane, ho sireletsa liphio liphellong tse mpe tsa tsoekere e phahameng ea mali. Boithuto bo bontšitse hore ho fokotseha ha khatello e phahameng ea mali ea 10 mm RT. Art., Le RT e tlase ea 5mm. Art. e fokotsa likotsi tsa mathata a microvascular ka 35%. Ha u alafshoa ka litlhare tsena, monyetla oa nephropathy e fokotsehile ka 65%.

Lijo tse nang le phepo e phethahetseng le li-calories tse lekaneng lik'habohaedreite, liprotheine, mafura, fiber ea lijo livithamini le liminerale. Molemong oa ho fumaneha proteinuria thibelo e khothalletsoa squirrel lijong, ho fihla ho 0,8 g / kg ya boima ba 'mele ka letsatsi. Mohlala, haeba boima ba mokuli bo fihla ho 100 kg, ebe o ja le lijo squirrel ha ea lokela ho ba ho feta 80 g, ka letsatsi.

215 Psychology ea liphio e tšoaroa joang ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere?

Phekolo lefu la tsoekere ho latela sethala sa ts'ebetso ea bongaka. Empa maemong ohle ho hlokahala ho etsa lintho tse latelang:

Puseletso ea tsoekere ea mali, e shebaneng le boemo ba glycosylated hemoglobin le ho loanela ho e etsa hore e se ka holimo ho 6.5-7%,

Ho theola khatello ea mali ho 130/80 mm RT. Art. le tlase, le ha proteinuria ka tlase ho 125/75 mm RT. Art.,

Kopo Li-inhibitors tsa ACE kapa sartan litekanyetso tse nyane tse nang le khatello e tloaelehileng ea mali kapa litekanyetso tsa kalafo, haeba khatello ea mali e ka hlaha.

Khalemelo ea metabolism

Lijo tse thibetsoeng squirrel le letsoai

Fokotseha ho ts'ebeliso ea lino tse tahang kapa ho hana joala.

Boemong ba bokhachane bo sa foleng ba 'mele bo sa sebetseng hantle, ho kenyeletsa, hoa hlokahala:

Ka keketseho moeinine e Ho hlokomela mekhoa e mengata ea ho itlhokomela nakong ea ho etsa kalafo ea lithethefatsi. Haholo-holo, litekanyetso tsa metformin li lokela ho fokotsoa. Haeba ho khonahala, qoba kabelo. lithethefatsi tse seng khahlanong le ho tsoa mali (ba eketsa khatello ea mali 'me li mpefala le ho feta ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle ha masapo) le tšebeliso ea glibenclamide - e ka baka tšenyo ea ho ba matla haholo hypoglycemia ho thata ho e phekola

Phekolo ea insulin e nepahetseng,

Lekola boemo khafetsa hemoglobin mading - likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse 6.

Mokhahlelong oa ho kula oa renal o sa sebetseng, ho sebelisoa mekhoa e khethehileng ea tlhoekiso ea mali (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis) kapa ho fetisoa ha meno.

216 Lefu la tsoekere la lefu la tsoekere ke eng?

Syndrome lefu la tsoekere ke mohopolo o kopaneng o bonts'a motsoako oa mafu a maoto ho lefu la tsoekere. Maloetse ana ohle a amahanngoa le tšenyo letlalong, linama tse bonolo, masapo le manonyeletso.

217 Likhetho ke li fe bakeng sa lithuto tsa lefu la tsoekere?

Ho latela hore na ke litlolo life tse atileng, ho na le likhetho tse 'maloa bakeng sa sena lefu la kelello :

Tšenyo ea methapo (foromo ea neuropathic), e ka tsamaeang le methapo ea methapo ea methapo kapa ntle le tšenyo ea masapo,

Tšenyo ea methapo (angiopathic, kapa ischemic, foromo), ka lebaka leo phallo ea mali le lethekeng le fokotseha,

Foromo e kopaneng ea neuroischemic.

218 Matšoao a lefu la lefu la tsoekere ke a feng?

Syndrome lefu la tsoekere le iponahatsa e le liso tsa trophic, liphetoho tse kopantsoeng le letlalo le lits'ebetso tsa purulent-necrotic. Sena se bakoa ke mathata a methapo a hlahang ka lebaka la lefu la tsoekere le ho fokotseha ha phallo ea mali ka methapong ea methapo e tlase e tlase ea matla a fapaneng. Ho 85% ea linyeoe, complication e tsoela pele e le sesoana sa peptic.

219 Matšoao a lefu la tsoekere le atile hakae?

Ena lefu la kelello e hlaha ho mokuli e mong le e mong ea 8-10 ea nang le lefu la tsoekere, mme motsotsoana o mong le o mong o kotsing. Ka lefu la tsoekere la 2, sena lefu la kelello e hlaha khafetsa makhetlo a 10 ho fapana le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, mme e ka hlaha ho tloha qalong ea lefu lena ('me ka linako tse ling e le lets'oao la pele la lefu la tsoekere, le hohelang tlhokomelo). Ka lefu la tsoekere la 1, sena lefu la kelello e hlaha ka selemo sa bosupa sa lefu lena.

220 Ke eng e kenyang letsoho kholong ea lefu la tsoekere?

Bakeng sa sebopeho sa neuropathic sa leoto la tsoekere, lintlha tse ka bang kotsi ke tse latelang:

Ha hoa lekana puseletso maemo a tsoekere ea mali.Ha lipalo li ntse li laoloa le ho feta, ke moo ho leng thata ho feta mona lefu la kelello 'me o tla tla kapele,

Nako ea lefu la tsoekere. Ha lefu lena le nka nako e telele, le menyetla ea ho ba le mathata ana ke ena,

Mongoaha. Ha motho a ntse a tsofala, menyetla ea bokuli e ea eketseha.

Tšebeliso e ngata ea joala, e nang le phello e chefo liseleng tsa methapo.

Lintho tse peli tsa pele li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho hlaha hoa lefu la kelello lefu la tsoekere eseng feela ka mofuta oa neuropathic, empa hape le angiopathic.

Ntle le moo, ho ba teng ha maloetse a kang khatello ea mali le tekanyo ea eona ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho hlaheng ha foromo ea angiopathic puseletso tlhekefetso ea lipid metabolism (dyslipidemia), ho teba ha liso tsa methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea mokokotlo le ho tsuba hampe.

221 Hobaneng lefu la lefu la tsoekere le hlaha?

Syndrome lefu la tsoekere le hlaha ka lebaka la:

1) liso tsa tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo (neuropathy),

2) maqeba a methapo ea methapo ea methapo e tlase (angiopathy) ka ho fokotseha hoa phallo ea mali,

3) ho ikopanya le semelo sa ts'ebetso ea ts'oaetso ea ts'oaetso.

222 Matšoao a lefu la lefu la tsoekere ke a feng?

Ho latela mofuta oa tšenyo ea methapo (neuropathy) kapa methapo ea mali (angiopathy) nts'etsopele ea khatello ena, setšoantšo sa kliniki se na le litšobotsi tsa sona. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea lipontšo tsa kliniki tsa neuropathy:

Sebopeho se se nang bohloko - se tsamaeang le ho fokotseha ha maikutlo a bohloko (se tloaelehile ebile se kotsi le ho feta, kaha maqeba le likotsi li ka se hlokomele),

Sebopeho sa bohloko - o iponahatsa a na le matšoao a fapakaneng: ho opa, ho chesa, ho utloa bohloko le ho feta phomolong.

Letlalo le nang le sebopeho sa neuropathic le omme, libakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le li-ulcers tse se nang bohloko.

Foromo ea angiopathic e tšoauoa ka 'mala o pherese oa letlalo la leoto kapa o nang le cyanotic hue. Litaba tse bohloko ka tšohanyetso li theha malebela a menoana kapa pheletsong ea lieta. Nakong ea ho tsamaea, bohloko bo maotong bo lemohuoa, mabapi le moo tšobotsi ea sebapali, e bitsoang intermittent claudication, e ntlafalitsoeng.

Haeba ho na le lesion ea mokokotlo oa "osteoarticular"

223 Ke eng e amang sekhahla sa kholo ea lefu la tsoekere le tsoekere?

Sekhahla sa nts'etsopele ea mohato oa pele lefu la kelello lefu la tsoekere le itšetlehile ka degree puseletso maemo a tsoekere ea mali. E molemo e busellelitsoeng glycemia , ho na le monyetla o fokolang oa ntlafatso ea phatlalatso ea bongaka lefu la kelello lefu la tsoekere.

224 U ka thibela nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere le tsoekere?

Karolo e ka sehloohong ea thibelo lefu la kelello maoto a lefu la tsoekere a bapala ho shebella le ho lokisa tsoekere ea mali le mafu a mang a metabolic (k.k.j. lipids madi). Liphuputso tse ngata li bontšitse ka kholiseho hore haeba tsoekere ea mali ka lilemo tse 'maloa ha e fete 9 mmol / l, le haeba angiopathy le (kapa) neuropathy li etsahala, boemo bo ntlafala haholo - matšoao a kliniki a fokotseha kapa a fela, ho fola ha leqeba hoa ntlafala. Ntho ea bohlokoa e thibelang nts'etsopele ea lehe la tsoekere ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la 2 ke phetoho kenyelletsong. insulin ka ho hloka matla a ho nka matlapa. Ho bolokoa ha melao bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea maoto ho bohlokoa haholo (bona lipotso No. 502-510).

225 Ho lokela ho etsoa eng ho hlokomela ho qala ha tsoelo-pele ea lefu la tsoekere ka nako?

Bakeng sa ho hlokomela ho qala ha nts'etsopele ea leoto la tsoekere ka nako, ho hlokahala hore ho tsamaise litlhahlobo khafetsa ke setsebi.Ke thibelo e nkang karolo ea mantlha ho thibela ho khaoloa ha maoto le matsoho. Ka bomalimabe, ha a fuoa tlhokomelo e nepahetseng mme bonyane halofo ea bakuli ha e qale kalafo ka nako. Ho ke ho hlokomeloe hore mehato e potlakileng ea ho itšireletsa e ka fokotsa sekhahla sa ho khaoloa ha bakuli ho ea ho 90%. Hajoale, metsotsoaneng e meng le e meng e 30 lefatšeng, ho pongoa likarolo tse tlase ka lebaka la lefu la tsoekere ho etsoa, ​​'me palo e kholo ea bakuli ke feela kamora ho buoa ba tseba hore ba na le lefu la tsoekere.

Karolo ea bohlokoa, ho kenyelletsa ho tloaela tsoekere ea mali, ke ea khalemelo e nakong le e lekaneng ea lintlha tse ling tsa kotsi, hammoho le kalafo e tšoanelehang ea kalafo ea bofokoli ba maoto le leoto.

226 Kotsi e ka sehloohong ea lefu la tsoekere le tsoekere?

Bothata bo tebileng ka ho fetisisa ba leoto la tsoekere ke nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere.

227 Ho tšoaroa ke lefu la tsoekere ke eng?

Lefu la tsoekere ke mofuta oa litšoelesa tse ntšo kapa tse lefifi haholo (hangata maemo a tlase) a hlahang khahlano le semelo sa lefu la tsoekere.

228 Ke mabaka afe a bakang tsoelo-pele ea lefu la tsoekere?

Ho qala ha lefu la tsoekere ho bakoa ke lintlha tse latelang, e leng: microtrauma ea letsoho le nako e telele ea ho se phekolehe, serame kapa mocheso, lesapo la mokokotlo, lefu la Corpus callosum, mafu a fungal.

229 Ke maemong afe moo ke lokelang ho bona ngaka?

Ngaka e lokela ho botsoa maemong a latelang: ho ruruha (esita le hanyane), likotsi, ho chesa, serame, maqeba, likotsi, liso, liphallelo, calluse, scuffs, lipekere tse kenang, ho fifala ha letlalo, ponahalo ea bohloko kapa ho fokotseha hoa kutlo. Maemong afe kapa afe a lipelaelo le phetoho ea maemo a fetileng.

230 Hobaneng ho le bohlokoa ho batla thuso ka nako e nepahetseng?

Haeba leqeba le hlaha, kalafo e nepahetseng le e nakong ka 95% ea linyeoe li qoba ho khaoloa leoto le leng.

231 Phekolo ea leoto la tsoekere ke eng?

Phekolo e kenyelletsa ho lokisoa ha mathata a metabolic, kalafo ea lehae le e akaretsang ea antimicrobial, ho phomola ka botlalo le ho laolla leoto.

Ha ho e-ba le phokotso e kholo phepelong ea mali le ho fokotswa hoa leseli la likepe, ho buuoa ho etsoa e le ho holisa sekepe kapa ho qobella boroko ba methapo ea methapo.

Ho tsoa bukeng Clinical Nutrition for Diabetes ea Alla V. Nesterova

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Mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere Mathata a morao a lefu la tsoekere ke mafu a hoo e ka bang litho tsohle le tsamaiso ea 'mele, e bakoang ke ho eketseha khafetsa hoa tsoekere ea mali, ke hore, hyperglycemia. Ha tsoekere ea hau ea mali e le holimo, tsoekere e eketsehileng.

Mathata a lefu la tsoekere ho bana Ho na le ts'oaetso le kalafo e sa qalang hang-hang, lefu la tsoekere le ka hola ka potlako mme la fetoha sebopeho se fokotsehang ha ho le thata ho khetha kalafo ho etsa hore maemo a tsoekere a fokotsehe

Puo No. 7. Mathata a lefu la tsoekere. Ketoacidosis Acute mathata a hlobaetsang a lefu la tsoekere a beha kotsing e kholo maphelong a bakuli. Mathata a hlobaetsang a kenyelletsa ho ba le "hyperglycemic" le "hypoglycemic coma." Hangata, boemo ba hypoglycemia bo hlaha,

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Karolo ea Bobeli Mathata a lefu la tsoekere 136 Mathata a lefu la tsoekere ke afe? Liphetoho tsohle li arotsoe ka bongata, bo hlahisoang ka lebaka la tšubuhlellano ea metabolism ea carbohydrate, le nako e telele (li boetse li bitsoa morao haholo) - ka lebaka la karabelo

Khaolo ea 8 Mathata a tebileng a lefu la tsoekere 137 Mathata a lefu la tsoekere a mangata? Mathata a amanang le lefu la sethoathoa haholo a kenyelletsa liphetoho tsoekere ea mali tseleng eo e eketsehang (eo ho thoeng ke hyperglycemic coma - ketoacidotic,

Khaolo ea 9 Mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere 198 Mathata a lefu la tsoekere a morao-rao ke afe? Mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere ke lefu la tsoekere le bakoang ke ketso ea nako e telele ea tsoekere e maling le liseleng tsa 'mele.

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LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO BA KOTSI ea lefu la tsoekere lefu la tsoekere ha le kotsi eseng ka tsoekere e phahameng ea mali e ka fetoloang ka kalafo e lekaneng, empa ka mathata a eona a methapo, ao hajoale e leng sesosa se ka sehloohong sa bokooa le lefu ka har'a

LITLHAKU TSE LING TSA BOTSOALLE (LIHLOOHO, MAHALA, LITLHAKU TSA BOTSOALLE LE BA BANG) LE LITLHOHONOLOFATSO TSA bona tsa lefu la tsoekere ke mafu a hoo e batlang e le litho tsohle le lits'ebetso tsa 'mele, tse bakiloeng ke ho eketseha khafetsa hoa tsoekere ea mali, ke hore, hyperglycemia. Ho feta

Liphephetso tsa lefu la tsoekere ho batho ba nang le molaotheo oa mucus. Ho nts'etsopele lefu la tsoekere, mali a nang le "candied" a ntlafatsa sebopeho sa mefuta ea mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahala, ho tloha polelo-e seng kotsi ea polelo-adipose ho theha polyps le neoplasms tse tebileng. Ka lilemo tse ngata ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere

Lefu la tsoekere ke o mong oa maloetse a kotsi ka ho fetisisa ka lebaka la mathata. Haeba o sa tsotelle bophelo ba hao bo botle, o se ke oa latela lijo, lefu lena le tla hlaha le monyetla o mongata. Mme ebe ho haella ha kalafo ho tla bonahala ka kakaretso mathata a mathata e arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 'maloa:

Litlamorao

Mathata a bakoang ke ho kula a feta lilemo tse 'maloa. Kotsi ea bona ha se ponahalong e matla, empa ke hore butle-butle a mpefala mokuli. Le ho fumaneha ha kalafo e nang le bokhoni ka linako tse ling ho ke ke ha tiisa ts'ireletso khahlanong le mofuta ona oa mathata.

Mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere a kenyeletsa mafu :

  1. - Tšenyo ea mokokotlo ea mokokotlo e etsang hore mokokotlo o kene mokokotlong. Butle-butle e lebisa ho tahlehelo e felletseng ea pono. Retinopathy e atileng haholo e etsahala ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. Bakeng sa mokuli ea nang le "boiphihlelo" ba ho feta lilemo tse 20, kotsi ea retinopathy e atametse 100%.
  2. . Ha ho bapisoa le mathata a mang a morao-rao, e hlaha ka potlako, ka linako tse ling ka nako e ka tlase ho selemo. Ke tlolo ea tumello ea methapo, ba fetoha brittle. Ho na le tloaelo ea thrombosis le atherosclerosis.
  3. . Ho felloa ke matla a ho utloa bohloko le mocheso maotong. Hangata, e hlaha ho ea ka mofuta oa "liatlana le li-stockings", e qala ho iponahatsa ka nako e le ngoe liaparong tse tlase le tse holimo. Matšoao a pele ke maikutlo a ho akheha le ho chesa maotong, a matlafatsoang haholo bosiu. Ho fokotseha ha maikutlo ho baka likotsi tse ngata.
  4. . Ho na le bothata moo ho nang le liso, "marang-rang a ho hlatsoa" le ho hlatsoa maloetse (wafu) maotong le maemong a tlase a mokuli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere. Ka hona, bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba lokela ho ela hloko bohloeki ba maoto le khetho ea lieta tse nepahetseng tse ke keng tsa hatella leoto. U lokela ho sebelisa likausi tse ikhethileng ntle le ho koenya meno.

Hobaneng ha mathata a hlaha ho lefu la tsoekere

Lisosa tsa ponahalo ea mafu a kopaneng a ipapisitse le mofuta oa lefu lena. Ka mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la mellitus, mathata a hlaha ha mokuli a sa tsamaise insulin ka nako e loketseng.

Mokuli a ka 'na a kheloha kemiso ea ente e tla etsa hore ho be le maloetse a kopaneng.

Mokhoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea mathata:

  1. Palo ea insulin maling e ea fokotseha, 'me tsoekere e ea eketseha.
  2. Ho na le maikutlo a matla a lenyora, polyuria (molumo o eketsehileng oa moroto).
  3. Ho bokellana ha acid e mafura maling ho eketseha ka lebaka la lipolysis tse matla (ho khaola hoa mafura).
  4. Ts'ebetso tsohle tsa anabolic li fokotseha butle, li-tishu ha li sa khona ho netefatsa ho phatloha ha 'mele ea ketone (acetone e entsoeng ka har'a sebete).
  5. Ho tahiloe hoa 'mele.

Ka mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa II mellitus (o sa itšetleheng ka insulin), mathata a hlaha ka lebaka la hore bakuli ha ba batle ho latela mokhoa oa ho ja mme ha ba nke lithethefatsi tse theolelang tsoekere. Khalemelo ea phepo e nepahetseng e tlama kalafo ea kalafo e sa foleng ea hyperglycemia (tsoekere e feteletseng maling) le khanyetso ea insulin (sensitivityity ea lisele tse itšetlehileng ka insulin ketsong ea insulin).

Mathata a lefu la tsoekere la 2 a hlaha ka tsela e latelang:

  1. Sekhahla sa tsoekere ea mali butle-butle sea eketseha.
  2. Ka lebaka la tsoekere e ngata, mosebetsi oa litho tsa ka hare o qala ho senyeha.
  3. Ho ba le intracellular hyperglycemia, e lebisang ho glucose neurotoxicity (ho se sebetse hantle ha tsamaiso ea methapo) le mafu a mang.

Lintho tse eketsang kotsi ea mathata

Boemo ba mokuli ha bo na ho mpefala ntle ho lebaka. Lintho tse eketsang kotsi ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere:

  • Phello ea lefutso. Kotsi ea ho ba le mathata ho mokuli e eketsa makhetlo a 5-6 haeba e mong oa batsoali ba hae a e-na le lefu la tsoekere le leholo.
  • Boima bo feteletseng. Sena se kotsi haholo bakeng sa lefu la mofuta oa 2. Ho tlola khafetsa ja lijo ho lebisa ho eketseheng ha mafura a mmele. Li-receptor tse ikhethang tsa cellular li ke ke tsa hlola li sebelisana ka matla le insulin, 'me ha nako e ntse e feta palo ea tsona liseleng ea fokotseha.
  • Ho nwa joala. Batho ba nang le mefuta eohle ea lefu la tsoekere ba tla tlameha ho tlohela joala. e baka hypoglycemia, e fokotsa molumo oa methapo.
  • Ho sitoa ho ja. Ka lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, ho thibetsoe ho ja litholoana tse monate le lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse potlakileng le mafura (ice cream, chokolete, margarine, jj.). Ka mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa lefu lena, u ke ke ua ja lijo tse potlakileng. Litsebi tsa phepo ea "insulin" li lokela ho tlosa liswiti ka botlalo lijong. Haeba lijo li sa lateloe, boemo ba tsoekere bo tla tsoha 'me bo oele haholo.
  • Ho hloka ts'ebetso ea 'mele. Ho hlokomoloha boikoetliso le physiotherapy ho lebisa ho fokotseng ha metabolism. Lihlahisoa tse bolileng li telele haholo 'meleng ebile lia e chefo.
  • Boloetse ba pelo bo sa foleng. Ka khatello ea mali e phahameng, lefu la pelo la mokokotlo, atherosulinosis, menyetla ea hore tishu ho insulin e fokotsehe.
  • Khatello ea maikutlo, khatello e matla ea kelello le maikutlo. Adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucocorticoids e ama hampe mosebetsi oa pancreatic le tlhahiso ea insulin.
  • Boimana Lithane tsa 'mele oa basali li amohela insulin ea tsona hanyane ka lebaka la tlhahiso e sebetsang ea lihormone.

Maemo a Hyperglycemic

Tekanyo e ngata ea tsoekere maling e ka bolaea motho ea nang le lefu la tsoekere. Maemo a Hyperglycemic a khothalletsa ho kena sepetlele bakeng sa kalafo e eketsehileng. Li tla ka mefuta e meraro:

BoemoMabaka a ntlafatsoMatšoaoMekhoa e meholo ea kalafo
Ketoacidosis
  • kenyelletso ea tekanyetso e nyane ea insulin,
  • takatso e phahameng ea carb
  • joala
  • khatello ea maikutlo
  • bohloko ba ka mpeng
  • mathata a ho hema
  • phefumoloho e makatsang
  • mathata a ho tjeka
  • ho lahleheloa ke kelello.
  • Tsamaiso ea tsoekere ka insulin.
  • Phepelo ea 'mele.
  • Khutlisa botsitso ba liminerale.
Hyperosmolar state
  • ho hlatsa, lets'ollo,
  • ho nka diuretics,
  • maemo a tlase a insulin
  • likotsi
  • ho tsoa mali, ho cha.
  • ho nyekeloa, ho hlatsa,
  • maloetse, ho holofala,
  • tachycardia
  • pherekano
  • hypotension ea methapo.
  • Matla a kenang kahare a kenang.
  • Intravenous tsamaiso ea insulin.
  • Matšeliso bakeng sa khaello ea electrolyte.
  • Ho hlahloba le ho phekola maloetse a kopaneng.
Lactic acidosis coma (lactic acidosis)
  • infarction ea bohlokoahali
  • lefu le sa foleng la sebete
  • bokhoba ba joala
  • ho tsoa mali haholo
  • ho hloleha ha rems.
  • ho nyekeloa, ho hlatsa,
  • ho otsela
  • bohloko bo ka morao ho sternum
  • boemo ba mokhathala o eketsehileng (asthenia),
  • mocheso o tlase oa 'mele
  • hypotension.
  • Tloaelo ea metabolism ea metsi-electrolyte.
  • Ho kenyelletsa insulin ka glucose.
  • Khalemelo ea boemo ba acid-base.

Hypoglycemia

Nts'etsopele ea lefu lena e baka tsoekere e tlase ea mali. E le ho ntlafatsa boemo ba mokuli, lingaka li beha li-glucose ka tsoekere. Hypoglycemia e ka baka insulin e ngata, joala, ho ja lijo tse matla haholo, ho ikoetlisa ka ho feteletseng. Matšoao a lefu lena:

  • mabifi, boemo ba ho tšoha bo se nang lebaka kapa ho tšoenyeha,
  • mofufutso o eketsehileng
  • lebelo la pelo le eketsehang - ho tloha ho 100 ho isa ho 400 ho otla motsotso
  • ho thothomela ha mesifa kapa makhopho
  • ho nyekeloa, ho hlatsa,
  • "Pono e habeli" mahlong,
  • ho opeloa ke hlooho, ho ba le letsoele le lengata.

Mathata a sa foleng a lefu la tsoekere

Ha se mathata ohle a nang le mathata a metabolic a hlahang hang-hang. Maloetse a 'maloa a etsahala ka lebaka la tšitiso ea nako e telele ea metabolic le tahi e tšoanang. Organs le lisele li khaotsa ho etsa mosebetsi oa tsona. Mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa I:

  • Ho lahleheloa ke pono. Boemong ba pelehi ba lefu lena, 32% ea bakuli ba fumana retinopathy (tšenyo ea morao). Haeba a sa phekoloe, lefu la tsoekere le tla hlaha kapele, 'me le a foufatsa.
  • Lefu la tsoekere. Mokhoa oa potoloho ea liphio oa ameha. Ha li khone ho sefa plasma ka tloaelo, 'me protheine e tsoa moriring. Boloetse bona bo hlaha bo lekana le lefu la sethepu.
  • Ho hlola ha tsamaiso ea potoloho ea lipalo tse tlase. Mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 ke o mong oa lisosa tse khaotsoeng tsa leoto, o sa amaneng le likotsi tsa mmele kapa likotsi. Gangrene e nang le lefu lena e tsoela pele butle. Ka nako e telele, mokuli a ka 'na a se ke a ela hloko taba ea necrosis ho fihlela a khaoloa leoto kapa leoto lohle.
  • Tšenyo ea methapo ea methapo ea kutlo (CNS).
  • Angiopathy.

Ka lefu la tsoekere le sa itšetleheng ka insulin, mokuli a ka ba le mathata a latelang a morao:

  • Ho hloleha hape Boemong ba ho kula, mokuli o hloka ho fetisoa ha meno.
  • Ho felisoa ha tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo. Sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 ke stroke kapa lefu la pelo. Lisebelisoa tsa pelo le bokong tse tlas'a tšusumetso ea tsoekere e feteletseng li qala ho felloa ke matla, ho bonoa ke li-atherosselotic.
  • Mathata le tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng le tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo.
  • Tlolo ea phepelo ea mali libakeng tse tlase.
  • Mathata a pono.

Angiopathy

Maloetse a tsamaisana le tšenyo ea likepe tse kholo le tse nyane. Ka angiopathy, ho potoloha ha mali hoa lipalo tse tlase, mosebetsi oa liphio, mahlo, pelo, boko lia ferekana.

Mafu a phekoloa ka lithethefatsi ho theola cholesterol, ho thibela mali, ho ntlafatsa metabolism liseleng.

  • khafetsa ho ntša
  • pallor ea letlalo,
  • arrhythmia,
  • edema ea lehae,
  • fokotseha ha leihlo le bonoang,
  • khokahano e senyehileng le mohopolo,
  • khatello e phahameng ea mali.

Tšenyo ea methapo ea kutlo

Ka lefu la tsoekere, phepelo ea mali ho litho tsohle lia ferekana. Ho senyeha ha methapo ea methapo e bohareng ho hlahisoa ka nts'etsopele ea encephalopathy. Bakuli ba na le asthenia, vegetovascular dysfunction, neurosis, methapo. O ka fumana lefu lena o sebelisa MRI le electroencephalography.

Bakeng sa kalafo ea encephalopathy ho lefu la tsoekere, ho boletsoe:

  • Lithethefatsi ho boloka khokahano e tloaelehileng ea tsoekere maling.
  • Meriana ea ho ntlafatsa li-microcirculation tsa mali, nootropics.
  • Meriana e fokotsang khatello ea mali.
  • Li-vithamine tsa B, alpha lipoic acid, vithamine E bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng.
  • Sedatives, tranquilizer.

Lefu la lefu la tsoekere

Liphetoho tsa anatomical le tšebetso li etsahala khahlano le semelo sa lefu la masapo, neuropathy, angiopathy. Ho hloka taolo leetong la lefu la tsoekere ho hlaha likarolong tse ka thoko tsa sebaka se tlaase, ke. menoaneng le lipaneng. Ts'ebetso ea ulcerative necrotic e ama lisele tse bonolo le tsa masapo. Hoo e ka bang 90% ea lipontšo tsa lefu lena e etsahala ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. Lefu la tsoekere le tla ka mefuta e meraro:

  • Neuropathic. E hlaha khahlano le semelo sa lefu la tsoekere le methapo e mengata ea methapo ea kutlo (polyneuropathy).
  • Neuroischemic. Sesosa sa mofuta ona oa lefu lena ke angiopathy.
  • Osteoarthropatic. Foromo e na le methati e meraro: o hlobaetsang, o sa foleng, o sa foleng. Sesosa sa lefu lena ke osteoporosis.

Litlamorao tsa lefu la tsoekere ho bana

Lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho hlaha ha lefu le sa le monyane ke tšekamelo ea lefutso. Haeba ngoana a lula a tšoeroe ke mafu a vaerase, a sa itšireletsa mafung, o boetse o kotsing ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere. Bana ba na le mathata a latelang:

  • Mathata a liphio. Boloetse bona bo hlaha ka lebaka la hore tsoekere e eketsehang e senya metsoako ea liphio. Proteinuria (ponahalo ea protheine ka har'a moroto) ke letšoao le ka sehloohong la nephropathy. Bakuli ba nang le liphio tse kulang ba bontšoa sejo se tloaelehileng sa khatello ea mali le metabolism ea lipid. Bakeng sa tšoaetso ea genitourinary system, ho laetsoe lithibela-mafu.
  • Ho fokotseha hoa pono. Ka litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa tsoekere, methapo ea mali le methapo ea mahlo e senyehile. Khahlano le semelo sa lits'ebetso tsena, pono ea senyeha. Mokuli o tletleba ka hore oa mo ferekanya, "oa fofa" ka pel'a mahlo a hae. Phekolo e kenyelletsa ho kopanya phepelo ea mali ho letlole le sebelisang meriana, e fokotsang maemo a tsoekere.

Phekolo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere

Ha u etsa moralo oa kalafo, boemo ba mokuli bo bapala karolo ea bohlokoa. Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa kalafo ke tse tharo:

  1. Fokotseha boemong ba tsoekere. Bakuli bohle ba lokela ho latela lijo tse tlase tsa carb. Ka lefu la mofuta oa 1, ho hlahisoa kalafo ea insulin, 'me ka mofuta oa 2, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse theolelang tsoekere.
  2. Matšeliso a mekhoa ea metabolism. Morero oa phepo e le 'ngoe o etsoa bakeng sa mokuli, ho kenngoa liente tsa li-vithamine le li-acid tse molemo. Boikoetliso ba 'mele bo hlokahala.
  3. Phekolo. Morero oa kalafo o ntlafatsoa ho latela mofuta le lefu le tebileng la lefu lena le kopaneng. Mohlala, maqeba a tšoaetsanoang a litho le tsamaiso ea genitourinary a phekoloa ka lithibela-mafu.

Lefu la tsoekere ke lefu le kotsi leo ho lona metsoako ea metabolic, ho kenyeletsa metabolism ea carbohydrate. Lefu lena le na le lefu le sa foleng, mme le ke ke la phekoloa ka botlalo, empa le ka buseletsoa.

E le hore u se ke ua hlahisa mathata a lefu la tsoekere, ho hlokahala hore u etele ngaka ea endocrinologist le lingaka kamehla. Ho bohlokoa ho lekola boemo ba tsoekere, e lokelang ho ba ho tloha ho 4 ho isa ho 6,6 mmol / l.

Motho e mong le e mong ea nang le lefu la tsoekere o lokela ho tseba hore litlamorao tsa hyperglycemia e sa foleng hangata e lebisa ho holofala esita le lefu, ho sa tsotelehe mofuta oa lefu lena. Empa ke mathata afe a lefu la tsoekere a ka bang le 'ona, hona hobaneng a hlaha?

Mathata a lefu la tsoekere: Mokhoa oa nts'etsopele

Ho motho ea phetseng hantle, tsoekere e lokela ho kenella liseleng tse mafura le tsa mesifa, e li fe matla, empa ho tsoekere e lula maling a mali. Ka tsoekere e phahameng kamehla, e leng ntho e nang le hyperosmolar, mabota a methapo le litho tse tsamaeang le mali li senyehile.

Empa ana ke mathata a lefu la tsoekere a morao-rao. Ka lebaka la khaello ea insulin e matla, ho hlaha litlamorao tse mpe tse hlokang kalafo kapele, kaha li ka lebisa lefung.

Mofuteng oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere, 'mele o haelloa ke insulin. Haeba khaello ea li-hormone e sa lefelloe ke kalafo ea insulin, litlamorao tsa lefu la tsoekere li tla qala ho hola ka potlako, e leng se tla fokotsa tebello ea bophelo ba motho.

Ho mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere, manyeme o hlahisa insulin, empa lisele tsa 'mele ha li e utloisise. Tabeng ena, ho fanoa ka litlhare tse fokotsang tsoekere, le lithethefatsi tse eketsang ho hanyetsa insulin, tse tla etsa hore mekhoa ea metabolic e lekane nako eohle ea moriana.

Khafetsa, mathata a tebileng a mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere ha a hlahe kapa a bonahala a le bonolo haholo. Empa maemong a mangata, motho o fumana feela ka boteng ba lefu la tsoekere ha lefu lena le tsoela pele, 'me litlamorao li fetoha tse sa fetoheng.

Kahoo, mathata a lefu la tsoekere a arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli:

Thibelo le kalafo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere

Mathata a pelehi le morao a tšoaroa ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Kahoo, ho fokotsa ts'oenyeho ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere a hlahang sethaleng sa pele, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe hangata boemo ba glycemia, 'me haeba ho hlaha boemo ba hypoglycemic kapa hyperglycemic, nka mehato e loketseng ea bongaka ka nako.

Phekolo e thehiloe linthong tse tharo tsa kalafo. Pele ho tsohle, ho hlokahala ho laola boemo ba glucose, bo lokelang ho tloha ho 4,4 ho isa ho 7 mmol / l. Ho fihlela sena, ba sebelisa lithethefatsi tse theolelang tsoekere kapa ba sebelisa insulin kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere.

Ho bohlokoa hape ho buseletsa lits'ebetso tsa metabolic tse tšoenyehileng ka lebaka la khaello ea insulin. Ka hona, bakuli ba fuoe meriana ea alpha-lipoic acid le lithethefatsi tsa vascular. Haeba ho na le atherogenicity e ngata, ngaka e beha litlhare tse fokotsang cholesterol (fibrate, statins).

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