Tloaelo ea khatello ea mali ho batho ba baholo le bana
Phapang ea khatello ea mali (BP) ho batho ba baholo ha e makatse mang kapa mang, mathata a joalo ho bana a thabisa motho e mong le e mong. Ho feta moo, liphapang tse etsahalang hangata ha li fihle feela ho bacha, empa le ho masea. 'Mele o mocha o na le marako a marang-rang a methapo ea mali, ka hona, khatello ea mali ho masea e tlase. Ho mocha, khatello ea systolic e ka ba 75 mmHg. Ka kholo ea ngoana, butle-butle e eketseha.
Lilemo tsa ngoana li bontša hore na mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa bolelee, bophara ba methapo ea methapo le methapo, sebaka se felletseng sa marangrang a marang-rang, ao moelelo oa khatello ea mali ho bana o itšetlehileng ka oona..
Mokhoa oa bongaka o hlokomela phapang e kholo ea khatello ea mali ho masea ho fihlela selemo. Khoeli le khoeli, ho masea, e hola ka 1 mmHg. Art.
Ho tloha selemo ho isa ho lilemo tse 6, khatello e eketseha hanyane. Sebakeng se seng ha a le lilemo li hlano, matšoao a hae a lekana bakeng sa bong bohle; hamorao bashanyana ba na le khatello e phahameng ea mali ho feta banana. Ho tloha ho lilemo tse 6 ho fihlela lilemong tsa bocha, khatello ea mali ea systolic e nyoloha hape: ho bashanyana - ka 2 mm. Hg. Art., Ho banana - ka 1 mm RT. Art. Haeba ngoana a tletleba ka bofokoli, mokhathala, u se ke ua potlakela ho mo fa pilisi bakeng sa hlooho. Lekanya khatello pele.
Khatello ea mali ke mohopolo o tloaelehileng
Sisteme ea phallo ea mali 'meleng ke pelo le methapo ea mali. Li tletse mali, a fanang ka litho le lisele ka limatlafatsi le oksijene. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea sistimi ena e fuoa pelo - pompo ea tlhaho e pomang mali. Ha e tšoaroa, e akhela mali ka methapong. Khatello ea mali e ho tsona e bitsoa ea khale.
Ka BP, lingaka li utloisisa matla ao mali a sebetsang ho 'ona methapong ea mali. Ha e le kholoanyane, the e eketsa khatello ea mali. Ho sutumetsa likarolo tsa mali tsamaisong ea mali, pelo e baka khatello e tšoanang. Khatello e tloaelehileng e bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa metabolic, hobane limatlafatsi tsohle li tsamaisoa ho ea litho le mali, li-toxin le chefo li tlosoa.
Mekhoa ea Taolo ea Khatello
Sebelisa mekhoa e tobileng le e sa tobang ea ho laola khatello ea mali. Mokhoa o hlaselang oa hlokahala nakong ea ts'ebetso ea bongaka ha ho kenngoa probe le sensor ka har'a methapo ea methapo. Mekhoa e sa hlaseloeng ke likhetho tsa khatello:
- Palpation ke mokhoa o rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa o hlokang tsebo e itseng. Ha o tobetsa artery ka menoana ea hau, ho bohlokoa ho tšoara nako ea ho hula ho hoholo le bonyane sebakeng se ka tlase ho sebaka se sentsoeng.
- Mokhoa o khothatsang oa ngaka e buoang ngaka Korotkov ke mokhoa oa ho buoa ho tloha ka 1905 ho fihlela kajeno. E fana ka ts'ebeliso ea tonometer, khatello ea gauge le stethoscope.
- Mokhoa oa oscillometric o tiisa molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea bahlokomeli ba khatello ea mali ba ikemetseng. E etsa hore ho khonehe ho hlahloba khatello ea mali lehetleng, mangoleng, thekeng.
- Doppler ultrasound e khetholla khatello ea mali ea systolic feela e sebelisang ultrasound. E sebelise hangata khafetsa bakeng sa masea le masea.
Bahlokomeli ba khatello ea mali ea morao-rao ba u lumella ho lekanya khatello ea bana lapeng ntle le koetliso e khethehileng ea bongaka. Leha ho le joalo, melao ea motheo ea ho lekanya khatello ea mali bakeng sa bana e hloka ho tseba.
Mokhoa oa ho lekanya khatello ea mali ho bana
Ho molemo ho lekanya khatello ea mali ea ngoana oa hau hoseng. Ho bohlokoa hore a be maemong a khutsitseng, ha aa lokela ho ba le meroalo pele ho ts'ebetso. Ho molemo ho lekanya hora kamora ho ja kapa ho tsamaea, haeba ngoana a sa hoama. Ho bohlokoa mokhoa oa ho e fokotsa ho ea ntloaneng.
Haeba litekanyo li etsoa ka lekhetlo la pele, matsoho a mabeli a lokela ho hlahlojoa ho latela mehato ea morao moo sephetho se neng se le holimo. Tekanyo ea khatello ea mali ho bana e na le litšobotsi tsa eona. Bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse peli hangata ba lekanya khatello ha ba robala. Ngoana ea seng a tsofetse a ka lula. Letsoho le lokiselitsoeng litekanyetso ha le lekane, empa le tafoleng e lehlakoreng le tšoanang le 'mele ka letsoho. Maoto a boetse a lokela ho ba setulong, haeba setulo se sa teba. Ntho ea bohlokoa ke hore angle pakeng tsa lehetla le garaga e lokela ho ba tse otlolohileng (hoo e ka bang 90º).
Likarolo tsa mokhoa oa ho lekanya li hlalositsoe ka botlalo bukeng ea tataiso ea tonometer mme haholo-holo ha ho khethoa cuff e nepahetseng. Haeba u sebelisa li-cuffs tsa batho ba baholo, litholoana li tla ba tse sa nepahalang. Sena ke 'nete haholo ho bana ba banyenyane. Liphetho tse nepahetseng li ka fumaneha hafeela cuff e tsamaellana le ¾ sebaka ho tloha molomong ho ea mokokotlong. Mo apare phatleng 'me a mo tiise ka Velcro. Lekhalo le lokela ho ba joalo hore pakeng tsa cuff le letlalo le fetisa monwana oa motho e moholo. Kamora ho lokisa cuff, ho ea ka melao eohle, ba letsa moea ka thuso ea perela. Ebe moea ona o lokolloa ka ho tobetsa valve.
Phonendoscope e boetse e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya khatello ea mali. E sebelisoa fossa ka lehlakoreng le kahare la nko ea letsoho la letsoho. Kamora ho sebelisa phonendoscope, motho o lokela ho leka ho hlokomela qaleho ea pulsation kamora ho lokolloa ha moea le ho otla ha mafome. Seoa sa pele se bonts'a boemo bo holimo ba khatello ea mali, ea ho qetela - moeli o tlase.
Ho bala khatello ea systolic, habeli le ho eketsa sehlahisoa 80. khatello ea mali ea diastolic e lokela ho tloha ½ ho isa ⅔ boleng ba khatello ea mali e holimo. Bakeng sa lipalo tse nepahetseng, o ka sebelisa foromo e ikhethileng. Mohlala ho ngoana ea lilemo li hlano, ho hlokahala ho etsa lipalo tse joalo: 5 * 2 + 80 = 90 mm RT. Art. maemo a khatello e tlase a hlalosoa e le halofo kapa ⅔ ea paramente ena - ho tloha ho 45 ho isa ho 60 mm Hg. Art. Khatello e tloaelehileng ho ngoana ea itseng e ke ke ea itšetleha feela ka lilemo, empa le ka mabaka a mang a mangata:
- Setha tse felletseng
- Ts'ebetso ea metabolism,
- Mood
- Ho Lekola,
- Mokhathala
- Boleng ba ho robala
- Phello ea lefutso
- Boemo ba leholimo bo bobe.
Tloaelo ea khatello ea mali ho ngoana le likarolo tsa phetoho ea eona: tafole
Melao ea khatello ea mali ho bana - tafoleng ka lilemo:
Mongoaha | Khatello ea mali, mmHg st | |||
Systolic | Diastolic | |||
bonyane | boholo | bonyane | boholo | |
Libeke tse 0-2 | 60 | 96 | 40 | 50 |
Libeke tse 2-4 | 80 | 112 | 40 | 74 |
Likhoeli tse 2-12 | 90 | 112 | 50 | 74 |
Lilemo tse 2-3 | 100 | 112 | 60 | 74 |
Lilemo tse 3-5 | 100 | 116 | 60 | 76 |
Lilemo tse 6-9 | 100 | 122 | 60 | 78 |
Lilemo tse 10-12 | 110 | 126 | 70 | 82 |
Lilemo tse 13-15 | 110 | 136 | 70 | 86 |
Tafole e nang le sekhahla sa pelo ho bana:
Lilemo tsa ngoana | Sekhahla sa pelo, bpm | Meeli ea tloaelo, bpm |
0-1 likhoeli | 140 | 110-170 |
Likhoeli tse 1-12 | 130 | 102-162 |
Lilemo tse 1-2 | 124 | 94-154 |
Lilemo tse 2-4 | 115 | 90-140 |
Lilemo tse 4-6 | 106 | 86-126 |
Lilemo tse 6-8 | 98 | 78-118 |
Lilemo tse 8-10 | 88 | 68-108 |
Lilemo tse 10-12 | 80 | 60-100 |
Lilemo tse 12-15 | 75 | 55-95 |
Tloaelo ea khatello ea mali ho batho ba baholo
Tloaelo ea khatello ho motho e moholo ke 120 ka 80 mm RT. Art. Letšoao la 120 ke khatello ea mali ea systolic e kaholimo, 'me 80 ke diastolic e tlase.
Ho latela likhothaletso tsa morao-rao tsa bongaka tsa Mokhatlo oa Bongaka oa Russia, boemo ba khatello ea mali bo lebisitsoeng bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea bakuli bo ka tlase ho 140/90 mm Hg. Art.
Khatello e phahameng e nkuoa e le khatello e phahameng ea mali ea 140 mm Hg. 'me ka holimo, le khatello e tlase ea madi ea diastolic ea 90 mm Hg le holimo.
Lethathamo la Tloaelo ea khatello ho batho ba lilemo tse fetang 18
Boleng | Khatello ea mali e phahameng (mmHg) | Khatello ea mali e tlase (mmHg) |
Khetho e nepahetseng | 120 | 80 |
Khatello e tloaelehileng | Ka tlase ho 130 | Ka tlase ho 85 |
E phahameng | 130 ho isa ho 139 | 85 ho isa ho 89 |
1 tekanyo ea khatello ea mali | 140 ho isa ho 159 | 90 ho isa ho 99 |
2 degree - e leka-lekaneng | 160 ho isa ho 179 | 100 ho isa ho 109 |
3 degree - e boima | ≥ 180 | ≥110 |
Khatello ea Mali a Batho ba baholo
Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela 'nete ea hore khatello ea mali e nyoloha le botsofaling, ka hona' mele o ke ke oa hlola o khona ho sebetsana le phallo ea mali tsamaisong ea venous.
Matšoao a BP ka lilemo
Bathong ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 60, khatello ea mali e lebelletsoeng e holimo e lokela ho ba lipakeng tsa 130 le 140 mmHg. Art., Le tlase - ka tlase ho 80 mm RT. Art. Khatello ea mali ea Systolic kalafong ea khatello ea mali ha ea lokela ho ba tlase ho 120 mm Hg, le diastolic 70 mm Hg. st
Khatello e tloaelehileng ka lilemo - tafoleng
Lilemo (lilemo) | Banna ba bolela HM mmHg | Basali ba bolela khatello ea mali mmHg |
16-19 | 123 ho ea ho 76 | 116 ka 72 |
20-29 | 126 ka 79 | 120 ka 75 |
30 – 40 | 129 ho la 81 | 127 ho isa ho 80 |
41 – 50 | 135 ka 83 | 137 ho 84 |
51 – 60 | 142 ka 85 | 144 ka 85 |
Ba fetang 60 | 142 ka 80 | 159 ho ea ho 85 |
Khatello e tloaelehileng ea mali bakeng sa lilemo tse fapaneng
Ha rea lokela ho lebala taba ea hore nakong ea boikoetliso ba 'mele u hloka ho lekola ho shapuoa ha pelo.
Sekhahla sa pelo ea motho nakong ea boikoetliso
Mongoaha | Sekhahla sa pelo ka motsotso o le mong |
20-29 | 115-145 |
30-39 | 110-140 |
40-49 | 105-130 |
50-59 | 100-124 |
60-69 | 95-115 |
> 70 | 50% ea (220 - lilemo) |
Haeba ngaka, e shebile mokuli ka matsatsi a 'maloa, e lula e rekota khatello e phahameng ea mali, joale batho ba joalo ba fumanoa ba na le khatello ea mali. Botebo ba lefu lena le hore na o hlakile hakae ho latela qeto ea khatello ea mali e tlase.
Tlhahlobo ea bongaka e lokela ho etsoa ke ngaka ea pelo!
Tloaelo ea khatello ho bana le bacha
Lilemo tsa bana | Ho fihlela selemo | Selemo se le seng | Lilemo tse 3 | Lilemo tse 5 | Lilemo tse 6-9 | Lilemo tse 12 | Lilemo tse 15 | Lilemo tse 17 |
Basebetsi ba Hell HellHH | 69/40 | 90/50 | 100/60 | 100/60 | 100/60 | 110/70 | 110/70 | 110/70 |
Boys Hmm mmHg | 96/50 | 112/74 | 112/74 | 116/76 | 122/78 | 126/82 | 136/86 | 130/90 |
Mme o tseba joang hore khatello ea mali e lokela ho ba ho bana ba banyenyane? Tekanyo ea khatello ho bana e fapana haholo le ea batho ba baholo. E le molao, ho latela bong, boima le bophahamo ba ngoana.
Kakaretso ea khatello ea mali ho ngoana e baloa ka foromo e ikhethileng:
- Khatello ea mali ea systolic e phahameng: palo ea lilemo × 2 +80 (eketsa lilemo ka tse peli 'me u kenye tse mashome a robeli),
- Khatello ea mali e tlase ea diastolic: palo ea lilemo +60 (lilemo le mashome a tšeletseng).
Hoa hlokahala ho lokisa khatello ho bana sebakeng se khutsitseng. Ho molemo ho nka tekanyo bonyane makhetlo a mararo ho khetha litekanyetso tse tlase. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore ngoana a ka tšaba ts'ebetso kapa ngaka.
Haeba batsoali hangata ba rekota lipalo tse phahameng tsa tonometer ha ba lekanya khatello ea mali ho ngoana, joale o hloka ho batla thuso ho ngaka ea pelo le ngaka ea bana.
Khafetsa, lingaka li ile tsa qala ho fumana khatello e phahameng ea mali ho masea a sa tsoa hlaha. Sena ke sesosa sa mafu a fapaneng a methapo ea mali le pelo.
U ka bala sekhahla sa hau joang
Foromo ea ho bala khatello ea mali e lekaneng e ile ea khothalletsoa ke ngaka ea sesole, ngaka e akaretsang Z.M. Volynsky. Ho latela seo o se hlokang:
- Khatello ea mali ea Systolic (holimo) ke lilemo tse 102 + 0,6 x
- Khatello ea mali ea Diastolic (ka tlase) ke lilemo tse 63 + 0,4 x
Mats'oao a baloang a sebelisa foromo ena a nkoa a nepahetse. Li ka fetoha letsatsi lohle! Bophahamo bo holimo bo fihla ho 33 mm Hg, mme bo tlase bo fihla ho 10 mm Hg. Nakong ea boroko, litheko tse tlase haholo lia tlalehoa, 'me tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa - nakong ea motšehare.
Taolo ea khatello ea mali
Hobaneng ha o hloka ho lekola khatello ea hau? Ho artery, mali a nts'oa methapong e tlas'a khatello e kholo. Sena se lebisa 'neteng ea hore mabota a arohaneng a otlolleloe ka boholo bo itseng systole ka' ngoe. Nakong ea systole ea ventricular, khatello ea mali e fihla holimo, 'me nakong ea diastole, bonyane.
Khatello ea mali e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho aorta, 'me ha u tloha ho eona, khatello ea methapo ea methapo e ea fokotseha. Khatello ea mali e tlase haholo methapong! Ho ipapisitse le palo ea mali a kenang methapong ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa pelo le bophara ba lumen ea lijana.
Khatello ea mali e eketsehang e senya methapo ea mali le ho senya methapo ea kutlo. Ho ba boemong bona nako e telele, motho o tšosoa ka: ho tsoa mali bokong, ho se sebetse hantle ha liphio le pelo.
Haeba motho a tsuba, le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa khatello ea mali li ka lebisa nts'etsong ea lefu la pelo le lefu la pelo.
Hobaneng khatello e phahama? Hangata, e amana le tsela ea bophelo. Litsebi tse ngata li qobella motho ho ba boemong bo le bong nako e telele, 'me bakeng sa phallo e nepahetseng ea mali ho hlokahala hore a sisinyehe. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, batho ba sebetsang ka thata mesebetsing ea 'mele hangata ba imetsa' mele haholo, o sa khone ho sebetsana le phallo ea phallo ea mali tsamaisong ea methapo.
Lebaka le leng la bohlokoa e ka ba khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo. Motho ea ikakhetseng ka setotsoana mosebetsing ha a hlokomele hore o na le khatello e phahameng ea mali. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore kelello e lula e tšoarehile ka khoebo, 'me' mele o na le phomolo e fokolang le phomolo.
Sesosa sa khatello ea mali hangata ke litloaelo tse mpe. Mohlala, joala le ho tsuba. Sena ha se makatse, kaha joala le koae li senya mabota a methapo le methapo ea mali eo mali a phalloang ho eona.
Khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng kamehla e lebisa boemong ba khatello ea mali. Haholo-holo lijo tse letsoai, tse tsoekere le tse halikiloeng.
Ngaka e hanela khatello ea mali ho letsoai le leng le le leng, hobane letsoai le eketsa kapele khatello ea mali, eo ka linako tse ling ho leng thata haholo ho e theola. Ha re na ho bua ka botenya. Li-kilos tse eketsehileng tsa 'mele ke mojaro o matla lijaneng, tseo butle-butle li senyehileng.
Haeba u sa laole khatello ea mali ea hau
Khatello ea mali e tsitsitseng ke e 'ngoe ea matšoao a bohlokoa a' mele oa motho. Ke ka hona ho hlokahalang ho lekola boemo ba eona, hobane boleng bo eketsehang bo ka baka nts'etsopele ea li-pathologies tse kholo.
Tlas'a tlhaselo ke litho tsa bohlokoa tse kang pelo le liphio.
Matšoao a tsamaeang le likhathatso tse matla haholo ke a mpe. Tsena ke hlooho e bohloko ea hlooho, tinnitus, ho nyekeloa le pelo le ho hlatsa, nosebleeds, mefuta eohle ea bofokoli ba pono.
Matšoao a khatello ea holimo le e tlase
Tekanyo ea khatello ea mali ea systolic le diastolic e lokela ho eketsoa, ho latela lilemo tsa ho nahanela.
Ke potso ea khatello ea mali haeba matšoao a eona nako e telele a le kaholimo ho 140/90 mm Hg. Ho motho e moholo, moelelo o nkoa e le boemo ba 120/80 mm Hg.
Motšehare, khatello ea mali ea fetoha. Phomolong, e fokotseha hanyane, 'me e eketseha ka mokhathala o mongata le merusu. Leha ho le joalo, ho motho ea phetseng hantle e ka har'a meeli e tloaelehileng.
Khatello ea mali ea Systolic e bitsoa matla a khatello ea mali maboteng a methapo ea methapo ka nako ea contraction ea pelo kapa systole. Nakong ea diastole, mesifa ea pelo ea phomola, 'me methapo ea pelo e tletse mali. Matla a khatello ka nako ena a bitsoa diastolic kapa tlaase.
Maemo a phahamisitsoeng a khatello ea mali ea diastolic a bolaea.
Matšoao a latelang a nkoa e le moelelo oa khatello ea diastolic bakeng sa mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea lilemo:
Age le bong | Tloaelo ea khatello ea diastolic, mm Hg |
---|---|
Lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho tse 7 (bashanyana le banana) | 70 |
Ho tloha ho lilemo tse 7 ho isa ho 12 (bashanyana le banana) | 74 |
Lilemo tse 12 ho isa ho 16 (bashanyana le banana) | 76 |
ho tloha ho lilemo tse 16 ho isa ho 19 (bashanyana le banana) | 78 |
ho tloha ho lilemo tse 20 ho isa ho tse 29 (banna le basali) | 80 |
Lilemo tse 30 ho isa ho tse 49 (banna le basali) | 85 |
ho tloha ho lilemo tse 50 ho isa ho tse 59 (banna) | 90 |
Lilemo tse 50 ho isa ho tse 59 (basali) | 85 |
Hypertension ea methapo ea kutlo e fetoha ka ho fokolisa methapo ea methapo. Qalong, boemo ba khatello ea mali bo nyoloha nako le nako, ha nako e ntse e ea - khafetsa.
Seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba khatello e le ka holim'a tloaelehileng
Ntho ea bohlokoahali ke ho fetola tsela eo u phelang ka eona. Lingaka li khothaletsa:
- lekola lijo tsa hau tsa ka mehla,
- tlohela mekhoa e mebe,
- Etsa li-gymnastics tse ntlafatsang tšollo ea mali.
Keketseho e sa khaotseng ea khatello ea mali ke ketsahalo ea ho etela ngaka ea methapo ea pelo kapa setsebi sa bongaka. E se e ntse e le nakong ea kalafo ea pele, ngaka e tla fana ka kalafo ho latela lintlha tse fumanoeng nakong ea tlhahlobo.
Bakuli ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo ba eletsoa hore ba be le leihlo la khatello ea mali lapeng e le hore ba lule ba lekola boemo ba khatello ea mali le ho lekola maemo a bona kamehla. Tloaelo ea khatello le ho hlatsa ke senotlolo sa bophelo bo botle le bo bolelele!
DITLHAKISO TSA MAHALA
HO HLOKAHALA TEKETSO EA HAU
Mabapi le khatello ea mali
Ka tšelo ea mali ka tsamaiso ea potoloho ea mali, ho na le khatello ea mabota a marang-rang a likepe. Matla a phello a ipapisitse le boholo ba eona. Ha sejana e le seholo, matla a mangata a khatello ea mali maboteng a eona. Khatello ea mali (BP) e ka fapana motšehare, e susumetsoa ke lintlha tse ngata tsa kahare le kantle, mohlala:
- sekhahla sa pelo
- ho ba teng ha lithibelo kahare ho methapo le methapo (cholesterol plaque),
- botle ba marako a methapo ea mali,
- palo ea mali, viscosity ea eona.
Khatello ea hlokahala bakeng sa phallo e tloaelehileng ea mali ka har'a lijana le li-capillaries, hammoho le ho netefatsa lits'ebetso tsa metabolic 'meleng. Hell e na le matšoao a mabeli: systolic (holimo), diastolic (tlase).
Systole ke boemo ba mesifa ea pelo ka nako eo e theohang. Tabeng ena, mali a mangata a romeloa ho aorta, e lebisang ho otlollang marako a likepe. Li hana, khatello e ntseng e eketseha ho boleng bo phahameng. Letšoao lena le bitsoa systolic (SBP).
Kamora ho ts'oaroa ha mesifa ea pelo ho etsahetse, valve e koala ka ho lekana mme mabota a lijana a qala ho tlosa mali a hlahileng.Butle-butle e hasana ho feta li-capillaries, ha khatello e ntse e fokotseha ho fihla tlase. Letšoao lena le bitsoa diastolic (DBP). Ntlha e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e khethollang boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba motho ke phapano lipakeng tsa khatello ea mali ea systolic le diastolic. Letšoao lena le bitsoa khatello ea pulse, ha lea lokela ho feta 40-50 mm RT. Art. kapa u be ka tlase ho 30.
Tlhahisoleseling ka kakaretso
Ha e le molao o akaretsang, tlhahlobo efe kapa efe ea bongaka ea pele e qala ka ho hlahloba matšoao a mantlha a ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea 'mele oa motho. Ngaka e hlahloba letlalo, e hlahlobe methapo ea kutlo, e hlophise likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele ho lekola boemo ba manonyeletso kapa ho bona liphetoho tse sa bonahaleng methapong ea mali, e mamelang mats'oafo le pelo ka stethoscope. khatello.
Melao ena e lumella setsebi ho bokella lintlha tse hlokahalang tse tlase mabapi le boemo ba bophelo ba mokuli nalane) le lipontšo tsa boemo tsa khale kapa khatello ea mali bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fumaneng mafu a mangata a fapaneng. Khatello ea mali ke eng, hona litloaelo tsa eona li behetse batho ba lilemo tse fapaneng eng?
Ke mabaka afe a etsang hore boemo ba khatello ea mali bo eketsehe, kapa ho fapana le seo, 'me ho fetoha ha maemo joalo ho ama bophelo ba motho joang? Re tla leka ho araba lipotso tsena le tse ling tsa bohlokoa ka taba ena. Mme re tla qala ka kakaretso, empa lintlha tsa bohlokoa haholo.
Norma AD: masea ho fihlela selemo
Moalo o nang le methapo e metenya ea letsoho le marang-rang a li-capillaries ke menahano e kholo ea hore masea a na le khatello e tlase ea mali ho feta batsoali ba bona. Ho lesea le sa tsoa hlaha, matšoao a khatello ke 60-96 / 40-50 mm Hg. Art. Ka ho matlafatsoa ha molumo oa marako, khatello ea mali le eona ea hola; qetellong ea selemo sa pele, e tloha ho 80/40 ho isa ho 112/74 mm Hg. Art., Ho nka boima ba lesea.
Haeba ho se na datha ea khatello ea mali ho bana ho leng haufi (ntho e tloaelehileng e tafoleng), o ka sebelisa lipalo bakeng sa kemiso: 76 + 2 n, moo n ke lilemo tsa ngoana ho likhoeli tse ngata. Bakeng sa masea a macha, bophara ba kamore ea cuff ea bana ke 3 cm, bakeng sa masea a tsofetseng - cm 5. Ts'ebetso e phetoa makhetlo a 3, e lebisa ho sephetho se fokolang. Ho masea, ke feela khatello ea mali ea systolic e hlahlojoang, e khethiloeng ke palpation.
Norma AD: lesea le lilemo li 2-3
Kamora selemo, kholo ea khatello ea mali e ea fokotseha. Ka lilemo tse 2-3, khatello e phahameng e phahameng e maemong a 100-112 mm RT. Art., Tlase - 60-74 mm Hg Khatello ea mali e ka nkuoa e phahame ho feta e tloaelehileng haeba sephetho se tšosang se phehella libeke tse 3. Mokhoa oa ho hlakisa tloaelo: khatello ea mali ea systolic - (90 + 2n), diastolic - (60 + n), moo n ke palo ea lilemo tse felletseng.
Norma AD: ngoana ea lilemo li 3-5
Ho ithuta ka litekanyetso tsa tafole, ho bonolo ho elelloa hore ho tloha ho lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho 5, matla a matla a khatello ea mali a fokotseha butle. Khatello ea mali ea Systolic ho bana ba joalo ke 100-116 mm Hg. Art., Diastolic - 60-76 mm RT. Art. Re lokela ho hopola hore lintlha tsa tonometer ha li tsamaellane letsatsi lohle: ka nako ea mots'eare ba fihla ka bongata, ka ho oa bosiu le ka mor'a khitla, ho fihlela lihora tse 5, ba bonyane.
Norma AD: bana ba sekolo ba lilemo li 6-9
Ho tsoa ho data ea tabular ho hlakile hore matšoao a bonyane ba khatello a bolokoa maemong a bona a fetileng, li-paramente tse phahameng feela li eketsoa hanyane. Tloaelo ea lilemo ke 100-122 / 60-78 mm Hg. Art.
Qalo ea bophelo ba sekolo e khetholloa ke ho kheloha, ha mokhoa oa bophelo oa ngoana o ntse o fetoha. Kamora khatello ea maikutlo e sa tloaelehang, ho ikoetlisa ho fokolisang 'mele, bana ba tletleba ka ho tepella, ho opeloa ke hlooho,' me ho bohloko haholo. Ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko boemo ba ngoana nakong ena.
Norma HELL: ea lilemo li 10-12
Nako ea pele ea ho kena bohlankaneng e tšoauoa ka liphetoho lipakeng tsa khatello ea mali. Ka tekanyo e kholo, sena se sebetsa ho banana ba ka pele ho thobalano e matla mabapi le kholo ea 'mele.
Le ha ho na le khatello ea mali e tloaelehileng ho tloha 110/70 ho isa ho 126/82 mm RT. Art., Lingaka li nka moeli o kaholimo o le o tloaelehileng - 120 mm. Hg. Art. Letšoao lena le boetse le ipapisitse le mofuta oa 'mele: li-asthenics tse telele le tse tšesaane hangata li ba le khatello e tlase ha li bapisoa le lithaka tsa mofuta oa moatlelete.
Tloaelo ea khatello ea mali ho bashanyana le banana ba lilemo tse 12-15
Nako ea phetoho e hlahisa lintho tse ngata tse makatsang ho bacha le ho batsoali ba bona. Meroalo e phahameng sekolong, lihora tse sebelisoang k'homphieutheng, khatello ea maikutlo, litekanyetso tse sa tsitsang tsa li-hormone li ka baka khatello ea mali le khatello ea maikutlo.
Ka tloaelo, khatello ho bana e bontšoa tafoleng haufi le litekanyetso tsa batho ba baholo: 110-70 / 136-86 mm Hg. Art., Kaha a le lilemo li 12 tsamaiso ea methapo e se e ntse e phethela sebopeho sa eona. Ka marotholi, tachycardia, ho akheha, liphetoho lebelong la pelo, hlooho e bohloko le ho tsekela ho ka etsahala.
Ha motho a ntse a tsofala, hangata o kula a sa tsamaee ka sepheo sa ho khetha litlamorao tse mpe, 'me tlhahlobo e tla ba molemo.
Mathata a khatello a theoha ho bana
Lingaka li na le mohopolo - litho tse reriloeng. Lena ke lebitso la litho tse utloang bohloko qalong. Ka tloaelo ho na le mathata a tsoang lehlakoreng la pelo (lefu la coronary, myocardial infarction), mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo ea kelello, bokong (stroke), ts'abo ea litho tsa pono ho fihlela bofofu, ho se sebetse hantle ke masapo. Kotsi ke hore khatello ea methapo ea mali ho bana hangata e le lefutso.
Ngoana, haholo-holo e nyane, ha a tletlebe ka ho phela hantle. Matšoao a arohaneng a hlaha hore batsoali ba tlameha ho a ela hloko. Bongata ba tsona li tšoana le boemo ba khatello ea mali ho batho ba baholo.
- Ho opeloa ke hlooho
- Nosebleeds
- Ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa,
- Bofokoli, mokhathala,
- Lipontšo tsa Neurological: ho tsitsipana, pherese, ho holofala,
- Ho Fokotsa Kelello, P
- Phetoho.
Haeba ngoana a akhehile, ruri o lokela ho mo bontša ngaka ea bana. Ngaka e tla u fetisetsa ho setsebi bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng.
Hypertension ea methapo ea kutlo e na le karolo ea lefutso: haeba lelapa le na le khatello ea mali, khatello ea mali ea ngoana e lokela ho beoa nako le nako, hobane 45-60% ea bona e na le lefutso le boima. E le hore ngoana a be le khatello ea maikutlo, ho hlokahala hore ho be le tšusumetso ea ho fetola lintlha: khatello ea maikutlo, lijo tse se nang phepo e ntle, ho se ikoetlise 'meleng, lipapali tse ngata.
Haeba beng ka eena ba e-na le phallo e matla ea maikutlo, khatello e tlase ea mali e ka ba ntho e tloaelehileng ho ngoana. Khatello ea mali e tlase e ka fetoha, ka mohlala, har'a baatlelete kapa ba eang libakeng tse phahameng. Khetho ena e kanna ea ba mokhelo, hobane matšoao a khatello e tlase a ka bua le bofokoli ba pelo, myocarditis, mathata a endocrine (mathata a qoqotho, ho haella ha adrenal ho amana le khatello e tlase).
Mokhoa oa ho fetolela khatello ea mali ho bana
Khatello e phahameng ea mali e bonoa ho 13% ea bana. Sena se bakoa ke mojaro o sa lekaneng mokokotlong oa pelo, molumo o phahameng oa kutlo, vasospasm. Khetholla pakeng tsa khatello ea methapo ea mantlha le ea bobeli. Sebopeho sa pele se bakoa ke liphetoho litla-morao tsa lihormone, khatello e matla kelellong ea ngoana, ho se robale, ho tlala haholo k'homphieutheng kapa karolong ea lipapali, likhohlano le lithaka. Ntle le lisosa tsa kantle, ho boetse ho na le lintlha tse patehileng: ho se sebetse hantle ha pelo le a renal, mathata ka sistimi ea endocrine.
Hypertension ea bobeli e baka mafu a tebileng a liphio, pelo, endocrine le tsamaiso ea methapo, ho tahoa, ho lemala ha hlooho. Sebakeng sa mathata a joalo, li-pathologies tse tšabehang li bua leshano: hlahala ea pituitary, e fokotsang methapo ea methapo ea kutlo, adrenal neoplasms, lefu la masapo a pelo, bofokoli ba pelo, encephalitis.
Hypotension ho bana ke mmele le pathological. 10% ea bana ba le khatello e tlase. Litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa 'mele e ka ba lefutso (molao oa motheo oa' mele, tšekamelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho hypotension), le mabaka a leholimo a kantle (a oksijene, maemo a leholimo a leholimo le ho se sebetse hantle). Pathological hypotension provots:
- Mafu a tšoaetsanoang
- Bronchitis, tonsillitis e nang le mathata,
- Mathata le khatello ea kelello,
- Ho imetsa mmele haholo kapa ho ba sieo ha bona ka botlalo,
- Beriberi, anemia,
- Bohloko ba pelehi, allergy,
- Lefu la tsoekere
- Mathata a qoqotho
- Ho nyekeloa ke pelo.
Ho fetofatsa khatello ea mali ho bana ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo, hoa hlokahala ho laola boholo ba mokelikeli o sebelisitsoeng, ho lokisa tloaelo ea letsoai, o ka sebelisa tee, kofi, echinacea, sefate sa China sa mofuta oa magnolia, pantocrine le leseli la Eleutherococcus. Theha mokhoa oa ho phomola le ho ithuta.
Mekhoa ea khatello ea mali ho bana ke mohopolo o amanang. Haeba ngoana a tšoenyehile, tonometer e ka bonts'a sephetho se tebileng. Maemong ana, o hloka ho lekanya khatello hape. Sephetho sa litekanyo tse tharo ho isa ho tse 5, e tla ba sepheo. Bakeng sa ngoana ea phetseng hantle, ha ho na tlhoko ea tekanyo ea khatello ea mali khafetsa, empa haeba ngoana a kula, a fihla sepetlele, khatello e tlameha ho laoloa, ho bohlokoa hore o be le bukana e khethehileng.
Ho ikoetlisa khafetsa ho ntlafatsa phallo ea mali le ho fokotsa khatello ea mali. Tloong le koetliso ea bana e monate, e qete ka mokhoa o bapalang, 'me leoatle le nang le maikutlo a matle le netefalitsoe.
Khatello ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo bo botle ba ngoana, empa ha e bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Kahoo mo etse ntle le ho qhekella. HELL ke ntho e fapaneng e ka fetohang mots'eare, ho latela mohopolo le ts'ebetso ea mmele. Ntho ea bohlokoa ke hore ngoana a phele hantle 'me a se ke a fana ka lebaka la ho beha khatello ea mali khafetsa.
Mokhoa oa ho lekanya khatello ea mali ho ngoana
E le hore matšoao a ho tonometer a tšepahale, ho bohlokoa ho latela melao e 'maloa e bonolo:
- Mealo e etsoa hoseng, ngoana o lokela ho ba maemong a khutsitseng.
- Haeba matšoao a nooa ka nako e 'ngoe ea letsatsi, sena se lokela ho etsoa ka hora e le ngoe ka mor'a ho tsamaea kapa ho ja.
- Pele ho ts'ebetso, ho molemo ho isa ngoana ka ntloaneng.
- Bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse peli ba lekanyetsoa maemong a phahameng; bana ba baholo ba ka lula.
- Letsoho le ntseng le lokisetsoa litekanyetso ha lea lokela ho leketla. E lokela ho beoa ka ho tšoana le 'mele tafoleng e lehlakoreng,' me bokaholimo bo phahame.
- Bakeng sa masea, a sebelisa cuff e nyane e khethehileng; ha a bala khatello ea mali, bacha le bona ba tla sebelisa e tloaelehileng.
- Cuff e behiloe molikong mme e lekantsoe ho latela litaelo tsa tonometer.
- Mealo e lokela ho etsoa makhetlo a 2-3 ka karohano ea metsotso e 5-7.
- Bakeng sa lekhetlo la pele ho bana, khatello ea mali e lekantsoe matsohong a mabeli, nakong e tlang, litekanyo li lokela ho etsoa letsohong moo matšoao a neng a phahame haholo.
Barekanyi ba khatello ea methapo ea mali ka bohona kapa ba ikemetseng ba lekanya khatello ea methapo ka boithatelo ebe ba fana ka sephetho sa ho qetela. Haeba ho sebelisoa sesebelisoa sa mochini, ho hlokahala phonendoscope e eketsehileng, eo ba mamelang qalong ea pulsation e le mothapong le pheletsong ea eona. Linomoro tse lumellanang le lintlha tsena li tla nkoa e le matšoao a khatello ea mali. Litekanyetso tsa khatello ea mali baneng li hlahlojoa khahlano le tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoeng, 'me haeba ho na le liphapang, ho etsoa lithuto tse hlokahalang.
Ts'oaetso
Ho tseba li-pathologies tse lebisang phetohong ea khatello ea mali, ngaka e hloka ho ba le tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng mabapi le matšoao. Ho etsa sena, ho khothalletsoa ho lekola khatello ea mali makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi ka matsatsi a 'maloa. Ebe ngaka e etsa tlhahlobo ea 'm'a le ngoana, eo ka nako eo a tla fumana mofuta oa litletlebo, nako ea kemaro, nako ea tsoalo le lefutso la lelapa.
HABOHLOKOA HO TSEBA! Ha u sa phefumoloha, ho opeloa ke hlooho, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoao a mang a HYPERTENSION! Fumana mokhoa oo babali ba rona ba o sebelisang ho phekola khatello. Ithute mokhoa oo.
Ntle le moo, ho tla hlokahala lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng. Ngoana o fuoa litaelo bakeng sa:
- tlhatlhobo ea fundus
- electrocardiogram
- bongo rheoencephalography,
- Liteko tsa mali ka kakaretso le tsa biochemical,
- Hlahlobo ea mali ea venous ea mali,
- ho buisana le ngaka ea lefu la pelo, ngaka ea methapo, lingaka tsa endocrinologist le litsebi tse ling haeba ho hlokahala.
Maemong a rarahaneng le ho feta, ho ka hlokahala hore ho be le pelo le liphihlelo tse ling tsa kahare, e leng bokong ba kelello le lithuto tse ling haeba li bontšitsoe.
Ho kheloha tloaelo, lisosa tsa bona le kalafo
Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, eng kapa eng e ka ba sesosa sa phetoho ea matšoao a khatello. Haeba ngoana a e-na le khatello ea mali ea methapo, o lokela ho tseba hore ke ea mantlha le ea bobeli. Ntho ea mantlha hangata e hlaha khahlano le semelo sa kantle ho maikutlo: ho sithabela maikutlong, ho tlala 'mele, lintho tse ling tse amang boemo ba ngoana. Leha ho le joalo, kamora hore 'mele o phomole, matšoao a khatello a boetse a latela litekanyetso.
Ka khatello ea mali e phahameng, ho kheloha ho ka phehella ho fihlela matsatsi a 'maloa, e leng ho bonts'a ho ba teng hoa mafu a fapaneng. E ka ba methapo ea methapo, pelo, botenya, mathata ka tsamaiso ea endocrine, khaello ea mali, mafu a tšoaetsanoang.
Mabaka a khatello a eketseha
Lintho tse amang keketseho ea khatello li kenyelletsa ho ikoetlisa ka ho feteletseng, khatello ea maikutlo le lefutso. Phepo e se nang phepo e ntle e ka tlatsetsa phetohong ea matšoao: ho ja ho feta tekano, lijo tse sa tloaelehang kapa lijo tse fokolang haholo, hammoho le lijo tse nang le sodium e ngata. Ho eketsa 'mele haholo hangata ho lebisa ho eketseha ha khatello ea mali.
Ha ho kgothaletswe hore ngoana a ikemele a eketsehe kapa a theole khatello ea mali. Ho se tsebe ho bala le ho ngola ho ka lebisa ho mathata le ho mpefatsa boemo ba lesea. Haeba lintlha tsohle tse kaholimo li le sieo, ngoana o phomotse, 'me litheko tse phahameng li phehella lihora tse ngata kapa matsatsi, o lokela ho bona ngaka ho tseba bothata.
Haeba sesosa sa khatello e phahameng ea mali e ne e le tokiso ea li-hormone ea 'mele bongoaneng, joale sena ha se tšose' me ha nako e ntse e ea ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e tla khutlela ho tloaelehileng. Empa haeba li-pathologies tse lebisang ho qhomeleng khatello ea mali li fumanoe 'meleng, kalafo e nang le bokhoni e tla hlokahala,' me ho nka khato molemong ona ho ka ba kotsi le bophelong ba ngoana.
Pheko ea khatello e phahameng ea mali ho bana
Phekolo ea khatello e phahameng ea mali ho ngoana e qala haeba lefu le fumanoe, le lebisang ho khelohileng ho joalo. Phekolo ea matšoao tabeng ena ha e fane ka phello e tšoarellang. Haeba sesosa e le methapo ea methapo ea methapo kapa methapo e kenang methapong ea methapo, ngoana o hloka kalafo e matlafatsang. Mohlomong ho khethoa ha "Elenium", "Seduxen." U tla hloka le ho etsa hore boemo bo fetohe. Hoa hlokahala ho beha nako bakeng sa ho tsamaea letsatsi le leng le le leng moeeng o mocha, hammoho le boikoetliso ba 'mele. Hoa khoneha ho hohela ngoana ho lipapali tse fapaneng, empa e le hore mojaro o eketseha butle butle.
Haeba keketseho ea khatello e le thoko - e sa amaneng le pathologies efe kapa efe, joale kalafo e nang le beta-blockers e hlokahala. Khafetsa ho ngotsoe "Inderal", "Obzidan." Hape, bakeng sa kalafo ea khatello e phahameng ea mali, ho khonahala ho sebelisa Reserpine kapa Rauvazan. Litekanyetso tsa lithethefatsi li khethoa ka thoko maemong ka bomong. Ho ipapisitse le boemo ba ngoana le matšoao ho tonometer. Mohlomong ho khethoa ha lithethefatsi tsa diuretic: "Hypothiazide", "Veroshpiron."
Lisosa tsa hypotension
Haeba khatello ea mali ho ngoana e theohela ka tlase ho 100/60, ba bua ka nts'etsopele ea hypotension (hypterension hypotension). Sehlopha se ikhethileng sa maemo ana ke bana ba sekolo. Hangata, boemo bona bo fumanoa ho banana. Leha ho le joalo, ho fapoha ha khatello ea mali ho tloha ho tloaelehileng ho ea lehlakoreng le lenyenyane ho ka bonoa ho bana ba sa tsoa hlaha. Hangata hona ho amana le mathata a ho hola kahare ho intrauterine, ts'oaetso e fapaneng kapa matsalo a pelehi.
Lisosa tse tloaelehileng tsa khatello e tlase ea mali li nkuoa ke lingaka:
- tsoalo ea tlhaho e futsitsoeng, menyetla ea ho ba le hypotension boemong bona e ka fihla ho 80%,
- tlhekefetso ea tlhaho ea tlhaho, likotsi tsa pelehi, ho phahamisa ho sa lekanyetsoang le ho sa lekana ha fonte,
- Liphetoho maemong a lihormone nakong ea bongoaneng,
- ho thothomela khafetsa kelellong le maikutlong, meroalo e mengata ea koetliso,
- mafu a sa foleng a tsamaiso ea matšoafo le litho tsa ENT,
- ho ikoetlisa ka tlase haholo
- Lijo, khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng, khaello ea vithamine.
Maloetse a fapa-fapaneng le mabaka a bohloko a ka baka hypotension. Tsena li kenyeletsa:
- mathata a metabolic,
- pathology ea endocrine system,
- mathata a tsamaiso ea tšilo
- ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng hantle ea tšoelesa ea senya
- sepheo sa lefu la tsoekere kapa boteng ba lona,
- likotsi tse mpe tsa kelello
- mafu a methapo ea pelo,
- ho sithabela maikutlo ho tsamaeang le tahlehelo ea mali,
- khaello ea tšepe
- lefu la liphio
- kotsi ea letsoele.
Phekolo ea Hypotension
Khatello e tlase hangata e tsamaisana le hlooho ea hlooho mme batsoali, ba leka ho fokotsa boemo ba ngoana, ba mo fa analgesics. Tsena ke liketso tse sa nepahalang, hobane ntle le tlhahlobo ea mali, ts'ebeliso ea li-painkillers e hlakotsoe. Lithethefatsi tsena li ka koala lefu lena le ho thatafatsa ho tsebahala ha lefu lena.
Ho bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 10, ha ho khothalletsoe ho lokisa khatello e tlase ea mali ka mokhoa oa phekolo. Ho fokotsa maemo a ho omella le ho kokobetsa bohloko, o ka mo kopa hore a noe kofi ea kofi e fokolang (ea tlhaho) ka lebese. Chokolete e chesang le tee e ntšo e ntšo le tsona li ka eketsa khatello ea mali.
Ho tloha ho lilemo tse 11-12, hypotension e phekoloa ka lithethefatsi tse khethehileng tseo ngaka e tla fana ka tsona. Khafetsa ea tsamaiso le lethalamo le lona le lokela ho tšohloa le ngaka, 'me u ke ke ua li fetola ka mokhoa o ikhethileng. Hangata ho sebelisoa ha bana bakeng sa kalafo ea maemo a joalo ho sebelisoa:
Batho ba baholo ba nang le mathata a hlooho hangata ba nka Chitramon. Ho thibetsoe ka thata ho e fa bana, hobane ho ekelletsa ho caffeine tokisetsong ena, acid e acetylsalicylic ke eona ntho e sebetsang. E khothalletsa ho fokotseha ha mali, ho ka lebisang mathateng. Meriana e nang le caffeine ha e sebelisoe haeba ngoana a na le khatello e tlase ea mali e tsamaeang le pulse e potlakileng.
Batsoali ba ka thusa joang?
Ho fokotsa maemo a ngoana ka khatello ea khafetsa le e telele a theoha kapa a theoha mme matšoao a tsamaeang le ona, ho tlameha ho etsoa:
- leka ho fetola maemo a kelello sekolong le ho theha moea o monate bakeng sa lesea ka tlung,
- hlokomela tloaelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi e lekanang le lilemo tsa ngoana, ho hlophisa hantle mafelo-beke le nako ea ho phomola,
- thibela ho shebella lipapali tsa TV le tsa khomphutha,
- eketsa ho ikoetlisa, ho latela boemo ba mokuli e monyane, o ka kenella ho sesa, ho palama lipere,
- hoa hlokahala ho hlophisa ho tsamaea letsatsi le leng le le leng moeeng o mocha bakeng sa bonyane lihora tse 2 ho tloha litseleng tse kholo le libakeng tse ling tse nang le moea o silafetseng.
- khatello ea kelello le eona e lokela ho qheleloa ka thoko, mohlomong ho tlohela mekhahlelo e meng kapa litlelase le mokoetlisi,
- fa ngoana lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng, hlophisa lijo tse 4-5 ka letsatsi, ho kenyelletsa le bonyane ligrama tse 300 tsa meroho le litholoana,
- ka khatello e eketsehang, o lokela ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea letsoai, linoko, linoko le lihlahisoa tse mpe,
- ka khatello e tlase ea mali, ho hlokahala ho eketsa lihlahisoa tse nang le calcium ho lijo: lebese, kefir, chisi ea mokotla,
- ho hlokahala moriri oa molora.
Ho bohlokoa hape ho bua ka phello ea nikotine le joala ho matšoao a khatello. Ka hona, taolo ea hlokahala bakeng sa bacha bao, ba lekang ho hlahella e le batho ba baholo, ba qalang ho kenella linthong tsena.
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Khatello ea mali e holimo le e tlase ke eng?
Mali kapa arterial (morao mona HELL - Hona ke khatello ea mali maboteng a methapo ea mali. Ka mantsoe a mang, bona ke khatello ea mokelikeli oa potoloho ea mali o fetang khatello ea sepakapaka, eo ka nako e "khatello" e sebetsang ho tsohle tse lefatšeng, ho kenyelletsa le batho. Limilimithara tsa mercury (hona joale mmHg) ke karolo ea tekanyo ea khatello ea mali.
Mefuta e latelang ea khatello ea mali e khetholloa:
- qabelle kapa peloe hlahang ka har'a methapo ea pelo e rarahaneng. Karolong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea pelo, ho hlahisoa matšoao a ikhethang a fapaneng, a fapaneng ho latela mokokotlo oa pelo, le litšobotsi tsa 'mele.
- venous e bohareng(e khutsufalitsoe e le CVP), i.e. khatello ea mali ea atrium e nepahetseng, e amanang ka kotloloho le palo ea ho khutla ha mali a pelo ho ea pelong. Indices tsa CVP li bohlokoa haholo ho khetholla mafu a itseng,
- capillary Ke bongata bo tšoaeang boemo ba khatello ea mali ho capillaries ho ipapisitsoe le botebo ba bokaholimo le tsitsipano ea eona,
- khatello ea mali - Ena ke ntlha ea pele ebile mohlomong e bohlokoa ka ho fetesisa, ho ithuta moo setsebi se etsang qeto ea hore na tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho potoloha e sebetsa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng kapa haeba ho na le litšitiso. Boleng ba khatello ea mali bo supa bophahamo ba mali bo pomang pelo bakeng sa karolo e itseng ea nako. Ntle le moo, "paramente" ena e bontša ho hola ha bethe ea methapo.
Kaha ke pelo e matla a ho khannang (mofuta oa pompo) ea mali 'meleng oa motho, matšoao a khatello ea mali a phahameng a tlalehiloe kantle ho mali ho tsoa pelong, e leng ho tsoa mpeng ea hae e ka letsohong le letšehali. Ha mali a kena methapong ea methapo, boemo ba khatello bo theoha, ho "li-capillaries" bo fokotseha le ho feta, 'me bo ba bonyenyane methapong, esita le monyakong oa pelo, i.e. ka atrium e nepahetseng.
Matšoao a mararo a ka sehloohong a khatello ea mali a nkiloe hloko:
- sekhahla sa pelo (pelo e khutsitseng) kapa ho otla ha motho,
- systolic, i.e. khatello e holimo
- diastolic, i.e. tlase.
Khatello e phahameng le e tlase ea motho e bolela'ng?
Matšoao a khatello e holimo le e tlase, ke eng hape a susumetsa? Ha li-ventricle tsa letsoho le letona le le letšehali la konteraka ea pelo (i.e., ho otla ha pelo e ntse e tsoela pele), mali a tšolleloa karolong ea systole (sethala sa mesifa ea pelo) ka aorta.
Letšoao mohatong ona le bitsoa systolic mme e ngotsoe pele, ke. ha e le hantle, ke nomoro ea pele. Ka lebaka lena, khatello ea systolic e bitsoa e holimo. Boleng bona bo susumetsoa ke khatello ea methapo, hammoho le maqhubu a matla a pelo.
Karolong ea diastole, i.e. nakong ea lipakeng tsa li-contraction (systole phase), ha pelo e le boemong ba phomolo 'me e tletse mali, boleng ba khatello ea mali ea diastolic kapa bo tlase bo tlalehiloe. Boleng bona bo itšetleha feela ka ho hanyetsoa ha methapo.
Ha re akaretse tsohle tse kaholimo ka mohlala o bonolo. Hoa tsebahala hore 120/70 kapa 120/80 ke matšoao a BP a phetseng hantle a motho ea phetseng hantle ("joalo ka linohe tsa linaleli"), moo nomoro ea pele ea 120 ke khatello e holimo kapa ea systolic, mme 70 kapa 80 khatello ea diastolic kapa e tlase.
Litekanyetso tsa khatello ea motho ka lilemo
Ka 'nete, ha re sa le banyenyane' me re phetse hantle, ka seoelo ha re na taba le khatello ea mali. Re ikutloa re lokile, ka hona ha ho na lebaka la ho tšoenyeha. Empa, 'mele oa motho oa tsofala ebile oa tsofala. Ka bomalimabe, ona ke ts'ebetso ea tlhaho ka botlalo ho tloha ntlheng ea pono ea physiology, e sa amang feela ponahalo ea letlalo la motho, empa le litho tsohle tsa hae tsa ka hare le litsamaiso, ho kenyeletsa khatello ea mali.
Joale, khatello e tloaelehileng ea mali e lokela ho ba eng ho motho e moholo le ho bana? Litšobotsi tse amanang le lilemo li ama khatello ea mali joang? Mme ke nakong efe eo ho loketseng hore u qale ho laola letšoao lee la bohlokoa?
Taba ea ho qala, o supa hore letšoao le joalo ka khatello ea mali le ipapisitse le lintlha tse ngata (boemo ba maikutlo ba motho ba kelello, nako ea letsatsi, ho nka meriana, lijo kapa lino, joalo-joalo).
Lingaka tsa sejoale-joale li ela hloko litafole tsohle tse neng li kopantsoe esale pele ka maemo a khatello ea mali a lekantsoeng le lilemo tsa mokuli. Taba ke hore lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li buella mokhoa oa motho ka mong boemong bo bong le bo bong. E le molao o akaretsang, khatello e tloaelehileng ea mali ho motho e moholo oa lilemo life kapa life, 'me ha e na taba ho banna kapa basali, ha ea lokela ho feta monyako oa 140/90 mm Hg. Art.
Sena se bolela hore haeba motho a le lilemo li 30 kapa lilemo tse 50-60, matšoao a le 130/80, ha a na mathata a mosebetsi oa pelo. Haeba khatello e phahameng kapa ea systolic e feta 140/90 mmHg, ebe motho eo o fumanoa tsa khalekhatello ea mali. Phekolo ea lithethefatsi e etsoa joalo ka ha khatello ea mokuli "e theoha haholo" bakeng sa matšoao a 160/90 mm Hg.
Ha khatello e phahame ho motho, matšoao a latelang a bonoa:
- mokhathala,
- tinnitus,
- ho ruruha ha maoto
- ho tsekela,
- mathata a pono
- ts'ebetso e fokotsehile
- nosebleeds.
Ho latela lipalo-palo, khatello e phahameng ea mali e fumanoa hangata ho basali, 'me e tlaase - ho batho ba baholo ba batona kapa ba batona. Ha khatello ea mali e tlase kapa ea diastolic e theohela ka tlase ho 110/65 mm Hg, joale liphetoho tse ke keng tsa fetoloa lithong tsa kahare le lisele li etsahala, ha phallo ea mali e mpefala, 'me ka lebaka leo, mmele o tletse ka oksijene.
Haeba khatello ea hau e bolokiloe ho 80 ho isa ho 50mm Hg, ka nako eo o lokela ho batla thuso ho setsebi hang-hang. Khatello ea mali e tlase e tlase e lebisa ho bolaeeng ha moea oa oksijene, e amang 'mele oohle oa motho ka botlalo. Boemo bona bo kotsi joaloka khatello e phahameng ea mali. Ho lumeloa hore khatello ea motho ea diastoli e tloaelehileng ea lilemo tse 60 le ho feta ha ea lokela ho feta 85-89 mm Hg. Art.
Ho seng joalo, ea hlaha hypotension kapa vesttovascular dystonia. Ka khatello e fokotsehileng, matšoao a kang:
- bofokoli ba mesifa
- hlooho e bohloko,
- ho fifala mahlong
- ho hema hanyane,
- lethargy
- mokhathala,
- photosensitivityhammoho le ho hloka botsitso ke melumo e phahameng,
- maikutlo thabo le ho bata maotong.
Lisosa tsa khatello e tlase ea mali e ka ba:
- maemo a sithabetsang
- maemo a leholimo, joalo ka sepakbola kapa mocheso o fetohang,
- mokhathala ka lebaka la mojaro o mongata,
- ho hloka boroko ho sa feleng,
- karabelo
- lithethefatsi tse ling, tse kang moriana oa pelo kapa oa bohloko lithibela-mafu kapa antispasmodics.
Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mehlala ha batho ho pholletsa le bophelo ba phela ka khutso ka khatello e tlase ea mali ea 50 mm Hg. Art. , mohlala, baatlelete ba mehleng, bao mesifa ea bona ea pelo e haelloang haholo ka lebaka la ho ikoetlisa khafetsa 'meleng, ba ikutloa ba le matla. Ke kahoo ho motho ka mong ho ka bang le matšoao a bona a tloaelehileng a BP, moo a ikutloang a le moholo mme a phela bophelo bo felletseng.
E phahameng khatello ea diastolice bonts'a ho ba teng ha mafu a liphio, tšoelesa ea qoqotho kapa tšoelesa ea adrenal.
Keketseho ea boemo ba khatello e ka bakoa ke mabaka a kang:
- ho nona haholo
- khatello ea maikutlo
- atherosulinosisle mafu a mang,
- ho tsuba le mekhoa e meng e mebe,
- lefu la tsoekere,
- lijo tse sa leka-lekanang
- bophelo bo sa sisinyeheng
- maemo a leholimo a fetoha.
Ntlha e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa mabapi le khatello ea mali ea motho. Ho tseba hantle mats'oao ohle a mararo (khatello e holimo le e tlase), o hloka ho latela melao e bonolo ea litekanyo. Taba ea pele, nako e nepahetseng ea ho lekanya khatello ea mali ke hoseng. Ho feta moo, tonometer e lokela ho beoa boemong ba pelo, ka hona tekanyo e tla ba e nepahetseng haholo.
Taba ea bobeli, khatello e ka "tlola" ka lebaka la phetoho e matla ea ho ema ha 'mele oa motho. Ke ka lebaka leo ho hlokahalang ho e lekanya kamora ho tsoha, ntle le ho robala. Letsoho le nang le cuff ea tonometer le lokela ho otloloha le ho ema. Ho seng joalo, matšoao a fanoeng ke sesebelisoa a tla nepahala.
Hoa hlokomeleha hore phapang pakeng tsa matšoao matsohong ka bobeli ha ea lokela ho ba 5 mm. Boemo bo nepahetseng ke ha datha li sa fapana ho latela hore na khatello ea letsohong le letona kapa le letšehali e lekantsoe. Haeba matšoao a fapana ka 10 mm, kotsi ea kholo e ka ba teng atherosulinosis, 'me phapang ea 15-20 mm e bonts'a ho se tšoanelehe kholisong ea methapo ea mali kapa eastenosis.
Litekanyetso tsa khatello ke eng ho motho, tafoleng
Hape, tafole e kaholimo le litloaelo tsa khatello ea mali ka lilemo ke ts'upiso feela. Khatello ea mali ha e fetohe khafetsa ebile e ka feto-fetoha ho latela lintlha tse ngata.
Lilemo tsa lilemo | Khatello (pontšo e nyane), mm Hg | Khatello (karolelano), mmHg | Khatello (sekhahla se phahameng), mmHg |
Ho fihlela selemo | 75/50 | 90/60 | 100/75 |
1-5 | 80/55 | 95/65 | 110/79 |
6-13 | 90/60 | 105/70 | 115/80 |
14-19 | 105/73 | 117/77 | 120/81 |
20-24 | 108/75 | 120/79 | 132/83 |
25-29 | 109/76 | 121/80 | 133/84 |
30-34 | 110/77 | 122/81 | 134/85 |
35-39 | 111/78 | 123/82 | 135/86 |
40-44 | 112/79 | 125/83 | 137/87 |
45-49 | 115/80 | 127/84 | 139/88 |
50-54 | 116/81 | 129/85 | 142/89 |
55-59 | 118/82 | 131/86 | 144/90 |
60-64 | 121/83 | 134/87 | 147/91 |
Tafole ea khatello
Ntle le moo, mekhatlong e meng ea bakuli, mohlala, basali baimanaeo mmele oa hae, ho kenyeletsa le potoloho ea potoloho, e fetohang ka liphetoho tse ngata nakong ea ho beleha ngoana, matšoao a ka fapana, mme sena se ke ke sa nkuoa e le kheloho e kotsi. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka tataiso, litloaelo tsena tsa khatello ea mali ho batho ba baholo li ka ba molemo ho bapisa matšoao a bona le lipalo tse arohaneng.
Lethathamo la khatello ea mali ho bana ka lilemo
Ha re bue haholo ka bana khatello ea mali. Ho qala pele, o bolela hore litabeng tsa bongaka, litekanyetso tsa khatello ea mali tse arohaneng li kenngoa ho bana ba lilemo tse 0 ho isa ho tse 10, ho i.e. ho tloha ho lilemo tse 11 le ho feta. Sena se bakoa haholo ke sebopeho sa pelo ea ngoana ka lilemo tse fapaneng, hammoho le liphetoho tse bang teng semelong sa lihormone tse etsahalang nakong ea bongoaneng.
Ho bohlokoa ho totobatsa hore khatello ea mali ea bana e tla ba phahame ho feta ngoana ea moholo, hona ho bakoa ke ho phahama ho hoholo ha methapo ea mali ho bana ba sa tsoa hlaha le ba likonyana. Leha ho le joalo, ka lilemo, eseng feela ho phahama ha likepe ho fetoha, empa le likarolo tse ling tsa tsamaiso ea pelo, mohlala, bophara ba manonyeletso le methapo ea methapo, sebaka sa marang-rang a "capillary", joalo-joalo, se amanang le khatello ea mali.
Ntle le moo, eseng feela tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo (sebopeho le meeli ea pelo ho bana, ho phahama ha methapo ea mali), empa hape le boteng ba methapo ea kholo ea tsoalo (eseng litšobotsi tsa tsamaiso ea pelo) li susumetsa li-indices tsa khatello ea mali (lefu la pelo) le boemo ba methapo ea kutlo.
Mongoaha | Khatello ea mali (mmHg) | |||
Systolic | Diastolic | |||
mets | max | mets | max | |
Ho fihlela libeke tse peli | 60 | 96 | 40 | 50 |
Libeke tse 2-4 | 80 | 112 | 40 | 74 |
Likhoeli tse 2-12 | 90 | 112 | 50 | 74 |
Lilemo tse 2-3 | 100 | 112 | 60 | 74 |
Lilemo tse 3-5 | 100 | 116 | 60 | 76 |
Lilemo tse 6-9 | 100 | 122 | 60 | 78 |
Lilemo tse 10-12 | 110 | 126 | 70 | 82 |
Lilemo tse 13-15 | 110 | 136 | 70 | 86 |
Khatello e tloaelehileng ea mali bakeng sa batho ba lilemo tse fapaneng
Joalokaha ho ka bonoa tafoleng bakeng sa masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa, tloaelo (60-96 ka 40-50 mm Hg) e nkoa e le khatello e tlase ea mali ha e bapisoa le botsofali. Sena se bakoa ke marang-rang a teteaneng a li-capillaries le li-elasticity tse phahameng tsa methapo.
Qetellong ea selemo sa pele sa bophelo ba ngoana, matšoao a (90-112 ka 50-74 mm Hg) a eketseha haholo ka lebaka la nts'etsopele ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo (molumo oa mabota a methapo a hola) le setho sohle. Leha ho le joalo, kamora selemo, kholo ea matšoao e fokotseha haholo mme khatello ea mali e nkuoa e le ntho e tloaelehileng boemong ba 100-112 ho 60-74 mm Hg. Matšoao ana a nyoloha butle ka lilemo tse 5 ho ea ho 100-116 ka 60-76 mm Hg.
Mabapi le khatello efe e tloaelehileng ea ngoana ea lilemo li 9 le ho feta o tšoenyeha batsoali ba bangata ba bana ba sekolo sa mathomo. Ha ngoana a kena sekolo, bophelo ba hae bo fetoha haholo - ho na le meroalo le mesebetsi e mengata, le nako e fokolang ea mahala. Ka hona, mmele oa ngoana o fetoha ka tsela e fapaneng phetohong e potlakileng joalo ea bophelo bo tloaelehileng.
Ka molao, lipontšo khatello ea mali ho bana ba lilemo tse 6 - 9, ba fapana hanyane le nako ea lilemo tse fetileng, feela meeli e lumellehang e atoloha (100- 122 ka 60-78 mm Hg). Lingaka tsa bongaka li hlokomelisa batsoali hore lilemong tsena, khatello ea mali ho bana e ka kheloha tloaelo ka lebaka la khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo e amanang le ho kena sekolo.
Ha ho na lebaka la ho tšoenyeha haeba ngoana a ntse a phela hantle.Leha ho le joalo, haeba u hlokomela hore mora oa hau e monyane oa sekolo o khathetse haholo, hangata o tletleba ka hlooho, a otsela ebile a se na moea, joale ke ketsahalo ea ho ba hlokolosi le ho hlahloba matšoao a khatello ea mali.
Khatello e tloaelehileng ho mocha
Tumellanong le tafole, khatello ea mali e tloaelehile ho bana ba lilemo tse 10-16, haeba matšoao a eona a sa feteng 110- 136 ka 70-86 mm Hg. Ho lumeloa hore seo ho thoeng ke "lilemo tsa phetoho" se qala ha a le lilemo li 12. Batsoali ba bangata ba tšaba nako ena, hobane ngoana ea tsoang ho ngoana ea lerato le ea mamelang a susumetsoa ke lihormone a ka fetoha mocha ea sa tsitsang maikutlong, ea amang maikutlo le ea marabele.
Ka bomalimabe, nako ena e kotsi eseng feela ka phetoho e matla ea maikutlo, empa le ka liphetoho tse etsahalang 'meleng oa bana. Lihormone, tse hlahisoang ka bongata bo boholo, li ama lits'ebetso tsohle tsa bohlokoa tsa motho, ho kenyelletsa le tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo.
Ka hona, matšoao a khatello ea lilemong tsa bocha a ka kheloha hanyane ka hanyane ho latela litekanyetso tse kaholimo. Mantsoe a bohlokoa polelong ena ha a na bohlokoa. Sena se bolela hore maemong a ha mocha a ikutloa a le mobe 'me a e-na le matšoao a khatello ea mali e phahameng kapa e tlase sefahlehong sa hae, o hloka ho potlakela ho ikopanya le setsebi se tla hlahloba ngoana le ho fana ka kalafo e loketseng.
'Mele o phetseng hantle oa fetoha' me o itokisetsa ho ba motho e moholo. Ha a le lilemo li 13-15, khatello ea mali e tla emisa ho “tlola” 'me e khutlele ho tloaelehileng. Leha ho le joalo, boteng ba liphapang le maloetse a mang, ho hlokahala phetoho ea bongaka le phetoho ea lithethefatsi.
Khatello ea mali e phahameng e ka ba letšoao:
- khatello ea kelello ea methapo (140/90 mmHg), eo, ntle le kalafo e nepahetseng e ka lebisang ho matla khatello ea maikutlo,
- matšoao a khatello ea mali, e tšoantšang mafu a lijana tsa liphio le maqhubu a litšoelesa tsa adrenal,
- limela-vascular dystonia, lefu le tšoauoang ka ho theoha ha khatello ea mali ka bongata ba limilimithara tse 1,9 / 90 Hg,
- khatello ea mali e tlase e ka nyoloha ka lebaka la pathologies mosebetsing oa liphio (stenosis, glomerulonephritis, atherosulinosis , tlhekefetso e tsoetseng pele),
- khatello e phahameng ea mali e nyoloha ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle ha tsamaiso ea pelo le lefu la pelo, hammoho le bakuliphokolo ea mali.
Haeba khatello ea mali e le tlase, ho na le monyetla oa ho ba le:
- hypotension,
- myocardial infarction,
- limela-vascular dystonia,
- phokolo ea mali,
- myocardiopathies,
- hypothyroidism,
- adrenal cortex ho haella,
- mafu a tsamaiso ea hypothalamic-pituitary.
Ho bohlokoa haholo ho laola boemo ba khatello ea mali ea hau, mme eseng feela ka lilemo tse 40 kapa kamora mashome a mahlano. Tonometer, joalo ka thermometer, e lokela ho ba ka har'a khabinete ea meriana ea lapeng ea mang kapa mang ea batlang ho phela bophelo bo phetseng hantle le bo khotsofatsang. Qeta metsotso e mehlano ea nako ea hau molemong oa mokhoa oa ho lekanyakhatello ea mali eseng ka thata, empa mmele oa hau o tla u leboha haholo ka seo.
Khatello ea pelo ke eng?
Joalokaha re boletse kaholimo, ho tlatselletsa khatello ea mali ea systolic le diastolic, ho otla ha motho ho nkoa e le sesupo sa bohlokoa sa ho lekola ts'ebetso ea pelo. Sena ke eng khatello ea pelo mme pontsho ee e bontshang?
Kahoo, hoa tsebahala hore khatello e tloaelehileng ea motho ea phetseng hantle e lokela ho ba kahare ho 120/80, moo palo ea pele e le khatello e holimo, 'me ea bobeli e le tlase.
Joale mona khatello ea pelo - ona ke phapano lipakeng tsa matšoao systolic le khatello ea diastolic, i.e. holimo le tlase.
Khatello ea pulse hangata ke 40 mmHg. ka lebaka la letšoao lena, ngaka e ka fihlela qeto ka boemo ba methapo ea mali ea mokuli, hape le ho khetha:
- tekanyo ea ho senyeha ha marako a arohaneng,
- Patency ea phallo ea mali le elasticity ea tsona,
- boemo ba myocardium, hammoho le li-valve tsa aortic,
- ntshetsopele stenosis,sclerosis, hammoho le mekhoa ea ho ruruha.
Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore tloaelo kekhatello ea pelolekana le 35 mm Hg le lintlha tse 10 kapa tse latelang - 40 mmHg. Boleng ba khatello ea pulse bo fapana ho latela lilemo tsa motho eo, le boemo ba hae ba bophelo bo botle. Ntle le moo, lintlha tse ling, tse kang maemo a leholimo kapa boemo ba maikutlo, le tsona li susumetsa boleng ba khatello ea pulse.
Khatello e tlase ea pulse (ka tlase ho 30 mm Hg), moo motho a ka lemalang, o ikutloa a fokola haholo, hlooho e bohloko, ho otsela le ho tsekela e bua ka nts'etsopele:
- limela-vascular dystonia,
- aortic stenosis,
- Hypovolemic makala,
- phokolo ea mali,
- sclerosis ea pelo,
- ho ruruha
- lefu la ischemic.
E tlase khatello ea pelo - Hona ke mofuta oa pontšo e tsoang 'meleng ea hore pelo ha e sebetse hantle, e leng, e "pompo" mali, e isang ho bolaeng tlala ea litho tsa rona le lisele tsa rona. Ho joalo, ha ho na lebaka la ho tšoha haeba ho theoha ha letšoao lena ho ne ho se na 'ngoe, leha ho le joalo, ha e ba teng hangata, tlhokahalo e potlakileng ea ho nka khato le ho batla thuso ea bongaka.
Khatello e phahameng ea pulse, hammoho le tlaase, e ka bakoa ke ho kheloha ha nakoana, mohlala, boemo bo sithabetsang kapa ho ikoetlisa ho eketsehileng, le nts'etsopele ea methapo ea methapo ea pelo.
E eketsehile khatello ea pelo(ho feta 60 mm Hg) e bonoa le:
Tekanyo ea pelo ka lilemo
Letšoao le leng la bohlokoa la ts'ebetso ea pelo le nkoa e le sekhahla sa pelo ho batho ba baholo, le ho bana. Ho latela pono ea bongaka pulse - Tsena ke ho fetoha ha maemo maboteng a khale, ho potoloha ha tsona ho latela mokokotlo oa pelo. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, pulse ke ho otla ha pelo kapa ho otla ha pelo.
Pulse ke e 'ngoe ea liemahale tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tseo lingaka li tsebahatsang boemo ba pelo ba mokuli. Tekanyo ea pelo e lekantsoe ka li-beats ka motsotso mme ho latela, e le molao, lilemong tsa motho. Ntle le moo, lintlha tse ling li ama ho otla, ka mohlala, botebo ba ho ikoetlisa kapa boemo ba motho ba maikutlo.
Motho e mong le e mong a ka lekanya sekhahla sa pelo ea hae a le mong, hobane sena se hloka feela ho bona motsotso o le mong ka oache mme o utloe ha o otla letsohong. Pelo e sebetsa hantle ha motho a e-na le moea o phollatsi, hangata le teng o otla ka makhetlo a 60-90 ka motsotso.
Mongoaha | Sekhahla sa pelo | Boleng ba karolelano | Tloaelo ea khatello ea methapo (systolic, diastolic) | |
Basali | Banna | |||
Ho fihlela lilemo tse 50 | 60-80 | 70 | 116-137/70-85 | 123-135/76-83 |
50-60 | 65-85 | 75 | 140/80 | 142/85 |
60-80 | 70-90 | 80 | 144-159/85 | 142/80-85 |
Khatello le sekhahla sa pelo ka lilemo, tafole
Ho lumeloa hore pulse ea motho ea phetseng hantle (i.e., ntle le lefu le sa foleng) ea ka tlase ho lilemo tse 50 ha ea lokela ho feta ho otla ha 70 ka motsotso ka kakaretso. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le li-nuances tse ling, ka mohlala, ho basali kamora lilemo tse 40, neng ho khaotsa ho ilela khoelie ka bonoa tachycardia, i.e. ho phahama ha pelo mme sena e tla ba se fapaneng.
Ntho ke hore e khopisa ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli nalane ea boemo ba 'mele ea mosali e fetoha. Ho feto-fetoha ha lihormone joalo ka estrogen ha e ame sekhahla sa pelo feela, empa e ama le matšoao khatello ea mali, e ka boela ea kheloha ho litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng.
Ka hona, ho ruruha ha mosali ea lilemo li 30 le kamora 50 ho tla fapana eseng feela ka lebaka la lilemo, empa hape ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa sistimi ea kemolo. Basali bohle ba lokela ho nahana ka sena e le hore ba tšoenyehe ka bophelo bo botle ba bona esale pele mme ba hlokomele liphetoho tse tlang.
Tekanyo ea pelo e ka fetoha eseng feela ka lebaka la bokuli bofe kapa bofe, empa hape, ka mohlala, ka lebaka la bohloko bo boholo kapa mokhathala o matla oa 'mele, ka lebaka la mocheso kapa maemong a sithabetsang. Ntle le moo, ho otla ka kotloloho ho latela nako ea letsatsi. Bosiu, nakong ea boroko, khafetsa ea eona ea fokotseha, 'me ka mor'a ho tsoha, ea eketseha.
Ha sekhahla sa pelo se feta se tloaelehileng, joale sena se bontša nts'etsopele tachycardiaBoloetse bo atisang ho bakoa ke:
- sebetse hantle tsamaisong ea methapo,
- endocrine pathologies,
- tloaelo e mpe kapa e entsoeng hampe ea tsamaiso ea pelo le pelo,
- hampekapabenign neoplasms,
- mafu a tšoaetsanoang.
Nakong ea ea boimana tachycardia e ka hlaha kamorao phokolo ea mali. Ho chefo ea lijo morao ho hlatsa kapa e matla lets'olloha mmele o haelloa ke metsi, ho eketseha ho hoholo ha sekhahla sa pelo le hona ho ka hlaha. Ho bohlokoa ho hopola hore ho hula ka potlako ho ka supa nts'etsopele ea ho hloka pelo ha tachycardia (Tekanyo ea pelo ea li-beats tse fetang 100 ka motsotso) e hlaha ka lebaka la ho ikoetlisa hanyane ka hanyane.
Se fapaneng tachycardia ntho e bitsoang bradycardia ke boemo boo sekhahla sa pelo se theohelang ka tlase ho 60 habete ka motsotso. Ts'ebetso bradycardia (i.e., boemo bo tloaelehileng ba 'mele) bo tloaetse batho nakong ea boroko, hammoho le bakeng sa baatlelete ba hloahloa bao' mele oa bona o ikoetlisang ka linako tsohle le bao tsamaiso ea bona ea pelo e sebetsang ka tsela e fapaneng ho feta ho batho ba tloaelehileng.
Tse amanang le tlhaho, i.e. Bradycardia, e kotsi bakeng sa 'mele oa motho, e ikemiselitse:
Ho boetse ho na le ntho e kang bradycardia lithethefatsi, sesosa sa nts'etsopele ea eona ke ho ja meriana e itseng.
Mongoaha | Pulse | Khatello ea mali, mmHg | |
boholo | bonyane | ||
Bacha | 140 | 70 | 34 |
Likhoeli tse 1-12 | 120 | 90 | 39 |
Lilemo tse 1-2 | 112 | 97 | 45 |
Lilemo tse 3-4 | 105 | 93 | 58 |
Lilemo tse 5-6 | 94 | 98 | 60 |
Lilemo tse 7-8 | 84 | 99 | 64 |
9-12 | 75 | 105 | 70 |
13-15 | 72 | 117 | 73 |
16-18 | 67 | 120 | 75 |
Lethathamo la litekanyetso tsa sekhahla sa pelo ho bana ka lilemo
Joalokaha ho ka bonoa tafoleng e kaholimo ea litekanyetso tsa pelo ho bana ka lilemo, litekanyetso tsa pelo li theoha ha ngoana a hola. Empa ka lipontšo khatello ea malisetšoantšo se fapaneng se bonoa, kaha bona, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ba eketseha ha motho a ntse a tsofala.
Ho fokotseha ha sekhahla sa pelo baneng ho ka bakoa ke:
- ho ikoetlisa
- boemo ba maikutlo,
- mosebetsi o mongata
- mafu a pelo, endocrine kapa tsamaiso ea ho hema,
- lintlha tsa kantle, mohlala, maemo a leholimo (a boreleli haholo, a chesang, a qhomang khatello ea leholimo).