Mefuta ea li-hormone tsa pancreatic le karolo ea tsona 'meleng oa motho

Makhopho ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ea tšilo ea lijo ea motho. Ke mofani oa mantlha oa li-enzyme, ntle le tsona ho ke ke ha khoneha ho cheka liproteine ​​ka botlalo, mafura le lik'habohaedreite. Empa ho lokolloa ha lero la pancreatic ha ho felle feela ka ts'ebetso ea eona. Mefuta e ikhethileng ea tšoelesa ke lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans, tse etsang tšebetso ea endocrine, li fumana insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, polypeptide ea pancreatic, gastrin le ghrelin. Li-hormone tsa "pancreatic" li kenella mefuteng eohle ea metabolism, tlolo ea tlhahiso ea bona e lebisa nts'etsopele ea mafu a tebileng.

Pancreas endocrine

Lisele tsa "pancreatic" tse kopanyang lintho tse sebetsang ka li-hormone li bitsoa insulocytes. Li fumaneha ka tšepe ka lihlopha, lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans. Kakaretso ea lihlekehleke tsena ke 2% feela ea boima ba setho. Ka sebopeho, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea insulocytes: alpha, beta, delta, PP le epsilon. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa sele o khona ho theha le ho boloka mofuta o itseng oa lihormone.

Makhopho a 'mele a hlahisa li-hormone life?

Lethathamo la li-hormone tsa pancreatic le atile. Tse ling li hlalositsoe ka botlalo, athe thepa ea ba bang ha e so ithutoe ka ho lekana. Ea pele ke insulin, e nkoang e le hormone e ithutoang haholo. Baemeli ba lintho tse sebetsang tsa bioloji, ba ithutileng ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang, ba kenyelletsa polypeptide ea pancreatic.

Lisele tse khethehileng (lisele tsa beta) tsa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans tsa manyeme li etsa mochini oa peptide o bitsoang insulin. Ponahalo ea ts'ebetso ea insulin e pharaletse, empa sepheo sa eona sa mantlha ke ho theola boemo ba tsoekere maling ka plasma ea mali. Kameho ea metabolism ea carbohydrate e lemohuoa ka lebaka la bokhoni ba insulin:

  • nolofalletsa phallo ea tsoekere ka seleng ka ho phahamisa sekhahla sa lisele,
  • ho tsosa tsoekere e nkiloeng ke lisele,
  • kenya letsoho ho theheng glycogen ka har'a sebete le mesifa ea mesifa, e leng eona mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho boloka glucose,
  • hatella ts'ebetso ea glycogenolysis - ho phatloha ha glycogen ho tsoekere,
  • inhibit gluconeogeneis - motsoako oa tsoekere e tsoang liprotheine le mafura.

Empa eseng feela metabolism ea carbohydrate ke sebaka seo ts'ebetso ea li-hormone e sebetsang ho sona. Insulin e khona ho susumetsa metabolism ea mafura le:

  • tshusumetso ea motsoako oa li-triglycerides le mafura acid,
  • Ho thusa phallo ea tsoekere ho adipocytes (lisele tsa mafura),
  • ts'ebetso ea lipogenesis - motsoako oa mafura a tsoang tsoekere.
  • inhibition of lipolysis - ho phatloha ha mafura,
  • thibelo ea lits'ebetso tsa ho senya protein,
  • eketsa leqhubu la litho tsa lisele tsa amino acid,
  • tshusumetso ea motsoako oa liprotheine.

Insulin e fana ka lithane ka mehloli ea matla e ka bang teng. Phello ea eona ea anabolic e lebisa ho eketseho ea depo ea protheine le lipids ka seleng mme e khetholle karolo ho molao oa kholo le kholo. Ntle le moo, insulin e ama metabolism ea metsi a letsoai: e nolofalletsa tšebeliso ea potasiamo ka har'a sebete le mesifa, hape e thusa ho boloka metsi 'meleng.

Khothatso e ka sehloohong bakeng sa ho thehwa le ho ipatela insulin ke ho eketseha ha maemo a tsoekere ea serum. Lihormone li boetse li lebisa ho keketseho ea motsoako oa insulin:

  • cholecystokinin,
  • glucagon,
  • glucose-insulinotropic polypeptide
  • estrogens
  • corticotropin.

Ho hlōloa ha lisele tsa beta ho lebisa ho haellang kapa ho haella ha insulin - mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere oa hlaha. Ntle le ts'oaetso ea lefutso, tšoaetso ea vaerase, litlamorao tse sithabetsang le liphoso tsa phepo e nepahetseng li bapala karolo ea ho hlaha ha mofuta ona oa lefu lena. Ho loants'oa ha "insulin" (immune immune immune hormone) ho tlasa mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere.

Peptide e hlahisoang ke lisele tsa alpha tsa li-isanc tsa pancreatic e bitsoa glucagon. Kameho ea eona ho 'mele oa motho e fapana le insulin mme e kenyelletsa likhahla tsa tsoekere ea mali. Mosebetsi o moholo ke ho boloka boemo ba glucose bo tsitsitseng pakeng tsa lijo, bo etsoang ke:

  • ho phatloha ha glycogen ka har'a sebete ho glucose,
  • tsoekere e tsoang liprotheine le mafura,
  • ho thibela ts'ebetso ea likhaba tsa tsoekere,
  • ho hlohlelletsa ho fokola hoa mafura,
  • sebopeho sa 'mele oa ketone ho tsoa ho mafura acid ho lisele tsa sebete.

Glucagon e eketsa ho fokola ha mesifa ea pelo ntle le ho ama thabo ea eona. Phello ke keketseho ea khatello, matla le sekhahla sa pelo. Maemong a sithabetsang le nakong ea ho ikoetlisa ka matla, glucagon e nolofalletsa ho kena ha mesifa ea marapo ho li-polokelo tsa matla le ho ntlafatsa phepelo ea mali a bona ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea pelo.

Glucagon e susumetsa ho lokolloa ha insulin. Tabeng ea khaello ea insulin, litaba tsa glucagon li lula li eketseha.

Somatostatin

Hormone ea peptide somatostatin e hlahisoang ke lisele tsa delta tsa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans e teng ka sebopeho sa mefuta e 'meli e sebetsang. E thibela ho kopana ha lihormone tse ngata, li-neurotransmitters le li-peptide.

Hormone, peptide, enzyme eo motsoako oa eona o fokotsehileng

Gland ea boemo bo holimo

Gastrin, secretin, pepsin, cholecystokinin, serotonin

"Insulin", "glucagon", "peptide" ea "mala" e phelisang, "peptide" ea "pancreatic" "

Factor ea 1 ea Insulin

Somatostatin, ho ekelletsa moo, e fokotsa ho kenngoa ha tsoekere ka mpeng, e fokotsa secretion ea hydrochloric acid, gastric motility le secretion ea bile. Tsela eo somatostatin e eketsehang ka eona e na le tsoekere e ngata, amino acid le mafura acid maling.

Gastrin ke hormone ea peptide, ntle le manyeme, e hlahisoa ke lisele tsa mucosa ea gastric. Ka palo ea li-amino acid tse kenyellelitsoeng ho sebopeho sa eona, mefuta e 'maloa ea gastrin e khetholle: gastrin-14, gastrin-17, gastrin-34. Makhopho a letlalo a sephiri a sebetsa hangata haholo. Gastrin e kenella karolong ea gastric ea tšilo ea lijo 'me e baka maemo a karolo e latelang ea mala ka:

  • secretion e eketsehileng ea hydrochloric acid,
  • hlohlelletsa tlhahiso ea enzyme ea protheine - pepsin,
  • e buellang ho lokolloa ha li-bicarbonate le mucus ka mokokotlo o ka hare oa mpa,
  • ho eketseha hoa matla ka mpeng le mala,
  • tsosa ea secretion ea mala, li-pancreatic li-hormone le li-enzyme,
  • eketsa phepelo ea mali le ho kenya tšebetsong tsosoloso ea mucosa ea ka mpeng.

E hlohlelletsa tlhahiso ea gastrin, e anngoeng ke phallo ea gastric nakong ea lijo, lihlahisoa tsa tšilo ea liprotheine, joala, kofi, peptide e lokollang gastrin e hlahisitsoeng ke methapo ea methapo leboteng la mpa. Boemo ba gastrin bo eketseha le Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (sesosa sa lisebelisoa tsa makhopho a mokokotlo), khatello ea maikutlo, e sebelisa lithethefatsi tse seng khahlanong le ts'oaetso tsa mali.

Karolo ea gastrin e ikemiselitse ho khethollo e ikhethang ea lefu la peptic ulcer le lefu la Addison-Birmer. Lefu lena le boetse le bitsoa anemia e kotsi. Ho eena, hematopoiesis le matšoao a khaello ea mali ha a bakoe ke khaello ea tšepe, e atileng ho feta, empa ke ho haelloa ke vithamine B12 le folic acid.

Ghrelin e hlahisoa ke lisele tsa pancreatic epsilon le lisele tse ikhethileng tsa mucosa ea gastric. Hormone e baka tlala. E sebetsana le litsi tsa boko, e tsosa sephiri sa neuropeptide Y, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho tsosa takatso ea lijo. The mahlaseli a ghrelin pele lijo li eketseha, mme kamora - ea fokotseha. Mesebetsi ea ghrelin e fapane:

  • e tsosa secretion ea kholo ea kholo - kholo ea kholo,
  • e ntlafatsa sesafu le ho lokisa mokhoa oa ho silila lijo,
  • e eketsa contractility ea mala,
  • e laola tšebetso ea lekunutu ea manyeme,
  • e eketsa boemo ba tsoekere, lipids le cholesterol maling,
  • laola boima ba 'mele
  • e phahamisa kutloisiso mabapi le monko oa lijo.

Ghrelin o hokahanya litlhoko tsa 'mele' me o nka karolo taolong ea boemo ba psyche: maemo a sithabetsang le a sithabetsang a eketsa takatso ea lijo. Ntle le moo, e na le phello mohopolong, bokhoni ba ho ithuta, ho robala le ho tsoha. Mefuta ea Ghrelin e eketseha ka tlala, boima ba 'mele, lijo tse nang le khalori e fokolang le ho fokotseha ha tsoekere ea mali. Ka botenya, mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere, ho fokotseha hoa moea o mongata oa ghrelin ho tsebahala.

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Pancreatic polypeptide ke sehlahisoa sa mofuta oa lisele tsa pancreatic PP. Ke ea batsamaisi ba tsamaiso ea lijo. Ketso ea "pancreatic polypeptide" ea tšilo ea lijo e ka tsela e latelang:

  • e thibela mosebetsi oa pancreatic oa boiketlo,
  • e fokotsa tlhahiso ea li-enzyme tsa pancreatic,
  • e fokolisa mohopolo oa nyooko,
  • inhibits gluconeogenesis ka har'a sebete,
  • e ntlafatsa ho eketseha ha lera la mucous la mala a manyane.

Secretion ea pancreatic polypeptide e thusa ho ja lijo tse nang le protheine e ngata, ho itima lijo, ho ikoetlisa, ho theoha ka matla tsoekere ea mali. Somatostatin le tsoekere e sebelisoang kahare e fokotsa bongata ba polypeptide e lokollotsoeng.

Ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea 'mele e hloka hore mosebetsi o kopanetsoeng oa litho tsohle tsa endocrine. Mafu a amanang le pancreatic le a fumanehang a lebisa ho secretion ea ho senyeha ea lihormone tsa pancreatic. Ho utloisisa karolo ea bona tsamaisong ea melao ea neurohumoral ho thusa ho rarolla mesebetsi ea ho hlahloba le ho phekola ka katleho.

Re u fa hore u shebelle video ka sehlooho sa sengoloa.

Vaso-Interior Peptide

Ntle le lisele tsa pancreatic, hormone ea bosali (VIP) e hlahisoa ka mucous ea mucous ea mala le bokong (bokong le lesapo la mokokotlo). Ke lintho tse fapaneng tse tsoang sehlopheng sa sephiri. Ho na le VIP e nyane maling, ho ja hoo e ka bang ha ho fetole boemo ba eona. Hormone e laola mesebetsi ea tšilo ebe e li ama:

  • e ntlafatsa phallo ea mali ka popelong ea mala,
  • e thibela tlhahiso ea hydrochloric acid ka lisele tsa parietal,
  • e buella ho lokolloa ha pepsinogen ke lisele tse ka sehloohong tsa mpa,
  • eketsa tlhahiso ea enzymes ea pancreatic,
  • susumetsang secretion ea bile,
  • e thibela ho kenngoa ha mokelikeli mokokotlong oa mala a manyane,
  • e na le phello ea boikhathollo mesifa ea esophagus sphincter, e bakang sebopeho sa reflux esophagitis,
  • e potlakisa sebopeho sa li-hormone tsa mantlha tsa manyeme - insulin, glucagon, somatostatin.

Lipocaine, kallikrein, vagotonin

Lipocaine e thatafatsa metabolism ea lipid liseleng tsa sebete, e thibelang ponahalo ea ho fokola hoa mafura ho eona. Mochine oa ketso ea ona o ipapisitse le ts'ebetso ea metabolism ea phospholipid le oxidation ea mafura acid, e matlafatsang tšusumetso ea likhomphutha tse ling tsa lipotropic - methionine, choline.

Kallikrein e hlophisitsoe ka lisele tsa pancreatic, empa ho fetoloa hoa enzyme ena ho ba mmuso o sebetsang ho hlaha ho lumen ea duodenum. Kamora moo, o qala ho hlahisa tlhahiso ea hae ea tlhaho:

  • antihypertensive (low low khatello ea mali),
  • hypoglycemic.

Vagotonin e ka ama hematopoiesis, e boloka boemo bo tloaelehileng ba glycemia.

Centropnein le gastrin

Centropnein - sesebelisoa se sebetsang sa ho loants'a hypoxia:

  • e ka thusa ho potlakisa sebopeho sa oxyhemoglobin (motswako oa oksijene le hemoglobin),
  • e holisa bophara ba bronchi,
  • e thabisa bohareng ba phefumoloho.

Gastrin, ntle le manyeme, e ka pateloa ke lisele tsa mucosa ea gastric. Ke e 'ngoe ea lihormase tsa bohlokoa tse bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tšilo ea lijo. O khona ho:

  • eketsa secretion ea lero la gastric,
  • qala ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea pepsin (enzyme e senyang liprotheine),
  • ho ntshetsa pele tekanyo e kholo le ho eketsa secretion ea lintho tse ling tse sebetsang tsa lihormone (somatostatin, sephiri).

Bohlokoa ba Mesebetsi ea Hormone

Setho se lumellanang sa RAS Moprofesa E.S. Severin o ithutile biochemistry, physiology le pharmacology ea lits'ebetso tse etsahalang ka hara litho tsa 'mele tlas'a tšusumetso ea li-hormone tse fapaneng tse sebetsang. O khonne ho theha mofuta le ho ngola lihormone tse peli tsa adrenal cortex (adrenaline le norepinephrine) e amanang le metabolism ea mafura. Ho ile ha senoloa hore ba ka nka karolo ts'ebetsong ea lipolysis, ba baka hyperglycemia.

Ntle le manyeme, lihormone li hlahisoa ke litho tse ling. Tlhokahalo ea 'mele oa motho e ka bapisoa le phepo e nepahetseng le oksijene ka lebaka la ho pepesehela:

  • khōlong le ntlafatsong ea lisele le lisele,
  • phapanyetsano ea matla le metabolism,
  • taolo ea glycemia, li-macrocell le li-macrocell.

Ho haella kapa ho haelloa ke ntho leha e le efe ea lihormone ho baka hore ho be le lefu la ramatiki leo hangata ho leng thata ho le khetholla ebile ho thata le ho feta ho le phekola. Li-hormone tsa "pancreatic" li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea 'mele, kaha li laola hoo e batlang e le litho tsohle tsa bohlokoa.

Lithuto tsa laboratori tsa manyeme

Ho hlakisa lefu la makhopho a manyeme, mali, moroto le makhopho a hlahlobiloe:

  • liteko tsa kliniki ka kakaretso,
  • mali le tsoekere ea moroto
  • tlhahlobo ea biochemical bakeng sa qeto ea amylase - enzyme e theolang lik'habohaedreite.

Haeba ho hlokahala, ikemisetse:

  • matšoao a ts'ebetso ea sebete (bilirubin, transaminase, proteni e felletseng le likarolo tsa eona), alkaline phosphatase,
  • boemo ba cholesterol
  • stool elastase
  • haeba ho belaela hore ho na le tumor, antigen ea mofetše.

Tlhaloso e qaqileng haholoanyane ea tlhahlobo ena e etsoa kamora ho amohela karabelo ea liteko tsa ts'ebetso ho fihlela boteng bo patiloeng ba tsoekere maling, li-hormone.

Ntle le moo, tlhahlobo ea mali e ka khethoa, e fumaneng karabelo e ntle ea setsebi. Ke thuto ea tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa mamello ho lihlahisoa tse tsoang lijong tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, tseo hangata maemong a mangata e leng sesosa sa lefu la tsoekere, khatello ea mali le methapo ea methapo ea methapo.

Boholo ba lithuto tsena li u fa monyetla oa ho fumana kalafo ka botlalo le ho fana ka kalafo e felletseng.

Mafu a bakoang ke ho sitisoa ke mosebetsi

Tlas'a ts'ebetso ea "" "" "endocrine ts'ebetso ea manyeme e ba sesosa sa kholo ea mafu a mangata a tebileng, ho kenyeletsa le a tlhaho.

Ka hypofunction ea tšoelesa e amanang le tlhahiso ea insulin, ho fumanoa tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere e itšetlehileng ka insulin (mofuta oa pele) ho etsoa, ​​glucosuria, polyuria e etsahala. Hona ke lefu le kotsi le hlokang maemong a mangata ho sebelisoa ha kalafo ea insulin le meriana e meng. Hoa hlokahala hore kamehla u laele tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa tsoekere le ho fana ka litokisetso tsa insulin ka mokhoa o ikemetseng. Kajeno e tsoa liphoofolong tsa liphoofolo (ka lebaka la mokhoa o ts'oanang oa lik'hemik'hale, insulin e sebetsoa ka mokhoa o sebetsang - mmele o eketsehileng maemong a eona), insulin ea motho le eona e sebelisoa. E kenngoa ka mokhoa o sa ts'oaneng, mokuli o sebelisa syringe e khethehileng ea insulin, eo ho leng bonolo ho e sebelisa. Bakuli ba ka fumana moriana mahala mahala joalokaha ho laetsoe ke endocrinologist. Hape o tla thusa ho bala tekanyo ea phoso bakeng sa liphoso lijong le ho fana ka tlhahiso ea hore na ho sebelisoe li-insulin tse kae ntlheng ka 'ngoe, a rute ho sebelisa tafole e ikhethang e bonts'a litekanyetso tsa moriana tse hlokahalang.

Ka pancreatic hyperfunction:

  • khaello ea tsoekere ea mali
  • botenya ba li-degrees tse fapaneng.

Ho mosali, sesosa sa mathata a lihormone se amahanngoa le tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea lithibela-pelehi.

Haeba ho e-na le ho se sebetse hantle taolong ea glucagon 'meleng, ho na le monyetla oa ho ba le hlahala e mpe.

Ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke somatostatin, ngoana o tsoela pele ho ba bokhuts'oanyane (dwarfism). Nts'etsopele ea gigantism e amahanngoa le tlhahiso e phahameng ea li-hormone tsa kholo (kholo ea kholo) ho tsa bongoaneng. Maemong ana, motho e moholo o hlaha e le acromegaly - kholo e feteletseng ea likarolo tsa ho qetela tsa 'mele: matsoho, maoto, litsebe, nko.

Likahare tse phahameng tsa VIP 'meleng li baka tšilafalo ea methapo ea mafu: letšollo la sephiri le hlaha, le amanang le ho koaloa hoa metsi ka seleng kahara mala a manyane.

Ka nts'etsopele ea uvoma - ha tumello ea lisebelisoa tsa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans li ka bitsoa - secretion ea VIP e eketseha haholo, Werner-Morrison syndrome e ea hlaha. Setšoantšo sa kliniki se tšoana le ts'oaetso ea mala ea ka mpeng:

  • litulo tsa metsi khafetsa
  • ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha potasiamo,
  • achlorhydria.

Palo e kholo ea mokelikeli le li-electrolyte li lahlehile, ho felloa ke metsi ka potlako 'meleng hoa hlaha, ho nyahama hoa hlaha, ho tsitsipana hoa hlaha. Maemong a fetang 50%, linoha li na le tšoaetso e mpe ebile e na le tšoaetso e mpe. Phekolo ke ts'ebetso ea bongaka feela. Karolong ea Machaba ea Ts'oarelo ea Mafu ICD-10, linoha li kenyelelitsoe karolong ea endocrinology (e 16.8).

Ho monna, khatello e phahameng ea VIP e khethoa nakong ea moralo. Metsoako e makatsang ea li-VIP ka linako tse ling e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho se sebetse hantle ha tlhaho ea letsoalo, lefu la tsoekere le psychogenic.

Motsoako o phahameng oa gastrin o lebisa 'neteng ea hore mpa e qala ho utloa bohloko,' me ho hlaha leqeba la peptic la duodenum le mpeng.

Ho kheloha hanyane ka hofetisisa ha metsoako ea lihormone tsa manyeme ho ka utloisa mesebetsi ea setho sohle sa mmele. Ka hona, ho hlokahala ho hopola lintho tse peli tsa mesebetsi ea setho, ho phela bophelo bo phetseng hantle, ho tlohela mekhoa e mebe le ho boloka manyeme ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Meetso ea sebopeho


Makhopho ke karolo ea bohlokoahali e amanang le tsamaiso ea tšilo ea lijo, ho ekelletsa moo, ke tšoelesa e kholo ka ho fetisisa 'meleng oa motho.

Mmele oa hae o mopinki o khetholloa ke sebopeho se phahameng ebile se ka morao ho mpa, hammoho le haufi le duodenum ka kotloloho. Ho motho e moholo, bolelele ba mofets'e ke 13 cm cm, 'me bophara bo ka ba cm 3 ho isa ho 9. Mabapi le boima, le bona bo fapana, ka hona, boima bo fapana ho tloha ho 65 ho isa ho 80 g.

Ha e bapisoa le litho tse ling tsa ka hare, makhopho a khethollo ke litšobotsi tsa sebopeho sa ona, ka hona e na le:

Ntle le moo, sebopeho sa eona sa sebopeho se tšoana hantle le sebopeho sa alveolar-tubular, moo ho nang le:

  • Meroho.
  • Lijana.
  • Li-nodules (ganglia).
  • Sebopeho sa Lamellar.
  • Metsoako e metenya e nang le sebopeho se rarahaneng.

Ntle le moo, bakeng sa manyeme o na le bokhoni ba ho boloka secretion, le bokhoni ba ho hlahisa lihormone.

Mesebetsi ea sehlooho

Iron e arotsoe likarolo tse peli tse kholo, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona e etsa mosebetsi oa eona o boletsoeng ka hloko.

Exocrine - sistimi e rarahaneng e nang le li-ducts tse tlotsitsoeng tse kenang duodenum. E nka hoo e batlang e le sebaka sohle sa tšoelesa (96%), 'me mosebetsi oa eona oa mantlha ke ho hlahisa mokelikeli oa lero la lijo (lero la lero), o nang le li-enzyme tsohle tse hlokahalang, ntle le moo ho ke ke ha khoneha ho cheka lijo tse kenang, mohlala:

Mabapi le karolo ea endocrine, e na le lihlekehleke tsa "pancreatic" tse bitsoang "lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans." Lisele tsa Endocrine li fapana haholo le lisele tse ling tsa 'mele oa motho maemong a tsona a fisiks le morphological.

Lihlekehlekeng tsena, ho aroloa ha lihimo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho etsoa, ​​ntle le moo ho ke keng ha khoneha ho etsa liphetoho tse latelang tsa bophelo:

Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se boikarabello bohle ba kapele ba li-pancreas tsa endocrine. Lisele tsa eona li hlahisa lihormone tse latelang, tse sa hlokeng bohlokoa bo boholo bakeng sa setho sohle:

Lisele tse ka sehloohong tsa libaka tse islet (li-insulinocyte) ke tsa mefuta e fapaneng, ho latela hore na granules e na le mohlala, mohlala:

  • Lisele tsa alfa - li ikarabella bakeng sa motsoako oa glucagon.
  • Lisele tsa Beta - hlahisa insulin.
  • Lisele tsa Delta - hlahisa somatostatin.
  • Lisele tsa PP - kopanya polypeptide ea pancreatic.

Ho bohlokoa hape ho bua ka hormone ea bohlokoa joalo ka c-peptide, e sebetsang ka mafolofolo metabolism ea lik'habohaedreite hammoho le ho ba karolo ea molek'hule ea insulin.

Makhopho a etsa mesebetsi e mengata ea mantlha:

  1. Tlhahiso ea mokelikeli oa lijo.
  2. Sekhooa sa lijo tse tlang.
  3. Taolo ea tsoekere maling maling ka thuso ea insulin le glucagon.

Joale, li-pancreas li hlahisa li-hormone life, 'me boteng ba tsona bo ama boiketlo ba' mele joang? Ho lokela ho boleloa hore li-hormone tsohle tsa pancreatic li etsa mosebetsi o reriloeng feela. Boemo bo akaretsang ba bophelo bo botle ba motho bo tla itšetleha ka hore na bo kengoa ts'ebetsong hantle hakae.

Lihormone tsa bohlokoahali tsa tšoelesa le mesebetsi ea eona

Ke li-polypeptides ebile ke eona bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea li-pancreatic hormone ke eona feela ntho ea mofuta oa eona e ka fokotsang tsoekere ea mali. Makhopho a lero la 'mele a amohela "insulin" ea' mele ka "proinulin" ka ho fumana c-peptide.

Sebopeho sa eona se na le liketane tse peli tsa amino acid tse hokahantsoeng ke marokho a lik'hemik'hale. Insulin e bonoa hoo e batlang e le linthong tsohle tse phelang, e ile ea fumanoa le linthong tse tlase tse kang amoeba. Ntle le moo, bo-rasaense ba fumane hore insulin ho mebutlanyana le likolobe e tšoana hantle le e teng 'meleng oa motho.

Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa insulin ke ho laola tsoekere e maling e sebelisa mokhoa oa ho petsoha le ho kenella kahare liseleng le litho tsa motho. Potso ke hore, makhopho a hlahisa insulin e kae? Ho lokela ho boleloa hore ka karolelano li-milligram tse peli tsa insulin li hlahisoa ka letsatsi. Phallo ea eona e tloaelehileng mokelikeli oa mali ke 6-24 mcU / ml.

Insulin e thusa mesifa ea 'mele le lisele tsa mafura ho monya tsoekere ka nako' me e e fetola tsoekere ka nako e loketseng, ebe e haella ka har'a sebete le mesifa. Nakong ea ho haella ha tsoekere, e leng mokhoa o tloaelehileng le ho ikoetlisa ka matla, glycogen e sebelisetsoa litlhoko tsa 'mele.

Insulin e thibela ponahalo ea tsoekere maling, hape e thibela nts'etsopele ea liketsahalo tsa pathological tse kang glyconeogenesis le glycogenolysis. Hormone ea insulin e fokotsa menyetla ea ho senyeha ha mafura le ho thehoa ha 'mele oa ketone.

Hormone ena le eona ke polypeptide, 'me sebopeho sa eona se na le ketane e le' ngoe ea liamino acid. Mabapi le boikarabello ba hae ba mosebetsi, bo fapane ka ho felletseng le bo etsoang ke insulin.

Morero oa glucagon ke ho thusa 'mele ho senya lipids liseleng tsa mafura. Mosebetsi oa eona oa bobeli ke ho eketsa boteng ba glucose maling, e thehiloeng ka har'a sebete. Boleng bo tloaelehileng ba tsoekere ke 30-120 pg / ml.

Glucagon le insulin li laola le ho boloka tsoekere e tsitsitseng ea mali, ka ho etsa joalo e sirelletsa 'mele oa motho hore o se ke oa lekana. Glucagon e phahamisa phallo ea mali a renal e sebetsang, e lokisa boemo ba cholesterol, e eketsa matla a sebete a ho itlhophisa. Ntle le moo, e potlakisa ho ntšoa ha sodium 'meleng, ka tsela eo e fokotsa menyetla ea litlolo tse sa batleheng joalo ka ho ruruha ha lisele.

Taolo e fosahetseng ea hormone ena e halefisa ketsahalo ea lefu le sa tloaelehang, joalo ka glucagonoma.

Haeba ho leka-lekana ha li-hormone


Li-hormone tsa pancreatic ke lintho tsa bohlokoahali tsa lihorase tsohle, kahoo ho kheloha hanyane ka hofetisisa maemong a bona, ho ea ka lehlakoreng le lenyane le leholo, ho ka baka popeho ea li-pathologies tse matla.

Kahoo, ho fetella ha li-hormone tsa pancreatic ho ka baka:

  • Hyperglycemia ka boteng ba insulin haholo.
  • Li-pancreatic tumors tse nang le glucagon e eketsehileng.

Hoa khonahala ho tseba ho ba teng kapa ho ba sieo ha tlhekefetso tlhahisong ea li-pancreatic hormones feela kamora ho bonoa ke setsebi le tlhahlobo e tlang ka nako ea tlhahlobo ea mali le liteko tsa urine. Psychology ena ha e na matšoao a itseng, empa leka ho lekola kakaretso ea karabelo e joalo ea mmele oa hau joalo ka tloaelo:

  1. Molomo o omileng le lenyora le matla.
  2. Khafetsa ho ntša.
  3. Ho eketsa takatso ea lijo kapa tlala e sa feleng.
  4. Fetola matla a pono.

Joalokaha u bona, karolo ea li-hormone tsa "pancreatic" bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea 'mele oa motho e bohlokoa haholo, mme haeba ho e-na le pherekano mokhoeng oa bona, methapo e kholo ea methapo e qala ho ba teng, moo ho nang le lefu la tsoekere.

Qeto

Kajeno ho na le bopaki bo matla ba hore li-hormone tsohle tse hlahisoang ke makhopho ke a bohlokoa haholo molemong oa bophelo bohle ba motho. Ka hona, ba hloka taolo, hobane tlolo e nyane ho feta tekanyo le tlholeho ea bona e bonahatsoa ke mafu a fapaneng.

Bakeng sa ho qoba sena, o tlameha ho latela bophelo bo botle le phepo e nepahetseng.

  • Tšebeliso ea chelete ea monastery bakeng sa kalafo ea pancreatitis

U tla makala hore na lefu lena le fola kapele hakae. Hlokomela manyeme! Batho ba fetang 10,000 ba hlokometse ntlafatso e kholo maphelong a bona ka ho noha hoseng ...

Pseudocyst ea manyeme le likarolo tsa kalafo ea eona ke eng

Lingaka li hatisa hore thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e joalo e ka beha ts'okelo ho mokuli, empa ho hlokahala hore e e phekole, esita le e sa ikhathatse ho hang. Ntle le moo, boteng ba pseudo-cysts ke bomo ea nako

Matšoao le lisosa tsa ts'oaetso ea manyeme ka likokoana-hloko le ho felisoa hoa 'mele

Haeba u sa fetohele ho setsebi sa bongaka ka nako 'me u qale kalafo, sena se ka lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea pancreatitis, allergies, ho koala methapo ea mali, ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng ea litho tse ling le tahi e tebileng ea mmele

Pancreatic steatosis ke eng mme e kotsi hakae?

Litsebi ha li lumellane ka maikutlo a bona, steatosis ke lefu le sa pheleng, ka lebaka leo ts'epo ea ho tsosoa ka botlalo ea tšoelesa ha e khonehe. Ka hona, kalafo e reretsoe ho liehisa ts'ebetso e 'ngoe ea pathological

Lisosa tsa ho etsoa ha li-polyp ka manyeme le mekhoa ea kalafo ea bona

Ka tlhahlobo ea khafetsa ea bongaka le kalafo e tlang ka nako mohato oa bona oa pele, kholo ena e phekoloa ka botlalo, ntle le mathata le likarolo tse etsahalang khafetsa.

Moralo le mesebetsi

Makhopho ke karolo ea tšilo ea lijo, ka hona hoa hlokahala ho tseba sebopeho sa eona le mesebetsi ea eona. Hlooho ke sebaka se pharaletseng, se pota-potiloe ke lisele tsa duodenum 12. 'Mele oa manyeme o na le sefahleho sa ka ntle, sa sefahleho se tlase, se tlase. Mohatla o phahamisitsoeng o lebisoa kamorao ho lehlakoreng le letšehali. Bolelele ba setho ke ho tloha ho 16 ho isa ho 23 cm.

Letšoele la manyeme le etsa mesebetsi e 'meli bakeng sa' mele:

  1. Ts'ebetso ea kantle (exocrine) - e ikarabella bakeng sa ho lokolloa ha lero la tšilo ea lijo. Sebaka sena se thehoa ke bonngoe ba lisele lihlekehlekeng tsa Langerhans, moo ho hlahisoang metsoako ea mantlha ea lihormone.
  2. Morero oa ka hare (endocrine) - o tšoauoa ke ts'ebetso ea lihormone tse hlokahalang bakeng sa 'mele, o nka karolo ho nts'etsopele ea mafura, lik'habohaedreite, liprotheine.

Taba ea bohlokoa ke hore manyeme a hlahisa lihormone. Lihormone tsa pancreatic li ikarabella bakeng sa metsoako, ho ruisa le ho tsamaisa tsoekere ho tsoa liphoofolong.

Tšoaetso ea li-hormone tsa pancreatic

Li-hormone tsa "pancreatic" li nkoa e le karolo ea 'mele. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho tseba hore na li-pancreas li hlahisa lihormone life, sebopeho sa tsona, litlamorao ho lisele le litho.

Hormone ea pancreatic, insulin, e nka karolo haholo-holo linthong tsohle. Ts'ebetso ea hae ea bohlokoa e reretsoe ho theola tsoekere maling maling, karabelo e tsoela pele ka ho kenya tšebetsong ts'ebeliso ea tsoekere, ho monya ha eona ka mesifa le lisele. Ho feta moo, hormone ea pancreatic e laola metabolism ea lik'habohaedreite le mafura.

Ts'ebetso ea insulin e hlahisoa:

  • synthesis of lipocaine. O ikarabella bakeng sa thibelo le phetoho ea li-hepatocytes,
  • ts'ebetso ea phetoho ea lik'habohaedreite hore e be mafura, ka mor'a moo e behiloe.
  • fetola maemo a monosaccharides maling,
  • Ho fetola tsoekere ho mafura le ho boloka mehloli ea eona lithong,
  • tlhahiso e eketsehang ea li-tetracyclines.

Haeba ho sa khonehe hore manyeme a hlole mefuta e mengata e kopaneng, ho se sebetse hantle ho teng ka mokokotlong oa lihormone. Ka tlhahiso e tlase ea insulin e hlokahalang, ts'ebetso e ke keng ea fetoloa ea etsahala. Ho fokotseha ha secretion ea insulin ho tla baka lefu la tsoekere. Ka lefu lena, index ea tsoekere e nyoloha kaholimo ho 10 mmol / L, e isang mohloling oa eona oa ho ntša moroto, e lata limolek'hule tsa metsi tse tsoang khafetsa metsi a tsoang.

Tabeng ea tlhahiso e feteletseng ea insulin, tsoekere e eketseha, tsoekere e fokotseha, adrenaline e nyoloha.
Mochini oa ts'ebetso o etsoa libakeng tse latelang:

  1. Insulin e thusa ho thibela tsoekere ho tsoa liseleng tsa sebete.
  2. Ho eketsa tekanyo ea tsoekere ea tsoekere ka lisele.
  3. E kenya tšebetsong mosebetsi oa li-enzyme tse ts'ehetsang glycolysis, e leng oxidation ea limolek'hule tsa tsoekere ka ho ntšitsoeng ha limolek'hule tse peli tsa "pyruvic acid" ho eona.
  4. Ho phahamisa ho eketseha ha membrane ea sele.
  5. E eketsa lisebelisoa tsa glucose joalo ka glycogen, e kentsoeng liseleng tsa mesifa le sebete ka ho nka karolo ha phofo ea enzyme glucose-6-phosphate.
  6. Ketso ea insulin e emisa ho bola ha glucagon, e nang le phello e mpe ea insulin.

Sebaka se ka sehloohong sa motsoako oa glucogon ke lisele tsa lisebelisoa tsa sehlekehleke sa alpha tsa manyeme. Maemong ana, ho thehoa ha glucagon ka bongata bo boholo ho hlaha libakeng tse ling tsa mala le mala.

Glucagon ke mohanyetsi oa insulin ka ketso.

Glucagon e ntšetsa pele ts'ebetso ea glycogenolysis, ho bolokoa ha glycogen synthase ka har'a sebete, ka lebaka leo ho lokolloang glycogen-1-phosphate glycogen, e fetohang 6 phosphate. Ebe tlasa ts'usumetso ea "glucose-6-fostofatase" ena ea glucose ea mahala e thehoa, e nang le matla a ho tsoa seleng ho kena maling.

Kahoo, lihormone li thusa ho eketsa litekanyo tsa tsoekere ka lebaka la ho hlohlelletsa metsoako ke sebete, e sireletsa sebete ho fokotseha tsoekere, hape e kenya letsoho phokotsong ea tsoekere e hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tlhaho ea ts'ebetso ea methapo. Glucagon e thusa ho phahamisa phallo ea mali lipelong, k'holeseterole e tlase, e hlohlelletsang tlhahiso ea palo e hlokahalang ea insulin. Ka lebaka la hormone, lipids tsa tishu tsa adipose le tsona li robehile.

Polypeptide

Ho tlangoa ha eona ho etsahala feela karolong ea tšilo ea lijo. Kamoo polypeptide e sebetsang ho metabolic phenomena ha e e-so tsejoe. Ha polypeptide e laoloa ke ts'ebetso ea 'mele, e tla qala ho thibela ketso ea manyeme, ho hatella tlhahiso ea lero ka mpeng.

Tabeng ea tlolo ea sebopeho sa 'mele ka mabaka a fapaneng, sephiri se joalo ka tekanyo e nepahetseng se ke ke sa kenngwa tšebetsong.

Gastrin e hlohlelletsa tlhahiso ea hydrogen chloride, e eketsa tlhahiso ea enzyme ea lero la gastric ke lisele tse ka sehloohong tsa setho, e hlahisa le ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea li-bicorbates tse nang le mucus ka mucous ea gastric, ka lebaka leo karolo ea ts'ireletso ea setho e fanoang ka lebaka la litlamorao tse mpe tsa pepsin le hydrochloric acid.

Hormone e liehisa ts'ebetso ea ho lokolla mpa. Sena se fana ka bolelele ba phello ea pepsin le acid ho chyme e hlokahalang bakeng sa phepo ea lijo. Hape o khona ho laola mokhoa oa phapanyetsano ea lik'habohaedreite, ka hona, o eketsa tlhahiso ea li-peptide le lihormone tse ling.

Lintho tse ling tse sebetsang

Lihormone tse ling tsa pancreatic li fumanoe.

  1. Lipocaine - e khona ho susumetsa sebopeho sa mafura le oxidation ea akhatic monobasic carboxylic asiti, e sireletsa sebete ho steatosis.
  2. Centropnein - e ama ka mokhoa o thabisang setsi sa ho hema karolo e ka morao ea bokong, e thusa ho phomotsa mesifa ea mokokotlo.
  3. Vagotonin - e eketsa ts'ebetso ea methapo ea botšehali, e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona ho litho tsa kahare.

Lithethefatsi tsa lihormone tsa "pancreatic" ke eng

Bohlokoa bo nkuoa e le meriana ea insulin, e hlahisoang ke lik'hamphani tse fapaneng tsa meriana. Lithethefatsi tsa pancreatic li khetholloa ke lipontšo.

Ka tlhaho, litlhare ke:

  • meriana ea tlhaho - Actrapid, Monotard MC, theipi ea Insulin GPP,
  • synthetic - Homofan, Humulin.

Ka lebelo la tlhaselo, nako ea tšusumetso:

  • katleho e potlakileng le e sa feteng nako, lithethefatsi li bonts'a phello ea tsona halofo ea hora kamora ts'ebetso, ts'ebetso ea moriana e ka ba lihora tse 8 - Insuman ka potlako, Actrapid,
  • nako e tloaelehileng ea tšusumetso, e etsahala ka mor'a lihora tse 2 kamora ts'ebeliso, litlamorao tsa lithethefatsi ho fihlela letsatsi - Khoele ea Humulin, Monotard MC,
  • karolelano ea nako ea insulin ka ponts'o e khuts'oanyane, ho qala ha ts'ebetso kamora halofo ea hora - Actrafan HM.

Lihormone ke tsa bohlokoa ho laola lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele, ka hona ho bohlokoa ho tseba sebopeho sa setho, seo li-hormone tsa pancreatic li leng teng le mesebetsi ea tsona.

Ha li-pathologies tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea tšilo ea lijo li hlaha, ngaka e tla fana ka litlhare bakeng sa kalafo. Likarabo tsa ngaka ea pancreatitis li tla thusa ho utloisisa hore na ho bakiloe ke lefu lefe le hore na le le phekole joang.

Leave Ba Fane Ka Tlhaloso Ea Hao