Hypercholesterolemia ke eng? Mefuta ea hypercholesterolemia le phello ea eona ho nts'etsopele ea maloetse
Hypercholesterolemia e bitsoa ho eketseha ha khatello e tloaelehileng ea cholesterol maling. Tloaelo ke 200 ± 50 mg / dl (5.2 ± 1.2 mmol / L) mme, joalo ka molao, e eketseha ka lilemo.
Hypercholesterolemia hangata e hlaha ka lebaka la tšebeliso e ngata ea k'holeseterole e tsoang lijong, hammoho le lik'habohaedreite le mafura. Phepo e nepahetseng ho pholletsa le bophelo ke eona ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e thibelang hypercholesterolemia. Lintho tse amanang le khatello ea kelello li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa boiketlong ba ho tsebisoa ha lefu la atherosclerosis.
Lowers cholesterol: oli ea mohloaare, oli e meng ea meroho, oli ea litlhapi tsa leoatleng, lijo tsa limela tse nang le fiber e qhibilihang ka metsing (lijo-thollo, phofo ea Wholemeal), pectin (liapole, monokotsoai), soya. Fiber e qhibilihang ka metsi kapa fiber ea lijo, e fumanehang feela lijong tsa semela, e fokotsa ho kenngoa ha k'holeseterole e ka mpeng le ho fokotsa cholesterol e felletseng ka 10% le dermity lipoprotein cholesterol ka 12% serum ea mali.
14. Atherosclerosis: lisosa tsa biochemical, mathata a metabolic, tlhahlobo ea biochemical, mathata. Lisosa tsa kotsi ho ntlafatso ea atherosclerosis, mekhoa ea bona ea ts'ebetso, thibelo.
Atherossteosis ke lefu le tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa le sa foleng le amang marako a methapo, ho bakoang ke tlolo ea ts'ebetso ea mafura (cholesterol, lipoprotein) 'meleng. Ho na le kokoana-hloko ea cholesterol e ngata, 'me ho emisoa ha eona e le mokhoa oa "li-atherosselotic plaque" leboteng le kahare la likepe (intima), ka lebaka leo, lerako la methapo e lahlehang ka thata, ho tiisa, ho omella,' me ka lebaka leo, phepelo ea mali ho litho le eona ea ferekana.
Lintho tse beha kotsing ea ho holisa atherosulinosis:
Khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng. Ts'ebeliso ea kamehla ea lijo e nang le mafura le cholesterol e ngata, Ho nona ho lebisa ho kokelong ea cholesterol marakong a methapo ea mali, tsoelo-pele ea lefutso (ka lebaka la khaello ea tlhaho ea li-enzyme tse ling tse kenyelletsoeng ho phatloheng ha mafura, ho na le keketseho ea boemo ba tsona maling le boteng ba methapo ea methapo ea mali), Male bong ( basali ka mokhoa o itseng ba sireletsa lihormone tsa thobalano tsa basali), Ho tsuba (koae ho na le lintho tse amang marako a mokokotlo), lefu la tsoekere (metabolite e fokotsang mafura), Bakuli kholo (e amanang le mokhoa oa bophelo), liphetoho tsa lihormone 'meleng, khatello e phahameng ea mali (tšenyo leboteng le ka hare la methapo ea methapo, e lebisang ho hlahisoeng ha cholesterol libakeng tse senyehileng) ts'ebeliso e mpe ea joala (e fokotseha ts'ebetso ea sebete, moo ho senyeha hoa mafura), khatello ea kelello le kelello (eketsa cholesterol) maling, tšenyo leboteng la arterial ka lebaka la phello le chefo ho eona), lefu la pelo la Coronary le baka tlolo ea sebopeho sa lerako la methapo le tahlehelo ea cholesterol ho lona.
Mathata a Metabolic ho atherosulinosis a fapane haholo mme a fokotsoa haholo ho hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, dysproteinemia le ho bokella liprotheine tse hasantsoeng.
Mathata a atherosulinosis: angina pectoris, infraction ea myocardial, lefu la mokokotlo oa mokokotlo (lefu la kelello), liso tsa kahare le lefu la mokokotlo, le mesenteric vascular thrombosis.
Tlhahlobo ea Lefu la ho Ferekanya - Tlhahlobo ea biochemical ea mali (lipid profil), dopplerography, angiography.
Khoutu ea ICB-10
Khethollong ea machaba ea maloetse a ntlafatso ea 10, mefuta e fapaneng ea hypercholesterolemia e abeloa sehlopha sa E78. Hypercholesterolemia e hloekileng, ho kopanyelletsa le mefuta e 5 ea li-pathologies, e abetsoe sehlopha se arohaneng sa E 78.0:
- hyperlipidemia (Sehlopha),
- hyper-β-lipoproteinemia,
- hyperlipoproteinemia e nang le LDL
- Hypercholesterolemia ea lelapa
- Fredrickson hyperlipoproteinemia, mofuta IIa.
Ho mcb-10, hypercholesterolemia e le lefu le arohaneng le boetse le kenyelletsoa sehlopheng sa 78.2
Hypercholesterolemia ea lelapa
Boloetse bona bo bakoa ke bokuli ba lefutso la mafura. E ka ba ea mefuta e 'meli: homozygous - mofuta o nang le phoso o amoheloa ho tsoa ho batsoali ka bobeli, heterozygous - ho tloha ho o mong. Boloetse ba pele ha bo fumanehe hangata (motho a le mong ho ba 1 000 000), empa bo tebile le ho feta. Boemo ba k'holeseterole e nang le eona bo feta se tloaelehileng ka makhetlo a 4-6 / ho feta. Psychology ea bobeli e atile haholo (motho a le mong ho ba 500), empa ha e kotsi. Boemo ba sterol bo phahame ho feta ba motho ea phetseng hantle ka makhetlo a 2-3.
Batho ba nang le lefu lena ba kotsing ea ho hola ka nako ea atherosclerosis, hammoho le mathata a eona: lefu la pelo (CHD), lefu la pelo.
Maemong a mangata, sesosa sa hypercholesterolemia ke liphoso tsa mokhoa oa bophelo. Pele ho tsohle, khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng. Ha lijo li na le mafura a mangata haholo, mafura a mangata, tsoekere, k'holeseterole (e seng tlase haholo), sena se lebisa keketseho ea khatello ea OH le LDL. Ho lula u lutse ho tlatsetsa ho tlatseng hoa metabolism ea mafura.
Lisosa tse seng tsa motho ke liphatsa tsa lefutso. Bofokoli ho bo bong ba mofuta oa chromosome ea 19, e futsitsoeng ho motsoali a le mong kapa ka bobeli, bo lebisa tlolong ea metabolism ea mafura, e ikemetseng ea phepo e nepahetseng.
Lihlopha tsa likotsi
Karolo ea baahi e angoa habonolo ke kholo ea hypercholesterolemia. Mabaka a kotsi a kenyeletsa:
- Paul Ho basali kamora ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli, boemo ba lipoprotein "tse mpe" boa eketseha.
- Mongoaha. Banna ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 45 le basali ba fetang lilemo tse 55 ba kotsing.
- Nalane ea lelapa. Hypercholesterolemia hangata e hlaha ho batho bao batsoali ba bona / banab'abo, likhaitseli ba neng ba tšoeroe ke lefu la pelo ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 55 (banna) kapa ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 65 (basali).
- Ho Nona Haholo Index ea Mass.
- Sekhechana sa mokokotlo. Monyetla oa ho nts'etsapele hypercholesterolemia o phahame ho banna ba nang le bophara ba bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 102, hammoho le basali ba nang le bophahamo ba cm cm e fetang 89.
- Ho tsuba. Karolo ea mosi oa koae e ka senya mabota a methapo ea mali, ea etsa hore e be sethala se setle sa ho fihlela liathomo tsa atherosselotic. Ho tsuba ho ama khatello ea "mpe", "e ntle" lipoprotein: ho eketsa boemo ba pele, ho fokotsa ea morao.
- Lefu la tsoekere Tsoekere e phahameng ea mali e kenya letsoho kholong ea LDL, ho fokotseha hoa khatello ea HDL. E ka boela ea senya methapo e ka hare ea methapo ea methapo.
Ts'oaetso
Batho ba bangata ba nang le cholesterol e phahameng ha ba na matšoao ho fihlela mafu a amanang le atherosulinosis a iponahatsa.
Ho batho ba nang le mofuta oa lefu lena, ho hlaha manonyeletso a letlalo le cholesterol. Libaka tsa litšobotsi - li-tendon tse fapaneng, Achilles o ratoa haholo ke tsona. Hangata lipalesa tse sephara tse bonojoana ba boka ba pea ho linaoa li 'nile tsa bonoa ka makholo a lilemo. Li-neoplasms tse joalo li bitsoa.
Batho ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 20 ba khothalletsoa ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mali hang / lilemo tse 5, ho kenyelletsa: LDL, HDL, triglycerides, cholesterol e felletseng. Kaha hypercholesterolemia qalong e hlaha ntle le matšoao, ena ke eona feela tsela ea ho e tseba ka nako. Motho e mong le e mong ea kotsing o khothalletsoa tlhahlobo khafetsa. E bua ka bakuli bao beng ka bona ba neng ba e-na le bothata ba pelo kapa cholesterol e phahameng ba sa le banyenyane. Ho ela hloko haholo bophelo bo botle ba motho e lokela ho ba ba nang le bana bao e leng batsoali, bo-nkhono le ntate-moholo.
Matšoao a tloaelehileng a metabolism ea mafura ho batho ba phetseng hantle:
- OH - ka tlase ho 5.0 mmol / l (40 mg / dl) ho banna le ho feta 1.2 mmol / l (> 45 mg / dl) ho basali,
- LDL - ka tlase ho 3.0 mmol / l (Likarolo tsa kalafo
Mehatong ea pele ea hypercholesterolemia, haeba lefu ha se lefutso, ho lekane hore batho ba bangata ba hlahlobe bocha mokhoa oa bona oa bophelo. Fetola lijo tsa hau, qala ho tsamaea haholoanyane. Ho sebelisa litlhare hoa utloahala haeba phetoho e sa thusa.
Lijo, lijo tsa mohlala
Vegetarian e bonoa e le lijo tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho theola cholesterol. Batho ba sa fumaneng matla a ho tlohela nama ba eletsoa hore bonyane ba fokotse tšebeliso ea nama e khubelu (nama ea khomo, nama ea khomo). Bean, kuku, mmutla o ka sebetsa joalo ka sebaka.
Lijo tsa hau li tla ba hantle ha u latela likeletso tsena:
Khetha mafura a phetseng hantle. Ho eketsa k'holeseterole e nang le matla, LDL. Nama e khubelu, mahe, lihlahisoa tsa lebese ka botlalo ke mehloli ea mantlha ea lipids. Fetolela tsona ka oli ea meroho, linate, lipeo.
Qoba mafura. Ho na le tse ngata ho tsona mefuta eohle ea lijo tse bobebe le lijo tse potlakileng. Baetsi ba tse nepahetseng ba bonts'a palo ea mafura ka har'a sephutheloana.
Fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea k'holeseterole ea hau: nama, li-yolks tsa mahe, lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse sa rekisoang.
E-ja lijo-thollo tse ling kaofela. Oatmeal, buckwheat, nyalothe, raese, pasta e tsoang koro ea durum e na le fiber, livithamini, liminerale tseo 'mele o li hlokang.
Tsepamisa maikutlo ho litholoana, meroho. Lijo tsena li na le fiber ea phepo e ngata, livithamini le liminerale. Tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke meroho ea selemo.
Kenya halibut, tuna, cod, herring, mackerel, salmon lijong tsa hau. Mefuta ena ea litlhapi e na le mafura a mangata haholo le cholesterol ho feta khoho, nama ea khomo le kolobe. Salmon, herring le mackerel ke mohloli o motle oa li-acid tsa omega-3 tse hlokahalang bakeng sa pelo e phetseng hantle.
Litekanyetso tse tahang tsa joala li ka eketsa bongata ba lipoprotein tse "molemo", empa ha li na ho lekana ho e buella joalo ka mokhoa oa kalafo. Ho hlekefetsoa ho lebisa ho sitiseng sebete, ho eketsa menyetla ea ho ba le lefu la ho ruruha, hammoho le mafu a mang a mangata.
Lijo tse nepahetseng li lokela ho kenyelletsa (% ea likhalori tse felletseng):
- mafura a tletse - ka tlase ho 7%,
- Mafura a monounsaturated - 20%,
- Mafura a polyunsaturated - 10%,
- proteni - 15%,
- lik'habohaedreite - 50%,
- fiber ea phepo - 25 g / ka letsatsi,
- cholesterol - ka tlase ho 200 mg / ka letsatsi.
Lijo tsa hau li ka shebahala joang letsatsi?
- Lijoa tsa hoseng: oatmeal le banana, lero la lamunu, lieie, kofi kapa tee.
- Lijo tsa motšehare: karolo ea sopho ea meroho, apole, salate ea tamati, k'habeche, meroho, e nokiloeng ka tranelate e nang le mafura a fokolang, tlhapi le compote.
- Lijo tsa mantsiboea: raese, chisi e nang le mafura a mangata, salate ea meroho ka nako ea selemo, linaoa.
- Ho ja lijo tse bobebe: meroho, linate, lipeo, lihoete.
Melemo
Hypercholesterolemia ke bothata bo sa tloaelehang boo ba bangata ba khonang ho bo phekola ntle le lithethefatsi. Lithethefatsi tsohle li laetsoe feela ha lijo, ho ikoetlisa li sa sebetse. Ngaka ea hau e ka u fa lipilisi tsa ho fokotsa cholesterol ho bakuli ba nang le monyetla oa ho ba le mathata. Ho nka meriana ha ho qobelle tlhoko ea ho latela lijo. Ho fapana le hoo, phepo e nepahetseng ke ntho e hlokahalang bakeng sa kalafo ea lithethefatsi.
Hona le lihlopha tse 5 tsa lithethefatsi tse sebelisoang ho lokisa cholesterol:
- Statins, lebitso le leng la HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Tsena li kenyelletsa lovastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin. Statins e thibela mosebetsi oa enzyme e hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea k'holeseterole. Ba na le bokhoni ba ho fokotsa cholesterol, "lipoprotein" tse mpe, li eketsa "botle".
- Li -ququitors tsa bile acid. Baemeli ba tloaelehileng ba sehlopha ke cholestyramine, hammoho le colestipol. Lithethefatsi tsena li tlama li-acid tse lokolohileng tsa 'mele' me li pepesetsoa makhopho. Mokhoa o le mong feela oa ho sebetsana le khaello ea acid e mafura ke ho senya cholesterol. Sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi ha se hlalosoe hangata ka lebaka la bokhoni ba sona ba ho fokotsa lipoprotein tse "ntle".
- Vitamin B3 (PP, nicotinic acid). Methapo ea eona e meholo e na le thepa e theolang cholesterol.
- Fibrate. Gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate e ngoletsoe batho haholo-holo ho loantša li-triglycerides tse phahameng.
- Li-inhibitors tsa chokosterol. Mmele o amohela 20% ea sterol lijong. Lithethefatsi sehlopheng sena li fokotsa ho amoheloa ha cholesterol lijong. Moemeli ea tloaelehileng oa sehlopha ke Ezetimibe.
Lipalo ke khetho ea pele.
Mathata a Hypercholesterolemia
Haeba hypercholesterolemia e sa phekoloe, ho hlahisoa ha cholesterol le lipoprotein ho tla qala ho hlaha marakong a methapo ea mali. Ha e ntse e hola, lumen ea artery e tla fokola, ho fihlela blockage ea eona e felletseng - atherosclerosis. Boloetse bo ka lebisa ho mathata ana a tebileng:
- stroke
- lefu la pelo
- angina tlhaselo
- khatello ea mali
- ho se sebetse hantle hantle ha renal
- pathology ea potoloho ea potoloho.
Thibelo
Thibelo ea hypercholesterolemia eo e seng ea lefa e tšoana hantle le kalafo:
- Lijo tse nang le letsoai le tlase le na le litholoana, meroho, lijo-thollo kaofela,
- thibelo ea tšebeliso ea mafura a liphoofolo,
- tšebeliso e itekanetseng ea "mafura a matle",
- ho tlohela ho tsuba
- bonyane metsotso e 30 ea boikoetliso ba 'mele letsatsi le letsatsi (bonyane ho tsamaea ka potlako),
- thibelo ea joala
- ho fana ka nako ea tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides.
Lingoliloeng
- Benjamin Wedro, MD, FACEP, FAAEM. Cholesterol e phahameng, 2016
- Jacquelyn Cafasso. Matšoao a Cholesterol e Phahameng, 2016
- Raul D. Santos, MD, PhD, MSc. Hypercholesterolemia, 2018
Hypercholesterolemia - ke eng? E fetoletsoe ho tsoa ho Greek - cholesterol e phahameng maling. Ena ke tšobotsi ea lefu lena. Ha e le hantle, hypercholesterolemia ha e sa kula esita le lefu lena, ke sesupo sa hore ke lefu le itseng.
Empa ha e le hantle - sesosa sa mathata a mangata ts'ebetsong ea pelo le methapo ea mali. Ho hlahloba botebo ba lets'oao la lefu lena, o lokela ho utloisisa tšimoloho ea lona le likarolo tsa eona tsa kholo. Sena se tla thusa ho thibela ho hlaha ha hypercholesterolemia, mme haeba ho bonahala, ka nako ho khetholla le ho khetholla mekhoa e nepahetseng ea kalafo.
Bofokoli ba likokoana-hloko
Ho utloisisa mochine oa liphetoho tse bakoang ke ts'ebetso e le 'ngoe kapa e' ngoe ea ts'ebetso ea methapo, chemistry ea bioloji ea thusa. Biochemistry ea hypercholesterolemia ke sebetsa hantle ho lipid metabolism. Mefuta e fapaneng ea mafura e kena 'meleng oa motho. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e rarahaneng, e mekhahlelo e mengata, e aroloa le ho "sebetsoa" ke li-enzyme tse lumellanang. K'holeseterole ea mahala ha e qhale maling.
Mafura a bobebe a sebakeng se arohaneng a "haptjoa" ke lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, a li fetolela li-chylomicrons - liforomo tsa lipalangwang. Ka ho phalla ha mali le lymph, a phalla mmeleng, a nkile k'holeseterole. Empa bakeng sa ho kena kahare ho litho, "lipalangoang" li hloka thuso ea lipoprotein - li-lipids tsa lipids le protheine.
Ke lipoprotein tse qholotsang kholo ea hypercholesterolemia. Li hantle ka letsoalo. Li-lipoprotein tse nang le bothata bo tlase (LDL) ke tsona tse ikarabellang bakeng sa phetiso ea k'holeseterole ho tloha sebete ho ea lithong tsa litho. Haholo-holo ke k'holeseterole e jang lijo. Ka ho eketseha ha eona, k'holeseterole e ngata e "mpe" e fetisetsoa liseleng.
Li-high density lipoproteins (HDL) li tsamaisa k'holeseterole e ngata ho tsoa liseleng tse khutlelang sebeteng. Hypercholisterinemia e etsahala le tlolo ea tšebetso ea lipoprotein.
Mefuta ea Hypercholesterolemia
Pathological syndrome e thathamisitsoe ho latela mabaka a nts'etsopele ea eona, empa mefuta ea eona ha e na likarolo tse ikhethang tsa thupelo kapa lipontšo tsa kantle. Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea hypercholisterinemia:
- Pele - e fetisetsoa ho bana "ka lefa" ho tsoa ho batsoali. E bakoa ke bofokoli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso mme e ka ba:
- Homozygous (liphatsa tsa lefutso tse senyehileng tse fumanoang ho ntate le mme),
- Heterozygous (gene e nang le sekoli e fetisitsoeng ke e mong oa batsoali).
- Bobeli - sephetho sa kholo ea mafu a itseng, maemo a mmele,
- Alimentary - e etsahala ka tšebeliso e feteletseng ea mafura a liphoofolo.
Tlhahlobo ea "hypercholesterolemia e hloekileng" e etsoa ho mokuli ea nang le cholesterol e fetang 5.18 mmol / L. Ena ke harbinger e hlakileng ea atherosclerosis.
Matšoao a lefu la kelello
Ha ho na matšoao a hlakileng a hypercholesterolemia; hajoale ha e ame mokhoa oa motho oa bophelo le maemo a hae.
Ha thuto ea Psychology e ntse e tsoela pele, nts'etsopele ea eona e ka bontšoa ke:
- Moriri o moputsoa lehlakoreng la cornea ea mahlo,
- Ho ruruha le li-tubercles (xanthomas) menoaneng, mahareng, maqaqaqaqahleng, mangoleng,
- Lipontšo tsa angina pectoris.
Hamorao, k'holeseterole e ile ea beha maboteng a methapo ea methapo. Litemana tsa likepe li tšesaane, botsitso ba tsona bo lahlehile, phallo ea mali e ntse e mpefala. Li-cholesterol tsa cholesterol li baka thrombosis.
Matšoao a hypercholesterolemia "flow" hantle matšoao a methapo ea pelo.
Hypercholisterinemia ea mantlha (ea lelapa) ke lefu la kelello le e-s’o ka le hlahlojoa ka botlalo. Ka hona, ha ho na sesebelisoa se joalo se ka netefatsoang ho thibela ketsahalo ea sona.
Mabaka a ka sehloohong a ho hlaha ha hypercholisterinemia e nkoa e le:
- Liphoso sebopeho sa protheine ea lipoprotein. Ha ba khone ho kena-kenana le lisele tsa litho, cholesterol e ke ke ea kena ho tsona,
- Tlhahiso e theohileng ea li-enzyme tsa "lipalangoang". Ho thehiloe ho haella ha k'holeseterole sebakeng se le seng le ho feteletseng sebakeng se seng,
- Mathata a liseleng tsa lisele. Ba lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba bona ba ho ikopanya le lipoprotein.
Lisosa tsa hypercholesterolemia ea bobeli e ka ba:
Tšebeliso e feteletseng ea mafura a liphoofolo ke lona lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho hlaha ha hypercholesterolemia bongata ba bakuli.
Hypercholesterolemia Therapy
Ho fokotsa khatello ea k'holeseterole maling ho ka fihlella ka liphetoho tsa mokhoa oa bophelo le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Ho lokisa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa bophelo le hypercholesterolemia ha e le hantle ke mehato ea thibelo ho boloka maemo a amohelehang a cholesterol.
Haeba ba sa thusa, ngaka e sebelisa meriana, e fana ka taelo:
Phekolo ea hypercholesterolemia e fana ka mokhoa o kopaneng. Ho thusa ho rarolla mathata a cholesterol, meriana ea setso ea fumaneha, e theko e tlase ebile e bolokehile.
Ka hypercholesterolemia, phello e ntle e fanoa ke:
Lijo tsa hypercholesterolemia
Mehatong ea pele ea hypercholesterolemia, ho lekane ho khetholla lihlahisoa tse nang le "cholesterol" e mpe ho tsoa lijong. Tekanyo ena e tla boloka letšoao la eona maemong a amohelehang.
Litataiso tse akaretsang tsa lijo bakeng sa hypercholesterolemia li ka hlahisoa melaong e 'maloa e bonolo:
- Fokotsa likhalori tse sebelisitsoeng, haholoholo ka ho lula u lutse,
- Se ke oa ja haholo bosiu, laola boima ba 'mele,
- Fokotsa palo ea mafura a liphoofolo a chesitsoeng ka ho a nkela oli ea meroho.
- Kenyelletsa lijong tsa lijo tse nang le livithamini le liminerale,
- Se ke oa tlohela ho ja nama e halikiloeng,
- Fokotsa tšebeliso ea letsoai,
- Ha u khetha tafole ea lijo, hopola litlamorao tsa lijo 'me u se ke ua phahamisetsa thibelo maemong a kotlo.
Tafole e bonts'a lethathamo la lihlahisoa tse khothaletsoang le tse halikiloeng ke lijo tsa hypercholesterolemia.
Ka hypercholesterolemia, lijana tsohle li entsoe ka oli, li phehiloe kapa li phehiloe.
Lijo tsa hypercholesterolemia li fapane ebile li bonolo. Lenaneo ha lea lokela ho baka mathata a itseng. Mokuli a ke ke a ja ntle le nama, a mo jeng ka thabo. Ntho ea bohlokoa ke hore ha ea lokela ho ba le mafura le ho halikisoa.
Ka mohlala, lijo tsa letsatsi le le leng li ka ba le:
Mefuta ea Hypercholesterolemia
Ho na le ntho e kang lefutso la hypercholesterolemia. Mofuta ona oa lefu lena o bitsoa mantlha kapa lelapa le bitsoang hypocholestemia (SG).
Motho o amohela gene e nang le phoso ho e mong oa batsoali, eo khoutu ea hae e lokelang ho ikarabella ho bopeng k'holeseterole. Ka bomalimabe, ho ngoana e monyane ho thata haholo ho theha SG, hobane Bothata bo na le matšoao a boletsoeng esale pele ka ho ba motho e moholo 'me ka nako e telele lefutso la hypercholesterolemia ha le fumanoe.
Hypercholesterolemia e thathamisitsoe ho latela Fredrickson. Empa likarolo tsa mathata a fapaneng a metabolism ea lipid ho latela Fredixon li ka utloisisoa feela ke ngaka. Foromo ea bobeli e tsoela pele maemong a mabaka a mang a potlakisang lefu lena ho latela ICD 10.
Ntle le lisosa le maemo, ho kopana ha tsona ho ka lebisang bothateng, ho boetse ho na le lintlha tse fapaneng tsa kotsi. Kgethollo ya lefu lena e ipapisitse le mabaka a ho hola ha yona. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na litšobotsi tse hlahelletseng tsa thupelo kapa liketsahalo tse bonoang ka mefuta ea hypercholesterolemia.
Mefuta e meraro ea lefu lena e arolelanoa:
Foromo ea mathomo
Mofuta ona ha o so hlahlojoe ka botlalo, ka hona ha ho na sesebelisoa se joalo se neng se ka thibela ponahalo ea sona ka botlalo.
Bohlokoa! Homozygous hypercholesterolemia (lelapa) le thehoa haeba mme le ntate ba na le khoutu ea gene e nang le phoso. Hypercholesterolemia ea heterozygous, haeba khoutu e sa sebetseng e kenelletse kahare ho motsoali a le mong.
Mofuta o heterozygous oa hypercholesterolemia o bonoa ho batho ba ka bang 100%, mme mofuta o mong oa lapeng o fumaneha ka seoelo ho ICD 10.
Hypercholesterolemia e etsahala neng?
Ha e le molao, lisosa tsa lefu lena li ka ho:
- ho ja lichelete tse itseng khafetsa.
- lefu la tsoekere
- nephrotic syndrome (NS),
- mafu a sebete a kang
- hypothyroidism.
Ho na le mabaka a kotsi, a kenyelletsang khatello ea maikutlo khafetsa, ho se sebetse hantle 'meleng, khatello ea mali ea methapo, hammoho le liphatsa tsa lefutso (SG). Ntle le moo, batho ba nang le boima ba 'mele ba tlisoang ke hypercholesterolemia, e leng mabaka a entseng hore ho be le mekhoa e mebe ea ho ja le ho se leka-lekane ha metabolism ho latela ICD 10.
Lebaka le leng la ho hola ha lefu lena ke ho ja ka mokhoa o sa laoleheng oa lijo tse eketsang cholesterol (mohlala, litapole tse halikiloeng ka lore). Mme ho nwa khafetsa lino tse nang le lino tse tahang ho boetse ho tlatsetsa ho pepeseng lipopi, hobane joala bo molemo bakeng sa ho tšela lihlahisoa tse kotsi.
Matšoao a matšoao
Hypercholesterolemia ke letšoao le ikhethang le ikemiselitseng ho sebelisa mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea laboratori (lipid profil). Ka nako e ts'oanang, pontšo ea kakaretso ea boemo ba cholesterol e ikemiselitse, e sa tsamaiseng tlhaiso-leseling e ikhethang, hobane e na le li-triglycerides le lipoprotein tse tlaase le tse phahameng ho ea ka ICD 10.
Tlhahlobo ea laboratori e etselitsoe ho arola cholesterol e felletseng linthong, e lekanya phello ea lipoprotein marakong a methapo ea mali.
Ka linako tse ling maemong a tsoetseng pele, lefu lena le ka ba le matšoao a kantle, ka lebaka leo ngaka e ka fumanang tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea bongaka. Ho boetse ho na le matšoao a bontšang hore lefu la hypercholesterolemia ea lefutso. Tsena li kenyeletsa:
- xanthomas - maqhubu a cholesterol a bokelloang holim'a tendon,
- lipoid corneal arch e bonts'a boteng ba SG, mokhatlong oa lilemo tse ka bang 50,
- xanthelasma - matšoao a sebopeho, a nang le boteng ba node e putsoa ka tlas'a lesela le kaholimo ho eyelone (motho ea sa rutehang oa bongaka a ka nna a se ke a ba hlokomela).
Matšoao a mantlha a hlaha feela ka lebaka la kholo ea lefu lena, butle-butle a fumana mofuta o matla le mafu a mang a tsamaeang le ona.
Ke mathata afe a ka hlahang ka hypercholesterolemia?
Atherosclerosis ke litholoana tse bohloko ka ho fetesisa tsa hypercholesterolemia. Bolwetse bona ke ho hlahisoa ha li-cholesterol plaque marakong a methapo ea mali. Ha li-plaque li bokellana maboteng, liphetoho tsa pathological li ba teng.
Mabota ha a sa theoloa haholo, a ama hampe tšebetso ea pelo le methapo ea mali. Sebopeho sa atherosclerotic ke sesosa sa ho fokotseha ha methapo ea mali, litlamorao tsa eona e ka ba ho otloa ke lefu la pelo kapa la pelo. Ntle le moo, ho na le.
Mofuta o sa feleng oa litlamorao tsa mathata a itseng a lefu lena a ka hlalosoa ke litsietsi tsamaisong ea mali. Ka lebaka lena, ischemia ea methapo ea mali kapa litho.
Ho haella ha Vascular ke sona sesosa se matla ka ho fetisisa. Sebopeho sa lona se matla le sona se khethoa ke mahlaseli a sekepe.
Bohlokoa! Rupture le infarction ea vascular ke tšobotsi e tloaelehileng ea hypercholesterolemia le mafu a mang a tsamaeang le eona.
Lijo tsa hypercholesterolemia
Phekolo ea lefu lena e bolela ho ba teng hoa lijo tse itseng. Lijo tsa hypercholesterolemia li na le litlamorao hape li tlosa cholesterol e ngata mmeleng ka thuso ea lijo tse itseng.
Lijo li etselitsoe ho khutlisa mesebetsi ea metabolism le ho ba le mekhoa e metle ea ho ja.
Melao-motheo ea phepo e nepahetseng e nang le cholesterol e ngata 'meleng e lokela ho ba ka tsela e latelang:
- fokotseha ha mafura lijong tsa letsatsi le letsatsi,
- mafura a liphoofolo a lokela ho nkeloa sebaka ke mafura a limela,
- ho lahla ka ho felletseng kapa ka tsela e itseng lijo tse nang le cholesterol e ngata,
- thibelo ea tšebeliso ea letsoai (ho fihlela 4 g, ka letsatsi),
- ho fokotseha hoa mafura a acid,
- ts'ebeliso ea fiber ea meroho le lik'habohaedreite tse rarahaneng,
- keketseho ea palo ea mafura a mangata a polyunsaturated.
Mekhoa ea kalafo
Hypercholesterolemia e boetse e phekoloa ka mekhoa eo eseng ea lithethefatsi, e kenyelletsang ho theola boima ba 'mele ka boomo, ka ho tsamaisoa ha tšebetso ea' mele, ho latela phallo ea oksijene. Lenaneo le lokela ho khethoa bakeng sa mokuli ka mong, ha mafu ohle a tšoanang a lokela ho nkuoa.
Hape, thibelo ea hypercholesterolemia e kenyelletsa ho nchafatsa lijo ka ho laola palo ea lintho tse kenang 'meleng mabapi le bongata ba meroalo ea lipapali. E le hore kalafo e atlehe, hoa hlokahala ho lahla lijo tse halikiloeng le tse mafura, 'me lijo tse nang le mafura a liprotheine li lokela ho nkeloa sebaka ke lijo tse nang le khalori e phahameng haholo.
Mabapi le sena, o ka sheba hore na ho bolela eng, 'me u ho nke e le motheo.
Ntle le moo, hypercholesterolemia e hloekileng e qobella mokuli hore a tlohele lino tse nang le joala e le hore a khoehlise ts'ebetsong ea ho eketsa boima bo feteletseng, etsa hore metabolism ea lactic acid e fokotsehe le ho fokotsa kotsi ea mathata ha a sebelisa meriana.
Ho tsuba ho boetse ho lokela ho lebaloa e le hore kalafo e nang le litlhare tsa setso e hlahisa liphetho tse hlakileng, 'me menyetla ea ho senyeha ha methapo ea pelo le litaba tsa lintho tse hanyetsanang le anti-atherogenic li eketseha.
Phekolo ea lithethefatsi
Kajeno, ba bangata ba pheha khang ea hore hypercholesterolemia e ka sebelisoa ke mefuta e meng ea phekolo. Leha ho le joalo, kalafo e nang le litlhare tsa setso ha e hlahise litholoana tse monate kamehla, ka lebaka leo ho bohlokoa hore u se lebale ka meriana.
Fokotsa maemo a k'holeseterole liseleng le ho fokotsa ho kenella ha cholesterol ke sebete. Ho feta moo, li-statin li senya lipids, li tlosa ho ruruha le ho fokotsa monyetla oa tšenyo ea likarolo tse phetseng hantle tsa methapo ea mali.
Phekolo ka moemeli enoa e thibela ho kenngoa ha cholesterol ka mpeng, leha ho le joalo, kalafo e joalo e batla e le teng. Ebile, ke 20% ea cholesterol feela e tsoang lijong, 'me 80% ea cholesterol e setseng e hlahisoa liseleng tsa sebete.
Lithethefatsi tsena li fokotsa li-triglycerides ka litekanyo tsa lipoprotein tse phahameng.
Li-chquecid tsa Cholic Acid
Phekolo le sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi e thusa 'mele ho tlosa cholesterol ho mafura acid. Litlamorao li kenyelletsa sekhahla sa tšilo ea lijo, le tatso e sa sebetseng.
Hypercholesterolemia kalafo
Phekolo ea lithethefatsi bakeng sa hypercholesterolemia e kenyelletsa ho tsamaisoa ha li-statins, li-sequtile tsa li-acid acid, li-fibrate, li-inhibitors tsa cholesterol ka mala, acid acid.Ha khatello ea methapo ea methapo ea kutlo e fumanoa, lithethefatsi tse thatafatsang khatello ea mali lia sebelisoa.
Nakong ea khalemelo ea metabolism ea lipid, hangata xanthomas e hatelloa. Haeba sena se sa etsahale, ba tlosoa ka mokhoa oa ho buoa, kapa ka cryodestruction, laser kapa motlakase oa motlakase.
Ho bakuli ba homozygous ba nang le hypercholesterolemia ea bongaka, kalafo ea lithethefatsi hangata ha e na thuso. Boemong bona, ba sebelisa plasmapheresis ka nako ea libeke tse peli pakeng tsa lits'ebetso. Maemong a matla, ho fetisoa ha sebete hoa hlokahala.
Karolo ea bohlokoa molemong oa ho tloaeleha ha metabolism ea mafura ke ho lokisa boima ba 'mele bo eketsehileng le bophelo bo botle: phomolo e ntle, ho ikoetlisa ka ho lekaneng, ho khaotsa ho tsuba le ho ja.
Liphello le mathata
Hypercholesterolemia e ka lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sena se baka tšenyo methapong ea mali, e ka bang le lipontšo tse fapaneng.
Ho senyeha ha potoloho e tloaelehileng ea mali libakeng tse tlase ho thusa ho theha li-trophic ulcers, tseo maemong a tebileng li ka lebisang ho necrosis ea tishu le tlhokeho ea ho khaoloa ha leoto.
Ka tšenyo ea methapo ea methapo ea mokokotlo, ho potoloha ha kokoana-hloko ho tšoenyeha, ho bonahatsoang ke tlolo ea mesebetsi ea sethoathoa, ho senyeha ha memori, mme ho ka lebisa ho otloa ke lefu la sethoathoa.
Ha e beha li-plaques tsa atherosselotic leboteng la aortic, e ea fokola ebe e lahleheloa ke matla. Khahlano le nalane ena, phallo ea mali e sa khaotseng e lebisa ho otlollang leboteng la aortic, kholo e atolositsoeng (aneurysm) e na le kotsi e kholo ea ho phatloha ka nts'etsopele ea morao ea hemorrhage e kholo ea ka hare le phello e ka ba e bolaeang.
Video e tsoang ho YouTube ka sehlooho sa sengoloa:
Tlhahisoleseling ka kakaretso mabapi le Hypercholesterolemia
Cholesterol ke motsoako o hlophisitsoeng, ke mafura a tsoang sehlopheng sa lipids. . O kenya letsoho lits'ebetsong tse ngata tse netefatsang bophelo ba motho: ho lekola ho satalla, ho ata ha litho tsa sele, ho sebelisoa ke litšoelesa tsa endocrine ho haha lihormone tsa thobalano, ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea bile e hlokahalang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo, joalo-joalo. E na le boikarabello bakeng sa tlhahiso ea k'holeseterole ka har'a sebete.
Cholesterol ha e qhibilihe maling, kaha ke ntho e mafura. Ho tloha holimo e koahetsoe ke khetla ea limolek'hule tsa protheine - protheine, ke ka lebaka leo e bitsoang lipoprotein. Ho na le mefuta e 4 ea lintho tsena: tse tlase haholo, tse tlase, tse bohareng le tse phahameng haholo. Mefuta ea pele e meraro e kentsoe maboteng a methapo ea mali, e etsa li-plaque tsa methapo ea methapo ea methapo, kapa li-cholesterol tse mpe "kapa" mpe "cholesterol. Litho tse phahameng tsa methapo ea kutlo (HDL) li "hantle" - li tlosa k'holeseterole marakong a methapo, ea e fetisetsa ho sebete.
Li-plaque tsa atherossteotic, tse nang le cholesterol ea 60%, li fokotsa matla a methapo ea methapo, li fokotsa bongata ba mali a potoloha ka tsona, 'me ke tsona lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa atherosclerosis. Ho phatloha ho sa feleng ha methapo ea methapo ho lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea maemo a bolaeang a pelo, methapo ea mali, bokong, maoto - myocardial infarction, ho holofala lelala. Ho qoba tlokotsi, ho hlokahala ho tseba hore na lefu la mafu la mafu a mafu a pholehang kapele le ho qala kalafo ea lona.
Lisosa tsa Hypercholesterolemia
Hang ha e le 'meleng oa motho, mafura afe kapa afe a kenyelletsang k'holeseterole a robehile, a kenella tsamaisong ea lisele, ebe a fetisetsoa litho le liseleng ka thuso ea phallo ea lisele e sebelisang lipoprotein. Haeba LDL e tsamaisa mafura a mangata liseleng tsa lisele, hypercholesterolemia e etsahala. Ho kheloha hofe kapa hofe ho tloaelehileng ho ts'ebetsong ea ho etsoa le ts'ebeliso ea k'holeseterole ho kenya letsoho ho lefu lena:
- synthes e matla haholo
- tlolo ea molao
- ja haholo ka lijo.
Lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa boemo ba methapo ea methapo ke:
1. Hypercholesterolemia ea mantlha kapa ea lelapa e etsahala ka lebaka la semelo sa lefutso ha lefutso le sa tloaelehang le fetisetsoa ho motho ho tsoa ho batsoali. Ka lefu le futsitsoeng, tse latelang li ka holofatsoa:
- sebopeho sa lipoprotein tsa protheine,
- sensitivity of lisele tsa lisele ho lipoprotein,
- mofuta oa li-enzyme tsa lipalangoang.
2. Mofuta oa bobeli oa lefu lena o ts'oaroa ke mafu le maemo a latelang a 'mele.
- khatello ea kelello, khatello ea maikutlo,
- liphetoho tsa li-hormonal,
- nephrotic syndrome - ho senyeha ha liphio, ho tšoauoa ka tahlehelo e phahameng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea moroto le ho bonahatsoa ke edema hohle mmeleng,
- lefu la tsoekere
- hypothyroidism - ho haella ho sa khaotseng kapa ho se be teng ka botlalo ha li-hormone tsa qoqotho.
- lefu le sa foleng la sebete
- khatello e phahameng ea mali
- bophelo ba ho lula fatše.
3. Ponahalo ea sebopeho sa alimentary se khothalletsoa ke mokhoa o fosahetseng oa bophelo:
- Ho ja k'holeseterole e ngata le lijo le ho senyeha ha eona ho lekaneng 'meleng ka lebaka la phepo e nepahetseng le mekhoa e fosahetseng ea ho ja. Mohlala, tšebeliso ea kamehla ea lijo tse halikiloeng ka har'a lore e thusa ho eketsa bongata ba mafura maling.
- Khafetsa, joala bo bongata.
- Ho nwa meriana e meng - beta-blockers, diuretics, jj.
- Hypodynamia - ts'ebetso ea motor e sa lekaneng.
- Ho nona haholo ka lebaka la phepo e sa leka-lekaneng.
Phekolo e rarahaneng ea hypercholesterolemia e kenyelletsa kalafo ea lithethefatsi, ho latela melao ea bophelo bo botle, mekhoa e metle le litlhare tsa setso. Pheko e atlehang e ka etsahala feela ka ho tloaela boima ba 'mele, ho hana joala le ho tsuba, ho ikoetlisa ka tsela e leka-lekaneng le ho ja. Mefuteng e matla ea pathology, e fetohela phetohong ea sebopeho le thepa ea mali a sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ikhethang. Lihlopha tse latelang tsa lithethefatsi li sebetsa hantle ho phekoleng lefu lena:
- li-statins - thibela mosebetsi oa li-enzyme tse hlahisang k'holeseterole, ho potlakisa ts'ebetso ea ts'oaetso ea lipid,
- intestinal cholesterol inhibitors - maemo a tlase a LDL,
- fibrate - kenya ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tse potlakisang metabolism ea mafura,
- Li-sequestrants - li susumetsa tlhahiso ea mafura a mangata ke sebete, ha li ntse li ja cholesterol le ho theola boemo ba tsona maling.
- Li-acid tse omega-3 polyunsaturated tse mafura - li fetole tekanyo ea k'holeseterole e nang le molemo le e kotsi, e sebelisa e latelang.
Motsoako oa batho
Ho fokotsa khatello ea cholesterol maling, o ka lokisa li-decoctions, infusions, tee e thehiloeng litlama tsa litlama. Li sebelisoa e le likarolo tsa kalafo e rarahaneng kapa baemeli ba iphelisa. Phekolo ea hypercholesterolemia e tla sebetsa haeba u sebelisa motso oa dandelion, flaxseed, letheka la rose, linaoa, alfalfa, jj. Mekhoa e lokiselitsoeng ho latela litlolo tsa setso, ho bonolo ho e lokisa ebile e fumaneha:
- Tšela metso ea 60 g ea metso ea hemp ka litara e le 1 ea metsi, pheha le ho silila ka mocheso o tlase ka metsotso e 10. Nka 100 g pele ho lijo lihora tse ling le tse ling tse nne. Bakeng sa ba sa khoneng ho emisa monko oa fensetere ea fensetere, o ka kenya balm e nyane ho moro.
- Khaba e le 1 ea seboko sa selemo le selemo (ka ho khetheha makhasi) tšela litara e le 1 ea metsi a belang, tsitlella. Tee e lokela ho ba e monate, e babang hanyane. Noa khalase e le 1 metsotso e 20 ka mor'a ho ja hararo ka letsatsi.
- Kenya 20 g ea monokotsoai oa rosehip ka sekotlolo sa enamel mme u tšollele khalase ea metsi a phehiloeng. Beha ka bateng ea metsi, beha mollo o fokolang, o sesa metsotso e 15, ebe o pholile 'me o be boima. Noa halofo ea khalase habeli ka letsatsi.
- Ntle le peo ea lebese ho phofo, nka thisp e le 1 ea lijo.
Litšobotsi tsa Matla
Ho tlosa k'holeseterole e ngata 'meleng, ho lokela ho lateloa lijo tse fetang tse fetang khoeli. Lijo tsa motho ea nang le phepo ea methapo ea methapo e lokela ho ba tse fapa-fapaneng, tse leka-lekaneng, tse nang le lihlahisoa le lijana tse tloaelehileng tsa metabolism, li na le anti-sclerotic athari, li tlatselletsoa ka livithamini, liminerale tsa mineral.
Ho bakuli ba nang le hypercholesterolemia, li-xanthomas hangata li etsahala - li-neoplasms tse tsoang methapong e tsoang liseleng tse fetotsoeng, e leng li-nodule tse kopaneng tse nang le lipid inclusions. Xanthomas e tsamaea le mefuta eohle ea hypercholesterolemia, e le e 'ngoe ea lipontšo tsa mathata a metabolism ea lipid. Nts'etsopele ea bona ha e tsamaisane le maikutlo ohle a tlatsetsang, ho feta moo, ba tloaetse ho khutla ka boits'oaro.
Li-Xanthomas li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'maloa:
- e senya - lipapiri tse nyane tsa 'mala o mosehla, tse fumanehang hohle thekeng le marikeng,
- e ntso -ba le ponahalo ea lipalo tse kholo kapa marang-rang, ao, joalo ka molao, a teng marikeng, mangoleng, liqetong, mokokotlong oa menoana, sefahleho, letlalo. Li-Neoplasms li ka ba le 'mala o pherese kapa o sootho, moeli o mofubelu kapa oa cyanotic,
- tendon - Localized haholo sebakeng sa extensor tendon le Achilles tendon,
- bataletseng - hangata e fumaneha ka makhetlo a letlalo, haholo matsoho.
- xanthelasma - xanthomas e boreleli ea lintla, e leng matšoao a bosehla bo phahamisitsoeng ka holim'a letlalo. Khafetsa e fumanoa ho basali, eseng tšekamelo ea ho itšireletsa feela.
Pontšo e 'ngoe ea hypercholesterolemia ke ho hlahisoa ha k'holeseterole karolong e ka holimo ea cornea ea leihlo (lipoid arc ea cornea), e nang le ponahalo ea' mala oa tšoeu kapa bosoeu bo bosoeu. Lenid arc ea cornea e bonoa khafetsa ho batho ba tsubang mme e batla e sa fetohe. Ho ba teng ha eona ho bontša kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la pelo.
Ka sebopeho se homozygous sa hypercholesterolemia ea lelapa, ho bonoa keketseho e kholo ea maemo a cholesterol ea mali, e bonahatsoang ke ho theoa ha xanthomas le poleloana ea poleloana ea lipolese e seng e le bongoaneng. Nakong ea bokhachane, hangata bakuli ba joalo ba ba le tšenyo e atrostic orifice le stenosis ea methapo ea methapo ea pelo le nts'etsopele ea lipontšo tsa kliniki ea lefu la pelo. Tabeng ena, ho haella ha coronary ho hoholo, ho ka lebisang lefung, ha ho qheleloe ka thoko.
Sebopeho sa heterozygous sa hypercholesterolemia ea lelapa, e le molao, ha se hlokomeloe ka nako e telele, se iponahatsa e le ho hloka kelello ha pelo le mmele o seng o le lilemong tsa ho ba motho e moholo. Ho feta moo, ho basali, matšoao a pele a thuto ea methapo ea methapo a hlaha ka kakaretso lilemo tse 10 pejana ho feta ho banna.
Hypercholesterolemia e ka lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sena se baka tšenyo methapong ea mali, e ka bang le lipontšo tse fapaneng.
Keketseho ea litekanyetso tsa cholesterol ea mali e baka tsoelo-pele ea atherosulinosis, eo, le eona e bonahatsoa ke methapo ea methapo (haholo-holo lisele tsa methapo ea methapo ea mali ea methapo e tlase, empa tšenyo bokong le methapong ea methapo, joalo-joalo, le eona e ka etsahala).
Hypercholesterolemia ke eng?
Lisosa tsa ts'oaetso ea lefu lena la mafu a mafu a botse li ka 'na tsa aparela liphatsa tsa lefutso. Mokhoa o tšoanang oa pathology o khetholloa e le hypercholesterolemia ea mantlha, kapa SG, ho seng joalo - seminal hypercholesterolemia. Ha a amohela mofuta o nang le phoso o tsoang ho ntate oa 'm'a kapa batsoali ba babeli hang, ngoana a ka ba le lefu le hlalositsoeng ha a hlaha.
Leha ho le joalo, SG bongoaneng ha e sa fumanoa, hobane bothata bo bonahala feela ka nako mme bo iponahatsa ka botlalo ha e le motho ea moholo, ha lipontšo tsa pontšo li qala ho boleloa.
Ts'ebetso e amoheloang ka kakaretso e nkuoa e le karohano ho latela Frederickson, leha ho le joalo, ho hlaka ha mathata a fapa-fapaneng a metabolid ea lipid ho tsoa ho eona a ka hlakisa feela ho setsebi sa boemo bona. Ho ea ka ICD 10, e leng karohano ea bongaka e amoheloang ka kakaretso, e leng boemo bo botle ba 'mele, ke hore, hypercholesterolemia e fumaneng khoutu E78.0 mme e eme kahara sehlopha sa mathata a tsamaiso ea endocrine le mathata a metabolic.
Bohlokoa! Haeba hypercholesterolemia e fumanoa, lijo tsa mokuli li lokela ho lateloa ho latela litlhahiso tsohle tsa ngaka.
Mofuta oa bobeli oa hypercholesterolemia o hlaha ho latela ho ba teng hoa lintlha tse ngata tsa causative tse kenang e le li-catalysts bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo. Ntle le maemo le mabaka, ho kopana ha 'ona hangata e ba ntho e bakang ho hlaha hoa pathology, ho na le lintlha tse ka behang kotsing. Etsa bonnete ba hore u bala sengoloa sena ho fihlela qetellong ho fumana hore na lijo li ja eng ka hypercholesterolemia.
Phapang e kholo ea boemo ba methapo ea methapo ea methapo e thehiloe ho mabaka a ileng a tsosa ho qaleha le tsoelo-pele, leha ho le joalo, ha li na likarolo tse ikhethang tsa thupelo kapa lipontšo tsa kantle tsa pontšo ea mofuta oa hypercholesterolemia.
Tlhokomelo e na le sebopeho se nahanoang ka har'a tafole.
| Sehlopha sa mantlha | |
| Sebopeho sa tlolo ea molao | Tlhaloso |
| Mokhabiso | Mokhoa oa Alimentary oa hypercholesterolemia o lula o na le kamano e haufi le tsela e tloaelehileng ea mokuli mme o tsoela pele ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha mekhoa e mebe ea ho ja. |
| Hypercholesterolemia ea bobeli | Mofuta oa bobeli oa hypercholesterolemia o hlaha ka lebaka la lits'ebetso tsa metabolic kapa pathologies tse amang metabolism. |
| Hypercholesterolemia ea mantlha | Tlhaho ea mantlha ea hypercholesterolemia ha e so ithutoe ke litsebi ka lebaka le itseng, ka lebaka lena ha ho na meriana e sebetsang e ka pholosang mokuli ho tsoa ho lefu le hlalositsoeng kapa la thibela kholo ea lona. |
Hypercholesterolemia ea mantlha e arotsoe ka malapa a homozygous, e tsoelang pele le ho hlaha ka lebaka la boteng ba motho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fetisitsoeng hang-hang ho tsoa ho batsoali ba 2, le lefu la heterozygous, ha a le mong feela ho batsoali a neng a e-na le mofuta. Mofuta oa ho qetela o hlaha ho 90% ea bakuli, athe homozygous hypertension ke taba e le 'ngoe ho tse sekete.
Lisosa ke life tse amanang le hypercholesterolemia?
Ho na le maemo a mangata a amanang le lefu la methapo a atisang ho ntšetsa pele hypercholesterolemia.
Mathata a joalo a bophelo bo botle a kenyeletsa:
- lefu la tsoekere,
- hypothyroidism
- nephrotic syndrome,
- maemo a amanang le sebete,
- ts'ebeliso e hlophisehileng ea litokisetso tse ling tsa meriana.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa kotsi li kenyeletsa:
- liphatsa tsa lefutso - SG,
- matšoao a boima ba 'mele, a atisang ho hlaha ka lebaka la khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng,
- khathatso ea mekhoa ea metabolic,
- tšusumetso e sa feleng ea mabaka a khatello ea maikutlo,
- ho hloka boikoetliso
- khatello ea kelello ea methapo,
- kamehla
- ja lijo tse se nang phepo.
Tlas'a boemo ba ho kopana ha lintlha tsena tse ngata, menyetla ea hypercholesterolemia e eketseha hangata, e leng ho hlokang hore ba shebane le maemo a bona le ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba bona bo tloaelehileng mabapi le bophelo bo botle.
Hypercholesterolemia ke eng?
Hypercholesterolemia ke mohopolo oa Mogerike o bolelang k'holeseterole e phahameng ea mali. Ketsahalo ena e ke ke ea bitsoa ka kutloisiso e tloaelehileng ea lefu lena, ho e-na le hoo, ke sesupo, leha ho le joalo, se kotsi ho batho.
E atile haholo hara karolo ea banna mme e ka baka maloetse a latelang:
- lefu la tsoekere
- cardiac ischemia
- lefu la gallstone
- cholesterol amana
- atherosulinosis
- ho nona haholo.
Hypercholesterolemia e hloekileng e ka fumanoa haeba litara e le 'ngoe ea cholesterol ea mali e na le 200 mg kapa ho feta. O fuoe khoutu ea mkb 10 - E78.0.
Cholesterol e feteletseng e tsoa kae?
Cholesterol ke ntho e tšoanang le mafura, boholo ba eona bo entsoeng ka 'mele ka bo eona' me ke karolo ea 20% feela e tsoang lijong. E hlokahala bakeng sa ho thehoa ha vithamine D, ho thehoa ha lintho tse khothaletsang tšilo ea lijo le ho etsoa hoa lihormone.
Ha ho na le hypercholesterolemia, 'mele ha o khone ho sebetsana le mafura ohle. Hangata sena se etsahala khahlano le semelo sa botona, ha motho a ja lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata le lijo tse joalo khafetsa lijong.
Hape, k'holeseterole e feteletseng e ka bonoa ka mafu le likhathatso tse latelang tsa 'mele:
- lefu la sebete
- hypothyroidism (ts'ebetso ea qoqotho e sa tsitsang),
- tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea meriana (li-progestins, li-steroid, diuretics),
- khatello ea kelello le khatello ea maikutlo,
- liphetoho molemong oa lihormone,
- nephrotic syndrome.
Mokhahlelong oa pele, matšoao ha a eo ka ho felletseng, a bonahala haholo nakong ea lefu lena. Hamorao, sena se fetolela matšoao a amanang le lefu la khatello ea mali kapa lefu la pelo, leo hangata le hlaha hangata ka lefu lena.
Mefuta ea lefu lena le liphapang tsa tsona
Psychology ena e thathamisitsoe ho latela mabaka a entseng hore e be teng.
Ka kakaretso, ho na le mefuta ea 3 ea lefu lena, ke tsena:
Foromo ea mantlha ha e sa ithutoa hanyane, kahoo kajeno ho ntse ho se na mokhoa oa ho netefatsa hore e felisitsoe. Empa, ho latela mohopolo oa Fredrickson, ke lefutso 'me qalong le ka hlaha mabapi le ho phatloha hoa liphatsa tsa lefutso. Sebopeho se homozygous ke phetiso ea lefu la ngoana ho ngoana ho tsoa ho batsoali ka bobeli, e leng heterozygous - mofuta o senyehileng o fetisetsoa ho e mong oa batsoali.
Ho na le lintlha tse 3:
- lipoprotein tse nang le bothata
- ho sithabela ha maikutlo
- synthetiki e haelloang ea li-enzyme tsa lipalangoang.
Mofuta oa bobeli oa hypercholesterolemia o se o ntse o e-na le mathata a itseng 'meleng le' mele, a ka kenyelletsa:
Sebopeho sa boraro, alimentary, se hlaha ka lebaka la bophelo bo sa lokang, mekhoa e mebe le ho haella ha lipapali.
Lisosa tsa eona e ka ba tse latelang:
- ho tsuba
- ho nwa haholo
- tšebeliso ea kamehla ea lijo tse mafura,
- lithethefatsi tsa narcotic
- ho se ikoetlise
- lijo tse se nang phepo e ntle ka likeketso tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Tsela ea kantle ea sebopeho ka seng e na le sebopeho se ts'oanang, ntle le lipontšo tsa kantle. Tlhahlobo eo e ka etsoa motheong oa tlhahlobo ea mali haeba boemo ba cholesterol bo feta 5,18 mmol ka litara e le 'ngoe.
Likarolo tsa hypercholesterolemia ea lelapa
Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea lelapa e qala ka nako ea tsoalo mme e tsamaea le bophelo bohle. Mofuta ona oa bokuli o hlaha ka sebopeho sa mantlha, o ntse o busa ka bongata, o fetisoa ho e mong oa batsoali (mofuta oa heterozygous) kapa ka bobeli (homozygous).
Karolong e fapaneng ea heterozygous, ke halofo feela ea li-receptor tsa B E tse sebetsang ho mokuli, mme khafetsa linyeoe li oela ho motho a le mong ho tsoa ho 500. Bathong ba joalo, cholesterol ea mali e batla e imenne makhetlo a mabeli ho feta e tloaelehileng, ho tloha ho 9 ho isa ho 12 mmol / litha.
Mofuta oa heterozygous oa hypercholesterolemia ea lelapa a ka tsejoa haeba:
- cholesterol esters in the tendons, e li etsa hore li shebahale hantle haholo,
- corneal lipid arch (e ka se bonoe),
- cardiac ischemia (ho banna kamora 40, ho basali esita le hamorao).
Hoa hlokahala ho phekola lefu lena ho tloha bongoaneng, ho tsamaisa prophylaxis le ho latela lijo. Ho bohlokoa hore u se ke oa lebala ka mehato ena bophelong bohle.
Mathata a pelo a qala pele ho lilemo tse 20, a ke ke a phekoloa ka moriana, ka hona ho hlokahala hore ho tšeloe sebete.
Ka homozygous ea lelapa hypercholesterolemia, litlolo ha li bonoe eseng feela tikolohong ea tendon, empa le litokoloseng, mangole, liqha esita le membrane ea mucous ea molomo.
Ho bile le likotsi tsa ho otla ha pelo ho masea a le mong le halofo. Bakeng sa kalafo, ho sebelisoa mekhoa e kang plasmapheresis kapa plasmosorption.
Ponahalo ea pele ea infraction ea myocardial e ka bua ka mofuta oa lefu la hypercholesterolemia, athe lintlha tse kang botenya le lefu la tsoekere ha li qheleloe ka thoko.
Liponahatso tsa kliniki
Hypercholesterolemia ke tsela e tobileng ea kholiseho ea atherosclerosis, phapang e feela ho botsitso, ho latela lebaka la lefu lena.
Ka hypercholesterolemia ea lelapa, lipoprotein li sitoa ho kopana le cholesterol, li e fetisetsa ho setho se seng le se seng se khethehileng.
Li-plaque tsa cholesterol le tsona lia hlaha, li lebisa mathateng a kang:
- pelo le mathata a pelo
- Mathata mosebetsing oa methapo ea methapo ea kutlo,
- phepelo e sa lekanyetsoang ea mali libakeng tsohle tsa 'mele.
Sena sohle se lebisa ho mafu a mang, empa ho na le monyetla oa ho fumana infraction ea myocardial esita le bongoaneng. Tekanyo ea cholelesterol e amahanngoa le mafu a boletsoeng esale pele. Lihlopheng tsohle tse nang le hypercholesterolemia li na le boemo ba ho ipeha kotsing bakeng sa mathata.
Phekolo ea lithethefatsi
Lithethefatsi tse latelang ke tsa litlhare tsa ho loantša lefu la kelello:
- Maemo
(k'holeseterole e tlase, fokotsa ho ruruha, e fana ka tšireletso likepeng tse sa tsitsang, empa e ka ba kotsi ho sebete, ka hona, lithethefatsi ha li lokele mafu a setho sena). - Ezetimibe (lithethefatsi tse joalo li thibela ho kenngoa ha cholesterol ke lisele, empa katleho ha e phahame haholo ka lebaka la hore boholo ba k'holeseterole e hlahisoa ke 'mele ka boeona),
- Fibrate (ho fokotsa li-triglycerides le ka nako e ts'oanang e eketsa litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa letsoele),
- Methapo e mengata (hlatsoa cholesterol ho tsoa ho mafura acid, empa bonyane ba hore e ka ama digestibility ea lijo le li-buds tsa tatso).
(k'holeseterole e tlase, fokotsa ho ruruha, e fana ka tšireletso likepeng tse sa tsitsang, empa e ka ba kotsi ho sebete, ka hona, lithethefatsi ha li lokele mafu a setho sena).Maemong a tebileng a lefu lena, ho hlokahala hore le hloekise mali, le laole sebopeho sa lona le thepa ea lona, hobane sena se nts'oa kantle ho mmele.
Lintlha tsa video tse tsoang ho Dr. Malysheva mabapi le lefu la hypercholesterolemia:
Mokhoa oa ho lokisa maemo ntle le lithethefatsi?
Hape, kalafo e sa sebeliseng lithethefatsi, eo mokuli a lokelang ho e etsa ka mor'a ho buisana le ngaka pele, e bapala karolo e nyane.
- ho boloka boima ka tekanyo e tloaelehileng,
- mesebetsi e amanang le lipapali,
- Ho hana mafura a liphoofolo,
- ho tlohela mekhoa e mebe.
Ho na le litlhare tse thusang ho loants'a hypercholesterolemia, empa li tlameha ho sebelisoa kamora lipuisano le ngaka, e le hore u se ke ua intša kotsi hape.
Matšoao a kantle le matšoao a bonts'ang boemo ba methapo
E sebetsa joalo ka sesupo se ikhethang, se ikemiselitseng feela ka ho fetisa liteko tse ling tsa laboratori, li-lipidograms ka ho khetheha, hypercholesterolemia e senola cholesterol e phahameng ea mali, liphetho tsa tsona tse sa fetoheng, hobane li na le matšoao a 'maloa:
- triglycerides
- high density lipoprotein,
- li-lipoprotein tse fokolang haholo.
Mosebetsi oa mantlha oa lipatlisiso tsa laboratori ke ho arola matšoao a fokotsehileng a k'holeseterole e le likarolo le ho tseba hore na lipoprotein tse nang le matšoao a fokolang a nang le methapo ea methapo e matla li matla li fehla marako a methapo ea methapo ea methapo.
Maemong a mang a tsoetseng pele hantle, pathology e ka ba le lipontšo tsa matšoao, ho latela moo setsebi se nang le monyetla oa ho hlahisa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa. Ho na le matšoao a 'maloa a itseng a bonts'ang ho bonts'a kholo ea kholo le ts'ebetso ea mofuta oa hypercholesterolemia.
Lipontšo tse joalo tsa kantle li kenyelletsa matšoao a joalo:
- Lipoid arc ea cornea, e sebetsang e le bopaki ba ho ba teng ha LH, ha lilemo tsa mokuli li sa fihle boemong ba lilemo tse 50.
- Xanthelasma, e leng li-nodule tsa 'mala o litšila tlasa sebopeho se holimo haholo sa li-eyelids, empa litone li kanna tsa se ke tsa bonahala ha motho a li sheba.
- Xanthomas (e bonts'itsoeng), e emeloang ke li-nodule tsa cholesterol tse fumanehang tlasa li-tendon.
Xanthomas le xanthelasms li ka khetholloa ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea botebo le boima. Qeto ea ho khetholla mokhoa oa ho tlosa o lokela ho khethoa ke ngaka.
Bongata bo ka sehloohong ba lipontšo ke matšoao feela a tsoelo-pele ea boemo ba pathological, boo butle-butle bo qalang ho ba le thupelo e boima le ho feta le palo e kholo ea maloetse a kopaneng. Video e sehloohong sena e bua ka likarolo tsa thupelo ea hypercholesterolemia.
Mekhoa ea ho hlahloba hypercholesterolemia
Ho a khonahala ho fumana tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea bongaka kamora phuputso ea sefahleho sa lipid, moo matšoao a k'holeseterole ka botlalo a tla aroloa likarolo tse peli - e le kotsi ebile e le bohlokoa ka lipalo tsa atherogenicity.
Ho fumana mofuta oa hypercholesterolemia, ho ka fanoa ka mekhoa ea ho itlhahloba e thusang, e kenyeletsang mefuta e latelang ea lithuto:
- kholiseho
- biochemistry ea mali
- lipid profil
- tlhahlobo ea mali ka kakaretso
- tlhatlhobo ea immunological
- tlhahlobo ea lefutso ea mali a litho tsa lelapa.
Litsenyehelo tsa tlhatlhobo ka laboratoring e ikemetseng li phahame hanyane ho feta setsing sa mmuso.
Haeba pathology e hlokomolohuoa, mathata a ka hlaha, a sa thabiseng ka ho fetisisa e leng atherosulinosis. Ho thibela nts'etsopele ea eona, ho khothalletsoa ho latela lijo tse itseng.
Na phepo e ka thusa ho imolla hypercholesterolemia?
Ho a khonahala ho theola cholesterol eseng feela ka ts'ebeliso ea meriana ea meriana, empa hape ha o latela lijo tse itseng, tseo ho tsona ho nang le lithibelo ho lijo tse nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa cholesterol. Ho khethoa ha phepo e nepahetseng ho kenyelletsa litsebi tse ngata tsa phepo e nepahetseng, kaha bothata ba k'holeseterole e phahameng ea mali bo atile haholo.
Ka lebaka leo, ho ile ha qaloa morero o khethehileng oa phepo e nepahetseng o lumellanang le likhothaletso molemong oa phepo e nepahetseng bakeng sa batho ba nang le hypercholesterolemia.
Bohlokoa! Ka lefu le joalo, phepo e ka sebetsa e le mohato o thusang ho phekolo ea mantlha kapa mohato oa thibelo ho thibela tsoelo-pele ea boemo ba pathological.
Lihlahisoa tse nang le lijo tse joalo tsa kalafo lia khethoa e le hore li ka tloaela mekhoa ea metabolic, hammoho le ho loants'a botenya.
Letšoao la phepelo ea lijo le hypercholesterolemia ke eng?
Ho ja lijo tse se nang k'holeseterole ha ho hlokahale kamehla. Setsebi se eang se tlameha ho etsa qeto mabapi le boeletsi ba sona ho latela matšoao a bophelo bo botle ba mokuli.
Taeo e tsamaisa litlhahiso tse latelang:
- Herederal predisposition ho hlaha hoa atherosclerosis, haholo-holo tlhaho ea coronary le arterial hypertension.
- Ka tloaelo ea ho ba le boima ba 'mele bo feteletseng.
- Ka lefu la gout kapa lefu la tsoekere.
- Ha ho na le cholesterolemia e eketsehileng le ha e thehoa ke lithuto tse phetoang tse phetoang hangata.
- Ka ho qala lipontšo tsa boemo ba lefu la sethoathoa.
Boteng ba tlhahlobo ea pele kapa ea bobeli, lijo tse haellang cholesterol ha se tlhokahalo e matla, leha ho le joalo ho eletsoa ho latela kamora lilemo tse 40. Mekgwa e setseng, haholoholo mmoho le tse mmalwa tsa tsona, ke sesupo se tobileng sa ho latela sejo sena.
Melao ea mantlha ea lijo le hypercholesterolemia
Haeba hypercholesterolemia e fumanoa, lijo li bolela melao-motheo e latelang:
- Hoa hlokahala hore butle-butle u fokotse palo e felletseng ea likhalori, haholo-holo ka ho ikoetlisa 'meleng - u se ke ua feta likhalori tsa khalori, e leng ntho e tloaelehileng ho bong le lilemo.
- Hoa hlokahala hore u hane lijo ha u robala 'me u shebelle matšoao a boima ba' mele, u sa li lumelle hore li fete ho tloaelehileng ho BMI.
- Hoa hlokahala ho felisa ka botlalo mafura a liphoofolo lijong.
- Ho bohlokoa ho nka halofo ea mafura ka oli ea meroho e tlatsitsoeng ka mafura acid.
- Ho hlokahala hore lijo tse tloaelehileng li na le livithamine tsa B12 le B6 tse amohelehang.
- Ho a khonahala ho tlohela mefuta e nang le mafura a fokolang ka tekanyo lijong, empa feela ka tekanyo e tlase e hlokahalang mme o sa e hlekefetse.
- Tekanyo ea letsoai ka lijaneng e lokela ho fokotsoa haholo, haholo ho bakuli ba tloaetseng ho fetoha ke khatello ea maikutlo. Empa, sena se hlokahala hore se etsoe ntle le tahlehelo ea takatso ea lijo le matšoao a akaretsang a bophelo bo botle. Ho lokela ho bontšoa se tšoanang mabapi le mokelikeli.
- Ha u khetha "litafole tsa lijo" hoa hlokahala ho lemoha mefuta eohle ea litatso le ho se fetole mekhoa ea thibelo e le kotlo.
Re lokela ho hopola hore ho tsitsipana ho feteletseng ha ho latela litaelo tsa lijo ho ka baka kotsi ho feta ho loka. Tlhokahalo ea ho latela litlhoko tsohle ho isa lintlha tse nyane le lithibelo tse loketseng mafu a mofets'e oa mpa, le hypercholesterolemia le liso tsa methapo ea methapo e mpa e mpefatsa boemo ba neurotic.
Har'a lintho tse ling, o hloka ho utloisisa hore phepo e joalo ea phepo e hlokahalang bophelong bohle mme ka lebaka lena lithibelo tse thata ha li amohelehe, hobane boemo bo botle ba kelello ba maikutlo ba mokuli ha bo bohlokoa joalo ka sebopeho sa pheko ho fapana le phepo ea phepo.
Hypercholesterolemia ke lets'oao le bonts'ang cholesterol e phahameng ea mali. Mokhelo ke mefuta e futsitsoeng ea hypercholesterolemia, eo ho nkoang hore ke karolo e ikemetseng ea nalological.
Cholesterol ke joala bo sa koahelang metsi ka bongata. Boholo ba eona (80%) e entsoe ka sebete, se setseng le lijo. Karolo ea organic e etsa mesebetsi e mengata ea bohlokoa:
- e bohlokoa bakeng sa tlatsetso ea vithamine D, lihormone tsa steroid,
- motheo oa motsoako oa mafura acid,
- e laola ho fumaneha ha sele,
- e sireletsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ho chefo ea hemolytic.
Cholesterol ha e khone ho tsamaea ka bolokolohi ho tsoa mali, e thehiloeng holim'a metsi. Tsamaiso ea hae e ne e kenyelletsa lipoprotein - mechini e rarahaneng e nang le molek'hule ea protheine le mafura. Mafura a mangata ho feta sebopeho sa 'ona, a theola letsoalo la tsona. Letšoao lena le khetholla lipoprotein tsa tlase haholo (VLDL), low (LDL), kati (LPSP), density e phahameng (HDL), hammoho le limolek'hule tse kholo ka ho fetisisa - chylomicrons. Kakaretso ea mefuta eohle ea lipoprotein ke "cholesterol e felletseng", e leng e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa biochemical tsa metabolism ea mafura.
LDL, VLDL e nkoa e le atherogenic - e kenya letsoho kholisong ea atherosclerosis. K'holeseterole e amanang le bona e "mpe." HDL ka lehlakoreng le leng ke lintho tse khahlanong le atherogenic, ke hore, tse thibelang li-amana tsa atherosselotic. Sterol e amanang le lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo e bitsoa "hantle."
Ka tekanyo e tloaelehileng, karo-karo ea lintho tsena, menyetla ea ho ba le lefu la atherosulinosis e ke keng ea qojoa. Tsohle li fetoha ha sekala se robehile. Ho fetella ha lipoprotein tsa atherogenic "ho khomarela" ho sa tsotelloeng leha e le hofe, ho ruruha ha lebota la sekepe. E ncha e khomarela matheba a manyane, ea hola, butle-butle e sitisa phallo ea mali. Qetellong, sebopeho se ka fihla tekanyo e kholo hoo se thibelang lumen ea sekepe.
Lisosa tsa methapo ea methapo ea kutlo
Hypercholisterinemia ea mantlha (ea lelapa) ke lefu la kelello le e-s’o ka le hlahlojoa ka botlalo. Ka hona, ha ho na sesebelisoa se joalo se ka netefatsoang ho thibela ketsahalo ea sona.
Mabaka a ka sehloohong a ho hlaha ha hypercholisterinemia e nkoa e le:
- Liphoso sebopeho sa protheine ea lipoprotein.Ha ba khone ho kena-kenana le lisele tsa litho, cholesterol e ke ke ea kena ho tsona,
- Tlhahiso e theohileng ea li-enzyme tsa "lipalangoang". Ho thehiloe ho haella ha k'holeseterole sebakeng se le seng le ho feteletseng sebakeng se seng,
- Mathata a liseleng tsa lisele. Ba lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba bona ba ho ikopanya le lipoprotein.
Lisosa tsa hypercholesterolemia ea bobeli e ka ba:
- Hypothyroidism (mathata a teng gland ea tšoelesa)
- Lefu la tsoekere (mathata a "ho tsamaisoa" ha tsoekere ho lisele tsa 'mele),
- Psychology e kotsi ea hepatic (tlolo ea duct ea sebete),
- Tšebeliso ea meriana e meng (diuretics, beta-blockers).
Tšebeliso e feteletseng ea mafura a liphoofolo ke lona lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho hlaha ha hypercholesterolemia bongata ba bakuli.
Litlhare tsa setso
Phekolo ea hypercholesterolemia e fana ka mokhoa o kopaneng. Ho thusa ho rarolla mathata a cholesterol, meriana ea setso ea fumaneha, e theko e tlase ebile e bolokehile.
Ka hypercholesterolemia, phello e ntle e fanoa ke:
- Rosehip. 20 g ea monokotsoai o omisitsoeng o tšela khalase ea metsi a belang. Pheha metsotso e 15, sefahleho. Noa halofo ea khalase habeli ka letsatsi,
- Immortelle. 10 g ea lipalesa tse khethiloeng li tšela khalase ea metsi. Pheha metsotso e 30. Noa ka mpeng e se nang letho le khaba ea sopho makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi. Khoso ke khoeli. Kamora matsatsi a phomolo a matsatsi a 10, kalafo e ka tsoela pele,
- Oache e makhasi a mararo. Fafatsa makhasi a sehiloeng ka har'a lijo tse phehiloeng joalo ka ha li lisa,
Lebese le bolaeang. Grola lipeo ho ba phofo. Nka tee ka lijo, - Garlic. 350 g, konofolo e khethiloeng e tšela khalase ea joala. Kenya letsatsi sebakeng se lefifi. Noa makhetlo a 2-3 ka letsatsi: marotholi a 20 ka khalase ea lebese,
- Morara Kamora ho qekotsa, khabeloa khabeloa, eketsa lihoete tse halikiloeng, likhaba tse peli tsa mahe a linotsi, li-walnuts tse peli tse khotsoeng le halofo ea khalase ea kefir (nonfat). Hlohlelletsa, noe hang ka letsatsi.
Sampula ea letsatsi le le leng
Lijo tsa hypercholesterolemia li fapane ebile li bonolo. Lenaneo ha lea lokela ho baka mathata a itseng. Mokuli a ke ke a ja ntle le nama, a mo jeng ka thabo. Ntho ea bohlokoa ke hore ha ea lokela ho ba le mafura le ho halikisoa.
Ka mohlala, lijo tsa letsatsi le le leng li ka ba le:
- Lijoa tsa hoseng: oatmeal e nang le morara o omisitsoeng, tee e tala,
- Lijo tsa motšeare: litholoana tsa morara,
- Lijo tsa motšeare: sopho ea meroho, raese e phehiloeng le sengoathoana sa veal e phehiloeng ka mafura, lero la apole,
- Snack: decoction ea rose lethe, litholoana tse ncha,
- Lijo tsa mantsiboea: casserole ea cottage chisi, tee ea limela
- Bosiu u ka noela khalase ea kefir. Palo eohle ea bohobe ka letsatsi ha ea lokela ho feta 120 g.
Lisosa tsa lefu lena
Fameral hypercholesterolemia ke litholoana tsa phetoho ea mofuta oa tlhaho e laolang kholera ea cholesterol.
Foromo ea bobeli e hlaha e le sesupo se lumellanang le mafu a sebete, moo ho leng thata ha bile, lefu la tsoekere kapa hypothyroidism ho leng thata. Ka linako tse ling mathata a lipid metabolism ke iatrogenic ka tlhaho mme a amahanngoa le tsela e telele ea kalafo le lithethefatsi tse ling.
Lisosa tsa maemong a mangata a hypercholesterolemia ke liphoso tsa lijo. Ho sebelisa mafura a liphoofolo ka bongata ho etsa hore cholesterol e eketsehe. Tšebeliso ea nako e le 'ngoe ea lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata li tsamaisana le hypercholesterolemia ea nakoana, ha motho a tloaetse ho ja lijo tse mafura, k'holeseterole e phahameng e lula e le teng kamehla.
Lintho tse kotsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele le tsoelo-pele ea hypercholesterolemia li tšoana le bakeng sa atherosclerosis. Tse ling tsa tsona lia fetoha. Pele ho tsohle, ke mokhoa oa bophelo, litloaelo tsa ho ja, litloaelo tse mpe. Bakuli ba nang le mofuta oa ka mpeng oa botena, lefu la tsoekere le lefu la sethoathoa sa methapo ea methapo ba tla thatafalloa le ho feta.
Kotsi ea ho ba le mathata a metabolism ea lipid ho banna e phahame ho feta ho basali, e eketseha ka lilemo. Sehlopha se kotsing e kholo se kenyelletsa batho ba nang le nalane ea malapa ea hypercholesterolemia, linyeoe tsa lefu la pelo ka tšohanyetso, lefu le bolaeang la myocardial le lichapo.
Liphetho le mathata
Hypercholesterolemia e hloekileng ka tlhaho e tsoella ho atherosulinosis, e leng lefu le lebisang ho kenngoeng ha marako a methapo le ho fokotseha ha lumen ea methapo ea mali ka lebaka la ho theoa ha li-cholesterol deposits. Ho ipapisitse le sebaka seo lesion le tsoang ho lona, khatello ea methapo ea methapo ea mali, lefu la pelo le methapo, litla-morao tse hlahang khahlano le semelo sa atherosclerosis. Ka ho ruruha ha methapo ea pelo, menyetla ea ho hlaseloa ke pelo le ho otloa ke stroke e eketseha. Ntle le ischemia e sa foleng e amanang le ho fokotseha butle-butle ha lesapo la mokokotlo, ho ka khoneha hore mathata a hlobaetsang: thrombosis le vasuronembolism ea vascular, hammoho le vasoconstriction ea spastic.
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