Ke ngaka efe eo ke lokelang ho ikopanya le eona ka tsoekere e phahameng ea mali?

Sebaka sa marang-rang se fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le lintlha feela. Ho hlahloba le ho phekola maloetse ho lokela ho etsoa ka tlasa taolo ea setsebi. Lithethefatsi tsohle li na le li-contraindication. Kopo ea setsebi e hlokahala!

Ke ngaka efe eo ke lokelang ho ikopanya le eona haeba tsoekere ea ka ea mali e phahame kapa e tlaase?

Boholo ba linyeoe tse nang le ho eketseha kapa ho fokotsehile tsoekere ea mali lokela ho ikopanya endocrinologist (motho e moholo kapa ngoana) (ingolisa), ho tloha ka matšoao a sa tloaelehang hangata tsoekere mali a bakoa ke mafu a gland ea endocrine (manyeme, tšoelesa ea qoqotho, gland, joalo-joalo), tlhahlobo le kalafo tseo e leng bokhoni ba endocrinologist.

Ke hore, ka tekanyo e sa tloaelehang ea tsoekere ea mali (e phahameng kapa e tlase), o lokela ho lula o buisana le setsebi sa endocrinologist ntle le linyeoe tse 'maloa tseo re fanang ka tsona ka tlase.

Haeba motho a kile a buuoa ka mpeng kapa duodenum nakong e fetileng, joale boemong bona, ka tekanyo e tlase ea tsoekere maling, o lokela ho ikopanya ngaka ka kakaretso kapa gastroenterologist (ingolise), kaha maemong a joalo ho hlokahala hore u fetole mokhoa oa ho ja le ho khetha meriana e hlokahalang e le hore lijo li ka kenella ka botlalo tšebelisong ea mpa. Empa haeba motho a entse opereishene ka mpeng kapa duodenum, 'me a e-na le tsoekere e phahameng ea mali, o lokela ho ikopanya le endocrinologist, hobane maemong a joalo ha se bothata ba tšilo ea lijo, empa ke mofuta o mong o fapaneng.

Ntle le moo, haeba motho a e-na le tsoekere e tlase ea mali e kopantsoeng le lets'ollo, bohloko ba ka mpeng, ho theola boima ba 'mele, bofokoli ba kelello, ho tšoha, le ho ferekana ho lekanang le metsi-electrolyte, o lokela ho ikopanya le ngaka ea mafu a marang-rang, kaha lefu la malabsorption le belaelloa maemong a joalo. Haeba, hammoho le matšoao a tšoanang, tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali e phahame, joale o hloka ho ikopanya le endocrinologist.

Haeba tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali e theoletsoe kapa e eketseha ka lebaka la bohloko bo tsoang ho hypochondrium e nepahetseng, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho omella le ho hlonama ka hanong, ho lapa, ho hloka takatso ea lijo, jaundice, leqeba la letlalo, mali a esophageal le hemorrhoidal, a belaelloa ke lefu le matla la sebete. Boemong bona, ka kopo ikopanye hepatologist (sign up). Haeba u sa khone ho ea ho hepatologist, ho hlokahala hore u ikopanye le gastroenterologist kapa psychologist.

Ke liteko life le tlhahlobo tseo ngaka e ka u behelang tsona bakeng sa tsoekere e tlase kapa e phahameng?

Kaha litekanyetso tsa tsoekere ea mali li fokotseha kapa li phahama ka mabaka a fapaneng, ngaka e ka fana ka lethathamo le fapaneng la litlhahlobo le litlhahlobo mohlaleng ka mong, ho latela hore na o belaella lefu lefe. Sena se bolela hore lethathamo la liteko le tlhahlobo tse behiloeng ke ngaka maemong ka mong li latela matšoao a tsamaeang le ona, a lumellang motho ho belaella lefu le itseng. Nahana ka liteko le liteko tseo u ka li laeloang ke ngaka e nang le tsoekere e tlase kapa e phahameng, ho latela motho e mong matšoao.

Ha tsoekere e tlase ea mali e kopantsoe le lets'ollo, bohloko ba ka mpeng, khaello ea boima ba 'mele, bofokoli, ho tšoha le ho ferekana ha tekano ea electrolyte ea metsi, ho belaelloa lefu la malabsorption, mme ntlheng ena, ngaka e beha liteko le litlhahlobo tse latelang:

• Teko e akaretsang ea mali (ingolise),
• Coagulogram (PTI, INR, APTTV, TV, fibrinogen, jj.) (Saena),
• Teko ea mali a biochemical (ho saena) (protheine e felletseng, albin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, bilirubin (ho saena)alkaline phosphatase, AcAT, AlAT, jj),
• Li-electrolyte tsa mali (calcium, potasiamo, sodium, chlorine),
• Ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea litoeba,
• Tlhahlobo ea bacteriological ea makhopho,
• Tlhatlhobo ea makhopho bakeng sa steatorrhea (palo ea mafura a mangata),
• Teko ea D-xylose
• Teko ea Shilling
• Teko ea lactose
• Tlhahlobo ea LUND le PABK,
• Qeto ea boemo ba "trypsin" bo sa sebetseng maling.
• Teko ea Hydrogen le Carbon Breath
• Ho bona x-ray (ho saena),
• Ultrasound ea litho tsa ka mpeng (e ingolisa),
• Tomography (multispiral computed kapa boselamose) lesapo la ka mpeng
• Intestinal Endoscopy (ngoliso).

Pele ho tsohle, nakong ea tlhahlobo ea malabsorption, tlhahlobo ea mali le ea biochemical, coagulogram, boikemisetso ba li-electrolyte maling, liteko tsa setulo sa bacteriological, tlhahlobo ea steatorrhea, tlhahlobo ea D-xylose / liteko tsa ho bala. Ultrasound (saena) le x-ray ea litho tsa ka mpeng. Ke lithuto tsena tse etsoang pele, hobane li etsa hore ho khonehe ho khetholla malabsorption syndrome le ho theha sesosa sa eona maemong a mangata. Haeba ho na le monyetla oa botekgeniki, ebe ho latela tomography e eketsehileng bakeng sa ho bona lefu la ka mpeng.

Teko e 'ngoe ea phefumoloho ea haedrojene kapa khabone e ka boela ea ngolloa ho hlahloba libaktheria tsa litšila tsa mala. Empa, haeba e abetsoe tlhatlhobo ea endoscopic (ingolise) mala (a sebelisoang joalo ka mokhoa oa tlatsetso), o lumellang ho lekola boemo ba setho le ho nka karolo ea litaba ho hlahloba tšilafalo ea limela le pathogenic biopsy (ingolise) bakeng sa histology, ebe liteko tsa phefumoloho ha li etsoe. Liteko tsa LUND le PABA, hammoho le boemo ba trypsin ea immunoreactive, li fanoa feela haeba ho e-na le lipelaelo tsa pancreatic pathology, e le sesosa sa lefu la malabsorption. Haeba, joalo ka sesosa sa malabsorption, ho belaela ho haella ha enzyme ea lactase, ntle le lithuto tse tlang pele, tlhahlobo ea lactose e behiloe.

Ha tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali e sa tloaeleha, 'me ka holim'a moo, motho o utloa bohloko ka har'a hypochondrium e nepahetseng, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho omella le ho hlonama ka hanong, ho ruruha, takatso e fokolang ea lijo, jaundice, leqeba letlalong, madi a tsoang methapong ea esophagus le methapong ea hemorrhoidal, ngaka e belaela lefu le matla la sebete, mme ntlheng ena o beha liteko le litlhahlobo tse latelang:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Palo ea liplatelete maling (saena),
• Urinalysis
• Tlhahlobo ea biochemical ea mali (protheine e felletseng, albin, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, AcAT, AlAT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, lipase, amylase, potasiamo, sodium, chlorine, calcium),
• Coagulogram (APTTV, PTI, INR, TV, fibrinogen),
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa vaerase ea hepatitis A, B, C le D (e saena),
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa boemo ba li-immunoglobulins (ho ingolisa),
• Ultrasound ea sebete (ho saena),
• Tomography (e hlophisitsoeng kapa e nang le matla a khoheli),
• Sebaka sa biopsy.

Hangata, liteko tsena kaofela li fanoa hang-hang, ntle le tomography le sebete biopsy, hobane ho hlokahala hore li hlahlobe boemo ba setho le ho tseba lefu le nepahetseng. Tomography hangata e etsoa e le mokhoa oa ho kopanya le ultrasound, haeba setsi sa bongaka se na le monyetla o joalo. A biopsy ea sebete e khethoa feela ka mor'a hore ho be le lithuto tse ngata, haeba ho latela liphetho tsa bona, ho belaelloang hlahala kapa metastases sebeteng.

Haeba nakong e fetileng motho o ile a etsoa opereishene ka mpeng kapa duodenum, 'me joale a theoletse tsoekere ea mali, kamora ho ja, ho na le bohloko ba ka mpeng, bolutu, mala, mala, ho hlapoloha, ho ruruha, ho opeloa ke pelo ka lebaka la ho buuoa, mme ntlheng ena, ngaka e beha liteko le litlhahlobo tse latelang:

• X-ray ea mpa (saena) le mala ntle le mahareng
• Teko e susumetsang (sirapo e monate e fuoa ho tsosetsa ho lahla),
• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Urinalysis
• Tlhahlobo ea biochemical ea mali (protheine e felletseng, albin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, amylase, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, AcAT, AlAT, potasiamo, calcium, chlorine, sodium, jj.),
• Boikemisetso ba maemo a insulin maling,
• Ts'ebetso ea ho hlahloba litheko.

Ka tloaelo, liteko tsohle tse kaholimo bakeng sa ho belaelloa ha ho lahloa li laeloa hang-hang, hobane li hlokahala ho hlahloba boemo le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea tšilo ea lijo, mme ba sa etse tlhahlobo ea mafu, eo, ka mohopolo, e hlakileng motheong oa matšoao a ts'ebetso ea bongaka e fetileng ka mpeng. kapa duodenum.

Haeba tsoekere e tlase ea mali e kopantsoe le ho lahleheloa ke potency ho banna, amenorrhea (khaello ea ho ea khoeling) ho basali, ho lahleheloa ke moriri ho pubis, manonyeletso, atrophy ea setho sa botšehali, ho fokotseha haholo ha boima ba 'mele, atrophy ea mesifa, ho peeling le ho tsikinyeha ha letlalo, ho opa ha masapo le meno , ho tepella, ho otsela, khatello e tlase ea mali, ho fokotseha ho hanyetsa tšoaetso, mafu a tšilo ea lijo, ho se tsebe ho hopola hantle, ho fokotsa tlhokomelo, hypopituitarism e belaelloa, mme ntlheng ena, ngaka e beha tse latelang Litlhahlobo tse ling le liteko:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Teko ea mali a biochemical (proteni e felletseng, albin, cholesterol, bilirubin, amylase, lipase, AcAT, AlAT, alkaline phosphatase, jj.),
• Tlhahlobo ea mali le moroto ho banna le basali bakeng sa ho kenella ha lihormone tse susumetsang tsa qoqotho (TSH) (ho ingolisa)thyroxine (T4), hormone ea adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), hormone ea kholo (STH), prolactin (ho saena)cortisol
• Liteko tsa mali le moroto ho basali bakeng sa khatello ea methapo ea 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-ACS), luteinizing hormone (LH), hormone e tsosang follicle (FSH) le estradiol,
• Teko ea mali ho banna bakeng sa mahloriso a testosterone,
• Liteko tsa ho hlohlelletsa ka li-hormone tse lokollang, metirapone, insulin,
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa litaba tsa somatomedin-C (insulin-like factor factor - IGF-1),
• Tomography (khomphutha (ho saena), boselamose kapa positron emission) ea boko,
• Cone lateral cranaography ea Setaliana sa Turkey,
• Cerebral angiography (sign up),
• Chest x-ray (ho saena), skeleton bones (sign up), ma-skulls (ngolla) le lesapo la mokokotlo (saena),
• Teko ea masimo a pono (ingolise).

Lithuto tsohle tse kaholimo hangata li laetsoe hanghang, hobane li hlokahala bakeng sa ho etsa tlhahlobo le ho fumana boemo ba litho le litsamaiso tse fapaneng, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa khetho ea kalafo e lekaneng nakong e tlang.

Haeba tsoekere e tlase ea mali e kopantsoe le 'mala oa bronze letlalong le mucous ea mokokotlo, bofokoli, ho hlatsa, lets'ollo, ho akheha khafetsa, le ts'oaetso ea pelo, ho belaela lefu la Addison, mme ntlheng ena, ngaka e beha tlhahlobo le litlhahlobo tse latelang:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Urinalysis
• Khemistri ea mali
• Liteko tsa mali le urine bakeng sa khatello ea cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone,
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa karolelano ea li-hormone tsa adrenocorticotropic (ACTH),
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa li-antibodies ho antigen ea 21-hydroxylase,
• Teko ea bohloeki ea ACTH,
• Mohlala oa insulin glycemia,
• Ultrasound ea lihlahala tsa adrenal (ho saena),
• Tomography (e kopantsoeng kapa e hlahisang matla a makenete) ea litšoelesa tsa adrenal kapa bokong.

Pele ho tsohle, ngaka e fana ka tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea mali le urine, tlhahlobo ea mali e nang le biochemical, tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa khatello ea cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, ACTH le ultrasound ea adrenal gland, hobane lithuto tsena li etsa hore ho khonehe ho fumana lefu la addison. Haeba khatello ea ACTH e belaela, joale ho fanoa ka tlhahlobo ea ts'usumetso. Ho feta moo, haeba lefu la lefu la mantlha la Addison le belaelloa (ho eketseha ha mahlaseli a ACTH), ho latela tlhahlobo ea "adrenal gland tomography" le tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa ho ba teng ha li-antibodies ho antigen ea 21-hydroxylase e fuoe lisosa. Haeba lefu la bobeli la Addison (ACTH ka tlase ho tloaelehileng) le belaelloa, joale ho hlahlojoa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ea insulin glycemia le tomography ea bongo.

Haeba tsoekere e tlase ea mali e kopantsoe le makhetlo a mangata a ho thothomela, tšabo, maloetse a litšila, ho sitoa ho bua le ho bona pono, ho buoa ka marang-rang (ho utloa lintho ka lebaka la ho koenya, ho akheha, ho tsikinyeha, jj), ebe insulinoma (tumello ea pancreatic e hlahisang insulin) e belaelloa ), mme ntlheng ena, pele ho tsohle, ngaka e fana ka taelo liteko tse sebetsang (ingolise). Taba ea pele, ho etsoa liteko tsa ho itima lijo kapa tlhahlobo ea khatello ea "insulin", eo ka eona phetoho ea boemo ba tsoekere e fumanoang ka lebaka la boemo bo tlase ba insulin maling. Hangata ho etsoa ntho e le 'ngoe: ekaba tlhahlobo ea ho itima lijo kapa liteko tse hatellang tsa insulin. Ho feta moo, ho etsoa tlhahlobo ea mahlaba ea insulin. Haeba liphetho tsa liteko tsena li lumella hore insulin e belaelloe, ho fanoa ka litlhahlobo tse latelang tsa ts'ebetso le ho etsoa ho e netefatsa: Ultrasound ea manyeme (sign up) le scudigraphy ea ka mpeng, pancreatic magnetic resonance imaging (saena)khetha angiography (sign up) ka sampole ea mali e tsoang methapong ea portal. Haeba nakong ea liteko tse bonts'itsoeng tsa insulinoma li lula li na le lipelaelo, ho ka fanoa ka tlhahlobo e 'ngoe ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo. laparoscopy (Sign up).

Haeba motho a e-na le matšoao a ho ferekana kelellong (tsoekere e tlase ea mali, bofokoli, ho otsela, ho qeta boima ba 'mele, ho nahana butle le ho bua, ho chilliness, hypotension) kapa hyperthyroidism (tsoekere e phahameng ea mali, ho thothomela, ho hloka boroko, mahlo a tšohang, ho ruruha, ho se mamelle mocheso, khatello e phahameng ea mali, ho se ts'oenyehe, ho phahloha ,onda), ngaka e fana ka liteko le litlhahlobo tse latelang:

• Tlhahlobo ea biochemical ea mali (ntle le matšoao a mang, boikemisetso ba khatello ea cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein tse tlase le tse phahameng li hlile li kenyelelitsoe),
• Boikemisetso ba litekanyo tsa mali tsa triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), qoqotho e susumetsang ea qoqotho (TSH),
• Boikemisetso ba ho ba teng ha li-antibodies ho thyroglobulin (AT-TG) le thyroperoxidase (AT-TPO) (ingolise),
• Ultrasound ea tšoelesa ea qoqotho,
• Sethala sa "thyroid",
• Mofuta o motle thyroid biopsy (ho saena).

Ka tloaelo, litlhahlobo tsohle tse kaholimo li beoa hanghang, ntle le nale e ntle ea biopsy, hobane li hlokahala bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea hypothyroidism kapa hyperthyroidism, hammoho le ho tseba sesosa sa lefu la kelello. Ho buuoa biopsy bakeng sa tumela ea qoqotho e belaelloang.

Haeba tsoekere e phahameng ea mali e kopantsoe le boima ba tsoalo e tlase, phokolo ea mali, "rashes" e khubelu, stomatitis, gingivitis (ho ruruha ha marenene), glossitis (ho ruruha leleme), lets'ollo, vaginitis ho basali le balanitis ho banna, ebe glucagon (tumello ea pancreatic e hlahisang glucagon hormone), mme boemong bona, ngaka e beha liteko le litlhahlobo tse latelang:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Teko ea mali a biochemical (boemo ba cholesterol bo tlameha ho tsejoa),
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa khatello ea tsoekere
• Teko ka tolbutamide, arginine le somatostatin analogues,
• Ultrasound ea manyeme le litho tsa ka mpeng,
• Tomography (e hlophisitsoeng kapa e hlahisang matla a makenete) ea manyeme,
• Fapanya scintigraphy,
• Angiography e khethiloeng.

Haeba glucagon e belaelloa, litlhahlobo tsena kaofela li ngolloa hang-hang, ntle le haeba ho fapana le lintlha tse ngata tse mabapi le scintigraphy le lingiography tse khethiloeng, e leng mekhoa ea lipatlisiso e eketsehileng.

Haeba tsoekere e phahameng ea mali e kopantsoe le botenya (ho feta moo, mafura a beoa sefahlehong, mpa, molala, sefuba le mokokotlo ka maoto le matsoho a tšesaane), thipa ea menopausal, e tšesaane ka letlalo mokokotlong oa lithapo, molumo o moholo oa mokokotlo o khomarelang pele "mpa, letlalo le marang, makhopho, masapo a sekho, mathata a pelo, ngaka e belaella lefu la Itsenko-Cushing mme e beha liteko le liteko tse latelang ho e netefatsa:

• Boikemisetso ba khoholeho ea cortisol mochine oa letsatsi le letsatsi,
• Teko ea Dexamethasone.

Litlhatlhobo tsena tse peli li u lumella ho netefatsa lefu la Itsenko-Cushing, 'me hape, ho lekola maemo a akaretsang a mmele le ho tseba sesosa sa lefu lena, ngaka e beha liteko le litlhahlobo tse latelang:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Teko ea mali a biochemical (ho hlokahala ho bona hore na cholesterol, potasiamo, calcium, sodium le chlorine),
• Urinalysis bakeng sa pokello ea li-hydroxyketosteroids tse 11 le li-ketophone tse 17,
• Tomography (e kopantsoeng kapa e hlahisang matla a makenete) ea tšoelesa ea adrenal le gland
• Adrenal scintigraphy
• X-ray (kapa complication tomography) ea lesapo la mokokotlo le sefuba.

Haeba tsoekere e phahameng ea mali e kopantsoe le 'mele o moholo haholo (gigantism) kapa katoloso ea nko, litsebe, molomo, maoto le matsoho (acromegaly), hammoho le hlooho le bohloko bo kopaneng, ho belaelloa tlhahiso ea lihormone tsa kholo (somatostatin),' me Maemong ana, ngaka e beha liteko le litlhahlobo tse latelang:

• Boikemisetso ba litekanyetso tsa mali tsa hormone ea kholo hoseng le kamora tlhahlobo ea glucose,
• Boikemisetso ba insulin-factor factor (IRF-I) maling,
• Boikemisetso ba boemo ba somatotropin maling,
• Mohlala ka mojaro oa tsoekere ka boikemisetso ba litekanyo tsa li-hormone tsa kholo kamora metsotso e 30, hora e le 'ngoe, lihora tse 1.5 le lihora tse 2 kamora ho kenella ha tsoekere.
• Teko ea mamello ea Glucose (ingolise),
• Tšimo ea pono
• X-ray ea lehata,
• Brain tomography (e kopantsoeng kapa ea matla a khoheli).

Ka tloaelo, liteko tsohle le litlhahlobo tse kaholimo li laetsoe hang-hang (ntle le Tomography), hobane li hlokahala bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lefutso (ligomegaly kapa gigantism). Haeba hlahala e belaela ka hore e hlahisitsoe ke X-ray ea lehata, ho joalo le ka bokamoso bo hlophisitsoeng.

Haeba motho, ntle le tsoekere e phahameng ea mali, a na le keketseho e phehellang ea khatello ea mali, maqhubu a letlalo, sefahleho sa khatello ea sefahleho le sefubeng, lerotholi la khatello ha a eme setulong kapa setulong sa leshano, le litlhaselo tsa nako le nako ha ho tšoenyeha, ts'abo, ho thothomela, ho hlohlona, ​​ho opeloa ke hlooho, ho fufuleloa, makhopho, ho phahama ho hoholo ha khatello ea mali, bohloko ba pelo, ho nyekeloa le pelo le molomo o ommeng, ebe pheochromocytoma (tumello ea adrenal e hlahisang lintho tse sebetsang) e belaelloa, moo ho joalo ngaka e beha liteko le litlhahlobo tse latelang:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Khemistri ea mali
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa lintho tse fumanehang (potasiamo, sodium, chlorine, calcium, phosphorus, jj),
• Liteko tsa mali le tsa moroto bakeng sa khatello ea li-catecholamines (adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine),
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa chlorogranin A,
• Liteko tse khothatsang le tse hatellang,
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) (rekoto),
• Ultrasound ea litšoelesa tsa adrenal,
• Tomography (e lekantsoeng kapa e hlahisang matla a makenete) ea litsoelesa tsa adrenal,
• Adrenal scintigraphy
• Kheleke urology (ngolla),
• Arteriography ea methapo ea kutlo le ea adrenal.

Pele ho tsohle, ho netefatsa ts'oaetso ea pheochromocytoma le ho fumana hore na e hokae, ngaka e fana ka tlhahlobo ea mali le ea biochemical, tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa lintlha tse fumanehang, khatello ea catecholamines, chromogranin A, electrocardiogram le ultrasound ea adrenal gust. Ke lithuto tsena tseo maemong a mangata li u lumellang ho khetholla hlahala le ho lekola boemo ba litho tsa setho, ke ka hona ba sebelisoang e le taba ea bohlokoa. Haeba ho na le monyetla oa botekgeniki, ultrasound e tlatselletsoa ke tomography, eo ka eona u ka fumanang tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka boemo ba setho le sebopeho sa tumor. Scintigraphy, urography le arteriography hangata li fanoa e le mekhoa e meng ea tlhatlhobo haeba ho hlokahala ho fumana tlhahisoleseling efe kapa efe e ikhethang mabapi le ts'ebetso e sebetsang le phallo ea mali methapong ea adrenal le liphio. 'Me liteko tse susumetsang le tse hatellang li khethoa hangata, hobane nakong ea ts'ebetso ea bona ho ka etsahala ho fumana litlamorao tse fosahetseng le tse fosahetseng, ka lebaka leo litaba tsa boleng le boleng ba mekhoa ena ea tlhahlobo li leng tlase.

Haeba tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali e phahame, 'me motho o na le polydipsia (lenyora), polyuria (keketseho e eketsehileng ea moroto), polyphagia (takatso e matla ea lijo), le ho hlohlona ha letlalo le lera la mucous, mokhathala, ho opeloa ke hlooho, ho tsekela, bohloko maotong. namane e opeloa ke bosiu, ho senyeha ha maikutlo (ho tsitsipana, ho luma, ho utloa ho matha "hoosebumps"), mafu a tšoaetsanoang khafetsa, ebe ho belaela lefu la tsoekere, mme ntlheng ena, ngaka e beha liteko le litlhahlobo tse latelang:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Urinalysis
• Urinalysis bakeng sa 'mele oa tsoekere le ketone,
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa tsoekere,
• Teko ea mamello ea glucose
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa motsoako oa C-peptide le insulin,
• Teko ea mali bakeng sa litaba tsa hemoglobin ea glycosylated.

Haeba lefu la tsoekere le belaelloa, liteko tsohle tse ka holimo hangata li fanoa hang-hang, ntle le ho khetholla khatello ea C-peptide le insulin maling. Sena se etsoa ho hlahloba ka nepo le ho fumana kotsi ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere. Boikemisetso ba boemo ba C-peptide le insulin bo nkoa e le liteko tse tlatsetsang, tse lumellang feela tlatsetso ea netefatso ea lefu la tsoekere.

Kamora ho tsebahatsa lefu la tsoekere, ngaka e ka fana ka taelo ea lefu lena. Ultrasound ea liphio (ingolise), rheovasography (saena) maoto rheoencephalography (sign up), electroencephalography (sign up)leihlo biomicroscopy tlhatlhobo ea fundus (saena).

Lefu lee le bonahala joang ho batho ba baholo?

Haeba re bua ka matšoao a lefu la tsoekere a bonahatsang batho ba baholo, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko boteng ba matšoao a kang:

1. Polyphagy, e tsamaeang le ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha boima ba 'mele,
2. Khafetsa ho ntša metsi khafetsa ka tšusumetso ea khafetsa
3. Molomo o omileng le lenyora le sa feleng.

Ho lokela ho hopoloa hore matšoao ana kaofela a hlaha haeba boemo ba tsoekere ea mali bo phahame haholo. Lefu la tsoekere le qala ho hlaha

joalo ka ha boemo ba tsoekere bo nyolohela boemong bo sa hlokeng letho. Ka hona, hangata matšoao 'ohle a totobetseng a hlaha ha feela lefu le le methating ea lona ea ho qetela.

Mehleng ea pele, lefu lena le ka fumanoa feela ka thuso ea liteko tse entsoeng hantle. Mohlala, ho na le tafole e ikhethang eo ho eona ho boletsoeng litekanyetso tse lumelletsoeng tsa tloaelo ea tsoekere maling. Ho latela lintlha tsena, ngaka e ka tseba hore na mokuli o na le lefu la tsoekere kapa che.

Ho joalo, ehlile, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko matšoao a lefu lena. Mohlala, haeba ho ba le letsoalo la bophahamo bo tlase ho bonoa, ntle le tlhaselo ea ho nyekeloa, makhopho libakeng tse tlase, manonyeletso a mangata letlalong, hammoho le mokokotlong oa molomo, sena se ka nkoa e le sesupo sa tsoekere e phahameng.

Lefu la tsoekere la sethoathoa - u ka le tseba joang?

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore lefu lena le ka patoa. Ka hona, motho ofe kapa ofe o lokela ho utloisisa maemong ao a hlokang ho batla keletso ea bongaka ka potlako.

Hangata lefu la tsoekere le fetoha asymptomatic ka botlalo. Ona ke mofuta oa lefu lena leo ho sa bonahaleng hore ho na le matšoao a hlakileng.

Ke ka lebaka leo lefu le ka fumanoa feela nakong ea tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng kapa nakong ea tlhahlobo ea mafu a mang.

Ho lokela ho hopoloa hore lefu la tsoekere kamehla le tsamaisana le ho tepella ho eketsehileng, lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa ho ruruha letlalong, le maqeba a folisang hampe. Tsoekere e phahameng e na le litlamorao tse mpe tsa ho itšireletsa mafung. Maemong ana, mokuli o lula a tšoeroe ke tšoaetso e fapaneng ea vaerase, sebopeho sa purulent se hlaha letlalong le mucous ea hau, e tsamaeang le ho ruruha ho matla.

Se ke oa lebala ka tšenyo e ka bang teng likepeng tse nyane. Hore ke ka lebaka la taba ea hore maqeba le likotsi tse fapaneng li fola butle haholo

Lethathamo la batho ba kotsing e kenyeletsa:

1. Basali ba nang le bothata ba ovary ea polycystic.
2. Bakuli ba fumanoeng ba na le khatello ea maikutlo, hammoho le ba nang le bothata ba khaello ea potasiamo.
3. Bakuli ba nang le 'mele o boima haholo kapa ba batenya haholo
4. Haeba ho na le batho ka lapeng le bona ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, haholo haeba e le ba amanang le mali.

Kamehla ho lokela ho hopoloa hore haeba ka nako ho senola mamello e eketsehileng ea tsoekere ea 'mele, ka nako eo ho tla khonahala ho khetholla tsoekere ea prediabetes ka nako.

U ka felisa maemo a phahameng a tsoekere joang?

Ho hlakile hore tsoekere e ngata haholo ea mali e hloka ho kenella. Ho seng joalo, mekhoa e sa fetoheng e ka qala, ho etsa mohlala, liphetoho tse ling ho tishu tse bakang kholo ea methapo, mafu a methapo, mathata a letlalo, likhathatso tsa boroko, khatello ea maikutlo le ts'oaetso e fapaneng.

Ketelong ea pele ea mokuli, ngaka e lokela ho tseba boemo ba tsoekere e maling, ka mor'a moo e beang kalafo e nepahetseng. Mohlala, kalafo ka thuso ea lithethefatsi tse khethehileng, tse nang le phello e tobileng ea ho theola maemo a tsoekere ea mali, e nkuoa e sebetsa haholo. Haeba li sa thusoe, ente ente ea analogue ea insulin ea motho.

Hoa hlokahala ho felisa lisosa tsohle tse lebisang ho hola ha lefu lena. Hoa hlokahala ho phela bophelo bo nepahetseng bo nepahetseng, etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na mekhoa e mebe, 'me u imetse boikoetliso bo lekaneng ba' mele. Ke nnete, mmoho le sena ha rea ​​lokela ho lebala hore ho ikoetlisa ka ho feteletseng ho ka baka le tsoekere e phahameng.

Tlhokomelo e khethehileng e lokela ho nkuoa ho phekola lefu la tsoekere ho basali baimana. Mabapi le liphetoho tse ling tsa 'mele ea bona' meleng, lits'ebetso tse fapaneng hape li qala ho ba teng.

E 'ngoe ea tsona e ka ba ho tlola ka matla tsoekere ea mali. Mohlomong nts'etsopele ea ts'oaetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ketsong ea "insulin" ea' mele. Hona ke sesosa sa lefu la tsoekere ho basali baimana.

Ho ke ho hlokomeloe hore boemo bona bo abetsoe ka mokhoa o fapaneng oa lefu lena, le bitsoa lefu la tsoekere la gestational. Hangata e tsoela pele ntle le matšoao a hlakileng 'me e fumanoa ka liteko tse khethehileng tsa laboratori.

Mabapi le sena, ho hlokahala hore kamehla a etse tlhahlobo ea maemo a tsoekere ho basali baimana. Haholo-holo nakong ea ho tloha khoeling ea bone ho isa ho ea borobeli ea boimana. Haeba sena se sa etsoa, ​​ho na le kotsi e kholo ea hore lesea le ka theha letsoalo la pelo, hammoho le maqeba a mang a mmele, ho fihlela mokokotlong oa "cerebral palsy"

Boemo ba hypo- le hyperglycemia bo hlalositsoe videong ena.

Ke mang eo nka lokelang ho ikopanya le eena sepetlele ka bothata bona?

Bakeng sa tlolo efe kapa efe ea 'mele, re qala ho ea ho setsebi sa bongaka sa lehae. O tla fana ka tataiso litekong, ultrasound ea manyeme le tšoelesa ea qoqotho, 'me a ipapisitse le liphetho tse fumanoeng, o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea mafu. Batho ba bangata ha ba tsebe hore na ke ngaka efe e sebelisang lefu la tsoekere, le hore na ba lokela ho ikopanya le mang pele ho feta haeba tlhahlobo e tiisa matšoao a lefu lena.

Haeba liteko li netefatsa tlhahlobo ea pele, ngaka e tla u eletsa hore u ee ho setsebi se bitsoang endocrinologist. Ngaka ena ea lefu la tsoekere e tla hlokomela hore na lefu le ntse le tsoela pele joang, le ho fana ka kalafo. Hape o tla tsebisa mokuli ka mofuta oa lijo tseo a hlokang ho li latela, le mesebetsi efe ea 'mele e lumelloang ho eena. O tla u joetsa hore na u ka etsa joang ka hypoglycemia.

Haeba ngoana a kula, batsoali ba tšoenyehile ka hore na ke ngaka efe e sebelisang lefu la tsoekere ka ho khetheha ho bana. Maemong ana, batsoali ba hloka ho ikopanya le setsebi sa endocrinologist se nang le boiphihlelo bo batlang bo le bobeanyane. Mohlala, ngaka ea bana ea bana e sebelisa bakuli ba banyenyane. A re ke re hlahlobeng ka ho qaqileng hore na ke mefuta efe ea li-endocrinologists e ikhethang eo e nang le eona.

Bohlale bo ikhethang ba li-endocrinologists

• Thyroideologist

O sebetsa ka ho khetheha ho mafu a qoqotho.

Ngaka ena e tla hlokahala haeba ngoana a e-na le lefu la methapo ea methapo ea endocrine, hammoho le phapang e fapaneng khōlong le khōlong. O sebetsana le kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere ho bana. Haeba u hlokomela matšoao a lefu lena ho ngoana, joale o ka ikopanya ka ho toba le ngaka ea bana ea bana. Eena ka boeena o tla fana ka liteko tse hlokahalang, ho etsa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng. Se ke oa chechisa tlhahlobo ea ngoana, hobane lefu lena bongoaneng le hlaha ka potlako. Mathata a eona a boetse a hlaha kapele, kahoo ho molemo ho bolokeha ka nako ho e-na le ho senya nako ea bohlokoa. Phekolo e behiloeng ka nako e tla thusa ho boloka bophelo ba ngoana.

• Geneticist endocrinologist

O eletsa ba futsitseng mafu ka lelapeng, hape o etsa mesebetsi e reretsoeng ho thibela mafu ana. Haeba matšoao a mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso a bonahala, o beha mokuli tlalehong mme o sebetsana le kalafo ea eona. Mohlala, ngaka ena e ithuta ka li-pathologies tse kang gigantism, dwarfism. Lefu la tsoekere le ka phekoloa le ngaka ena.

Setsebi sena se sebetsana le kalafo ea bokhachane ba basali le ba banna, hammoho le li-pathologies tsa mae a bomme le li-testicles.

Ngaka ena e sebetsana le linyeoe tse hlokang ho buuoa. E lekola boemo ba tlhokomelo ea bongaka.

Sena ke setsebi sa endocrinologist se sebetsanang le phekolo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, hammoho le maloetse a kang lefu la tsoekere. O tseba li-nuances tsohle tsa phepo e nepahetseng ho mafu ana, o tla u thusa ho khetha meriana, ho etsa lijo tsa mantsiboea.

Mokhoa oa endocrinologist o tla thusa joang

Haeba motho a netefalitse mofuta oa 1 kapa lefu la tsoekere la 2, ngaka ea methapo ea kutlo e tlaleha seo. Ho tloha motsotsong ona o fetoha moeletsi oa mokuli. Ngaka e eang teng e tla khetha mofuta oa kalafo, meriana, ho ruta ho latela mokhoa o nepahetseng oa phepo e nepahetseng ea lefu la tsoekere.

Ba sa tsoa ithuta hore ba na le lefu lena qalong ha ba utloisise hore ba hloka ho fetola bophelo ba bona ka botlalo. Ho thata hore ba tloaelane le mofuta o thata oa ho shebella le ho lekola maemo a tsoekere ka botlalo. Ba hloka ho ithuta ho utloisisa maikutlo a bona ha ba phahamisa le ho theola maemo a tsoekere.

Boemong ba pele, ho theha lijo, ho khetha meriana ho tla thusa lefapheng la pelehi. Ngaka ea endocrinologist e tla u ruta ho sebelisa litafole tsa lihlahisoa tsa glycemic, hape le ho bala palo ea lik'habohaedreite.

Kopano ea tlhahlobo ea endocrinologist e tla hlokahala bakeng sa mathata afe kapa afe a bophelo bo botle ho motho ea nang le lefu la tsoekere. Ke feela ka tumello ea endocrinologist, lingaka tse ling li tla fana ka litlhare hore keketseho e matla ea tsoekere e maling e se ke ea mpefatsa boemo ba mokuli.