Gensulin N (Gensulin N)

Mofuta oa litekanyetso tsa Gensulin N - ho emisoa bakeng sa tsamaiso ea subcutaneous (s / c): ho emisoa ka mokhoa o mosoeu, ts'ebetso e arohanang e le 'mala o mosoeu ha o phomola ebile o le mebala-bala kapa o batla o se na' mala, ka ho sisinyeha ka bonolo, mohatla o khutlisoa ka potlako (3 ml ho li-cartridge, seleng ka seng mekotla ea li-cartridge tse 5, pakete e le 'ngoe ka lebokoseng la karete, 10 ml e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ka libotlolong tse sa bonahaleng tsa khalase e senang mebala, botlolo e le' ngoe ka lebokoseng la karete

Sebopeho ka 1 ml ea ho emisoa:

• ntho e sebetsang: insulin-isophan recombinant human - 100 IU,
• likarolo tse thusang: phenol, glycerol, metacresol, protamine sulfate, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, zinc oxide, hydrochloric acid, metsi bakeng sa ente.

Matšoao a ho sebelisoa

Gensulin N e khothalletsoa hore e sebelisoe mofuteng oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere, hammoho le mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la 2 lefu lena molemong oa ho hanyetsa li-hypoglycemic agents bakeng sa tšebeliso ea molomo, ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi tsena (maemong a kalafo e kopaneng) le mafu a kopaneng.

Tekanyetso le tsamaiso

Gensulin N e emisoa e etselitsoe tsamaiso ea sc.

Ngaka e etsa qeto ea tekanyetso ea lithethefatsi boemong ka bomong ho latela matšoao a tsoekere ea mali, le ho nahanela litšobotsi tsa mokuli. Tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea letsatsi le letsatsi e fapana ka bongata ba 0.5-1 IU ka kilo e le ngoe ea boima ba mokuli.

Ente e etsoa ka ho khetheha seropeng, e boetse e lumelloa ho hlahisa moriana letlalong, bokantle ba mpa ea mokokotlong kapa mesifa e boreleli ea lehetla. Lisebelisoa tsa ente kahare ho sebaka sa anatomical li tlameha ho fetoloa e le ho qoba lipodystrophy.

Ha o hlohlelletsa ho emisoa, vial kapa cartridge ha ea lokela ho sisinngoa ka matla, kaha sena se ka etsa hore foam e thehe, sa etsa hore ho be thata ho beha lethalamo ka nepo. Ponahalo ea lithethefatsi ho li-vials le li-cartridge li lokela ho hlahlojoa khafetsa haeba li-flakes li le teng moo ho emisoang kapa likarolo tse tšoeu li bonoang hore li latela tlase / marako a vial kapa cartridge, ho theha phello ea serame, ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa.

Mocheso oa ho emisoa o kenelletseng o lokela ho lumellana le mocheso oa kamore.

1. Tšoaea letlalo ka joala sebakeng sa ente.
2. Sebelisa menoana e 'meli ho phutha sebaka sa letlalo.
3. Kenya nale, ka lethekeng ka nako e ka bang 45 °, 'me u kenelle insulin tlasa letlalo.
4. Kamora ente ea bonyane metsotsoana e 6, u se ke ua tlosa nale ena ho netefatsa hore moriana o sebelisitsoe ka botlalo.
5. Haeba mali a hlaha setsing sa ente ka mor'a ho tlosa nale, e tobe hanyane ka monwana.
6. Litsi tsa ente e hloka ho fetoloa.

Gensulin N e sebelisoa e le sethethefatsi sa monotherapy hape e le karolo ea kalafo e rarahaneng e nang le insulin e khutšoane (Gensulin P).

Mokuli o lokela ho tloaelana le mekhoa ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi, ho latela maemo a tlasa.

Ts'ebeliso ea ho emisoa ho likhahla

Ho sebelisa mofuta o le mong oa insulin:

1. Tlosa cap e sireletsang ea aluminium ho tloha vial.
2. Khethisa membrane ea rabara ka vial.
3. Bokella moea ka har'a siling ho bophahamo bo lekanang le lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin 'me u kenye moea moeeng.
4. Fetolela ka vide e nang le seratsoana se kentsoeng ebe u bokella lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin ho eona.
5. Tlosa nale ka leqaqailaneng, tlosa moea seriting, 'me u netefatse hore lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin.
6. Etsa ente.

Tšebeliso ea mefuta e 'meli ea insulin:

1. Tlosa likhahla tse sirelletsang tsa aluminium ho vials.
2. Sanalize li-membran tsa rabara ho liphooko.
3. Hang-hang pele o daela, thela molumo oa "insulin" ea nako e mahareng (bolelele) liketsong tsa ho emisoa pakeng tsa liatla tsa matsoho ho fihlela mokoloko o arolelanoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang le liforomo tse tšoeu tsa maru.
4. Bokella moea ka har'a siling ho ea bophahamo bo hlokahalang ba insulin e nkang nako e telele, kenya moea ka vial ka ho emisoa, ebe o tlosa nale ena.
5. Tšela moea ka har'a sirapo ho bophahamo bo lekanang le lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin e khutšoanyane, kenya moea vial ea insulin ka tharollo e hlakileng.
6. Tlosa nale ka leqaqailaneng, tlosa moea seriting, 'me u netefatse hore lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin.
7. Kenya nale ka hara vial ka ho emisa, chencha vial ka syringe holimo mme u bokelle lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin e sebetsang ka nako e telele.
8. Tlosa nale ena ka hara vial, tlosa moea ho siling, 'me u hlahlobe hore na lethal dose lohle la insulin le nepahetse.
9. Etsa ente.

Ho bohlokoa ho lula o ngola insulin ka tatellano e hlalositsoeng ka holimo.

Ts'ebeliso ea ho emisoa ka mabokoseng

Li-Cartridges tse nang le lithethefatsi Gensulin N li etselitsoe ho sebelisoa feela ka lipentšele tsa syringe tsa k'hamphani "Owen Mumford". Litlhokahalo tse behiloeng litaelong tsa ts'ebeliso ea pente ea syringe ho tsamaisa insulin li lokela ho bonoa.

Pele o sebelisa Gensulin H, mokotla o tlameha ho hlahlojoa le ho etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na tšenyo (li-chips, mapetso); haeba li teng, mokotla o ke ke oa sebelisoa. Kamora ho kenya cartridge ka pente ea syringe, thapo e mebala e lokela ho bonahala ka fensetere ea ea tšoereng.

Pele o kenya mokotla oa katse ka pente ea syringe, e lokela ho fetoloa le ho theoha e le hore bolo e nyane ea khalase e ka hare e kopanye ho emisoa. Mokhoa ona oa ho fetola o phetoa makhetlo a 10, ho fihlela ho emisoa ho tšoeu le ho koaheloa ke maru. Etsa ente hang ka mor'a moo.

Haeba mokotla o kentsoe ka pene pele, ho kopanya ho emisoa ho etsetsoa sisteme eohle (bonyane makhetlo a 10) ebe e phetoa pele ho ente e ngoe le e ngoe.

Kamora ho ente, nale e tlameha ho siuoa tlasa letlalo bonyane metsotsoana e meng e tšeletseng, 'me konopo e lokela ho bolokoa e hatelloa ho fihlela nale e tlositsoe ka botlalo tlasa letlalo. Sena se tla netefatsa hore tekanyetso e tsamaisoa ka nepo le ho fokotsa menyetla ea mali / lmph ho kena ka sekoneng kapa ka mokotleng oa insulin.

Katse e nang le lithethefatsi Gensulin N e etselitsoe feela tšebeliso ea motho a le mong mme e ke ke ea tlatsoa.

Litlamorao

• litlamorao tsa phello ea metabolism ea carbohydrate: maemo a hypoglycemic - ho opeloa ke letlalo, ho fifala, ho fufuleha ho eketsehileng, ho thothomela, ho ruruha, tlala, paresthesia molomong, ka lebaka la hypoglycemia e matla, hypoglycemic coma e ka hlaha,
• karabelo ea hypersensitivity: ka seoelo - rashes letlalong, edema ea Quincke, e sa tloaelehang haholo - ho ts'oaroa ha anaphylactic,
• Karabelo sebakeng sa ente: ho ruruha le ho hlohlona, ​​hyperemia, haeba e ka sebelisoa ka nako e telele - lipodystrophy setsing sa ente,
• Tse ling: edema, liphoso tsa nakoana tsa ho hlaka (hangata qalong ea thupelo).

Matšoao a bosholu bo feteletseng e ka ba nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia. Bakeng sa kalafo ea maemo a bonolo, ho khothaletsoa ho ja tsoekere kapa lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata. Bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba lokela ho lula ba nkile tsoekere, liswiti, likuku, kapa lino tse tsoekere.

Tabeng ea ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha khatello ea tsoekere, maemong a ho lahleheloa ke kelello, tharollo ea 40% ea dextrose e tsamaisoa ka matla, glucagon e tsamaisoa ka methapo, kahare kapa ka thipa. Kamora ho hlaphoheloa kelellong, ho khothalletsoa ho ja lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite ho thibela nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia.

Litaelo tse khethehileng

Gensulin N ha ea lumelloa ho sebelisoa haeba ho emisoa ho sa fetohe ho ba tšoeu le ho ts'oaroa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ka mor'a ho hlokohla.

Ha u etsa kalafo ea insulin, ho hlokahala hore kamehla u lekole boemo ba tsoekere maling. Ho lekola joalo hoa hlokahala hobane, ho ekelletsa ho insulin e ngata haholo, lisosa tsa hypoglycemia e ka ba: ho tlola lijo, ho khutlisetsa lithethefatsi, lets'ollo, ho hlatsa, ts'ebetso e eketsang tlhokahalo ea lefu la insulin (ho hlaba / ho hloleha ha sebete, hypofunction ea adrenal cortex, gland ea gland kapa gland). libaka tsa ente, tšebelisano ea lithethefatsi le litlhare tse ling.

Ho etsa dost kapa ho senya pakeng tsa ente ea insulin, haholo ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, ho ka baka hyperglycemia. Hangata, matšoao a pele a hyperglycemia a hola butle, ho feta lihora tse 'maloa kapa matsatsi. Molomo o omileng, lenyora, ho nyekeloa, ho hlatsa, ho tsekela, ho redness le ho omella ha letlalo, ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo, monko oa asetone moeeng o tsoang, ho tšela urination ho eketsehileng. Haeba kalafo e sa tšoaroe, joale ka lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, hyperglycemia e ka lebisa ho hola hoa boemo bo behang bophelo kotsing - lefu la tsoekere.

Ho lokisa lethal dose ea insulin hoa hlokahala bakeng sa hypopituitarism, ho hlohlona ha tšoelesa ea qoqotho, lefu la Addison, ho hloleha ha sebete le liphio, hammoho le ho bakuli ba tsofetseng ba fetang lilemo tse 65.

Tlhokahalo ea tokiso ea li-insulin le eona e ka hlokahala le keketseho ea matla a ho ikoetlisa kapa phetoho ea lijo tse tloaelehileng.

Tlhokahalo ea insulin e eketsoa ke mafu a kopaneng, haholo a tlhaho e sa foleng, le maemo a tsamaeang le feberu.

Phetoho ea ho tsoa mofuteng o mong oa insulin ho ea ho e ngoe le eona e hloka ho etsoa, ​​ho laola boemo ba tsoekere maling.

Ho bohlokoa ho nahana hore tšebeliso ea insulin e fokotsa mamello ea mokuli ho joala.

Ts'ebeliso ea Gensulin N lipompong tsa "insulin" ha e khothaletsoe ka lebaka la menyetla ea ho emisoa ha litheko tse ling.

Hypoglycemia e ka fokolisa bokhoni ba mokuli ba ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho fokotsa lebelo la karabelo ea kelello, e leng se ka eketsang kotsi ha ho khanna makoloi le / kapa ho sebetsa ka mekhoa e meng e rarahaneng.

Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi

• hypoglycemic mahlahana bakeng sa tsamaiso molomo, inhibitors tsa monoamine dihydrobenzophenanthridine (Mao) inhibitors, angiotensin fetola potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale (Ace) inhibitors, bao e seng khetha β-blockers, k'habone anhydrase inhibitors, bromocriptine, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, octreotide, anabolic steroid, clofibrate, mebendazole, ketoconazole, theophylline, pyridoxine, cyclophosphamide, Litokisetso tsa lithium, fenfluramine, litokisetso tse nang le ethanol: ntlafatsa sephetho sa insulin,
• thiazide diuretics, glucocorticosteroids (GCS), lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo, lihomone tsa qoqotho, li-sympathomimetics, heparin, li-antidepressants tsa li-clonidine, danazole, diazoxide, calcium blockchain, phenytoin, morphine, nicotine: fokolisa hypoglycemic
• reserpine le salicylate: ka bobeli e ka fokolisa le ho ntlafatsa ketso ea insulin.

Litšoantšiso tsa Gensulin N ke: Biosulin N, Vozulim N, Insuman Bazal GT, Insuran NPH, Protamine-insulin Emergency, Protafan NM, Protafan NM Penfill, Rinsulin NPH, Rosinsulin S, Humodar B 100 Rec.

Lipehelo tsa Khefu ea Litlama

E fanoe ke lengolo la ngaka.

Tlhahisoleseling mabapi le lithethefatsi e akaretsoa ka kakaretso, e fanoa molemong oa tlhahisoleseling mme ha e nke sebaka sa litaelo tsa semmuso. Ho ikoetlisa ho kotsi bophelong!

Libaktheria tse limilione li tsoaloa, li phela 'me li shoa ka mpeng ea rona. Li ka bonoa feela ka tekanyo e phahameng, empa haeba li ka kopana, li ne li tla lekana ka senoelo sa kofi se tloaelehileng.

Ho na le li-syndromes tsa bongaka tse khahlang haholo, tse kang ho kenella ha lintho. Ka mpeng ea mokuli a le mong ea tšoeroeng ke lefu lena lena, ho ile ha fumanoa lintho tse 2500 tse tsoang ka ntle.

Motho ka mong ha a na menoana e ikhethang feela, empa o na le puo.

Ho bua le mantsoe a makhuts'oane le a bonolo haholo, re sebelisa mesifa ea 72.

UK, ho na le molao ho latela hore ngaka e buoang e ka hana ho etsa opereishene haeba e tsuba kapa e nonne haholo. Motho o lokela ho tlohela mekhoa e mebe, ebe, mohlomong, a ke ke a hloka ts'ebetso ea bongaka.

Moriana oa ho khohlela "Terpincode" ke o mong oa baetapele ba rekisang, eseng ho hang ka lebaka la thepa ea bona ea bongaka.

Lingaka tsa meno li hlahile haufinyane haholo. Khale koana lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, e ne e le mosebetsi oa moriri o tloaelehileng oa moriri ho ntša meno a kulang.

Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa 'mele o tlalehiloe ho Willie Jones (USA), ea ileng a kenngoa sepetlele ka mocheso oa 46,5 ° C.

Haeba sebete sa hau se khaotsa ho sebetsa, lefu le ne le tla ba teng ka mor'a letsatsi.

Lithethefatsi tse tsebahalang "Viagra" li ile tsa qalisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea khatello ea mali ea methapo.

Lefu le sa tloaelehang haholo ke lefu la Kuru. Ke baemeli ba morabe oa Fore New New New ba kulang le eena. Mokuli o shoa ka lebaka la litšeho. Ho lumeloa hore sesosa sa lefu lena se ja kelello ea motho.

Bo-rasaense ba Amerika ba ile ba etsa liteko ka litoeba mme ba fihlela qeto ea hore lero la watermelon le thibela nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis ea methapo ea mali. Sehlopha se seng sa litoeba se ile sa noa metsi a hlakileng, sa bobeli se sebelisa lero la mahapu. Ka lebaka leo, lijana tsa sehlopha sa bobeli li ne li se na li-cholesterol plaque.

Ka ho etela khafetsa betheng ea letlalo le lecha, monyetla oa ho tšoaroa ke kankere ea letlalo o eketseha ka 60%.

Madi a motho "a" tsamaea "ka har'a lijana tlas'a khatello e kholo, mme haeba bots'epehi ba hae bo tlotsoe, bo ka thunya ho fihlela ho limithara tse 10.

Liphio tsa rona li ka hlatsoa litha e tharo tsa mali ka motsotso o le mong.

Ho haella ha karolo ea meno kapa esita le adentia e felletseng ho ka bakoa ke likotsi, lefu la "caries" kapa lefu la marenene. Leha ho le joalo, meno a lahlehileng a ka nkeloa sebaka ke meno.

Tlhophiso ea Nosological (ICD-10)

Pharadodynamics

Gensulin H - insulin ea motho e fumanoeng a sebelisa theknoloji ea DNA e kopantsoeng. Ke tokisetso ea insulin e mahareng. E sebetsana le receptor e itseng ho membrane e ka ntle ea cytoplasmic ea lisele mme e theha mohopolo oa "insulin receptor" o kenyelletsang ts'ebetso ea methapo, ho kenyeletsa synthetise ea li-enzyme tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa (ho kenyeletsa hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase). Ho fokotseha ha tsoekere ea mali ho bakoa ke ho kenyelletsa e eketsa ho tsamaisa ha eona ho kenelletseng, ho ntlafatsa ho ts'oaroa ha lisele le ho tsitsipana, ho hlohlelletsa lipojiais, glycogenogeneis, le ho fokotsa sekhahla sa tlhahiso ea tsoekere ke sebete.

Nako ea ts'ebetso ea litokisetso tsa insulin e haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho monya, ho latela lintlha tse 'maloa (mohlala, tekanyetso, mokhoa le sebaka sa tsamaiso), ka hona boemo ba ts'ebetso ea insulin bo ka fetoha ka mokhoa o matla oa phallo, ho batho ba fapaneng le ho motho a le mong. .

Boemo ba ts'ebetso ka entcutaneous ente (lipalo tse hakanyetsoang): ho qala ha ts'ebetso kamora lihora tse 1.5, phello e kholo e le karohanong pakeng tsa lihora tse 3 le tse 10, nako ea ts'ebetso e fihlile ho lihora tse 24.

Mofumahali

Ho fella ka botlalo le ho qaleha ha phello ea insulin ho itšetlehile ka ho tsoa sebakeng sa ente (mala, thipa, mabokose), lethaliti (bophahamo ba insulin e kentsoeng), mahloriso a insulin. E ajoa ka mokhoa o sa lekanang liseleng tsohle: ha e kenelle mothapong oa placental le lebeseng la matsoele. E senngoa ke insulinase, haholo-holo ka har'a sebete le liphio. E epolloa ke liphio (30-80%).

Tšebelisano

Hypoglycemic phello ea ka insulin ntlafatsa lithethefatsi molomo hypoglycemic, Mao inhibitors, inhibitors Ace, k'habone inhibitors anhydrase, bao e seng khetha β-blockers, bromocriptine, octreotide, sulfonamides, anabolic steroid, tetracyclines, clofibrate, ketoconazole, mebendazole, pyridoxine, theophylline, cyclophosphamide, fenfluramine, litokisetso lithium litokisetso tse nang le ethanol.

Mekhoa ea ho thibela pelehi ea molomo, corticosteroids, lihormone tsa qoqotho, li-thiazide diuretics, heparin, tridclic antidepressants, sympathomimetics, danazole, clonidine, BKK, diazoxide, morphine, phenytoin, nikotine e fokolisa phello ea hypoglycemic.

Tlas'a tšusumetso ea reserpine le salicylates, ho fokolisa le ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea moriana ho ka khoneha.

Tekanyetso le tsamaiso

S / c ka serope. Ho entoa ho ka etsoa le kahara mpa ea mpa ea mpa, kapa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa lehetla.

Hoa hlokahala ho fetola sebaka sa ente kahare ho sebaka sa anatomical e le ho thibela nts'etsopele ea lipodystrophy.

Tekanyetso ea lithethefatsi e khethoa ke ngaka ka bonngoe boemong bo bong le bo bong, ho ipapisitse le boemo ba tsoekere maling. Ka karolelano, tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea lithethefatsi e tloha ho 0.5 ho isa 1 IU / kg (ho latela litšobotsi tsa motho ka mong le boemo ba tsoekere maling).

Mocheso oa "insulin" o sebelisoang o lokela ho ba ka mocheso oa kamore.

Gensulin N e ka tsamaisoa e le mong kapa e kopantsoe le insulin e nkang nakoana (Gensulin P).

Bongata

Matšoao hypoglycemia ea khonahala.

Phekolo: mokuli a ka tlosa hypoglycemia e bonolo ka ho nka lijo tse tsoekere tse nang le tsoekere. Ka hona, ho khothalletsoa hore bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba nke tsoekere, liswiti, likuku kapa lero le monate la litholoana le bona.

Maemong a tebileng, ha mokuli a lahleheloa ke kelello, tharollo ea 40% ea dextrose e tsamaisoa iv, i / m, s / c, iv glucagon. Kamora ho hlaphoheloa kelellong, mokuli o khothalletsoa ho ja lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite ho thibela nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia.

Fomu ea tokollo, sebopeho le sephutheloana

Baeti: m-cresol - 1.5, phenol - 0,65 mg, glycerol - 16 mg, protamine sulfate - 0,27 mg, zinc oxide - 30 μg, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate - 5.04 mg, hydrochloric acid 0.1M - 0,03 ml.

3 ml - li-cartridge ka lisenthimaneng tsa syringe (5) - maleiri (1) - mabokose a karete.
10 ml - libotlolo (1) - mabokose a likarete.

Ketso ea pharmacological

Insulin ea motho ea ntseng a pheta-pheta. Ke insulin ea nako e mahareng ea ketso. E laola metabolism ea glucose, e na le litlamorao tsa anabolic. Ka mesifa le lisele tse ling (ntle le boko), insulin e potlakisa ho tsamaisoa ho hoholo ha tsoekere le amino acid, 'me e ntlafatsa anabolism ea protheine. Insulin e khothalletsa phetoho ea tsoekere ho glycogen sebeteng, e thibela gluconeogeneis mme e hlohlelletsa phetoho ea glucose e feteletseng ho mafura.

Ketso ea meriana

Insulin e sebetsang lipakeng. E fokotsa khatello ea tsoekere maling, e eketse ho kenngoa ha eona ka lisele, e ntlafatse polelo ea lipogenis le glycogenogeneis, motsoako oa protheine, o fokotsa sekhahla sa tlhahiso ea tsoekere ke sebete. E sebetsana le receptor e itseng kahare ho li-membrane tse ka ntle tsa lisele mme e etsa mochini o amohelang insulin. Ho fokotseha ha tsoekere ea mali ho bakoa ke keketseho ea phallo ea eona e makatsang, ho monya ho eketsehileng le ho ts'oaroa ha lisele, ho hlohlelletsa polelo lipoisis, glycogenogeneis, synthetiki ea protheine, ho fokotseha ha sekhahla sa tlhahiso ea tsoekere ke sebete (ho fokotseha ha ho phatloha ha glycogen), joalo-joalo ka mor'a ho kenella ka sekhahla sa ente. litlamorao li pakeng tsa lihora tse 2 ho isa ho tse 12, bolelele ba lihora tse 18-18, ho latela sebopeho sa insulin le lethal dose, li supa ho kheloha ho hoholo pakeng tsa kahare le kahare. Ho kenella le ho qala hoa ts'ebetso ho latela tsela ea tsamaiso (sc kapa intramuscularly), sebaka (mpa, thipa, buttocks) le bongata ba ente, ho kenella ka bongata ka har'a insulin, joalo-joalo e ajoa ka mokhoa o sa lekanang liseleng, o sa kenelle ka har'a sefuba sa placental mme o fihla ka sefubeng. lebese. E senngoa ke insulinase, haholo-holo ka har'a sebete le liphio. E hloekisoa ke liphio.

Ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi

Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere. Mofuta oa 2 oa lefu la tsoekere, sethala sa ho hanyetsana le lithethefatsi tse tsoang kahare tsa molomo (hypoglycemic drug), mafu a kopaneng, ts'ebetso ea ho buuoa (phekolo ea motsoako kapa lefu la tsoekere), lefu la tsoekere ka nako ea boimana (haeba kalafo ea phepo e sa sebetse. )

Litlamorao tse fapaneng

Bohloko bo hlalosang (urticaria, angioedema - feberu, ho hema hanyane, ho fokotseha ha khatello ea mali), hypoglycemia (pallor ea letlalo, mofufutso o eketsehileng, ho fufuleloa, ho tsitsipana, ho thothomela, tlala, ho ruruha, ho tšoenyeha, paresthesia molomong, hlooho e bohloko, ho hloka boroko, ho robala, ho robala tshabo, ho sithabela maikutlo, ho teneha, boits'oaro bo sa tloaelehang, ho se sireletsehe ha motsamao, ho se khone ho bua hantle le ho ba le pono), hypoglycemic coma, hyperglycemia le lefu la tsoekere (ka tekanyetso e tlase, ente ea ho se tsebe, ho se latele mokhoa oa ho ja, e feberu le tšoaetso): ho otsela, lenyora, ho fokotseha takatso ea lijo, ho fifala sefahleho), ho se tsebe hantle (ho fihlela mokokotlong oa ho akheha le ho akheha), ho senyeha ha nakoana (hangata qalong ea kalafo), tšitiso ea methapo ea kutlo e amanang le insulin ea motho, ho eketseha hoa lithibela-mafu tsa anti-insulin. ka keketseho e latelang ea glycemia, hyperemia, ho hlohlona le lipodystrophy (atrophy kapa hypertrophy ea mafura a subcutaneous) sebakeng sa ente. Qalong ea kalafo, phallo ea phallo le phetoho (ke ea nakoana ebile e nyamela ka kalafo e tsoelang pele).

Litšebelisano

Ka meriana ha a lumellane le tharollo ea lithethefatsi tse ling. Phello ea hypoglycemic e ntlafatsoa ke lithethefatsi tsa sulfonamides (ho kenyeletsa le lithethefatsi tsa molomo tsa hypoglycemic, sulfonamides), li-inhibitors tsa MAO (ho kenyeletsoa furazolidone, procarbazine, selegiline), li-inhibitors tsa carbonic anhydrase, li-inhibitors tsa ACE, lithethefatsi tse seng tsa steroidal tse thibelang ho ruruha (ho kenyeletsa) anabolic steroids (ho kenyelletsa stanozolol, oxandrolone, methandrostenolone), androgens, bromocriptine, tetracyclines, clofibrate, ketoconazole, mebendazole, theophylline, cyclophosphamide, fenfluramine, Li + litokiso, quinidine, quinidine, quinidine, quinidine, quinidine, quinidine, quinidine, quinidine, quinidine, quinidine haholo, quinidine, quinidine, quinidine haholo, quinidine, quinidine, quinidine le boholo ba 4 Phello ea hypoglycemic e fokolisoa ke glucagon, somatropin, glucocorticosteroids, lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo, li-estrogens, thiazide le loop diuretics, BMCC, lihomone tsa qoqotho, heparin, sulfin pyrazone, "syathomimetics" epinephrine, li-blockers tsa li-receptors tsa H1-histamine. Beta-blockers, reserpine, octreotide, pentamidine ka bobeli li ka ntlafatsa le ho fokolisa phello ea hypoglycemic ea insulin.

Litekanyetso le mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso

Hanyane ka hanyane, makhetlo a 1-2 ka letsatsi, metsotso e 30-45 pele ho lijo tsa hoseng (fetola sebaka sa ente nako le nako). Maemong a khethehileng, ngaka e ka fana ka ente ea ente ea methapo ea methapo. Intravenous tsamaiso ea insulin ea nako e mahareng e thibetsoe! Lidao li khethoa ka bonngoe 'me li itšetlehile ka se ka har'a tsoekere maling le moriring, litšoaneleho tsa lefu lena. Ka tloaelo, litekanyetso li 8-16 ME nako e le 'ngoe ka letsatsi. Ho batho ba baholo le bana ba nang le kutloisiso e phahameng ea insulin, lethal dose le ka tlase ho 8 IU / letsatsi le ka lekana, ho bakuli ba nang le kutloisiso e fokotsehileng - ho feta 24 IU / letsatsi. Ka tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi e fetang 0,6 IU / kg, - ka mokhoa oa liente tse 2 libakeng tse fapaneng. Bakuli ba fumanang 100 ME kapa ho feta ka letsatsi, ha ba nka insulin, ho bohlokoa hore ba kenngoe sepetlele. Phetisetso ho tsoa ho sethethefatsi se seng ho ea ho se seng e lokela ho etsoa tlasa taolo ea tsoekere ea mali.

Fomu ea tokollo, lipakete le sebopeho Gensulin N

Ho emisoa bakeng sa tsamaiso ea sc ea 'mala o mosoeu, ha o eme, ho thehoa moea o mosoeu le' mala o motala o senang 'mala, hoo e ka bang habonolo feela ka ho sisinyeha ho bonolo.

Bahlomphehi: metacresol - 1.5 mg, phenol - 0,65 mg, glycerol - 16 mg, protamine sulfate - 0,27 mg, zinc oxide - ho fihlela ho 40 μg Zn 2+ / 100 ME, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate - 5.04 mg, hydrochloric acid - q.s. ho fihlela ho pH 7.0-7.6, metsi d / i - ho fihlela 1 ml.

3 ml - li-cartridge (5) - khokahano ea lisele tsa contour.
10 ml - libotlolo (1) - lipakete tsa karete.

Matšoao a lithethefatsi Gensulin N

• mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere
• mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la 2 lefu la tsoekere: sethala sa ho hanyetsa li-antic hypoglycemic, ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi tsena (nakong ea phekolo e kopaneng), mafu a makatsang.

Melemo ea litekanyetso

Gensulin N e etselitsoe tsamaiso ea sc. Tekanyetso ea lithethefatsi e khethoa ke ngaka ka bonngoe boemong bo bong le bo bong, ho ipapisitse le boemo ba tsoekere maling. Ka karolelano, tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea lithethefatsi e tloha ho 0.5 ho 1 IU / kg boima ba 'mele (ho latela litšobotsi tsa motho ka mong le boemo ba tsoekere ea mali).

Mocheso oa "insulin" o sebelisoang o lokela ho ba ka mocheso oa kamore.

Gensulin H hangata e kenella ka har'a letheba. Ho entoa ho ka etsoa le kahara mpa ea mpa ea mpa, kapa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa lehetla.

Hoa hlokahala ho fetola sebaka sa ente kahare ho sebaka sa anatomical e le ho thibela nts'etsopele ea lipodystrophy.

Gensulin N e ka fumaneha ka botsona ebile e kopane le insulin e nkang nakoana (Gensulin P).

Litaelo li lokela ho fuoa mokuli

Mokhoa oa ente ea insulin ho likhahla

Haeba mokuli a sebelisa mofuta o le mong feela oa insulin

1. Ts'oaea motsoako oa rabara ka vial.

Tšela moea ka har'a siling ho latela tekanyetso e hlokahalang ea insulin. Kenya moea ka har'a vial ea insulin.

3. Fetolela vial ka syringe o inamele holimo 'me u hule lethal dose leo u le batlang la insulin. Tlosa nale ka lehare ebe o tlosa moea seriting. Lekola hore na ente ea insulin e nepahetse.

4. Kenya hanghang.

Haeba mokuli a hloka ho kopanya mefuta e 'meli ea insulin

1. Sebelisa likokoana-hloko tsa rabara ka liphoofolong.

Hang-hang pele u daela, tšela botlolo ea "insulin" ea nako e telele pakeng tsa liatla tsa hau ho fihlela insulin e tšoeu ka hona e le maru.

Tšela moea ka hara sirapo ka bongata bo lekanang le tekanyetso ea insulin. Kenya moea ka har'a maru a nang le marang-rang a marang-rang mme o tlose nale ka lehare.

4. Rala moea ka hara seratsoana ka bongata bo lekanang le tekanyetso ea "insulin" e sa sebetseng kapele. Kenya moea ka botlolong ea insulin e hlakileng. Fetolela vial ka syringe o inamele holimo 'me u theole lethal dose le lakatsehang la insulin e hlakileng. Tšoaea nale ka ho tlosa moea seporong. Lekola lethal dose le nepahetseng.

5. Kenya nale ka hara vinse ka "insulin" e koahetsoeng ke marang-rang, phetetsa vial ka syringe holimo mme o thebe lethal dose le lintšing tse lakatsehang. Tlosa moea ho tsoa syringe 'me u hlahlobe hore na tekanyo e nepahetse. Kenya motsoako oa insulin o bokelletsoeng hang-hang.

6. Kamehla ngola insulin ka tatellano e tšoanang le e hlalositsoeng kaholimo.

Mokhoa oa Cartridge Injection

Katse e nang le lithethefatsi Gensulin N e etselitsoe ho sebelisoa feela ka lipene tsa syringe tse tsoang Owen Mumford (Great Britain). Mokuli o lokela ho lemosoa ka tlhoko ea ho latela litaelo ka hloko ka litaelo bakeng sa tšebeliso ea pente ea syringe ho tsamaisa insulin.

Pele o sebelisoa, etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na tšenyo (ka mohlala, mapetso) katse e nang le litokisetso tsa Gensulin N. Se ke oa sebelisa mokotla haeba ho na le tšenyo e teng. Kamora hore mokotla o kenngoe ka penteng ea syringe, thapo ea mebala e lokela ho bonahala ka fensetere ea mokotla oa katse.

Pele u kenya mokotla oa pente ka pentšele ea syringe, phetisetsa karache hofihlella e le hore bolo ea khalase e tsoele pele ho tloha qetellong ho isa qetellong ea mokotla. Ts'ebetso ena e lokela ho phetoa bonyane makhetlo a 10 ho fihlela mokelikeli ohle o fetoha o mosoeu ebile o koahetsoe ke maru. Hang-hang ka mor'a sena, ente ea hlokahala.

Haeba mokotla o se o le ka har'a pene ea syringe, o lokela ho e khutlisetsa ka mokotla oa katse kahare le tlase ka makhetlo a 10. Ts'ebetso ena e tlameha ho phetoa pele ho ente e ngoe le e ngoe.

Kamora ho ente, nale e lokela ho lula tlasa letlalo bonyane metsotsoana e tšeletseng. Boloka konopo e hatelloa ho fihlela nale e tlosoe ka botlalo tlasa letlalo, ka hona ho netefatsa hore tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea litekanyetso le monyetla oa mali kapa lymph ho kena ka lesobeng kapa mokokotlong oa "insulin" o lekantsoe.

Mokotla o nang le lithethefatsi Gensulin N o etselitsoe batho feela mme ha oa lokela ho tlatsoa.

1. Ka menoana e 'meli, phutha lesaka, kenya nale ka sekoaelong sa "angle",' me u kenye insulin tlasa letlalo.

2. Kamora ente, nale e lokela ho lula tlasa letlalo bonyane metsotsoana e tšeletseng, ho etsa bonnete ba hore insulin e kenelle ka botlalo.

3. Haeba mali a hlaha setsing sa ente ka mor'a ho tlosa nale, kenella ka bonolo sebakeng sa ente ka monwana.

4. Hoa hlokahala ho fetola sebaka sa ente.

Litla-morao

Ka lebaka la phello ea metabolism ea "carbohydrate metabolism" Hypoglycemia e matla e ka lebisa ho hola ha mesifa ea hypoglycemic.

Boitšoaro bo kulang: ka seoelo - lekhopho la letlalo, edema ea Quincke, e sa tloaelehang haholo - ho ts'oaroa ha anaphylactic.

Boitšoaro ba lehae: hyperemia, ho ruruha le ho hlohlona sebakeng sa ente, ka tšebeliso ea nako e telele - lipodystrophy sebakeng sa ente.

Tse ling: edema, liphoso tsa nakoana tsa ho hlaka (hangata qalong ea phekolo).

Bokhachane le pelehi

Nakong ea kemolo, ho bohlokoa haholo ho boloka taolo e ntle ea glycemic ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Nakong ea kemaro, tlhoko ea insulin hangata e fokotseha ho trimester ea pele mme e eketseha ka trimesters ea bobeli le ea boraro.

Ho khothalletsoa hore bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba fuoe ngaka ho tsebisa ngaka ka ho qala kapa ho rera ho ima.

Bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere mellitus nakong ea lactation (ho anyesa), ho ka fetoloa tokiso ea insulin, lijo kapa tseo ka bobeli.

Ha ho ithutoa ka chefo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso lethathamong la in vitro le la vivo, insulin e ne e se na phello ea mutagenic.