Taufon le emoxipin ka nako e ts'oanang le lefu la tsoekere

Khafetsa, lefu la tsoekere le tsamaisana le motsoako o joalo ka retinopathy. Phekola lefu lena la mahlo tlasa matla a sesebelisoa sa bongaka "Emoksipin." E sebelisoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea ophthalmic, ka lebaka la phello ea eona ea kalafo, e etselitsoeng ho fokotsa tsoelo-pele ea tšenyo ea lijana tsa mahlo. Batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba lumelloa ho sebelisa "Emoksipin" haholo molemong oa morero oa bona le kamora ho buisana le setsebi se tšoanelehang.

HABOHLOKOA HO TSEBA! Le lefu la tsoekere le tsoetseng pele le ka phekoloa lapeng, ntle le ho buuoa kapa lipetlele. Bala feela seo Marina Vladimirovna a se buang. bala litlhahiso.

Tlhahisoleseling ka kakaretso

Ho hlophisoa ha litlama "Emoxipin" ho na le thepa e 'maloa e molemo ho batho. E eketsa khatello ea mmele ea ho haelloa ke oksijene, e thibela tšebetso ea oxidation mme ka hona e thibela tšenyo ea likarolo tsa micro le macro. "Emoksipin" e nka karolo ho fana ka likepe ka elasticity, matla le boreleli. Ka lebaka la moriana ona, phallo ea mali ea mali ea ntlafala.

Tsoekere e fokotseha hang-hang! Lefu la tsoekere ha nako e ntse e tsamaea le lona le ka lebisa ho letšoele la maloetse, a kang mathata a pono, maemo a letlalo le moriri, liso, maloetse a mokokotlo esita le hlahala ea mofets'e! Batho ba ile ba ruta boiphihlelo bo bohloko ho fetolela maemo a bona a tsoekere. bala ho tsoela pele.

E na le "Emoksipin" thepa e phatlalalitsoeng e le li-antithrombotic, e leng karolo ea ho bokellana ha mali hape. Ntle le moo, ts'ebeliso ea eona e fokotsa phetiso ea methapo ea methapo ea litho tsa pono, e thibela hemorrhage (phallo ea mali ho tsoa sekepeng se phatlohang ho kena 'meleng) le pherekano ea morethetho oa myocardial.

Sebopeho le mofuta oa tokollo

Litokisetso tsa meriana li fumanoa e le tharollo ea liente le marotholi a reretsoeng ho kenya mahlo. Ntho ea mantlha karolong ea meriana ke methyl ethyl pyridinol hydrochloride. Ho na le likarolo tse joalo tsa tlatsetso:

• ente metsi
• sodium sulfite,
• phosphoric acid e le letsoai la potasiamo,
• tlatsetso ea lijo E211.

Moemeli oa litlhare "Emoksipin" o laetsoe kalafo ea maemo a latelang a pathological:

Lirosa li fanoa ka khatello e eketsehileng ea intraocular.

• Tšenyo ea morao ea setho sa pono khahlanong le semelo sa nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere,
• khatello e eketsehileng ea methapo,
• mathata a myopia,
• ho pepesetsoa lik'hemik'hale le mocheso o feteletseng ho cornea,
• methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea kutlo e fapaneng.

U ka etsa kopo joang?

Polelo ea litlhare e bontša hore e lokela ho sebelisoa habeli kapa makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi, e kenya marang a leihlo le leng. Hona le litekanyetso tse khothalelitsoeng, 'me ngaka e theha tse nepahetseng ka kotloloho ho mokuli e mong le e mong ho latela lilemo, tlhahlobo le mathata a lefu lena. Nako ea tlhahlobo ea kalafo e ka fapana ho tloha matsatsing a 3-5 ho isa ho khoeli. Emoxipin e lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ho latela melao e itseng e tla thusa ho fumana litholoana tse ntle haholo tsa kalafo le ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso sebakeng sa leihlo. Tatellano ea liketso e tjena:

1. Hlatsoa matsoho ka sesepa 'me u a hlakole.
2. Ema ka pel'a seipone ho bona hore na botlolo e haufi hakae le leihlo.
3. Lahlela hlooho ea hau hanyane, ka bonolo u khutlisetse eyelid e ka tlase, u talime 'me u theole sekhahla se hlokahalang. Se ke oa sutumelletsa letlalo haholo, kaha marotholi a ka tsoa.
4. Ha ho hlokahale ho theola botlolo haufi haholo, kaha o ka senya leihlo kapa oa kenya ts'oaetso ho tsoa ho setho se seng sa pono se neng se kentsoe pele.
5. Kamora ho kenella, hang-hang koala mahlo a hau ebe o tobetsa hanyane ka monwana ho thibela tharollo ho tsoa.
6. Haeba o hloka ho beha lilense tsa khokahano, o lokela ho emela hora e le 1/3 kamora hore a kenelle

Contraindication

"Emoksipin" e nkuoa e sireletsehile haholo bakeng sa 'mele oa motho, ka hona, ha e na lithibelo ho ts'ebetso. Phoso e felletseng ea ts'ebeliso ea moriana o hlalositsoeng ke hypersensitivity ho likarolo tsa sebopeho sa eona. Se ke oa sebelisa "Emoksipin" le nakong ea kemaro.

Liketsahalo tse Fosahetseng

Ha u sebelisa Emoxipin, hangata ha mokhoa oa phekolo o behiloeng o hlakoloa, matšoao a latelang a ka hlaha:

• bokhubelu ba mahlo
• hlooho e bohloko
• ho sitisoa hoa pono
• khatello e phahameng ea mali
• Makhopho a sefahleho le ho nyehlana,
• ho otsela
• ho ruruha sebakeng sa leihlo,
• maikutlo a tukang.

Khafetsa, karabelo e joalo e mpe e hlaha ho bakuli ba nang le li-pathologies tse rarahaneng tsa systemic tse hlokang tšehetso e tloaelehileng ea bongaka. Ka tloaelo, matšoao a lehlakoreng a rarolla kapele mme ha a hloke ho kenella ho eketsehileng, empa haeba boemo bo sa tsitsinyehe nako e telele, ho khothalletsoa thuso ea bongaka ho ea hlasetsoeng.

Litaelo tse ikhethang "Emoksipina" ea nang le lefu la tsoekere

"Emoksipin", e sebelisitsoeng ho lefu la tsoekere ho phekola mafu a mahlo, ha e khothalletsoe ho sebelisoa le marotholi a mang. Bakuli ba sebelisang lilense ba tlameha ho li tlosa pele ho ts'ebetso. Botoro kamora ho buloa e tlameha ho bolokoa ka ho bata. Moetsi oa marotholi "Emoksipin" o tiisa hore mokelikeli oa pholiso o boloka thepa ea oona e sebetsang lilemo tse peli. Kamora nako ena, tšebeliso ea moriana e patiloe ka molao.

Lipehelo tsa thekiso le polokelo

O ka reka "Emoksipin" ka k'hemisteng, empa feela ka taelo ea ngaka. Kamora ho fumana, ho bohlokoa ho boloka maemo a polokelo ea moriana. Lirosa li bolokiloe sebakeng se sirelelitsoeng ke khanya ea letsatsi, mochesong oa mocheso o sa feteng likhato tse 24 tsa Celsius. Tharollo ea ente e lokela ho bolokoa sebakeng se lefifi se sa fumanehe ho bana ba banyenyane. Bophelo ba sefuba ba marotholi ke lilemo tse 2, tharollo ke lilemo tse 3.

Angiopathy e nang le lefu la tsoekere e hlaha joang 'me e tšoaroa joang?

Bakeng sa kalafo ea manonyeletso, babali ba rona ba sebelisitse DiabeNot ka katleho. Ha re bona sehlahisoa sena se tsebahala, re nkile qeto ea ho e ela hloko.

Bothata ba lefu la tsoekere lefats'eng lohle bo hlalosoa e le ba bongaka le ba sechaba, bo atile haholo. Har'a maloetse ohle a endocrine, lefu la tsoekere le 70%, 'me ho pota lefatše ho na le batho ba ka bang limilione tse 120-150 ba anngoeng ke lefu lena. Empa ha se lefu leo ​​ka bolona le tlisetsang batho mahlomola. Mathata a fapaneng a kotsi. Mme e 'ngoe ea tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa bathong ke lefu la tsoekere - ho senyeha ha methapo ea methapo.

Ka lefu la tsoekere, angiopathy e ba sesosa sa tšenyo ea nako le nako ea litho tsa bohlokoa tsa motho, ka hona e lebisa ho holofala. Pele ho tsohle, lijana li ameha, ho qala ka li-capillaries. Ho kotsi haholo bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere ke tšenyo:

• seso
• maoto le matsoho a tlase
• retina.

Leoto la lefu la tsoekere: matšoao

Se rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa ho lefu la tsoekere ke lefu la tsoekere la maoto le lengata. Ntho ea bohlokoa ea lefu lena ke tahlehelo ea li-bandwidth ke li-capillaries, tse lebisang ho tlolong ea lithane tsa leoto la phallo ea mali, e leng se bakang atrophy ea bona. Angiopathy ea lipheletso tse tlase e tsoela pele ka tsela e latelang: pele menoana e atoloha, ebe leoto, leoto le tlase le lirope. Meaho e atrophied e khaoloa ka tsela e fapaneng, ha bohloka bo qala ho hola.Maemong ana, pulsation e ntse e tsoela pele ho phehella le leng le amehang methapong ea methapo.

Bakuli ba nang le mofuta oa insulin o itšetlehileng ka insulin ba lokela ho nahana ka hloko ka lipontšo tsa lefu lena.

Leoto la lefu la tsoekere mohato oa pele oa lefu le ka hlahisoa:

• botenya le maoto a pholile,
• ho tsitsa
• tlolo ea kutlo ea kutlo
• ho opeloa hangata maotong
• ho omella ho feteletseng hoa letlalo la maoto,
• maikutlo a tukang
• ho holisa litsu.

Boemong bo latelang, ulcic ulcers, lameness e lulang e eketsoa matšoao ana. Ho feta moo, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho chechisa kalafo, ho hlokahala ho sebelisa mehato ea tšohanyetso.

Phekolo ea sejoale-joale e khetholla mekhahlelo e mene nakong ea kholo ea lefu la tsoekere.

1. Hyperemia e nang le edema ea leoto.
2. Leoto la tsoekere mohatong oa bobeli le tsamaea le liphetoho tse nyane masapong, deformation ea leoto la pele.
3. Mokhahlelong oa boraro, deformation ea leoto ea phatlalatsoa, ​​monyetla oa ho robeha, ho arohana ha likarolo tse tlase hoa eketseha.
4. Lekhetlong la ho qetela le kotsi ka ho fetesisa, leoto la tsoekere le fumana liso tsa kahare, 'me hamorao li lebisa bohlakeng.

Phekolo ea angiopathy ea likarolo tse tlase

Phekolo ea bongaka e tlisa khatholoho ho fihla ntlheng e itseng, ka hona, hoa hlokahala ho batla thuso ea ngaka e buoang methapo kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang. Ka bomalimabe, maemong a ho lieha ho sa utloahaleng, leoto la tsoekere le lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea maloetse, 'me phepelo ea phepelo ea mali ha e khonehe.

Ho latela boemo le tšenyo ea methapo ea methapo e bakoang ke angiopathy ea leoto, tekanyo e hlokahalang ea kalafo e khethoa.

• Haeba sesosa sa lefu la tsoekere le sitisoa ke methapo e meholo, joale mosebetsi o moholo ke ho khutlisetsa phallo ea mali ka leqebeng. Tabeng ena, pholiso ea mathata a lefu la leoto le ka khonahala. Ho khutlisetsa phallo ea mali, ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo kapa ho kenella ka mokhoa o hlaselang.
• Maemong a arohaneng a methapo ea methapo, phello e ntle e ba teng ka ho kenella ho sa feleng.
• Haeba angiopathy e bakile ho koaloa ha methapo e mengata, ho etsoa ts'ebetso e fetang ka tsela. E na le ho bopa phallo ea mali a maiketsetso.

Ho na le lefu lefe kapa lefe le boima ka ho fetisisa, ntho e ka sehloohong ha se ho tšoha, eseng ho tela. Hoa hlokahala ho khetha kalafo e nepahetseng mme o tsoele pele ho e phetha ka boomo le ka tatellano.

Tlhokomeliso ea lefu la tsoekere

Ho fokotsa menyetla ea khatello ena, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe setsebi sa endocrinologist le ho etsa tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea maqhubu a ultrasound (ultrasound duplex scanning). Maemong a bohloko ha o tsamaea ka leoto le tlase kapa leoto, ponahalo ea liso tsa trophic leotong, necrosis ea letlalo kapa menoana, ho hlokahala hore u tsamaise ho hlahlojoa ha methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo e holimo haholo kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Retinal angiopathy ke eng?

Liphetoho methapong ea mali e bakoang ke pherekano molaong oa methapo ea kutlo li bitsoa retinal angiopathy. Angiopathy ke litholoana tsa methapo ea 'mele, hammoho le lijana tsa retina, tse bakang ho se sebetse hantle phepong le tšebetsong ea setho. Sena se etsa hore motho a lule a le mothating oa ho fifala, 'me seo se lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea myopia, pono e lerootho.

Angiopathy e tšoauoa ka phetoho ea lumen kapa tsela ea methapo ea mali: e hlapolotsoe, e thelisitsoe, e felletsoe ka mali, joalo-joalo, ho latela sesosa se bakileng phetoho ena. Ka tloaelo lefu lena le hlaha ka mahlong a mabeli ka nako e le 'ngoe.

Mefuta ea angiopathy ho retina:

1. Retinal hypotonic angiopathy e bontšoa ke kholo e kholo ea methapo, e hulang methapo. Lijana tsa ka ntle li bonahala li holofetse.
2. Hypertensive angiopathy e ba teng ka lebaka la khatello ea mali. Boemong ba pele ba lefu lena, kamora ho felisa sesosa (khatello ea mali), fundus e fumana ponahalo e phetseng hantle.
3. Angiopathy e sithabetsang e ka ba sesosa sa khatello ea sefubeng ka tšohanyetso, ho lemala bokong, lesapo la mokokotlo, le tsamaeang le khatello ea methapo ea mali le khatello e eketsehileng ea intracranial.
4. Ho tšoaroa ke lefu la tsoekere la mahlo ho ka hlaha ka kalafo e sa lebelloang ea lefu la tsoekere. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli:

• microangiopathy - e na le ho fokotsa marako a li-capillaries, tse ka lebisang ho tsitsinyehong ea phallo ea mali, hemorrhage liseleng tse haufi,
• macroangiopathy - e na le tlhōlo ea likepe tse kholo tsa retina.

Ho lefu la tsoekere la lefu la tsoekere, mabota a likepe a koaloa ke li-mucopolysaccharides, 'me mabota a sele a lehe. Likheo tsa li-capillaries li patisane, tseo ka moso li ka lebisang ho koala ha tsona ka botlalo. Psychology ena e mpefatsa phallo ea mali, e ka bakang ho bolaoa ke tlala ea lithane. Maemong a thata ka ho fetisisa, ho hema ka makhetlo a mangata hoa khoneha, ka lebaka leo, ho fokotseha ho hoholo hoa pono.

Mekhoa ea Phekolo ea Retinal Angiopathy

Retinal angiopathy e lokela ho fumanoa ke setsebi se tšoanelehang. Ke ngaka feela e ka bonang lefu lena le ho fana ka kalafo e hlokahalang. Hangata ho fanoa ka lithethefatsi tse bakang ntlafatso ea phallo ea mali methapong ea retina:

Bakeng sa kalafo e atlehileng ea lefu la tsoekere, ho ekelletsa ho meriana, ngaka e beha lijo tse khethehileng tse sa qheleng lijo tse nang le phepo ea 'mele tse tsoang lijong. Bakuli ba fumanoang ba tšoeroe ke lefu la tsoekere ba khothaletsoa ho ikoetlisa ka tsela e leka-lekaneng e bakang tsoekere le ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea pelo le methapo.

Mekhoa ea phekolo ea physiotherapeutic kalafo (acupuncture, magnetotherapy, laser iradiation) e na le phello e molemo maemong a bakuli ba joalo.

Kahoo, kalafong ea "retinal angiopathy", karolo ea bohlokoa ke ea lingaka tse ikhethang le litsebi tse amanang le litaba tse amanang. Ngaka ea mahlo e ka khothaletsa tšebeliso ea litokisetso tsa methapo Taufon, Emoksipin, livithamini tsa mahlo ka mokhoa oa matlapa (Anthocyan Forte, Lutein Complex) ho mokuli. Ba ntlafatsa phallo ea mali ka kotloloho methapong ea mahlo 'me ba kenya letsoho ho bolokeng pono ea mokuli, ba le phello ea' mele.

Li-Glass tsa Sidorenko li ipakile e le sesebelisoa se sebetsang sa 'mele seo mokuli a ka se sebelisang ka boikemelo lapeng ho ntlafatsa boemo ba mahlo a hae. Ho kopanya pneumomassage, infrasound, phonophoresis le kalafo ea mebala, li u lumella ho fihlella liphetho tse phahameng ka nako e batlang e le khuts'oane. Ts'ebetso e phahameng, ts'ireletso ea sesebelisoa e pakoa ke liteko tsa tleliniki.

Marotholi a mahlo a nang le lefu la tsoekere: melao ea ts'ebeliso, lenane la lithethefatsi

Na u qetile lilemo tse ngata u sa khone ho sebetsana le DIABETES?

Hlooho ea Setsi: “U tla makala hore na ho bonolo hakae ho phekola lefu la tsoekere ka ho le qeta letsatsi le letsatsi.

E 'ngoe ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere ke tšenyo ea lisebelisoa tse bonahalang, tse etsahalang khafetsa. Haeba lefu le fumanoa ka nako e loketseng, u ka tlosa li-pathologies tsa mahlo ka marotholi a mahlo, ntle le ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho buoa e kenelletseng. U hloka ho tseba hore ka lefu la tsoekere, ha se lithethefatsi tsohle tse ka sebelisoang, hobane ho na le li-contraindication le mathata a mangata.

• Likarolo tsa maloetse a mahlo ho lefu la tsoekere
• Ho qoba tahlehelo ea pono ho lefu la tsoekere (video)
• Mokhoa oa ho kenya marotholi a leihlo bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 le likeletso: malebela a thusang
• Vithamine ea mahlo a nang le lefu la tsoekere
• Litokisetso tsa mahlo bakeng sa ho phekola lefu la sethoathoa ho lefu la tsoekere
• Leihlo le oela bakeng sa kalafo ea glaucoma ho lefu la tsoekere
• Ophthalmic agents bakeng sa kalafo ea retinopathy ho lefu la tsoekere

Likarolo tsa maloetse a mahlo ho lefu la tsoekere

Ho senyeha hoa tsamaiso eohle ea potoloho ea mali ho na le tšoaetso ea lefu la lefu la tsoekere, ka lebaka leo methapo ea kutlo, lisele le litho tsa litho tsa ka hare li utloang bohloko.Le lefu la tsoekere, maloetse a latelang a mahlo a hlaha hangata:

1. Cataract, e khetholloang ke ho koaheloa ke lensisi. Ka foromo e tsoetseng pele, ho hlokahala feela ts'ebetso ea ho buuoa.
2. Glaucoma e tšoana le lefu le fetileng, ketsahalo e atileng haholo ho lefu la tsoekere la mofuta leha e le ofe. Khahlano le semelo sa eona, mathata a kotsi a hlaha.
3. Backin retinopathy e tšoauoa ka tšenyo ho li-capillaries tsa retina.
4. Proliferative retinopathy e tšoauoa ka ho eketsoa ha likepe tse ncha ka har'a retina.
5. Ka maculopathy, macula e senyehile.

Mathata a lisebelisoa tse bonoang khahlanong le lefu la tsoekere a na le thuto e potlakileng. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa hore o ikopanye le setsebi sa mahlo sa mahlo bakeng sa thuso e tšoanelehang maemong a pele. Matšoao a mantlha a kenyelletsa ho fokotseha ha mahlaba a bonono, ho omella kapa, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho eketsa mongobo ka har'a li-membrane tsa mucous le ho se khotsofale.

Mokhoa oa ho kenya marotholi a leihlo bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 le likeletso: malebela a thusang

Molao oa bohlokoahali le oa bohlokoahali bakeng sa tšebeliso ea litharollo tsa mahlo bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 ke ho hirwa le ho hlakoloa ha setsebi se tšoanelehang motheong oa matšoao a tlhatlhobo.

Likarolo tsa mantlha tsa ts'ebeliso ea marotholi a mahlo bakeng la lefu la tsoekere:

1. Ho latela melao ea ngaka ka tieo ho latela litaelo.
2. Nako ea kalafo e fapana ho tloha libekeng tse peli ho isa ho tse tharo, ho ipapisitse le lefu la thuto le lefu la lefu lena.
3. Ka glaucoma, marotholi a mahlo a lula a laetsoe nako e telele ea kalafo.
4. Marotholi a mahlo a ka khona ho akhotsoa molemong oa thibelo.
5. Ts'ebetso e bohlokoa ho phethahatsa feela ka matsoho a hlatsoitsoeng hantle.
6. U ke ke ua sebelisa lerotholi le le leng ka nako e le 'ngoe ho batho ba babeli. Li lokela ho sebelisetsoa motho ka mong.
7. Ela hloko ka ho khetheha bophelo ba sehatsetsing, letsatsi la moetso, li-contraindication le liphetoho tse fapaneng ho litaelo.
8. Haeba u ntse u ts'oara lithethefatsi tse peli kapa ho feta, etsa bonnete ba hore bonyane metsotso e 15 lipakeng tsa kalafo.
9. Kamora ho kenya mahlo, hlakola hantle 'me u bolaee meriana e bolaeang limela.
10. Haeba nakong ea kenyelletso u utloa tatso ea tharollo - u se ke oa tšoha, ena ke ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng, kaha marotholi a kenella habonolo ka meqomong ea nko kahara molomong oa molomo le larynx.

Mokhoa oa ho rotha ka nepo:

• bula cap, ha ho hlokahala, nka pipette e hloekileng,
• nka maemo a phutholohileng - ho lula kapa ho robala,
• inamisa hlooho, 'me u leke ho hula letheba le ka tlase, mahlo a hau a lokela ho lebisoa holimo,
• lahlela palo e hlokahalang ea marotholi ka lerameng le ka tlase haufi le sekhutlo sa mahlo.
• se ke oa lumella pipette hore e ame li-mucous le li-eyelas tsa mucous,
• khutlisetsa Eyelid maemong a eona a mantlha 'me u koahele leihlo,
• ho ntlafatsa phetiso ea tharollo, silika ka bonolo sehokelo sa khokahano,
• tlosa tharollo e setseng ka swab e loileng e loileng,
• boloka mahlo a hau a koetsoe metsotso e seng mekae.

Vithamine ea mahlo a nang le lefu la tsoekere

Pele ho tsohle, ka lefu la tsoekere, ho khethoa ha li-proxes tsa vithamine bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa pono hoa hlokahala. Li lokela ho ba le livithamini B1, B6, B2, E, A, C, li-antioxidants, liminerale le lintho tse ling tse molemo. Tse ling tsa litokisetso tsa mahlo tse sebetsang hantle ka livithamini ke tse latelang:

Doppelherz Active (haholo bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere) e tšoauoa ka ho phetisa lintho tse haellang le ho potlakisa ha lits'ebetso tsa metabolic mochini oa lisebelisoa. Ho bohlokoa haholo ho li sebelisa nako e telele, joalo ka ha boemo ba lefu la tsoekere bo ntlafala.

Ophthalmo-DiabetoVit ke analog ea boleng bo holimo ea lithethefatsi tse fetileng.

Lefu la tsoekere la alfabeta le entsoe ka litlatsetso tsa limela tsa meriana. E thibela nts'etsopele ea mathata le mafu a mahlo ka kakaretso.

"Alphabet Opticum" e boetse e thehiloe likarolo tsa semela sa tlhaho sa tlhaho.

Litokisetso tsa mahlo bakeng sa ho phekola lefu la sethoathoa ho lefu la tsoekere

Libukeng tsa mahlo, lilense ea leihlo e ikarabella bakeng sa maru, e ikarabellang bakeng sa setšoantšo sa mahlo. Likatse li hlaha ka potlako, empa mehatong ea pele e ka phekoloa ka marotholi a mahlo a khethehileng.Mekhoa e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa le e atisang ho beoa ka mokhoa oa marotholi a mahlo bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta ofe kapa ofe:

1. "Taufon" kapa "Taurine" li na le phello e nchafatsang. Li-membrane tsa sele li khutlisetsoa, ​​liketsahalo tsa dystrophic lia felisoa, metabolism e potlakisa mme ts'usumetso ea methapo e tsamaisoa habonolo. Ho hang ha ho na litla-morao, empa karabelo ea ho kulisa e ka hlaha. Contraindication - lilemo ho fihlela lilemo tse 18, allergy ho likarolo. E lumelloa ho hula makhetlo a 2-4 ka letsatsi bakeng sa marotholi a mabeli. Nako ea kalafo ke matsatsi a 90. Khefutso ke khoeli.
2. "Catalin" e kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ea metabolic ka ho toba ka lense ea leihlo, e thibela nts'etsopele ea likatse le ho fetola tsoekere hore e be sorbitol, eo lense e timeloang ho eona. Ha o sebelisoa, o ikutloa o le mosesane haholo ha o qeta ho lla, o ntse o tšolla meokho, e khubelu. O ka rotha makhetlo a 5 ka letsatsi, marotholi a mabeli. Tsela ea kalafo e laetsoe motho ka mong.
3. Quinax e na le motsoako o ka sehloohong o sebetsang - azapentacene, ka lebaka la hore lits'ebetso tsa metabolic li sebetsoa, ​​khatello ea methapo ea kutlo e tloaelehile mme khanyetso ea lense ho oxidation e eketseha. Ka katleho e tlosa ho koaheloa ke lense ka nepo, ha ho na liphetoho tse tla hlaha. Etsa kopo ho tloha makhetlo a 3 ho isa ho a 5 ka letsatsi, marotholi a mabeli. Nako e khethoa ke setsebi.

Ka lefu la tsoekere le lefu la pelo, ho thibetsoe ka thata ho etsa opereishene, ka hona, tšebeliso ea meriana e nkoa e le eona feela khetho ea kalafo.

Leihlo le oela bakeng sa kalafo ea glaucoma ho lefu la tsoekere

Ka glaucoma, khatello ea methapo ea kutlo e eketseha haholo, e lebisang bofofu bo felletseng kapa ba leeme. Marotholi a mahlo a sebelisoang haholo ke a latelang:

1. "Yopidin", "Alfagan R", "Luxfen", "Brimonidin", "Combigan". Marotholi ana a fokotsa tlhahiso ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo, e ntlafatsa phallo, e fella ka khatello ea methapo ea methapo. Lithethefatsi ke alpha adrenergic receptor agonists.
2. "Timolol", "Trusopt", "Betoptic", "Levobunolol", "Xonef", "Betaxolol". "Metipranolol" e na le lithibelo tsa beta.
3. Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide e thehiloe ho li-inhibitors tsa carbonic anhydrase.
4. "Pilocar", "Physostigmine." Lithethefatsi ke tsa li-myotic.
5. "Lumigan", "Travoprost", "Latanoprost" - prostaglandins.

Ophthalmic agents bakeng sa kalafo ea retinopathy ho lefu la tsoekere

Ka retinopathy, tsamaiso ea mahlo ea methapo e ameha, ka lebaka la moo ho nang le mathata a methapo ea methapo ea methapo kahare ho lisebelisoa tsa pono. Ho sebelisoa marotholi a mahlo a latelang:

1. Sehlopha sa lithethefatsi se etselitsoeng ho phekola lefu la sethoathoa (se boletsoeng ka holimo).
2. "Emoksipin" e thusa ho potlakisa ho potoloha ha mali le metabolism, e sitisa mali a tsoang. Liphetoho tse fapaneng li kenyelletsa ho chesa le ho hlohlona. Etsa kopo habeli ka letsatsi, marotholi a mabeli ka letsatsi.
3. "Holo-Chest" e kenya letsoho ho omella. E sebelisoa makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi.
4. Riboflavin hangata e laeloa ke lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. E na le vithamine ea B, e tloaelehileng ea hemoglobin. E potlakisa metabolism. E ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa pono. Ho oela ha hoa lumelloa ho feta lerotholi le le leng la makhetlo a mabeli ka letsatsi. Litlamorao - ho fokotseha ha nako e khuts'oanyane ho li-acuity tsa pono le allergy.
5. Lacemox e mongobo 'me e nolofatsa, e na le tšireletso ho conjunctiva le cornea. E khothaletsa ho ts'oaroa ha lisele kahare ho lisebelisoa tse bonoang, e fokotsa tekanyo ea ho ruruha, e khutlise membrane ea retinal. Contraindication - boimana, allergy ho likarolo. Kamora ho sebelisoa, e baka ho hlohlona ha nakoana le ho chesa. U ka kenya kopo makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi bakeng sa marotholi a mabeli.

Ho bohlokoa haholo ho ela hloko matšoao a bontšang nts'etsopele ea mafu a mahlo ka nako e loketseng. Hopola, ho ea tleleniking ka methati ea pele le ho latela litaelo tsa ngaka ka botlalo ho tla u thusa ho qoba litlamorao tse mpe - ho fokotsa ho fifala ha pono ho fihlela bofofu bo felletseng!

Menahano ea lithethefatsi

Maemong a ho se mamelle batho ka bomong ho baemeli ba "Emoksipin" kapa ka mabaka afe kapa afe a etsang hore ho se khonehe ho sebelisa marotholi, lingaka li fana ka meriana e tšoanang le ntho e sebetsang. Lisebelisoa tse latelang tsa litlhare li ka nkela "Emoksipin":

Khutlela tafoleng ea litaba

Lisosa le Lintho Tse Kotsi

Diabetes retinopathy e hlaha bongata ba bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Lefu lena ke lona sesosa se ka sehloohong sa ho senya likepe tsa "retinal". Haeba lefu la tsoekere le hlaha hoo e ka bang lilemo tse peli, lefu lena la methapo le fumanoa ho 15% ea bakuli, lilemo tse 15 - 50%, lilemo tse 25 kapa ho feta - tekanyo ea liketsahalo e fihla 100%.

Tekanyo ea tsoekere ea "tsoekere" ea lefu la tsoekere e itšetleha ka ho nepahala ha kalafo ea etiological, hammoho le maloetse a amanang le ona. Psychology ea methapo ea mokokotlo e hlaha ka potlako haholo haeba mokuli a e-na le mathata a joalo:

• dyslipidemia,
• botenya
• metabolic syndrome
• ho se sebetse hantle hantle ha renal
• khatello ea mali.

Lisosa tse khothatsang holima nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere e ka ba moimana, litloaelo tse mpe (ho tsuba) ho kena bohlankaneng kapa botšehali.

Mothati oa lefu la tsoekere la Retinopathy

Ho latela liphetoho tsa methapo ea methapo, methapo e meraro ea lefu lena ea khetholoha:

Ke - retinopathy e sa feteng. E tsamaisana le ho ruruha ha retina seterekeng sa macula, li-microaneurysms, tse mabapi le ho ruruha, hemorrhage hammoho le methapo, letlapeng la fundus le bonahala ho retina.

II - prinopathy ea lefu la tsoekere. Li-hemorrhages tse ngata tse ngata, k'hothone le li-exudates tse tiileng li na le tšobotsi. Liphetoho tse hlakileng tsa sebopeho sa methapo ea mahlo.

III - "prolifative retinopathy". Neovascularization ea optic nerve disc e etsahala. Karolong ea hemorrhage ea preretinal, mefuta ea lisele tsa fibrous. Hangata hlaolela ho koenya hape ka mokokotlong.

Kotsi ea lefu la tsoekere la retinopathy ke hore nako e telele ha e tsamaisane le lipontšo tsa pathological. Nakong ea liphetoho tse sa hlokeng ho eketseha ka lebaka la ho ruruha ha methapo ea mokuli, ho fifala feela ha lintho, ho thatafalloa ke ho etsa mosebetsi o le haufi le mahlo, mohlala, ha o bala, ho ka ferekanya.

Lekhetlong le atisang ho hlaha, ho hlaha lithekoana, li baka ponahalo ea lesira, libaka tse lefifi tse tsamayang, tse nyamelang butle-butle. Haeba ho na le lintlafatso tsa bohlokoa, ho fokotseha ho matla ha mahlo a mahlo ho fihlela mahlo ka botlalo.

Ts'oaetso

Kaha lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere ha le hlahe ka methating ea pele, empa ha e le hantle le hlaha ho mellitus ea lefu la tsoekere, bakuli ba nang le lefu lena ba lokela ho lula ba hlahlojoa le setsebi sa mahlo. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lefu la pejana, lithuto tse joalo li fanoe:

• Visometry
• biomicroscopy
• ophthalmoscopy under mydriasis,
• perimetry
• khoeleho ea kutloano
• tonometry.

Tlhahlobo e ngoe hape e latela setšoantšo sa fundus se amohetseng. Ho hlahlojoa ha leihlo ka leihlo la leihlo ho laoloa ha ho fumanoa 'mele oa lense le lense le phahameng. Ho fumana ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo le retina, ho boletsoe:

• boikemisetso ba CFSM,
• electroretinography,
• electrooculography.

Gonioscopy e sebelisetsoa glaucoma e belaelloang. Ho bona ka leihlo likepe tsa thuso ea retina:

• Angiography,
• laser e hlahlobang tomography.

Batho ba kotsing ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere la retinopathy ba lokela ho hlahlojoa nako le nako ho bona hore na boemo ba lipid ke bofe. Hape, ho ka hlahlojoa leihlo letsatsi le leng le le leng, ECG, echocardiografia, li-ultrasound tsa likepe tse fanang ka liphio.

Phekolo ea lefu la tsoekere la Retinopathy

Bakuli ba fuoa kalafo e rarahaneng, e itšetlehileng ka sethala sa lefu lena le ho ba teng ha li-pathologies tse tšoanang. Etsa bonnete ba ho etsa kalafo ea "pathology" ea mantlha - lefu la tsoekere le khethoa. Phekolo ea matšoao e boetse e fanoa:

• antiplatelet agents
• angioprotectors
• antihypertensive lithethefatsi.

Haeba lefu la tsoekere la retinopathy le tsamaisana le macular edema, tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ea lithethefatsi tsa steroid e etsoa. Hajoale ho kenella ts'ebetsong ea laser e eketsehileng. Mokhoa ona o u lumella ho emisa ho imeloa ha methapo ea kutlo, ho qoba ho chechisetsoa morao ka mokokotlong, le ho fihlela phallo ea methapo ea mali.

Laser coagulation e etsoa ka mefuta e mengata:

• barriers - e sebelisoa bakeng sa mofuta o sa ateng oa mafu le lefu lena la macular,
• tsepamiso - e bonts'itsoeng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso haeba ho ka etsahala hore ho fumanoe aneurysm, hemorrhage ea retinal, exudates.

Haeba lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere le tsamaisana le mathata a teng ka mokokotlong oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, hemophthalmus le maemo a mang, ho ka boleloa hore vitlocomy - ho tlosoa hoa mmele oa vitreous, hemorrhage, ho arohana ha methapo ea lisele tse sebetsanang.

Firm GmbH Firm

1 ml ea tharollo e na le

Lintho tse sebetsang: Methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride (emoxypine) - 10 mg,

Baeti: anhydrous sodium sulfite - 3.0 mg, sodium benzoate - 2.0 mg, potasiamo dihydrogen phosphate - 6.2 mg, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate - 7.5 mg, methyl cellulose 5.0 mg, metsi bakeng sa ente - ho fihla ho 1 ml .

Matšoao a sebeliso:

• kalafo le thibelo ea ho ruruha le ho chesoa ke makhopho,
• kalafo ea li-hemorrhages ka kamoreng e ka ntle ea leihlo,
• kalafo le thibelo ea hemorrhage ho sclera ho batho ba tsofetseng
• thrombosis ea mothapo o moholo oa mokokotlo oa retina le makala a eona,
• kalafo ea mathata a Myopia,
• Ts'ireletso ea mokokotlo ha u roala lilense tsa ho ikopanya,
• lefu la tsoekere.

Phatlalatso le Thibelo

Katleho ea tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere e itšetlehile ka hore na lefu le fumanoe neng, le ho lekana ha kalafo. Liphetho tse ntle li bonts'oa ke prophylactic laser coagulation sethaleng sa prolliferative. Phekolo ea boleng bo phahameng ea lefu la tsoekere le ho lekola maemo a tsoekere ka botlalo le eona e thusa ho lieha ho qala ha bofofu.

Thibelo ea lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere le na le ho hlahloba tsoekere hangata ka lefu la tsoekere, kalafo e lekaneng ea mafu a kopaneng. Proposis e sa rateheng ka ho fetisisa ea ho kopana ha methapo ea mafu a methapo le khatello ea methapo.

Ente ea Emoxipin

Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Semela sa 'Meli sa Endocrine"

1 ml ea tharollo e na le

Lintho tse sebetsang: Methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride (Emoxipine) - 10 mg,

Baeti: hydrochloric acid 0, 1 M, metsi bakeng sa ente

Matšoao a sebeliso:

• Hemorrhage subconjunctival le intraocular ea mefuta e fapaneng,
• Angioretinopathy (ho kenyeletsa le lefu la tsoekere la lefu la tsoekere),
• Kati le peripheral chorioretinal dystrophy, ho kenyeletsa le myopia e rarahaneng,
• Thrombosis ea mothapo o moholo oa mokokotlo le makala a eona,
• Opereishene ea mahlo, boemo kamora ho buuoa bakeng sa glaucoma e nang le chachide choroid,
• Maloetse a cornea ea cornea,
• Ho tsoa likotsi, ho ruruha le ho chesoa ke moea,
• Ts'ireletso ea cornea (ha u roala lilense tsa ho ikopanya) le leihlo la mahlo hore le se hloekisoe ke khanya e matla (laser le sunburn, ka laser coagulation).

Likahare tsa mokhethoa oa lingoloa oa saense ea bongaka Volkova, Natalya Anatolevna

Lefu la tsoekere ke sehlahlo sa pele har'a mathata a tobaneng le saense ea bongaka le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle hoo e batlang e le linaheng tsohle tsa lefats'e. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho bile le keketseho e sa khaotseng ea lefu la tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere, le eketseha selemo le selemo ka 6-10%, ka hona, palo eohle ea bakuli ho la Russian Federation e fihla ho 2-4% ea palo eohle ea batho (Balabolkin M.I., 2000, Dedov I.I. ., 2002). Lefu la tsoekere le ile la qala ho amana, hammoho le mafu a pelo le a oncological, ho lefu lena la mafu hangata le lebisang ho holofetseng le lefu la bakuli (Shestakova MV, 2000, Saltykov BB, 2001).

Leha ho le thata le ho feta ha pathogenesis ea mathata a morao-rao a lefu la tsoekere, sebaka sa mantlha ho qaleng le nts'etsopele ea bona ke "hyperglycemia", ka hona, sepheo sa mantlha sa kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere ke ho fumana puseletso ea nako e telele le e tsitsitseng bakeng sa metabolism ea carbohydrate. Leha ho le joalo, phekolo e rarahaneng ea lefu lena ha e felle ntle le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse sebetsang ho likhokahano tse ling tsa pathogenetic kholisong le tsoetseng pele ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere, a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e leng dyslipidemia. Ho leka ho susumetsa khokahano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fumanehang ho pathogenesis ea lefu la tsoekere, ngaka, ka bomalimabe, e huleloa ka mokhoa o sa sebetseng ho polypharmacy, mabapi le moo palo ea litla-morao e seng feela, empa le lefu le eketsehang (Nerup J., 1994, Marse J. B. et al. , 2001).

Ka hona, khetho e fanoa ho lithethefatsi ka phello e kopaneng, khetho ea eona ha e kholo haholo: tsena ke litokollo tsa sulfonylurea (Aschcroft F. M. et al., 2001), biguanides (Jansen M. et al., 1991) le thiazolidinedione derivatives (Sato Y. et al al. ., 1999).

Litla-morao tse fapaneng le lithibelo tse felletseng li fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsena maemong a bongaka. Ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa sulfonylurea e lekanyelitsoe ke nts'etsopele ea khatello ea bobeli ho tsona ho 5-10% ea bakuli ba nang le mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere (Aleksandrov A.A., 2001). Thibelo ea ts'ebeliso ea li-biguanides e khethoa ke monyetla oa ho nts'etsapele lactic acidosis (Witztum J.L., 1992), le thiazolidinedione derivatives tse senotsoeng ke hepatotoxicity (Fomuan L.M., et al., 2000).

Lintlha tsena kaofela li hlakisa tlhokeho ea ho theha lithethefatsi tse ncha tse sebetsang hantle, tse sireletsehileng tsa lefu la tsoekere, hobane feela ho eketsa palo ea baemeli ba antidiabetic ba molomo ho tla ntlafatsa puseletso ea lefu la tsoekere ho nahanela litšobotsi tsa motho ka mong, ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba bakuli, ho fokotsa ho holofala, ho boloka ts'ebetso ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, le nang le lefu le leholo. bohlokoa ba sechaba le moruo sechabeng.

Bokamoso ke ba lithethefatsi tse ka amang ka ho khetheha lihokela tsa pathogenetic tsa lefu lena le ho fana ka monyetla oa thibelo le khalemelo ea mathata a methapo ea lefu la tsoekere. Ho fanoa ka karolo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea mahala ea oxidation ea ts'ebetso ho pathogenesis ea lefu la tsoekere mellitus le mathata a eona a vascular (Balabolkin M.I. et al., 1999, Korchin V.I., 2000, Bondar I.A. et al., 2001, Fadeeva N.I. . et al., 2001), lithethefatsi tsa mofuta oa li-antioxidant e kanna ea ba sehlopha se ts'episang sa lithuto tse joalo. Ho diabetesology, boiphihlelo bo fumanoe ka ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse ngata tse nang le ts'ebetso ea antioxidant, ho kenyelletsa le nicotinamide (Gorelysheva V.A. et al., 1996, Bondar I.A. et al., 2001, Kolb N. et al., 1999, Pozzilli et al., 1999), a-tocopherol (Ceriello A. et al., 1991,

Pozzilli P. et al., 1997, Frei B., 1999, Bursell S.E. et al., 1999, Emmert D. M. et al., 1999), lipoic acid (Balabolkin M.I. et al., 2000). Lilemong tsa morao tjena, thahasello ea bafuputsi le lingaka e eketsehile sehlopheng sa li-antioxidants tse qhibilihang ka metsing, tse kenyelletsang lintlha tse tsoang ho 3-hydroxypyridine, e ka sebetsang ka lihokela tse 'maloa tsa pathogenesis ea lefu la tsoekere la mellitus. Ho latela lingoliloeng (Grechko A.T., et al., 1998, Smirnov L.D., 1998, Nelaeva A.A., 1999, Lukyanova L.D., 1999, 2000, 2002 ,, T. Devyatkina et al., 2000, V. Yasnetsov et al., 1999) le liphetho tsa lithuto tse fetileng (V. Inchina et al., 1996, 2000, A. V. Zorkina, 1997, 1999, L.N. Sernov ., 1996, 1998, Spasov A.A. et al., 1997, 1999, Nazipova D.A. et al., 1998, Vintin N.A., 1999, Mikhin V.P. et al., 1998, 2002 , Mironov N.V. et al., 2002, Katikova O.V. et al., 2002 le ba bang), likhakanyo tsa letoto lena la lik'hemik'hale li bonts'a hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antihypoxic, anticoagulant Noe, antithrombogenic, antiplatelet, immunomodulatory, lera-sireletsang sebediswa. Ka hona, lipatlisiso tsa lithethefatsi tse ka bang teng tsa antidiabetic ka phello e kopaneng har'a li-3-hydroxypyridine e utloahala ebile e loketse.

Morero o ka sehloohong oa thupelo ena e ne e le ho ithuta phello ea mexidol le emoxipin ho litekanyetso tse itseng tsa metabolic tlasa litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa tlhahlobo ea hyperglycemia le hypercholesterolemia ea ka ntle ho liphoofolo tse lekang, hammoho le maling a bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.

Ho ipapisitse le sepheo sa ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi ona, mesebetsi e latelang e rarollotsoe:

1. Ho ithuta ka phello ea mexidol, emoxipin, dimephosphone le α-tocopherol ho glycemia, matšoao a mang a lipid le protheine ea metabolism ea liteko tsa lefu la tsoekere hammoho le hypercholesterolemia ea ka ntle.

2. Ho ithuta ka phello ea lithethefatsi lits'ebetsong tsa lipid peroxidation le boemo ba sistimi ea antioxidant tsamaisong ea mali le lisele tsa liphoofolo tse lekang tlasa maemo a methapo ea methapo.

3. Ho ithuta phetoho mosebetsing oa bioelectric ea myocardium holima ts'ebeliso ea li-antioxidants tse ithutoang tlasa litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa liteko tsa lefu la tsoekere la mellitus le hypercholesterolemia.

4. Ho ithuta ka phello ea mexidol, emoxipin le dimephosphon boemong ba glycemia, tekanyo ea glycation ea hemoglobin, boemo ba lipid peroxidation system ho mali a plasma le erythrocyte ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mellitus ho vitro.

Mahlale a saense a mosebetsi

Litlamorao tsa mexidol, emoxipin, dimephosphone le a-tocopherol seterekeng sa carbohydrate, lipid, protheine metabolism, lipid peroxidation le ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea antioxidant ka har'a plasma ea mali le lisele tsa liphoofolo tse lekang li ile tsa ithutoa tlasa litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa liteko tsa lefu la tsoekere la mellitus le exo Natural hypercholesterolem. hypoglycemic le litlamorao tsa antioxidant, tse hlahisitsoeng ha li bapisoa le dimephosphone le a-tocopherol.

Ka lekhetlo la pele, ho ile ha bontšoa hore mexidol, emoxipine le dimephosphon, ha e kopantsoe le lefu la tsoekere le hypercholesterolemia, ho lokisa ho tsitsipana hoa motlakase, ho thusa ho tsosolosa tšebetso ea bioelectric ea myocardium.

E ile ea bontšoa pele hore ho boloka mali a bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere mexidol le emoxipin ho fokotsa boemo ba glycemia hape ho sitisa hemoglobin glycation ho vitro. Ho kenella ka mali le li-antioxidants tse ithutoang ho fokotsa lipid peroxidation (ho iketsahalla le ho kenngoa ka tšepe), ho ntlafatsa boemo ba sistimi ea antioxidant maling a mali le erythrocyte ea bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere. Phello e phahameng e senotsoe ha Mexicoidol e kenngoa ka har'a motsoako o sa kenngoeng.

Boleng bo sebetsang ba mosebetsi

Liphetho tsa boithuto li holisa kutloisiso ea pharmacology ea mexidol, emoxipin, dimephosphone le - tocopherol. Ya boleng bo sebetsang ke ya data ho bokhoni ba li-antioxidants tse ithutoang ho lokisa litšitiso tsa carbohydrate, lipid, metabolism ea protheine, ho se tsitse ha motlakase ka tlase ho litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa lefu la tsoekere la mellitus le hypercholesterolemia.

Lintlha tse fumanoeng li ka sebelisoa ho tsoela pele ho ithuta litlamorao tsa lithethefatsi hammoho le lintlha tsena tse kotsing.

Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa dissertation li kenelletse mosebetsing oa ho etsa lipatlisiso oa Lefapha la Pharmacology ea Mordovia State University.

Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa ho Sireletsa

1. Lits'ebetso tsa 3-hydroxypyridine li sebetsa hantle haholo ha li bapisoa le dimephosphone le mathata a ho lokisa lintho tse amanang le carbohydrate, protheine le lipid metabolism tlasa litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa lefu la tsoekere le hypercholesterolemia ea khale.

2. Li-antioxidants tsohle tse ithutoang li thibela nts'etsopele ea motlakase o sa tsitsang oa motlakase, ho fokotsa ho hasanya ha nako ea QT.

4.

5.Mexicoidid ka tekanyo ea 0,025 mg / ml, e na le "hypoglycemic" e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea antioxidant, e sebetsang hantle haholo ho thibela ts'ebetso ea hemoglobin glycation, lipoperoxidation.

Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso le litokisetso tsa mantlha tse hlahisitsoeng ho dissertation li tlalehiloe sebokeng sa bo-ramahlale ba banyenyane ba Univesithi ea 'Muso ea Mordovia. N.P. Ogareva (Saransk, 2002), X Russian National Congress "Monna le Phekolo" (Moscow, 2003), Congress ea bobeli ea litsebi tsa bongaka tsa Russia (Moscow, 2003), XXXI Ogarev Readings (kopano ea saense ea N.P. Mordovian State University Ogareva, Saransk, 2003).

Lingoliloeng Sehloohong sa dissertation se phatlalalitsoeng sea sebetsa.

Boholo le sebopeho sa mosebetsi

Dissertation e na le kenyelletso, tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng, likhaolo tse tharo, tse hlalosang sephetho sa lipatlisiso tsa rona, puisano ea sephetho, sephetho le lenane la litšupiso. Mosebetsi o thehiloe maqepheng a thaepiloeng, a bontšitsoeng ka litšoantšo le litafole. Lethathamo la Libibele le na le mabitso a mesebetsi, ho kenyeletsoa bangoli ba malapeng le ba kantle ho naha.

Khaolo ea 1. Ho hlahloba lingoliloeng

1.1. Mehopolo ea sejoale-joale ka pathogenesis ea lefu la tsoekere.

Karolo ea lipid peroxidation ho pathogeneis ea lefu la tsoekere.

Pharmacotherapy ea lefu la tsoekere mellitus ke mosebetsi o rarahaneng oa kliniki, ho o rarolla moo ho hlokahalang ho ela hloko likarolo tsa nts'etsopele ea ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo. Hajoale, lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere le nkoa e le lefu le iphetotseng liphatsa tsa lefutso, moo ho hlahang le ho hola moo maikutlo a autoimmune a leng bohlokoa haholo (Balabolkin MI, 2000, Baker J. R., 1997). Boemong bona, tšenyo ea lip - lisele tsa manyeme li ka etsahala ka bobeli ka lebaka la ho pepeseha ka kotloloho, hape ka lebaka la mathata a methapo ea methapo ka har'a manyeme (Bobyreva L.E., 1998). Mochine oa autoimmune oa ho hlaha ha lefu la tsoekere o na le mofuta oa liphatsa tsa lefutso o amanang le mefuta ea tsamaiso ea HLA (Conrad D., et al., 1997). Cytokines e kenya letsoho ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'enyo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung (Chung Y. N., 1999), e sitisang tšebelisano' moho 'me e lebisa ho amoheloeng ha limolek'hule tsa morero o ka sehloohong oa histocompatigue ho (lisele tse 3) Ts'ebetso ea autoimmune e sebetsang e tsamaisana le keketseho ea liphetoho tsa phetoho ea mahala le ho theha metsoako e chefo. tšenyo le apoptosis ea lisele tsa Pancreatic P (Gorelysheva VA, 1999, Azazo OA, 2001, Ametov AS, 2001, Kaneto Hideaki et al., 1995, Dandona P., 1996). nako, motheo oa liphatsa tsa lefutso - mofuta ha o bake ea lipelaelo tsa bona. Ho tloha ka pono ea kajeno, ho ntse ho nahanoa likhetho tse peli: ea pele - mefuta e 'meli e ikemetseng e kentse letsoho pathogeneis ea lefu la tsoekere la 2. E mong o ikarabella bakeng sa secretion ea insulin, mme ea bobeli - e baka nts'etsopele ea insulin. Hape ho nahanoang ke ho ba teng ha sekoli se tloaelehileng tsamaisong ea tlhokomeliso ea glucose | 3 - lisele kapa lithapo tsa pherekano (Dedov II, et al., 2002).

Ntho ea bohlokoa ea pathogenetic ho nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ke ho fokotseha ha motsoako oa "insulin", o amang metabolism ea glucose ea intracellular, e kenngoeng ka mahlakore a mabeli. Taba ea mantlha, mofuta oa diacylglycerol oa eketseha, o sitisang ts'ebetso ea Na / K-ATPase, hape o baka tšenyo ea li-enzyme tse ka hare, tse fokotsang boemo ba fructose-2, -phosphate, bo fokotsa glycolysis le ho ntlafatsa gluconeogenesis (Ishii N., 1998, Kim SJ et al. ., 1998). Taba ea bobeli, tsela ea phapanyetsano ea polyol e kenngoe ts'ebetsong ha ho etsoa sorbitol, eo hape e fokotsang tšebetso ea Na / K - ATPase. Phetoho e latelang ea sorbitol ho Fructose, e leng karoloana ea lits'ebetso tsa glycosylation, e ntlafatsa karabelo ea parametolic (e seng enzymatic), e thehiloeng ho theho ea lihlahisoa tsa glycosylation maemong a enzymes, glycosaminoglycans ea membrane le liprotheine tsa plasma.

Ts'ebetso ea lipid peroxidation e amana le liphetoho tsa parametolic, hobane ho na le khokahano e tobileng pakeng tsa boemo ba lihlahisoa tsa autooxidation le ho teba ha mathata a methapo ea methapo (Bobyreva L.E., 1996, Verbova N.I. et al., 1997, Chernov Yu.N. et al. 1999, Hori O. et al., 1998, Brownlee M., 1999, Brownlee M. 2000).

Free radical oxidation ea lipids ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa bohlokoa, joalo ka phetiso ea elektrone ke likarolo tsa flavin, nchafatso ea sebopeho sa lipid sa biomembranes, phosphorylation ea oxidative ho mitochondria, mitogeneis, nerve impulse impuction, joalo-joalo (Lankin V.Z. et al., 2000, Halliwell V., 2000). Lihlahisoa tsa lipid peroxidation (lipid peroxidation) ke tsona tse tlang pele ho li-prostaglandins le li-derivatives tsa tsona - li-thromboxanes le tsa botekatse (Kagan V.E., et al., 1992). Liphetoho tsa Peroxidation tse etsahalang khafetsa kahare ho li-membrane tsa lisele li kenya letsoho ho nchafatseng sebopeho sa tsona sa lipid le ho boloka tšebetso e lekanang ea li-enzyme tsohle tse tsamaeang ka lipid tse tsamaeang le lipilisi, tse kenyeletsang litsamaiso tsohle tsa enzyme tsa mmele (Voskresensky ON, 1986, Dubinina E.E., 1995, Burlakova E.N. ., 1998, Lankin V.Z., et al., 2000, Morugova T.V., 2000, Velichkovsky B.T., 2001).

Ho ea ka bangoli ba 'maloa, ho qaptjoa ha oksijene e sa lekanyetsoang e khothalletsoang ke li-cytokines ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho pathogeneis ea lefu la tsoekere. Li-Cytokines tse kang interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor le γ-interferon li ka ama secretion ea insulin mme li ba le phello ea cytotoxic ho li-p-cell tsa manyeme ho vitro (Smirnova OM, Gorelysheva V.A. 1999).

Ho ata ha li-radicals tsa mahala tsa oksijene ho patiloe ke li-macrophages tse sebetsang le lisele tsa P tse senyehileng (Kroncke K.D., et al., 1991, Burkard V., et al., 1992, Madndrup - Poulsen T., et al., 1993). Lisele tsa Islet li na le ts'ireletso e fokolang ea antioxidant mme li hlaseleha habonolo ho li-radicals tsa mahala, e leng lona lebaka le ka sehloohong la tlhahlobo ea bona ea lefu la tsoekere mellitus (Kogan A.Kh., 1999, Asayama K., et al., 1996). Matlafatso ea lits'ebetso tsa lipid peroxidation e netefalitsoe ka liteko mefuteng ea khale ea tsoekere ea mellitus e nang le alloxan le streptozotocin.

Phello ea lefu la tsoekere e thehiloe ke tropism ea alloxan ho lisele tsa P - mme e fokotseha ho timetsoa ha tsona (Karagezyan K.G., Hovsepyan L.M., Adonts K.G., 1990, Fridovich I, 1992). Tropism ea alloxan e hokahana le tumellano ea eona bakeng sa tse ikhethileng, tse fumanehang feela ho lisele tsa P - tokiso ea lihlopha tsa SH tsa membrane tse nang le tekanyo e phahameng ea ionization, e fumanehang tikolohong ea li-glucose receptors. Ho tšoana ha li-paramente tsa molek'hule tsa glucose le alloxan, boteng ba liathomo tsa naetrojene le lihlopha tsa carbonyl ka sebopeho sa eona, li netefatsa tšebelisano ea alloxan le SH - lihlopha tsa li-glucose receptors le ho kenella ha eona mahala ho (3 - lisele tsa li-pancreas (Karagezyan K.G., Gevorkyan D.M., 1989 , Litvinchuk M.M., 1994).

Mochini oa nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere ea streptozotocin o amahanngoa le bokhoni ba eona ba ho fokotsa khatello ea methapo ea NAD, ka lebaka la keketseho ea ts'ebetso ea poly-ATP ribose synthetase (Yamoto N. et al., 1990), ts'ebetso ea lipid peroxidation, ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea antioxidant le superoxide dismutase (Ovcharova N, I. Et. Al. 1998). Kenyelletso ea thapeloizone boitekong e boetse e thusa ho ntlafatseng khaello ea insulin e felletseng, ka lebaka la ho theoa ha lihlahisoa tse nang le chefo ka zinc ka thapeloizone ka nts'etsopele ea lits'ebetso tse senyang ho (3 - lisele tsa li-islets tsa Langerhans (Bayers JW, 1991) Ts'ebetso ea LP le khatello ea maikutlo ea ts'ireletso ea antioxidant ke mekhoa ea bokahohle ntlafatsong ea liteko tsohle. mefuta ea lefu la tsoekere ha e na 1 feela, empa hape ke ea mofuta: ha ho fepa likhoto tsa khale ka sucrose e feteletseng, nts'etsopele ea khatello ea oxidative liseleng tsa beta e ile ea senoloa (Yu I. et al., 1999).

Ho fumanoe hore eseng feela hyperglycemia, empa le hyperinsulinemia e kenella mekhoeng ea ho eketsa khatello ea oxidative ho lefu la tsoekere. (Balabolkin M.I., 2000). Ho pakoa hore hyperglycemia e sa foleng ka ho eketseha ha tekanyo ea autooxidation ea tsoekere e eketsa sebopeho sa li-radicals tsa mahala, ho eketseha ha mekhoa ea glycosylation, ho lebisa ho thehoeng ha liprotheine tse nang le oksijene e ngata, le ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea polyolose ea metabolism ea glucose e kenya letsoho ho fokotseng mabenkele a NADPH +.Hyperinsulinemia e kenya tšebetsong tsamaiso ea methapo e nang le kutloelo-bohloko le ho thehoa ha methapo ea mahala e bakoang ke catecholamines, le ka ho eketseha ha boemo ba mafura a sa lomosoang a bakoang ke catecholamines ho eketsa sebopeho sa li-radicals tsa mahala le ho fokotsa boemo ba glutathione (e 'ngoe ea li-antioxidants tsa metsi tse qhibilihang ka ho fetisisa) (Balabolkin MI, 2000 Klebano )

Li-radicals tsa mahala, ho sa tsotelehe mochini le mohloli oa sebopeho sa tsona, kenya ts'ebetso ea phetisetso Nf - kB, potlakisa apoptosis le ho eketsa sebopeho sa li-lipoprotein tsa oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (Demidova I.A. et al., 2000). Ntlha ea phetisetso Nf - kB e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa - e ikarabella bakeng sa karabelo e mengata, phello e felletseng ea eona ke phetoho ea thrombogenic ea endothelium ea lebota la vascular. Factor Nf-kB e buella ho lokolloa ha tumor necrosis factor a-interleukin-1P, eo le eona e kenelletseng lits'ebetsong tse ngata tse lebisang eseng feela phetoho leboteng la vascular, empa hape le khaello ea ts'ireletso le ts'ebetso ea insulin le ts'ebetso e mpe ea methapo ea pelo (Shestakova M .V., Leq. 1996).

Ka hona, ho lefu la tsoekere mellitus, khatello ea oxidative e tsamaisana le ho eketseha ha li-radicals tsa mahala, tseo, li sebelisanang le lipids, lik'habohaedreite le amino acid, li fetolang liprotheine ho theha lihlahisoa tsa mantlha tsa oxidation le khatello ea kelello ea carbonyl intermediates (carbonyl stress). (Chernov, Yu.N., et al., 1998, Podoprigorova V.G., 2001).

1.2. Likarolo tsa metabolism ea lipid ho lefu la tsoekere mellitus, karolo ea eona ho atherogeneis.

Ka nako e telele, lefu la tsoekere le ne le nkuoa feela e le tlolo ea metabolism ea carbohydrate, 'me ho bolokoa ha khatello e tloaelehileng ea tsoekere maling ho ne ho nkoa e le eona feela sepheo sa insulin (Laakso M., et al., 1998). Leha ho le joalo, hona joale ho hlakile hore lefu lena le tsamaisana le bothata bo rarahaneng ba metabolic eseng feela lik'habohaedreite, empa le lipids le liprotheine, le mathata a mabeli a mantlha a lefu la tsoekere: tšenyo ea atherosselotic likepeng tse kholo le ketoacidosis ke litlamorao tsa mathata a lipid metabolism (Andrade S. E, et al., 1996).

Ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ba nang le taolo e ntle ea litekanyetso tsa glucose, lipid le khatello ea mali li lula li tloaelehile ka nako e telele. Leha ho le joalo, taolo e sa lekaneng ea tsoekere le nts'etsopele ea nephropathy e tsamaisana le dyslipidemia le arterial hypertension. (Doborgginidze JIM., Graziansky N.A., 2001).

Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ke dyslipidemia, e khetholloang ka liphetoho le boleng bo phahameng lipoprotein tsa mali (Kozlov S.G. et al., 2000, Laasko M., 1995).

Matšoao a tloaelehileng le a tloaelehileng a dyslipidemia ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ke a latelang (Steiner G., 1994, Haffner SM, 1999): 1) keketseho ea boemo ba li-triglycerides (TG) le lipilisi tse fokolang haholo tsa li-lipoprotein (VLDL), tseo e leng tsona tse ka sehloohong tse fokotsang TG, 2). boemo ba k'holeseterole ea karoloana ea "anti-atherogenic" - lipidrotein tse phahameng (HDL). Pathogenesis ea boemo bona e rarahane ebile e ka "ts'oaroa" ka mekhoa e mengata, leha e ka lula e lateloa ke hyperinsulinemia ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa insulin le botenya, bo atisang ho fumanoa ho lefu la tsoekere (Howard V. V., 1995).

Ho hanyetsa insulin ho lebisa ho eketseheng ha lipolysis le ho lokolloa ha mafura a mangata a mahala ho tsoa ho tishu ea adipose, eo, e kopantsoeng le tlhahiso ea glucose e eketsehileng, e fanang ka tekanyo e eketsehileng ea substrate bakeng sa synthesis ea TG sebeteng (e tsamaeang tseleng ea glycerophosphate). Ka hona, palo e kholo ea li-lipoprotein tse tlase haholo (VLDL) tse ruileng haholo ho TG li entsoe (Yafasov K.M., Dubyanskaya N.V., 2001, Pierce L. R., et al., 1990, Herman W.H. et al., 1999).

Ntle le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa VLDL, tlolo ea tumellano ea likarolo tsena le eona e bohlokoa, ka lebaka la ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ea exthepatic lipoprotein lipase ho lefu la tsoekere, e leng hydrolyzes TG, chylomyocrons le VLDL, e lebisang ho thehoeng ha mafura a mafura a sebelisoang e le mohloli oa matla bakeng sa mesifa ea mesifa. (Taskinen M.R.1992, Baillie G. M., et al., 1998). Sena sohle se lebisa keketseho ea palo ea li-chemoprotein tse potolohang, li-triglyceride-rich, tse nkoang ka ho khetheha li-atherogenic. Khatello ea cholesterol ea sekhahla ea HDL e fokotseha ka lebaka la phetisetso e eketsehang ea li-cholesterol esters ho tloha HDL ho ea VLDL le chylomyocrons ka phapanyetsano ea triglycerides tlasa ts'usumetso ea protheine e fetisang cholesterol esters (Stein EA, et al., 1998, Kozlov S.G., Lyakishev A .A., 1999, Feher MD, et al., 1995).

Pontšo e 'ngoe ea tlolo ea ponahalo ea mali ea lipid le lipoprotein ke keketseho ea palo ea tse nyane, tse matla tsa LDL phenotype B, tse ileng tsa eketsa atherogenicity (Bakker - Arkema R.G., et al., 1996, Chapman M. J., et al., 1998). Bophahamo ba apoprotein B ke sesupo sa palo ea likaroloana tsa LDL, 'me litaba tsa cholesterol tse likarolong tsa LDL li ka fapana. Lintho tse nyane, tse bobebe tsa LDL li kholo ho feta likaroloana tse kholo tsa LDL (phenotype A), ho latela phetoho ea oxidative le enzymatic glycosylation, e liehisang ho tlosoa hoa plasma (Chapman M.J., et al., 1998).

Ha u etsa lithuto tsa lefu la mafu ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, hypercholesterolemia ka lebaka la keketseho ea cholesterol ea LDL hangata e fumanoa. Ho latela liphuputso tse 'maloa (Harris M.I., 1991, Baillie G.M., et al., 1998, Laasko M., et al., 1998), keketseho ea cholesterol ea plasma e fumanoe ho 54-77% ea bakuli.

E 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa bohlokoahali tse bonts'ang kamano e teng lipakeng tsa kakaretso! bakeng sa lefu la k'holeseterole ea mali le lefu la pelo ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ke Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) (Stamler J., et al., 1999, Kannel W.B., et al., 1999). Liphetho tsa hae li bonts'a hore ha palo ea cholesterol e phahame ho mokuli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere, a ka ba kotsing e kholo ea lefu la pelo. Ho fumanoe hore ka sekhahla se tšoanang sa cholesterol, lefu la bakuli ba nang le lefu la pelo le matla le ne le phahame ka makhetlo a 3-4 ho ba teng ha lefu la tsoekere ho feta ho ba sieo ha lona. Taba ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore lefu la tsoekere le kenya letsoho haholo kotsing ea ho bolaoa ke lefu la pelo le ho ekelletsa ho hypercholesterolemia.

Hammoho le bongata, ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, liphetoho tse etsahalang lipoprotein lia khetholoha, tse ka lebisang ho atherogenicity ea bona (Feingold K.R., et al., 1992, Haffner, et al., 1994). Phetoho sebopeho sa lipoprotein, tse nkoang e le sesosa sa kholo ea kholo ea lefu la tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere e ka ba teng ka lebaka la glycosylation ea nonenzymatic ea li-apolipoprotein tsa bona (Gurtis L.K., Witztum J.L., 1995). Glycosylation ka kotloloho e ipapisitse le boemo ba tsoekere maling le ho etsahala ho tloha qaleho ea lefu la tsoekere. Apolipoproteins, e leng karolo ea lihlopha tsa mantlha tsa lipoprotein, e ka feta tlasa liphetoho tsa sebopeho, tse lebisang phetohong ea metabolism ea tsona, haholoholo, keketseho ea nako ea ho potoloha ha VLDL (Witztum JL, et al., 1992) le LDL (Mamo JKL, et al., 1990) . Leha ho le joalo, sa bohlokoahali ke ho fokotseha hoa bokhoni ba glycosylated LDL ho nts'oa mali le li-receptor tsa bona. Sena se lebisa ho tloseng ha karolo ea bohlokoa ea LDL ka tsela e sa amohelang: LDL e fetotsoeng e ts'oaroa kapele le ka bonolo ke li-macrophages ka sebopeho sa lisele tsa foam, e leng ntlha ea bohlokoa ho pathogenesis ea atherossteosis (Steinbrecher U.P. et al., 1993). Ho na le bopaki ba keketseho ea pokello ea liplatelese ha e pepesitsoe ho glycosylated LDL (Bowie A, et al., 1993, Wolff S.P., Dean R.T., 1997).

Phetoho e 'ngoe ea boleng ba lipoprotein ho lefu la tsoekere e ka hlaha ka lebaka la peroxidation, e leng karolo ea lipids tsa bona. Liphatlalatso tse ngata li ile tsa hlahisa litabatabelo tsa pelekatori tsa ho eketsa lipid peroxidation ho lefu la tsoekere mellitus (Dedov II, et al., 2000, Kiahara M., et al., 1980, Hick M., et al., 1998).

Ho kenella ha lipoprotein tse fetotsoeng leboteng la methapo ka thuso ea li-receptor tse loketseng, hammoho le li-receptor tsa scavenger, ho lebisa ho bokelleng ho sa feleng ha ho kenella methapong ea methapo, ho lateloe ke ho theoa hoa mefuta ea boits'ireletso ba mmele e nang le Ig G, P - lipoprotein le tlatsetso. Ho ke ho hlokomeloe hore li-macrophages tsa mofuta o joalo li hloa ka mafolofolo ho feta lipoprotein tsa mehleng ea khale (Serov V.V., 1998).Ntle le moo, macrophages a hlohlelletsa polelo ea li-endleukin endotheliocytes ho li-membrane; a kenya tšebetsong T-lymphocyte, eo ka eona e nolofalletsang polelo ea limolek'hule tsa khokahano ea li-E-khethain, li-interellular le tsa cellular (ICAM-1, VACM-1), ntho e susumetsang ea macrophage, interleukin-8, endothelin - 1, e tlatsetsa tlolong ea thepa e khomarelang, tumello ea lebota la methapo le sclerosis ea eona (Saltykov BB, 2001). Ho hlahisoa ha macrophage ea tumor necrosis factor ho eketseha, ho matlafatsang lits'ebetso tsa lipid peroxidation ka sebopeho sa maqhubu a pakeng tsa oksijene, ho phahamisa tsela e itšetlehileng ka arginine bakeng sa ho theha nitric oxide, mme e thibela macrophages ho hlahisa li-antigen ho lisele tsa T (Nagornev V.A. et al., 1999). Ka nako e ts'oanang, secretion ea lipoprotein lipase e hatelloa, phetisetso ea lipoprotein e eketseha ka ho bokellana ha bona ka leboteng la methapo. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPH) ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong e senyang LDL. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea eona, sebopeho sa nitric oxide (N0) sea senyeha, boemo ba polelo ea mofuta oa NOS-3 bo fokotsehile, 'me ts'ebetso ea endothelial synthetase le eona e thibelitsoe haholo (Zotova I.V. et al., 2002; Balumbeva T.V. et al., 2002) .

Hypercholesterolemia le eona e na le tšusumetso e matla ho atherogenesis, e thusa ho nts'etsopele ea dysfunction ea endothelial ka lebaka la sekhahla sa sekhahla sa endothelial synthetase ka ho eketsa polelo ea genolin gene - (Kazuhino S. et al., 1997).

Ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ho eketseha ha ts'ebetso ea liplatelete ka bongata, ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ea antiplatelet ea leboteng la vascular, ho lebisang ponahalong ea liplatelete ka mpeng ea methapo le methapo e bobebe ea methapo. Ntle le moo, liplatelese tse lokollang liplatelete tsa cellulin, e leng mitogen, 'me e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea methapo ea methapo ka ho tsosa kholo ea lisele tse boreleli tsa mesifa le ho falla ha tsona ho tloha karolong e bohareng ea methapo ho ea endothelium, le lisele tse boreleli tsa mesifa ke mohloli oa mofuta oa "methapo" ea methapo ea methapo (Balabolkin M.). I. et al., 2000). Ntle le moo, lefu la tsoekere la microangiopathy vasa vasorum le fumanoe (Saltykov D.D., 2002), le lona le baka mathata a potoloha, liphetoho tsa methapo e meholo ea methapo e meholo, e baka hypoxia, e khothaletsa ho eketseha ha methapo ea methapo, ho kenella ha plasma ka tšenyo marakong a methapo ea mali le nts'etsopele ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo.

1.3 Mathata le tebello ea pharmacotherapy ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.

Pharmacotherapy ea lefu la tsoekere mellitus ke mosebetsi o rarahaneng oa kliniki, ho o rarolla moo ho hlokahalang ho ela hloko likarolo tsa nts'etsopele ea ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo.

WHO e phatlalalitse lefu la tsoekere e le seoa har'a mafu a sa phekoleheng, joalo ka lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10-15 palo ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere habeli (Dedov I.I., 2000). Mathata a amanang le lefu la tsoekere a lula e le bothata bo ka sehloohong ba lefu la tsoekere, ho ata ha angiopathy ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ke 90-97%. Diabetesic retinopathy le neuropathy, hammoho le visceral le peripheral polyneuropathy, ke tsona sesosa se ka sehloohong sa ho holofala le ho shoa hoa bakuli (Bobyreva JI. E, et al., 2000).

Atherosclerosis ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere mellitus e tšoauoa ka nts'etsopele ea pele le ho hasana, e re lumellang ho bua ka lefu la tsoekere e le mohlala oa tlhaho oa atherosulinosis (Kovaleva P.V., 2002).

Tsoelo-pele ea lefu la tsoekere e khethoa ke nako ea ho hlaha ha angiopathy le ho teba ha bona. Ho tšoaroa ke lefu la tsoekere ke sesosa sa lefu ho bakuli ba sa feteng 1-2%, ha khafetsa maqhubu a ho bolaoa ke mathata a methapo a fihla 65-80% (Fadeeva NI, 2001).

Lefu la tsoekere le lefu la pelo le lona le kopantsoe. Ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba fetang 60%, tebello ea bophelo e lekanyelitsoe ke lefu la pelo le potlakileng (Karpov, Yu.A., 2002).

Ho ba teng ha lefu la tsoekere ho eketsa sekhahla sa lefu la tšohanyetso ho banna ka 50% le ho basali ka 300% (IDE, 2000). Ho bohlokoa hore tsoelo-pele ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le ba se nang lefu la methapo ea methapo ea methapo e batla e tšoana le ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la methapo ea methapo ntle le lefu la tsoekere.E tataisoa ke lintlha tsena, Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Lipelo o ile oa khetholla lefu la tsoekere e le mafu a tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo (Karpov, Yu.A., 2002).

Lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa kotsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele le kholo ea li-angiopathies tsa lefu la tsoekere ke hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension le dyslipidemia (Shestakova M.V., 2002). Kahoo, keketseho ea hemoglobin e tsoang glycated ho tloha ho 6% ho isa ho 10% e lebisa keketseho ea khafetsa ea infyo ea myocardial ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la 2 ka makhetlo a 2,5 (UKPDS, 2000). Keketseho ea k'holeseterole e akaretsang ea serum ho tloha mmol / L makhetlo a 2,5 e eketsa lefu la bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ho tsoa ho mathata a pelo le methapo (MRFIT, 2000).

Leha ho bile le khatelo-pele lefapheng la lefu la tsoekere la mehleng ea kajeno, liphetho tsa nako e telele tsa kalafo ea bakuli li lula li sa khotsofatse. Ha lilemong tsa morao tjena, linaheng tse ngata, lefu la mafu a tsoang ho mafu a pelo le theohile hoo e ka bang habeli (Aronov D.M., 2001), joale linaheng tsena mafu a tsoang ho mafu a pelo le pelo ha a so fetohe sehlopheng sa bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, empa ho basali esita le ho eketseha (Shestakova M.V., 2000, Gu K. et al., 1999, DCST, UKPDS, 2000).

Ho fihla joale, lipotso tse ngata li lula li sa rarolloe mabapi le khalemelo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere.

Ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha phello ea hypoglycemic ho ts'ebetso ho fetoha bothata bo rarahaneng, bo ntseng bo rarolloa ka thuso ea lijo tse nang le khalori e tlase, boikoetliso ba 'mele, lithethefatsi tse theolelang tsoekere ka molomo (li-sulfonylurea derivatives le guanine-greatuanides) le insulin. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na mekhoa ea ho lokisa hyperglycemia e nang le molemo o moholo ho ba bang: ka ts'ebeliso ea bona e nepahetseng, ts'oaetso ea myocardial infarction ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mellitus e fokotsehile haholo ka 16% (UPDAS, 1998). Hajoale, lithethefatsi tsa sulfanilamide ke tsona motheo oa pheko e fokotsang tsoekere. Thahasello ea sehlopha sena sa likhokahano e hlalositsoe ke taba ea hore ke bona feela sehlopha sa lintho tsa hypoglycemic tse nang le li-receptor tsa bona ho membrane ea plasma (lisele tse 3 (Ashcroft FM et al., 1998) Mokhoa oa bona oa ts'ebetso o lemohuoa ka thibelo ea liteishene tsa potasiamo tse potang ATP. e lebisa ho depolarization ea membrane ea plasma, ho buloa ha liteishene tsa khalsiamo tse itšetlehileng ka motlakase le keketseho ea khoholeho ea "calcium" e kenang ka bongata, eo ka ho tlamahana le kholiseho, e hlahisang insulin exocytosis (Aschcroft FM, 1996, Kramer W. et al., 19 99) Leha ho na le mefuta e mengata ea litlhare tse teng tsa sulfanilamide, khetho ea lithethefatsi ea ho fokotsa hyperglycemia hangata e fokola haholo ka lebaka la monyetla o moholo oa ntlafatso ea litla-morao tse ngata. Ha ho etsoa sulfanilamides, phokotso e sebetsang ea hyperglycemia e shejoa feela ho 70-75% ea bakuli, le maemong a meriana. Litlamorao tsa komello e etsahalang khafetsa le e mpe haholo ke hypoglycemia le hypoglycemic coma (Coop LC, 1998, Holman RR, Turner RC, 1999). Ka 35% ea bakuli ba tšoaroang ke sulfonamides, sekhahla sa sekhahla sa sulfanilamide se hlaha selemo se seng le se seng.

Tšusumetso e sa feleng ea li-pancreatic P - lisele li ka lebisa ho fokotseng ha tsona le ho haella ha insulin, hammoho le secretion e eketsehang ka li-proinsulin tsa semature le lisele tsa splitproinsulin, tse eketsang kotsi ea atherogenesis (Alexandrov A. A., 2001, Ahkubo Y. et al., 1995, Turner RC, 1999). Ntle le moo, ho ile ha senoloa phello e mpe ea litokisetso tsa sulfonylurea ho tsoelopele ea pelo le bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Sehlopheng sa bakuli ba fumanang tolbutamide, lefu la myocardial infarction e ne e le 50%, ha ba le sehlopheng sa placebo 18% (Engler R., 1996). Litlamorao tse mpe tsa sulfonamides tseleng le tsoelo-pele ea lefu la pelo ea kokoana-hloko ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ke ka lebaka la bokhoni ba bona ba ho thibela methapo ea potasiamo e itšetlehileng ka ATP ka har'a myocardium, mesifa e boreleli le ea marapo, le li-neuron tse ling (Aschcroft F.M., 1999).Ho lumeloa hore liteishene tsa Kahf lia hlokahala bakeng sa ho hokahanya methapo ea methapo ea methapo le ho chechisa karolo ea plasma, le ho hlokomela litlamorao tsa li-hormone tse itseng le lintho tse sebetsang le ho laola molumo oa methapo.

Nicols C.G., 1991, Aschcrofit F.M., Reiman F., 2000). Ts'ebetso ea liteishene tsa potasiamo e na le phello ea pelo ho myocardial ischemia (Escande D., et al., 1992). Liphetoho tsa sulfonylureas li supa litlamorao, ka hona, li ka ba kotsi ka ho kopana ha lefu la pelo le ischemic lefu la tsoekere. Litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa sulfa le tsona e ka ba mathata kapa a ho lematsa (ho hlohlona ha letlalo, urticaria, edema ea Quincke, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypochromic anemia), hangata le matšoao a dyspeptic (ho nyekeloa hoa pelo, bohloko sebakeng sa epigastric. Ka linako tse ling ho na le tlolo ea sebete ka mokhoa oa jaundice ka lebaka la cholestasis (Gorbenko NI, 1999).

Sehlopha sa bobeli sa li-agents tsa hypoglycemic tsa molomo ke li-biguanides, tse fokotsang hyperglycemia ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ka ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea sebete le lisele tsa pherekano ho insulin ntle le ho ama sephiri sa li-hormone (Dunn C.D., Peters D.H., 1995, Perriello G., 1995). Biguanides e nkuoa e le lithethefatsi tsa khetho ea pele kalafo ea bakuli ba batenya ba nang le mofuta le / kapa lefu la tsoekere le boteng ba dyslipidemia qalong ea bongaka ba monotherapy kapa hammoho le lithethefatsi tsa sulfonamide (Balabolkin M.I. et al., 2001, Dunn C.D., 1995).

Litla-morao tsa "greatuanides" li hlahisoa ho lactic acidosis, karabelo ea letlalo le ho kula, matšoao a letsopa (ho nyekeloa, ho se sebetse hantle ka mpeng le ho ts'oaroa ke lets'ollo), ho ata ha "lefu la tsoekere" polyneuropathy (ka lebaka la phokotso ea ho monya vithamine B12 ka mpeng e nyane) (Chernov, Yu.M. et al. ., 1999).

Ka tloaelo e sebelisitsoeng ho lefu la tsoekere mellitus, kalafo ea insulin le eona e na le litaba tse 'maloa tse sa rarolloang. Ho phekoloa ka matla ka insulin ho ka fokotsa haholo menyetla ea ho ba le mathata a lefu la tsoekere, leha ho le joalo, nako e telele ea insulin e lebisa ho hyperlipidemia, e eketsa kotsi ea atherossteosis ka makhetlo a 'maloa (E. Krasilnikova et al., 1996). Ts'ebeliso ea insulin e tsamaisana le nts'etsopele ea mathata a sa amang boleng ba bophelo ba bakuli feela ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, empa hape a baka maemo a behang bophelo ba mokuli kotsing. Tsena li kenyelletsa: hypoglycemia, posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia (ketsahalo ea Somogy), maemo a kulang, ho hanyetsa insulin, insulin lipodystrophies, insulin edema, ho senyeha ha pono (Balabolkin MI, 2000). Tlokotsi ea kalafo ea insulin hape ke tsela ea tsamaiso ea batsoali, eo, ntle le tšitiso ho mokuli, e amanang le litheko tsa litokisetso tsa insulin: insulin, e tsamaisoang ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, e kenella tsamaisong ea methapo ea kutlo e potlakileng ho feta ka kotloloho ho sebete ka methapong ea portal, joalo ka maemong a mmele. )

Kahoo, litlamorao tse sa khotsofatseng tsa tšebeliso ea lingaka tse tloaelehileng tsa hypoglycemic, le likotsi tse ngata tsa litla-morao, keketseho e potlakileng ea palo ea mathata a methapo le sephetho se bolaeang esita le nakong ea kalafo, li laela tlhokahalo ea ho theha mekhoa e mecha, e seng kotsi le e sebetsang ea tokiso ea pharmacological ea mathata a metabolic ho lefu la tsoekere mellitus (Campbell RK, 1999).

Boithuto ba morao-rao bo bontsitse (Perova N.V. et al., 2001, Heinemann L. et al., 1997, Hoffman A., 1999) tlhokomelo e matla ea lintlha tsa kotsi, e lokisa ka ho hlaka mathata a metabolic ho lefu la tsoekere mme e ntlafatsa haholo tlhaelo-pele ea lefu lena bophelo ho bakuli ba joalo.

E le karolo ea lefu la metabolic, bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere hangata ba na le dyslipidemia, khatello ea methapo ea methapo le botenya, e leng mabaka a ikemetseng a mafu a pelo le a hlokang ho lokisoa ka tlamo.

Ho atile haholo lefatšeng har'a mekhoa e reretsoeng ho lokisa dyslipidemia ho lefu la tsoekere la mafu a tsoekere ke li-statins kapa li-inhibitors tsa 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A-reductase. Lithethefatsi tsena li thibela motsoako oa enzyme e potlakisang sebopeho sa k'holeseterole ka har'a sebete (Shestakova M.V., 1999).Ts'ebetso ea bongaka ba "statins" e netefalitsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng lithutong tse 'maloa tse kholo tsa multicenter (Mellies M.J., 1993). E 'ngoe ea lithuto tsena, 4s, e ne e inehetse thutong ea ho pholoha ha bakuli ba nang le lefu la methapo ea methapo nakong ea kalafo le Zocor. Phuputso eo e nkile lilemo tse fetang lilemo, e ama bakuli ba 4444 ba nang le hypercholesterolemia le lefu la pelo, ba nang le lefu la tsoekere mellitus (Pyorala K. et al., 1997). Kamora libeke tse ngata tsa kalafo le Zocor ka tekanyetso ea 20 mg / letsatsi ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ho fokotseha ha cholesterol e felletseng ea mali ka 28%, cholesterol ea HDL ka 37%, TG ka 18% le keketseho ea cholesterol ea HDL ka 8% e tlalehiloeng. Boemong bona, phello e ile ea tsoela pele ka lilemo tse ngata tsa kalafo.

Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea li-statins e thibela ts'ebetso ea e 'ngoe ea li-enzymes Qi0 tsa antioxidant ho sebete, e leng se eketsang kotsi ea lits'ebetso tsa LPO tse kholo (V. Lankin, 2000). Ntle le moo, har'a bakuli ba nkileng lithuto, ho ne ho se na batho ba nang le boemo bo phahameng ba "triglycerides", ka lebaka leo, liphetho tsa bona li ke ke tsa fetisetsoa ho bakuli bohle ba nang le lefu la methapo ea mokokotlo.

Tabeng ena, li-fibrate, tse susumetsang ka mafolofolo boemo ba triglycerides, li ka sebetsa e le lithethefatsi tsa khetho. Kameho ea li-fibrate ho lipids tsa mali e tsamaisana le ho fokotseha ha letsoalo la LDL, 'me, ka lebaka leo, ho fokotseha ha khatello ea khatello ea matla a manyane a LDL (Kozlov S.G. et al., 1999). Ho bontšoa hore ka tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea hemofibrozil, sekhahla sa lefu la bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere le tsoang ho lefu la pelo le fokotseha ka 22%. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso e atileng ea lithethefatsi tsa sehlopha sena e fokotsoa ke litlatsetso tse fapaneng le litla-morao, ho kenyelletsa cholelithiasis, keketseho ea cholesterol, keketseho ea ts'ebetso ea transaminase, ho nyekeloa, myalgia, hypoplasia ea masapo, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nts'etsopele ea likatse.

Asiti ea Nicotinic e na le phello e ts'oanang le ea li-fiber tsa lipid profid tsa lipid. Ho na le bopaki ba polokeho e lekanyelitsoeng ea ho kopana ha nicotinic acid e nang le simvastatin ho bakuli ba nang le cholesterol e tlase ea HDL le phello e molemo ea motsoako ona tseleng ea coronary atherossteosis (Gustafsson I. et al., 2000). Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso ea eona ea nako e telele e ke ke ea khothaletsoa ka lebaka la monyetla oa taolo ea glycemic e ntseng e mpefala, ho mpefatsa ho hanyetsa ha insulin le ho baka ts'ebetso e fetelletseng ea tsamaiso ea kinin (Mikhaylyuk IB, 1998, Perova N.V. et al., 2001, Heinemann L. et al. 1997, Hoffman A., 1999).

Taolo ea khatello ea mali ke mosebetsi o mong oa bohlokoa ho phekoleng bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Keketseho ea khatello ea methapo ea kutlo e bonts'ang lipakeng tsa bakuli ba nang le mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere e fihla ho 70% (Karpov Yu.A., 2001).

Kalafo ea antianginal ka kotloloho bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere e emeloa ke: (3 - blockers, Ca antagonists and nitrate. lithutong tsa Coteborg le MIAMI, kalafo e nang le P - blockers a lefu la tsoekere la mellitus e lebisitse ho fokotseha hoa lefu ho feta likhoeli tse 3 ka 49-59%. lefu la tsoekere ke hore mathata a metabolism ka lebaka la ischemia a kotsi haholo ka lebaka la ho fetohela ho oxidation ea mafura a mangata myocardium, e leng e 'ngoe ea matšoao a lefu la metabolic, e isang khatellong ea glycol a, lactate kukusanya le ionic ho leka-lekana (American Diabetes Association, 1993). Phuputso ea TRIMPOL-1 e bonts'itse hore tlatsetso ea trimetazidine (preductal), setlhare se nang le methapo ea ts'ebetso ea monotherapy ka moriana oa antianginal, se ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kalafo mme se na le phello e ntle ea mamello ea mojaro le matšoao a lefu lena ho 50% ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere mellitus.Ho eketsa ho eketsa nako ea liteko ka ho ikoetlisa le ho ntlafatsa bophelo, trimedazidine e fokotsa litaba tsa von Willeb factor randa (letšoao la tšenyo ea endothelial) maling a mali.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho lebisitsoe tlhokomelo e kholo ntlafatsong ea sehlopha se secha sa lithethefatsi tsa antidiabetic - thiazolidinedione derivatives (troglitazone, rosiglitazone) (Saltiel A.R. et al., 1996). Lithethefatsi tse sehlopheng sena li tlama - the subtype ea activated peroxisomal proliferator receptor (PPARy), e bakang ntlafatso kutloisong ea insulin le ho fokotseha hoa khanyetsano ea li-hormone (Lebovitz N.E.et al., 2000). Boithuto ba boithuto le ba bongaka bo bonts'itse hore thiazolidinediones e ka potlakisa ts'ebeliso ea tsoekere ka lithane tse poteletseng ka ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea glycogen synthetase le inhibit gluconeogeneis ka har'a sebete, e lebisang ho fokotseha ha insulin. Ntle le moo, nakong ea kalafo le thiazolidinediones, ho fokotseha ha khatello ea khatello ea mali (triglyceride) le khatello ea mali, hammoho le ho khutlisetsoa hoa ts'ebetso ea atherosulinotic (Sjostrom L. et al., 1998) ho hlokometsoe. Leha ho le joalo, keketseho e atileng ea lithethefatsi tsa sehlopha sena e fokotsoa ke kotsi e kholo ea ts'enyo ea sebete le nts'etsopele ea balloon dystrophy le hepatocellular sebete necrosis ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere mellitus (Yasuki I., 2000, Riskin F. et al., 2000), hammoho le bokhoni ba ho fokotsa palo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali le hemoglobin ka lebaka leo. khatello ea kelello e sebetsang (Lebovitz N.E. et al., 2000).

Ka pharmacotherapy ea lefu la tsoekere mellitus, bakeng sa ho fokotsa mathata a metabolic, ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse thibelang lits'ebetso tsa glycosylation e loketse. A glycosylation inhibitor e ikhethileng ke aminoguanidine (pimagedin), mochini oa ketso oo ho ka sebetsanoang le lihlahisoa tsa Amadori le sebopeho sa likhomphutha tse sa sebetseng ka har'a molek'hule ea protheine (Edelstein D. et al, 1992, Zimmerman G.A. et al., 1995).

Ho sitisoa ha glycosylation ea non-enzymatic ea liprotheine le oxidation ea li-lipoprotein tse fokolang tsa methapo e ka khona ho sebelisoa potteryum Channel blocker AL 0671 (Yamauchi Takeshi et al., 1996, Engerman RL le Kern TS, 1996, Yasanari Kenichi et al., 1998, Sjostrom L. et al., 1998).

Bakeng sa ho khutlisetsa microcirculation le ho etsa hore ho be le tloaelo e atileng ea ho nts'etsopele ea methapo ea methapo ea kutlo, e fumanoang e fokotseha hoo e batlang e le bakuli bohle ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, lefu la "prostaglandins" (acetylsalicylic acid, jj.) Le thromboxane synthesis inhibitor -ibustrin e sebelisoa (Shestakova M.V. , 2000).

Litebello tse kholo tse teng hajoale tokisetsong ea angiopathy ho lefu la tsoekere e behiloe ts'ebelisong ea li-inhibitors tsa ACE. Litokisetso tsa sehlopha sena li ama hantle tsela ea methapo ea methapo ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ho khutlisetsa molumo o nepahetseng oa lefu la pelo, ho thibela nts'etsopele le tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere, 'me ho fokotsa tsoelo-pele ea retinopathy ea pele (Rayaz A.S., 2000). Ho nka ramipril ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ho fokotsa kotsi ea lefu la myocardial ka 22%, kotsi ea "cerebrovascular" ka 33%, le monyetla oa ho bolaoa ke lefu la pelo ke 37% (Chugunova JI.A. et al., 1999, Fuhlendorff J. et al, 2000 , Viraly ML, 2000).

Kahoo, ha re hlahloba tse ka holimo re ka fihlela qeto ea hore menyetla ea litla-morao tsa lefu la tsoekere e phahame ka lebaka la ho hlaka ha lefu lena la lefu lena, ho ba teng ha litho tse ngata tsa methapo, ho kenya letsoho litokelong le litekanyetso tsa biotransformation tsa ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo. Ho leka ho susumetsa khokahano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea li-pathogenesis, ka bongaka, ka bomalimabe, e huleloa ho polypharmacy. Mabapi le sena, ho ka pheha khang ea hore kalafong ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ho hlokahala hore ho ntšetsopele mokhoa oa ho lekola maemo a methapo ea methapo ea methapo, ho lekola matšoao a karabelo ea peroxide le sistimi ea antioxidant, e tla lumella khetho e le 'ngoe le taolo ea kalafo mme e tla thusa ho fihlela sepheo sa mantlha sa kalafo - ho eketsa nako le boleng ba bophelo ba bakuli.

1.4. Khopolo ea ho sebelisa li-antioxidants ho kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere.

Ho diabetesology, boiphihlelo bo fumanoe ka ts'ebeliso ea palo e kholo ea li-antioxidants. Ha e le hantle, ho khethoa ha kalafo ea antioxidant bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere ho ka ba le lipheo tse peli: ho thibela (ho liehisa) nts'etsopele ea lefu lena, ho thibela (ho theola tlase) nts'etsopele ea mathata a lona.

Liteko tsa tleleniki tsa nicotinamide ho bakuli ba mofuta oa pele ke li entsoe ho tloha bohareng ba bo-80.Ho ile ha bontšoa hore tšebeliso ea litekanyetso tse kholo tsa lithethefatsi (makhetlo a leshome ho feta a mmele) e thibela ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ea lisele tsa P - joalo ka ha ho ka ahloloa ka boemo ba basal le bo susumetsang C-peptide (Gorelysheva V.A. et al., 1996, Kolb N. et al., 1999, Pozzilli et al., 1999). Ho latela bangoli ba 'maloa (Bondar I.A. et al., 2001, Hoorens A. et al., 1999, Kolb N. et al., 1999, Nerup J., 2000), kalafo ea nicotinamide e lebisa keketseho e kholo ea khafetsa ea phallo ea tleliniki. mafu a nang le tlhoko e fokotsehileng ea "insulin" ea insulin (Visalli N., et al., 1999, Greenbaum C.J., 1996) a - Tocopherol ke "radical scavenger" ea mahala le antioxidant ea mantlha ea li-membrane: e ngoe ea limolek'hule tsa eona li sireletsa limolek'hule tse ka bang 10,000 tse se nang mafura. acid. Tšusumetso ea ts'ireletso ea - tocopherol (15 mg / kg ka letsatsi) ts'ebetsong ea lisele tsa P e haufi le ea nicotinamide (25 mg / kg ka letsatsi) (Pozzilli P. et al., 1997). Ho liteko tsa vitro le tsa liphoofolo, ho ile ha fumaneha hore - - tocopherol e fokotsa khatello ea kelello ea endothelial e bakoang ke hyperglycemia, e thibela ts'ebetso e ngata ea limolek'hule tsa khomphutha mme e ntlafatsa sebopeho sa endothelial restitution factor (nitric oxide - NO) (Frei B., 1999, Cowa D. et al., 1997, Bursell SE et al., 1999, Emmert DM et al., 1999).

Phuputso ea CHAOS e fumane hore phekolo ea vithamine E ka tekanyetso kapa ME / letsatsi e lebisa ho fokotseha (ka 66%) tekong ea infarction ea myocardial e senang mafura ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la pelo le netefalitsoeng ke "atherosranceosis", empa ha e tsamaisane le ho fokotseha hoa lefu ka kakaretso ho tsoa lisosa tsa pelo (Stephens NG et. al., 1996).

Ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea potoloho ea livithamini E le C e khonahala feela ka palo e lekaneng ea lipoic acid 'meleng. (Balabolkin M.I. et al., 2000). Ho feta moo, ho bontšoa hore kamora tšebelisano ea insulin le receptor ea eona bakeng sa phetiso ea litlamorao tsa tlhaho le insulin, boteng ba lipoic acid boa hlokahala. Lipoic acid e hlahisoa e le cofactor mefuteng e mengata ea li-enzyme tse ngata, e "hloekisa" bokahohle ea li-radicals tsa mahala, hape e thusa ho khutlisetsa li-antioxidants tse ling 'meleng. E na le phello e sirelletsang 'me e thibela ts'enyo ea DNA ka li-radicals tsa mahala: e thibela ts'ebetso ea phetisetso ea ntlha ea Nf-kB e bakoang ke khatello ea oxidative, ke chelator ea tšepe - Co, Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, As, Fe, Mg mme e sebetsa joalo ka complexon (Bababolkin M. And et al.,

2000, Perova N.V. et al., 2001, Okovitiy S.M. et al., 2002, Halliwell, W., 2000).

Lintlha li fumanoe mabapi le katleho ea selenium ho thibela nephropathy ho likhoto tse nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 le hlahisitsoeng ke streptozotocin. Phello ea hypoglycemic ea selenium e ile ea boleloa haholoanyane ha e sebelisoa hammoho le vithamine E. Selenium e fokotsehile kapa e tloaetse ho eketseha ha khatello ea arachidonic acid lipelong tsa likhoto tse nang le lefu la tsoekere, mme e fokolitse ho teba le ho teba ha liphetoho tsa morphological (Christelec D. et al., 1999).

Zelinsky B.A. et al. ka 1994, ho ile ha bontšoa hore ho kenyelletsoa ha unitiol ho kalafo e rarahaneng ea bakuli ba nang le inhalation e le 'ngoe ea oksijene le tocopherol ho bile le phello e ntle ho metabolism ea phospholipid ka bobeli serum ea mali le lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, ho thusa ho tsitsisa membrane ea sele le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona. Le kenyelletso ea ho babatsa hammoho le li-antiplatelet agents ho bakuli ba nang le mathata a lefu la tsoekere, ho latela liphetho tsa II. Dedova (1998) et al. E kenye letsoho ho tsitsitseng ha ts'ebetso maemong a fetang halofo ea phehisano e hlahlojoang ea bakuli. Phenolic antioxidants ionol le probucol li bonts'itse bokhoni ba ho fetola liphetoho tse hlabisang lihlong tse bonoang ho lefu la tsoekere la alloxan (Bobyreva L.E., 1997, Tikhase A.K. et al., 1999).

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bafuputsi le baoki ba eketsehile thahasello sehlopheng sa li-antioxidants tse qhibilihang ka metsing, tse kenyelletsang lintlha tse tsoang ho 3-hydroxypyridine, e ka sebetsang liketsong tse 'maloa tsa pathogenesis ea lefu la tsoekere. Lithuto tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsa le lithuto tse entsoeng ke A.A. Nelaeva le E.A. Kashuba o bontšitse hore ts'ebeliso ea emoxipin ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le "angiopathy" e na le antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing effect, ha e ntse e fokotsa haholo khatello ea methapo ea methapo ho bakuli.Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore lintlha tse tsoang ho 3-hydroxypyridine li ka ba le ts'ebetso ea antidiabetes. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa ena e ithutoe hampe haholo ho fihlela joale. Re khothalelitse lithethefatsi tsena hore li na le litlamorao ho likhokahano tsa pathogenetic tsa lefu la tsoekere le mathata a lona, ​​ho latela data e fumanehang mabapi le litlamorao tsa pharmacological ho mehlala ea maemo a mang a pathological.

1. Litlamorao tsa tse tsoang ho 3-hydroxypyridine ho lipid peroxidation le boemo ba membrane ea lisele.

Mexicoididol (3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-ethyl pyridine succine) ke inhibitor e matla ea lits'ebetso tsa LPO, e thusa ho sebelisa li-radicals tsa mahala, e kenya ts'ebetso ea superoxide dismutase, e lokisa likarolo tsa likarolo tsa polar lipid (phosphatidylserine le phosphatidylinositis). , e fokotsa pono ea membrane, e eketsa phallo ea eona (Lukyanova L.D., 1999, 2000). Ka lebaka la liphetoho mesebetsing ea li-membrane, mexidol e lebisa ho liphetoho tse kopanetsoeng ho li-macromolecule tsa liprotheine, li-synapses, e leng lona lebaka la phetoho ea mexidol ts'ebetsong ea li-enzyme tse kopantsoeng le liprotheine tsa ion le li-receptor, li ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ea ligand-binding, li eketsa tšebetso ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo. D. et al., 1993, A. K. Sariev et al., 2001). Ho ba teng ha mexidol ka phello e fetolang boemo ba li-synapses le liteishene ho fana ka maikutlo a monyetla oa phetoho ea lithethefatsi ho li-insulin tsa li-insulin cell le bokhoni ba ho hlahisa litlamorao tsa insulin.

2. Matla a antihypoxic a tsoang ho 3-hydroxypyridine.

Karolo ea bokahohle ea hypoxia ho pathogenesis ea ts'ebetso efe kapa efe e ea tsejoa.

Ntlha ena e teng le ho pathogenesis ea lefu la tsoekere mellitus. Emoxipin o na le ts'ebetso e matla ea antioxidant le e leka-lekaneng ea antihypoxic (Lukyanova L.D. et al., 1993), Mexicoidol ke antihypoxant e matla (Lukyanchuk V.D. et al., 1998, Lukyanova L.D. et al., 1999). Tšusumetso ea "mexidol" e bonahala maemong a 'mele ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea hypoxia. Ntle le moo, e na le bokhoni ba ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea ATP liseleng tlas'a maemo a khaello ea oksijene, hape le ho fokotsa lits'ebetso tsa phosphorylation ea oxidative, i.e. E na le phello e matlafatsang e tobileng (Devyatkina T.O. et al., 2000, Lukyanova L.D., 2002). Tšusumetso ea antihypoxic ea emoxipin bakeng sa ischemia ha e amane feela le thepa ea eona ea antioxidant, empa ho fapana le ts'ebetso ea maikutlo a phetoho, e netefatsang ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea sehlopha se potlakileng sa potoloho ea tricarboxylic acid (Okovity S.V. et al., 2001). Phello e phatlalalitsoeng ea antihypoxic ea Mexicoidol, e thehiloeng ho ts'ebetso ea phepelo ea matla ea lisele, e re lumella ho e nka e le adaptogen e sebetsang ka potlako mahlomoleng, ho pepeseha mabaka a feteletseng (Grechko A.T. et al., 1998, Smirnov L.D., 1998, Yasnetsov V.V. et al. ., 1999).

3. Litlamorao tsa tse tsoang ho 3-hydroxypyridine sebopeho sa lipid sa serum ea mali le thupelo ea IHD.

Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ke liteko tsa boithuto le tsa bongaka, Mexicoidol e bonts'itse phello e boletsoeng e fokotsang lipid joalo ka tlhahlobo ea mohlala oa khatello ea maikutlo (Inchina V.I. et al., 1996, 2000, Zorkina A.V., 1997, 1999.), ka mohlala oa dyslipidemia ho le mebutlanyana (Keleinikov S.B., et al., 2000). Motsoako o ikhethileng oa ts'ebetso ea hypolipidemic le antihypoxic o senotse ts'ebetso e phahameng ea mexidol ho lefu la pelo le ischemic e sa foleng. Emoxipin o bonts'itse phello ea pelo ho infarction ea myocardial joalo ka ha ho etsoa liteko (Svetlikova I.V., 1994, Pashina I.V., 1995, Gatsura V.V. et al., 1996, Svetlikova I.V., Sernov L.N., 1996), le tleliniking. E loketseng liphellong tsa emoxipin le mexidol ke ho se be teng, ho fapana le beta-blockers le calcium blockers, ea ketso ea pelo. Emoxipin o fokotse palo ea liketsahalo tsa arrhythmias, tekanyo ea ho nyekeloa ke pelo, mme a liehisa ho theha necrosis ho bakuli ba nang le infarction e mpe ea myocardial (Lazebnik LB et al., 1994, Repin AN et al, 1994).Sebopeho sa molomo sa mexidol mexicor ka tekanyetso ea 0,3 g ka letsatsi se fokotse LPO, cholesterol e felletseng, cholesterol ea LDL, apo-B le keketseho ea cholesterol ea HDL ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la methapo ea methapo (Mikhin V.P., 1998, 2002, Sernov L.N. et al. , 1998, Guranova N.I., 1998), e ntlafalitse ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea antianginal le ho fokotsa ho se sebetse ha diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricular myocardium (Pichugin V.V., Sernov L.N., 1998, Mikhin V.P. et al., 2002) Tsamaiso ea methapo ea litaba ea Mexicoidol ho lethalinyana la mg / letsatsi ka libeke le ile la eketsa ts'ebetso ea endoshene AOS ho bakuli ba tsofetseng (Mironov N.V. et al., 2002, Eremin P.A. et al., 2002, Katikova O.V. et al., 2002).

4. Litlamorao tsa anticoagulant, antiplatelet le antithrombogenic tse tsoang ho 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives.

Ts'ebetsong ea litlamorao tsa ts'ireletso ea 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives, thepa ea bona ea antithrombogenic e bohlokoa. Mexidol le lintho tse ling tse tsoang ho 3-hydroxypyridine inhibit pleletation aggregation, sireletsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ho tsoa haemolysis, thibela oxidative moditing ea tishu thromboplastin, eketsa matla a antithrombogenic a lerako la vascular ho liteko tsa atherosulinosis (Popov S.B., 1992, Spasov A.A. et al., 1997, 1999, Spasov A.A. et al., 1997, 1999, Spasov A.A. et al. Nazipova D.A. et al., 1999, Vintin N.A., 1999, Bruttseva N.A., 2000, Gavrilova L.V., 2001).

Motsoako oa litla-morao tse kang hypolipidemic, antithrombogenic, antiaggregant, antihypoxic e ka ba motheo oa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea katleho ea lithethefatsi bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere. Mofuta oa litlamorao tsena, ho kenyelletsa le nootropic, o boetse o ikarabella bakeng sa ts'ebetso e phahameng ea tsoekere ea 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives (Mironov M.V. et al., 2001).

5. Matla a ho thibela mafu le ho fokola ka matla a amanang le metso ea 3-hydroxypyridine a hlahisoa ke mekhoa e mengata: ho feto-fetoha ha likamano tsa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa macrophages le lymphocyte (Dorovskikh V.A. et al., 1999), keketseho ea litaba tsa phosphoinositides tse nang le phello ea anti-inflammatory ho lisele tsa spleen (Bazanov). et al., 1997, Demidova M.A., Popov D.A., 1999), phetolo ea ts'ebetso ea cytochemical le phagocytic ea granulocytes (Dubovskaya T.N., 1997).

Ho nka karolo ea phepo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, ho kenyelletsa ho thehoa ha li-autoantibodies ho lisele tsa pancreatic beta ho lefu la tsoekere mellitus, phello ea immunomodulatory ea 3-hydroxypyridine e ka kenngoa ts'ebetsong ea khalemelo ea insulin.

6. ts'ebetsong ea phello ea motsoako o bohloko oa Mexico. Karolo ea bohlokoa e bapaloa ke phello ea eona ea hepatoprotein.

Lintho tsa Hepatoprotective tsa mexidol li ile tsa fumanoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea tšenyo ea sebete e nang le chefo. Ha e otloa ka tetrachloromethane, mexidol e ile ea fokotsa sebaka sa necrosis ea sebete ho mebutlanyana (Keleinikova T.T., 1997) Ka joala, mexidol e ile ea fokotsa tekanyo ea tšenyo ea hepatocytes le ho eketsa litaba tsa acidic acid ho tsona (Voron T.A et al., 1997) Tlas'a ketso ea "hepatotropic carcinogen dinitrosamine", lithethefatsi li thibetse pherekano le P-450, ka ho etsa joalo ba fana ka tšusumetso (Dumaev K.M. et al., 1995).

7. Nephroprotective phello e tsoang ho 3-hydroxypyridine.

Nakong ea khatello ea matla a thibelo ea bokhoni ba ho se sebetse hantle, Mexicoidol e fokotse tekanyo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo, ea fokotsa botebo ba mathata a ho potoloha, thrombosis ka likepeng tsa menoana, ea eketsa lebelo la ho hlohlona ha glomerular le ts'ebetso ea liphiri tse ipatileng.

Shirshikova O.V., 1997). Setlhare sena se bile le phello e amanang le likotsi tsa makala (Korolkova E.E., 2000). Mesebetsing ea Yu.I. Mashkov (2001), phello ea nephroprotective ea Mexicoid e ile ea senoloa ka ho tahoa ho matla le ho ts'oaroa ke chefo e kotsi ka carbon tetrachloride. Sengoli se boetse se senotse phello ea ts'ireletso ea lithethefatsi ho lefu la tsoekere la alloxan ho litoeba, ha mexidol, ho fapana le dimephosphone le alpha-tocopherol, a lokisa keketseho ea boemo ba triglycerides liphihlelong.

Ka hona, ho akaretsa litlamorao tse senotsoeng tsa litlamorao tsa 3-hydroxypyridine, ka lebaka la phapang e fapaneng ea litheko tsa bona tsa meriana, monyetla oa ho lokisa likarolo tsohle tsa mantlha tsa pathogenetic tsa lefu la tsoekere ke ts'ebetso ea LPO, membrane-sireletso, tšireletso ea Cardio, hepato-, nephro-, angioprotective athari, le tokiso ea hypercoagulemia , ho ka nkuoa katleho e kholo ea lithethefatsi bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere. 'Me kaha ho fanoa ka phello e boletsoeng ea lithethefatsi tsa sehlopha sena, litlamorao tsa eona tsa ts'ireletso li kanna tsa kopana le lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere la setho sa boteng.

Sesebelisoa se tšepisang bakeng sa khalemelo ea mathata a metabolic ho lefu la tsoekere ke dimephosphon. Mesebetsing ea Khafizyanova R.Kh et al., (1993, 1994) ho ile ha bontšoa hore dimephosphon e khothaletsa ntlafatso ea ATP nakong ea ischemia, e tsosa tšebetso ea li-enzyme tsa antioxidant. Lithethefatsi li nyolla metabolism. Lipophilicity e lumella dimephosphon ho kenella ka mpeng ea lipid ea membrane e ka ntle ea sele le ho bonts'a phello ea ho emisa (Kinyabulatov A.I., 1996, Malyshev V.G., 1996). Lintlha tsa liteko li fumanoe mabapi le ts'ebetso ea antistress ea lithethefatsi tlasa khatello ea maikutlo ea nako e telele ea ho thibela pelehi (Zorkina A.V., 1994, 1997, Kudashkin S.S., 1996). Ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea dimephosphone tlasa litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa lefu la tsoekere le hypercholesterolemia, phello ea eona ea antioxidant, keketseho ea ketsahalo ea glutathione peroxidase pelong, bokong le sebete li bohlokoa (Geraskina MA, 1997). Boithuto ba boithuto bo bonts'a phello ea pelo le lithethefatsi. Dimephosphon le metsoako ea eona e nang le dilzem le anatrilin li bontša phello ea anti-ischemic ka ho ikoetlisa ho feteletseng le ho fokotsa boima ba myocardial (N. Tyuryakhina, 2000). Melemo e mengata ea litlamorao tsa lithethefatsi e fana ka motheo oa ho bolela katleho ea lithethefatsi ho lefu la tsoekere.

Kahoo, tlhahlobo ea data e phatlalalitsoeng e bonts'a monyetla oa phello e ntle ea lithethefatsi tse nang le ts'oaetso ea antioxidant tseleng ea lefu la tsoekere le ikemetseng le ho kopanngoa ha lona le hypercholesterolemia ea tsoekere.

Khaolo ea 2. Lisebelisoa le mekhoa ea lipatlisiso

Ho latela lipheo le sepheo, phello ea mexidol ho litekanyetso le mg / kg, emoxipin ka tekanyetso ea 12,5 mg / kg, dimephosphone ka lethal dose ea mg / kg le - tocopherol ka lethal dose ea mg / kg ho lipontšo tse ling tsa carbohydrate, lipid, protheine. metabolism, boemo ba sistimi ea lipid peroxidation le tšireletso ea antioxidant maling a mali le litho tsa ka hare tsa liphoofolo tse lekang tlas'a litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa lefu la tsoekere la mellitus le hypercholesterolemia ea ka ntle.

Boithuto ba liteko bo ile ba etsoa ho likhoto tse tšoeu tse se nang mela tsa bong ka bobeli tse boima ba ± 20 g. Liphoofolo li ile tsa aroloa ka lihlopha:

I. Liphoofolo tse mahlahahlaha, tseo nakong ea liteko kaofela li neng li bolokiloe lijong tsa vivarium-10.

II. Liphoofolo tse ileng tsa kenngoa ka lebaka la ho emisoa hoa k'holeseterole ka nako ea matsatsi ka karolelano ea boima ba 'mele ka phoofolo, eo pele e neng e qhibilihile ho 0.5 ml ea oli ea meroho. Bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa khatello ea peroxide, vithamine D e ile ea kenyelletsoa ho emulsion ka tekanyetso ea ED ka kilo e le 'ngoe - 8.

III. Liphoofolo tse amohelang oli ka ho fapana ka 0.5 di ml ka oli ea meroho - 8.

IV. Liphoofolo tse nang le liteko tsa hyperglycemia - 12. Ho etsa mofuta oa mofuta oa liteko tsa lefu la tsoekere, liphoofolo li kile tsa beoa alloxan ka hloko ka tekanyetso ea mg / kg. E le ho etsa lefu la tsoekere le phethahetseng le le tsitsitseng, likhoto li ne li bolokoa lijong tse tloaelehileng tsa matsatsi.

V.Sehlopha sa taolo se ne se e-na le liphoofolo tse nang le lefu la tsoekere le liteko tsa tsoekere hammoho le hypercholesterolemia ea mehleng - 10.

VI. Liphoofolo tse nang le lefu la tsoekere la liteko tsa lefu la tsoekere tlas'a maemo a hypercholesterolemia ea nako e ts'oanang, ka nako e ts'oanang le mojaro oa k'holeseterole, li fumana mexidol ea letsatsi le letsatsi ka tekanyetso ea mg ka kilo ea boima ba 'mele oa liphoofolo - 8.

VII. Liphoofolo tse nang le liteko tsa hyperglycemia tlasa maemo a hypercholesterolemia ea ka ntle, ea neng a amohela mexidol ea letsatsi le letsatsi ka tekanyetso ea mg ka kil mg ka boima ba 'mele - 8.

Viii. Liphoofolo tse nang le lefu la tsoekere tse lekang hammoho le hypercholesterolemia, li fuoa emoxypine letsatsi le letsatsi ka tsela e ikhethileng ka tekanyo ea 12,5 mg ka kilo ea boima ba 'mele oa liphoofolo - tse 8 ka letsatsi.

IX. Liphoofolo tse nang le motsoako oa lefu la tsoekere le liteko tsa lefu la tsoekere le hypercholesterolemia, tse neng li kenngoa ka letsatsi ka letsatsi ka lethal dose ea mg ka kilo - 8.

X. Sehlopha sa liphoofolo se nang le motsoako oa lefu la tsoekere le liteko tsa hypercholesterolemia tseo ka matsatsi a mangata li neng li fumana subcutaneous letsatsi le leng le le leng - tocopherol ka tekanyetso ea mg / kg - 8.

Ho bolaoa ha likhoto tse nang le lefu la tsoekere ho ne ho le 25%. Sehlopheng sa taolo, ba shoang e ne e le 30%. Lihlopheng tse setseng, lefu la liphoofolo ha lea ka la hlaha. Liphoofolo tsa lihlopha tsa II-IV li ile tsa bolaoa ka letsatsi la 15, lihlopha tsa V-X ka letsatsi la 29 ka decapation tlasa anesthesia e nang le ho itima lijo ka nako ea pele ea hora ea 16-18. Pele ho thunngoa tlasa anesthesia e bobebe ea leseli, liphoofolo tsohle li ne li rekota ECG mochining o le mong oa li-electrocardiograph li sebelisa li-elektrone tsa nale ka maemo a mararo a tloaelehileng (I, II, III), li-lead tse tharo tsa unipolar (aVR, aVL, aVF) le lead lead e le 'ngoe (V4).

Qetellong ea liteko, liphoofolo tsohle tse serumeng sa mali li ile tsa lekoa bakeng sa carbohydrate, lipid (cholesterol e felletseng, triglycerides, P - lipoprotein, density lipoprotein cholesterol) le protheine ea metabolism (proteni eohle, albin), mosebetsi oa transaminase (ALT, ACT).

Botebo ba lipid peroxidation bo ile ba ahloloa ke se ka har'a plasma ea liphoofolo tse lekang sehlahisoa sa sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa lipoperoxidation - malondialdehyde (Konyukhova S.G., 1989). Boemo ba sistimi ea antioxidant bo ile ba ahloloa ka ketsahalo e ho plasma ea mali ea enzyme catalase (Korolyuk MA, 1988). Boemo ba lipid peroxidation le mekhoa ea ts'ireletso ea antioxidant liseleng tsa liphoofolo li ile tsa hlahlojoa ke litaba tsa malondialdehyde le ts'ebetso ea catalase ho homogenates ea myocardium, sebete le liphio.

Ts'ebetso ea bioelectric ea Myocardial e ile ea hlahlojoa nakong ea karohano ea PQ, boholo ba phapang ea nako ea QT, hape le phapang ea karohano ea QT, e lokisitsoeng ka sekhahla sa pelo.

2.1. Thepa ea ho ithuta

Lisebelisoa tsa lipatlisiso e ne e le mali le lisele (myocardium, sebete, liphio) tsa likhoto tse tšoeu. Mali a ne a nkuoa ka mor'a ho fifala, a bolokiloe hora e le ngoe ka mocheso oa kamoreng mme a sebelisetsoa ho fumana plasma.

Ho fumana plasma, mali a ne a emisoa ka motsotsoana g bakeng sa motsotsoana oa TsRL-1.

Ho fumana li-homogenates tsa lisele.

Qetellong ea tlhahlobo, liphoofolo li ne li etsoa sehlabelo, mpa ea mpa ea buloa 'me sebete le lipeo tsa tlosoa,' me sefuba sa sefuba sa buloa mme pelo ea tlosoa. Liphio li ne li lokolotsoe ka sephutheloaneng. Likhechana tsa lithane li ne li khaotsoe ka sekhahla, se hlatsoitsoe ka botlalo maling ka tharollo ea sodium chloride e kentsoeng ea 0,9%, e omisitsoeng ka pampiri ea filthara ebe e beoa leqhoeng. Mehlala ea lisele tse lokiselitsoeng thuto e ne e kentsoe seretse sa porcelain. Ho sebelisa pestle ea fatše, homogenization e phethahetseng e ile ea etsoa ka solvent e khethiloeng bakeng sa teko (0,9% sodium chloride solution) ka karolelano ea 1: 9

2.2. Mekhoa ea ho etsa lipatlisiso

Ka serum ea mali, ho ile ha ithutoa ka methapo ea metabolism ea lipid metabolism: cholesterol e felletseng, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol sebelisa litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa Olvex reagent kitsuping tsa FP-901 biochemistry (Finland).Boikemisetso ba mahloriso ba (3 - lipoprotein bo entsoe ka mokhoa oa enzymatic colorimetric ho KFK-3 electrophotocalorimeter.

Ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tsa AlT le ​​AcT e ne e behiloe ho monghali oa Screenitex Screen hammoho le mohlahlami oa othomathike (Switzerland) ka sete ea li-diagnostic tsa diagnostic tsa Hospitex.

Protheine e felletseng e fuputsoe ka karabelo ea biuret, likarolo tsa protheine li ne li khethiloe ke electrophoresis ea k'hamphani ea Switzerland "Hospitex" e nang le densitimita ea khomphutha.

Tlhaloso ea MDA (Konyukhova S.G., 1989).

Ho khetholla MDA ea plasma, motsoako oa polasetiki o nang le 0,2 ml ea thepa ea liteko, 0,5m ea metsi a belisitsoeng le 0,6 ml ea TBA ho glacial acetic acid e belisoa metsotso, 'me ka mor'a ho pholile, eketsa 5 ml ea KOH le ml ea isopropyl joala. Centrifuged ka 6000 rpm. ka hara min Ka centrifugate, re khetholla ho kenella ha optical le nm khahlanong le taolo e nang le metsi sebakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa liteko. Phapang pakeng tsa letsoalo la sefahleho e bile moeli oa litaba tsa MDA. Ha ho etsoa qeto ea litaba tsa MDA ho tishu homogenates, protheine e rarahaneng ea lipid e ile ea fanoa ka trichloroacetic acid.

Ts'ebetso ea Catalase e ne e khethiloe ho plasma ea mali le li-homogenate tsa lisele tsa liphoofolo tse lekang.

Boikemisetso ba ts'ebetso ea catalase (Korolyuk MA, 1988).

Mokhoa oa ho khetholla ts'ebetso ea li-catalase o thehiloe ho liphetoho tsa ho rekota ha methapo ea methapo ka lebaka la tšebelisano ea hydrogen peroxide (Н2 02) ka letsoai la molybdenum.

Ha ho etsoa qeto ea ts'ebetso ea catalase ho 0,5 ml ea mokelikeli oa bioloji o ile oa kenyelletsoa ka 0,03% H202 (sampole e se nang letho e nang le metsi a hlatsoitsoeng). Kamora metsotso, karabelo e ile ea emisoa ka ho eketsa ml ea 4% ammonium molybdate. Botebo ba 'mala bo ntseng bo eketseha bo ile ba lekanngoa ho SF - ka wavelength ea nm khahlano le taolo ea H2 le tlatsetso ea ml ea H2O - ntho ea ho qetela ea dilution.

2.3. Tšoaetso ea sehlopha sa bakuli

Tleliniking, phello ea ts'ireletso ea litlhare tse ithutoang e ile ea ithutoa ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere.

Bakuli ba nang le mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 ba ile ba hlahlojoa motheong oa lefapha la bongaka ba tikoloho la Sepetlele sa 4 sa Saransk. Bakuli ba ne ba le sethaleng sa ho bolaoa ha lefu la tsoekere mme ba fumana kalafo e tloaelehileng, ho kenyelletsa le lithethefatsi tsa molomo tsa hypoglycemic, lithethefatsi tsa metabolic, lithethefatsi tse ntlafatsang microcirculation, lithethefatsi tse antihypertensive. Bakuli bohle ba ne ba emetsoe ke maemo, bong, lilemo le ho teba ha lefu lena, boteng ba methapo ea kelello. Har'a bakuli ba hlahlobiloeng ke 41% ea bakuli ba banna, basali ba 59%, basali ba 4,5% ho tloha ho lilemo, 45.45% lilemong ho tloha ho lilemo, 31,82% lilemong ho tloha ho lilemo, 18.18% lilemong e moholo ho feta lilemo. 22.73%) ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ho fihlela lilemo, 36.36%) ea bakuli ba nang le nako ea mafu ho tloha lilemo ho isa ho lilemo, 31-81%) ba tšoeroe ke lefu la tsoekere ho tloha lilemong ho ea ho lilemo le 9.09%) ho feta lilemo. 45.45%) ea sehlopha sa boithuto se na le lefu la tsoekere le itekanetseng, 54,55% ea bona ba tšoeroe ke lefu la tsoekere le matla. Ho bakuli bohle ba hlahlobiloeng, mafu a kopaneng ka tsela ea IHD, khatello ea methapo ea mali, joalo-joalo a ile a senoloa.

Substrate ea thuto e ne e le mali ohle a bakuli. Mali bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa a nkiloe mothapong oa ulnar ka mpeng e se nang letho.

Mosebetsing, phello ea lithethefatsi lits'ebetsong tsa lipid peroxidation (li-spontaneous and iron-induction), boemo ba sistimi ea antioxidant ho plasma ea mali le erythrocyte, boemo ba glycemia, ketsahalo ea hemoglobin glycation nakong ea ho kenella ha bona tikolohong e nang le mali a bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta o mong le o mong.

Bakeng sa sena, thuto eohle e ne e arotsoe ka tatellano: letoto la 1 e ne e le taolo mme le kenyelletsa li-tubed tse kentsoeng ntle le lithethefatsi, letoto la 2 le ile la kenngoa ka mexidol ka tekanyo ea 0.005 mg ka ml ea mali, lethathamo la 3 le ne le entsoe ka mexidol ka tekanyo ea 0,025 mg / ml ea mali, letoto la bone le ne le entsoe ka emoxipin ka tekanyetso ea 0,0125 mg / ml ea mali, letoto la 5 le ne le entsoe ka dimephosphone ka tekanyo ea 0,050 mg / ml ea mali.

Sehlopha sa papiso se ne se entsoe ka batho ba phetseng hantle (ka Psychology) ba lilemo tse lekanang.

Tlhahlobo ea botebo ba lipid peroxidation e entsoe ka ho bokellana hoa lero la mali le li-erythrocyte tsa bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la sehlahisoa sa lipoperoxidation ea bobeli malondialdehyde nakong ea ho itšireletsa ha lipidonate le lipilisi tse nang le ts'oaetso ea lipid peroxidation ho latela mokhoa oa S. Konyukhova et al. (1989). Ho tseba ts'ebetso ea Fe-induction LPO, ml ea tharollo ea 0,05 M ea sulfate ea tšepe e sebelisitsoe.

Sebaka sa lipid bakeng sa peroxidation ho plasma le erythrocyte ke ne ke ikemiselitse ka lipalo tsa arithmetic ho latela foromo: Fe-MDA - MDA / MDA (Kuzmenko D.I., Laptev B.I., 1999).

Boemo ba sistimi ea antioxidant bo ile ba ahloloa ka ketsahalo e serumeng ea mali le erythrocyte ea bakuli ba enzyme ea mantlha e thibelang hydrogen peroxide, catalase (Korolyuk MA, 1988).

Tsoekere ea mali e ile ea khethoa ke mokhoa oa glucose oxidase o sebelisang tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea Photoglucose reagent kit (Moscow).

Botebo ba hemoglobin glycation bo ile ba ahloloa ke boemo ba glycogemoglobin bohareng ba liteko. Litaba tsa eona li ne li ikemiselitsoe ho sebelisa sete e tloaelehileng ea li-reagents tsa Bio-LA-Test "Pliva-L lla", (Czech Republic) ho tlhahlobisong ea biochemical. Molao-motheo oa mokhoa ke hore mofuta o tsitsitseng oa glycohemoglobin o na le 1-deoxy- (TM - valyl) fructose, e tlotsitsoeng ka phosphoric acid ho etsa mofuta oa mebala ka boholo ba adsorption ho nm. Leha e le mokhoa o boima oa glycogemoglobin kapa fetal hemoglobin ha o kena-kenane le qeto.

Motsoako oa incubation o ile oa hlahlojoa bakeng sa litaba tsa parameter tse ithutoang nakong ea metsotso ea pele le ka mor'a letsatsi la ho kenella ka mocheso oa kamore. Boikemisetso ba khatello ea tsoekere maling serum e ile ea eketsoa ka hora kamora ho qala ho kenella.

Liphetho tsohle tse fumanoeng li ile tsa kenngoa tšebetsong ea lipalo ka har'a komporo ea hau e sebelisang sephutheloana sa kopo ea Excel. Bohlokoa ba ho se tšoane bo ile ba hlahlojoa ke liteko tsa Seithuti.

Mexidol (3 - hydroxy - - methyl - - ethylpyridine e tlatselletsa) - anti-qhibilihang ka metsing - analog ea sebopeho sa likhakanyo tsa sehlopha sa Vitamin B6. Ho latela sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, mexidol ke letsoai la mofuta oa acid.

Litlamorao tsa Pharmacological tsa Mexicoidol N

E phatlalalitse li-antioxidant le thepa ea ts'ireletso ea membrane, e thibela lipid peroxidation, e sebelisana le lipid peroxides. Li-radicals tsa Phenolic le hydroxyl tsa li-peptides le liprotheine (Smirnov J1. D., 1995, 1998, 1999, Lukyanova L. D. et al., 1999).

Mexicoid e eketsa ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tsa antioxidant tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho theha le ho sebelisa lipid peroxides, hammoho le mefuta e sebetsang ea oksijene. E boetse e tsitsisa li-membranes tsa bioloji, e nang le ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea lipid. E eketsa khokahano ea likarolo tsa polar lipid - phosphatidyl serine le phosphatidyl inosine, e theola karolelano ea cholesterol / phospholipids, ka tsela eo e theola pono ea mokoloto oa lipid (Smirnov L.D., 1995, Inchina V.I. et al., 1996, 2000, K. Dumayev, M.M. . et al., 2002)

Sehlopha sa mexidol (3 - hydroxypyridine) se ikamahanya le likarolo tsa tlhaho, se kenella ho tsona, se etsa moralo o hlophisitsoeng le ho sitisa phihlello ea mefuta ea oksijene e setseng ho mafura a acid - likarolo tse ling tsa lipid peroxidation reaction. Mexicoid e boetse e bitsoa cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors, e eketsa litaba tsa cAMP, lowers platelet aggregation, mme e ama metabolism ea matla.

Mexicoidol e ka sebetsa e le moemeli ea itšireletsang ea tšireletso tlas'a ts'ebetso ea lintho tse fapaneng tse senya mme e bonts'a ts'ebetso e eketsehileng e le membrane, radio, foto, hepatoprotector.

E kopanya litlamorao tsa li-tranquilizer le lithethefatsi tsa nootropic li na le phello ea antihypoxic ebile ha e hatake hemodynamics.

Litlamorao tsa lithethefatsi tsa dimephosphone

1,1 - Dimethyl - - oxobutylphosphonic acid dimethyl ether

Litholoana tsa litla-morao tsa dimephosphone li fapane haholo.Lithethefatsi li baka phello ea hypothermic, phello ea lithibela-mafu ha motho a e-na le chefo le li-inhibitors tsa cholineterase, phello ea antacid, e sitisa ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tse ngata, e tsosa tlhahiso ea lihormone tse itseng, 'me e bonts'a tšebetso ea neurotropic (Garaev R.S., 1969, Gataulin I.A., 1980, Latfullin I.A. , 1985, Anichkova L.I. et al., 1991, Khafizyanova R.Kh., 1994).

Lipontšo tse fapa-fapaneng tsa phello ea pharmacotherapeutic ea dimephosphone li fumanoe mme tsa hlahlojoa - li-anti-insulin, pholiso ea maqeba, ho emisa litho, antihistamine le anti-serotonin (Svyatkina O.B., 1987, Blatun L.A. et al., 1991, Ziganshina L.E. et al., 1992).

Lipatlisisong tse 'maloa, ho ile ha ithutoa mekhoa ea tšusumetso ea dimephosphon tšebetsong ea liphutheloana tsa bafani ba phetseng hantle, eo ho nkoang hore ke mohlala oa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo. Ho fumanoe hore lithethefatsi li thibela ho kopana ha liplatelete tse hlahisitsoeng ke ADP le adrenaline.

Mochine o etelletseng pele oa tšebetso ea bongaka ea dimephosphone, o khethollang libaka tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, o kenyelletsa mohanyetsi oa ona ts'ebetsong ea intracellular Ca2 + e le len messengerosa la bobeli. Liphetho tsa ketso ea dimephosphon li tla bonts'oa ke khatello ea mesebetsi ea mahlale tlasa ts'usumetso ea bahanyetsi ba 'mele - phello e phatlalalitsoeng ea H1 receptor le phello e makatsang maemong a ts'ebetso ea receptor ea H2. Modulation ea lithethefatsi e amahanngoa le litšobotsi tsa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa litsamaiso tsa baeletsi ba mahareng.

Litlamorao tsa Pharmacological tsa vithamine E

Karolo ea bohlokoa ho sistimi ea methapo ea methapo ea kutlo e sa lefelloeng liseleng ke ea vithamine E, e nang le thepa e boletsoeng ea antioxidant.

CH3 sn2- (CH2-CH2-CH-CH2) 2- (CH2) 2-CH sn.

Poleloana "Vitamin E" e bolela metsoako ea tlhaho e fumanehang habonolo ea mafura (tocopherols). E sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ho tsena ke alpha-tocopherol. Alpha tocopherol e kenella ka har'a tsamaiso ea lisele mme e tsamaisoe ka kopanelo le chylomicrons. Ho plasma, alpha-tocopherol e fumanoa likarolong tsohle tsa lipoprotein, empa bongata ba eona bo boholo bo amana le moo-B-lipoprotein. Ka lisele, litaba tsa eona tse phahameng li fumanoe mitochondria le endoplasmic reticulum. Mosebetsi oa mantlha oa alpha-tocopherol ke ho tsitsisa sebopeho sa likarolo tsa sebopeho le tšebetso. Alpha-tocopherol acetate ke eona antioxidant ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea mofuta oa phenolic, e sebetsa joalo ka mokena-lipakeng oa lipid peroxidation, e fana ka sebopeho sa ho se sebetse, se sa khone ho ts'ehetsa liphetoho tsa ketane tsa lipid peroxidation, radicals (Erin A.N. et al., 1998).

Mechine ena ea theknoloji e tsitsitse, hobane elektrone ea oksijene ea oksijene e maemong a C-6 e ka fetisetsoa moheleng o monko o monate, ka tsela eo o eketsa botsitso ba ona.

Hona joale ho tsejoa hore alpha-tocopherol e ts'oara mokoloto oa lipid oa li-menbranes tsa tlhaho ka bonyane methapo ea methapo, e sirelletsang khahlanong le: a) lipid peroxidation, b) litlamorao tse senyehang tsa singlet oksijene, c) ts'enyeho ea phospholipid e bakoang ke phospholipase A2, d) ho tsitsa. boemo ba mmele (microviscosity) ea lipid bilayer. Ntle le ts'ebetso ea "li-quenchers" tsa li-radicals tsa mahala le li-stabilizer tsa membrane ea lisele, vithamine E e kenya ts'ebetso ea li-enzymatic antioxidant system, e eketsa ts'ebetso ea glutathione peroxidase (Vasilieva O.V. et al., 2000).

Khaolo ea 3. Liphello tsa mexidol, emoxipin, dimephosphone le α-tocopherol ho lipontšo tse ling tsa metabolic le tšebetso tsa likhoto tse tšoeu tse nang le litlamorao tsa alloxan le exo native hypercholesterolemia.

3.1. Litlamorao tsa mexidol, emoxipin, dimephosphone le - tocopherol mabapi le metabolism ea carbohydrate ho litoeba tse tšoeu tse nang le liteko tsa lefu la tsoekere la lefu la lefu la sethoathoa khahlanong le semelo sa hypercholesterolemia.

Ho ithuta phello ea lefu la tsoekere la alloxan tlasa maemo a hypercholesterolemia maemong a metabolism ea carbohydrate, phetoho e matla lithutong tse ithutoang tsa mali a potileng a liphoofolo tse lekiloeng li bontšitsoe.

Tsamaiso ho likhoto tsa alloxan ka lethal dose ea mg / kg e kentse kholo e matla sekhahla sa tsoekere ea mali (ho tloha ho 5.42 ± 0.10 mmol / L ho isa ho 9.85 ± 0.43 mmol / L, P 0.05 6.25 ± 0, 20 P 0.05 Pi 0.05 P2> 0.05 P2 0.05

Ho% ea palo ea pele ea 135.20 87.50 124.79 192.71 121.21 110.43 114.09 119.51 114.42

% Ea taolo 100.0 62.71 57.09 58.99 61.82 59.19

HDL cholesterol, 2.24 ± 1.80 + 2.48 ± 0.15 0.79 ± 0.04 0.59 ± 0.06 1.60 ± 0.05 1.85 ± 0.04 1.63 ± 0.03 1.46 ± 0.05 1.48 ± 0.07 mmol / L 0.08 0.05 P> 0.05 P 0.05 10.50 ± 0.67 P 0.05 Pi 0.05 Pi 0.05 8.67 ± 0.67 P 0.05 0.47 ± 0.02 P> 0.05 1.47 ± 0.02 P 0.05 0.65 ± 0.03 P emoxipine 12.5 mg / kg> mexidol mg / kg> a- tocopherol mg / kg> dimephosphon mg / kg. Boemo ba - cholesterol nakong ea tsamaiso ea mexidol ka tekanyetso ea mg / kg e eketsehile ho tloha ho 0.59 ± 0.06 mmol / L ho 1,85 ± 0.04 mmol / L, i.e. makhetlo a mangata ho feta tekanyetso ea taolo. Ho emoxipin le mexidol mg / kg, ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea pharmacological e ile ea senoloa hape tekong: boemo ba cholesterol ea HDL lihlopheng tsena bo eketsehile ho fihla ho 1.63 63 0.03 mmol / L le 1.6 ± 0.05 mmol / L mme ba feta taolo ka 178 , 63% le 173.50%, ka ho latellana.

Kenyelletso ea - tocopherol le dimephosphone li kentse keketseho e kholo maemong a cholesterol e phahameng ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo ho 1.48 ± 0.07 le 1.46 ± 0.05 mmol / L.

Kahoo, ha re akaretsa matla a matšoao a ithutoang a metabolism ea lipid, ho ka boleloa hore phello ea alloxan ho liphoofolo tse lekang e thusa ho nts'etsopele ea mafu a boletsoeng ka molomo oa metabolism, a tsamaeang le keketseho e matla ea boemo ba (3-lipoprotein le triglycerides, ka 80.0% le 193.60%, tse fetang mona Matšoao a hlakileng a khahlano le semelo sa ho fokotseha ha cholesterol ea HDL ka 64.69% ea sephetho. Liphetoho tsena li ile tsa tšoauoa ka hore ke lefu la tsoekere. E bile ea mpefatsa pherekano e bileng teng, e bakang keketseho ea karolo ea atherogenic ea lipoprotein le triglycerides, e fetang lipontšo tsa lefu la tsoekere la alloxan ka lebaka le fetang.

3.3. Litokiso tsa mahlale tsa protheine e felletseng le albin ho likhoto tse tšoeu ka ho pepesetsoa mojaro oa alloxan le cholesterol.

Lefu la tsoekere ke lefu la endocrine le tsamaeang le tlolo ea mefuta eohle ea metabolism, ho kenyeletsa le protheine. Sena se bonahala haholo ka ho fokola ha synthetiki ea tšebeliso le tšebeliso e kholo joalo ka mohloli oa matla. Ho tlola motsoako le ho phatloha ho hoholo ha protheine ho hlakile hore ke sesosa sa ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tsa protheine tse potlakisang ho phatloha ha hae (Lapteva NN, 1989), hammoho le sephetho sa ts'ebetso ea lipid peroxidation, e qalang tšenyo ea likarolo tsa membrane tsa hepatocytes tse amehang ho kenyelletsong ea tsona (Matyushkin B.N. , Loginov A.S., 1996). Thibelo ea motsoako oa liprotheine ho tsoa ho li-amino acid ke ntho e ka sehloohong bakeng sa ho thehoa ha lik'habohaedreite ho tsona. Kahoo, mathata a metabolic ho lefu la tsoekere mellitus a tšoauoa ka ho fokotseha ha motsoako oa liprotheine le "catabolism" ea protheine e potlakileng, e hlahisang tekanyo e fosahetseng ea naetrojene.

Khahlano le nalane ea ts'ebetso ea alloxan, ts'ebetso ea metabolic ea ts'ebetso ea metabolic le ts'ebetso e fokolang ea maiketsetso ea sebete ho liphoofolo tse lekang e iponahalitse ka liphetoho tse kholo molemong oa mali oa serum oa liphoofolo tse lekiloeng tsa protheine le albin eohle. Ka letsatsi la 14 kamora ts'ebetso ea taolo ea alloxan, ho ile ha hlokomeloa ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha litaba tsa protheine le albin ka botlalo (Lethathamo 3.3.1). Kahoo, tekanyo ea protheine e felletseng e fokotsehile haholo ho tloha boemong ba liphoofolo tse sa tsitsang tsa 61.85 ± 1.85 g / l ho ea ho 42.46 ± 0.96 g / l, P 0.05 95.11 46.33 ± 0.67 P> 0 05 95.30

Meroho 60,58 ± 0.88 97.94 47.33 ± 1.33 97.36 oli P> 0.05 P> 0.05

Alloxan 42.46 ± 0.96 59.54 36.83 ± 1.17 75.76 mg / kg P 0.05). Ho hlahisoa ha a-tocopherol ho kentse letsoho kholisong e kholo ea boemo ba protheine e felletseng ho 57.17 ± 1.83 g / l, e neng e le 23,81% e phahame ho feta litekanyetso tsa taolo 46.17 ± 1.17 g / l mme ha ea ka ea fihla ho 7.59% litekanyetso tse tlase. Mexidol ka tekanyo ea mg / kg le - tocopherol li ne li ka bapisoa ho latela sephetho sa tsona. Letotong lena, keketseho ea boemo ba liprotheine tse ngata e boletsoe ke 22.38% le 23,81%, ka ho latellana. Dimephosphon o ne a bonahala a le tlase ho lithethefatsi tse ling tse ithutoang ho latela botebo ba phello ea tokiso, empa keketseho ea liprotheine kaofela e ne e ts'epahala hape e le 19.13% ea boemo ba taolo.

Ho latela ts'ebetso ea lithethefatsi mabapi le khalemelo ea litaba tsa albin, litlhare tse ithutoang li ka hlophisoa ka tsela e latelang: mexidol mg / kg> mexidol mg / kg> emoxipine 12.5 mg / kg.

Khahlano le nalane ea ts'ebetso ea mexidol ka tekanyo ea mg / kg, boemo ba albin bo eketsehile haholo ho tloha ho boleng ba 32.96 ± 1.55 g / l ho 46,52 ± 0.87 g / l, bo feta ka 41.11%, empa ha ea ka ea fihlela liphoofolo tse tsitsitseng ka 4,3%.

Litokiso tsa pharmacological tsa mathata a metabolism ea protheine ho likhoto tse tšoeu tlasa litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa alloxan le hypercholesterolemia M ± m

Series Total protein, g / l In% ho etsa qeto ea% ho laola Albumin, g / l Ho% ho hlahisa B% ho laola

Morero 61.85 ± 1.85 48.62 ± 1.72

Alloxan + cholesterol 46.17 ± 1.17 P 0.05 91.35 122.38 46.52 ± 0.87 P> 0.05 Pi 0.05 Pi 0.05 Pi 0.05 P2 0.05 P2 0 05 P, 0.05 92.41 123.81 30.40 ± 1.47 P 0.05 P2 0.05 P> 0.05

Alloxan 1.61 ± 0.05 + 97.55 1.45 ± 0.08 + 79.75

135 mg / kg P emoxipin. A-tocopherol le dimephosphone li bonts'itse phello e tšoanang le ea pharmacological: boemo ba ALT letotong lena e ne e le 1.10 ± 0.11 mmol / L le 1.10 ± 0.06 mmol / L, e neng e le 37,54% le 37.37% ho tsoa taolong ho latela. Liperesente tsa ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ea ACT lihlopheng tsena, tse baloang le data ea taolo, e ne e le 26.94% le 22.70%, ka ho latellana.

Sehlopheng sa liphoofolo tse amohelang emoxipin, ho fokotseha ha boemo ba Alt ka 57.17% le AcT ka 20.84% ​​ho tlalehiloe ho bapisoa le taolo, i.e. phello e fokolang ea pharmacological.

Litlamorao tsa mexidol, dimephosphone, emoxipin le - tocopherol ts'ebetsong ea li-transaminases ka har'a serum ea mali ea likhoto tse tšoeu ha li pepesetsoa alloxan le hypercholesterolemia M ± m

AlT letoto, mmol / L Ho% ho tlisa sephetho ho% ho laola AcT, mmol / L Ka% ho etsa B% ho laola

E amehang 0.82 ± 0.06 0.81 ± 0.06

Alloxan + cholesterol 2.93 + P 0.05 Pi 0.05 132.20 36.96 1.10 ± 0.07 P 0.05 135.94 71.71

Alloxan + cholesterol + mexidol 25 mg / kg 0.97 ± 0.06 P> 0.05 Pi 0.05 149.1 79.16

Alloxan + cholesterol + dimephos-phon mg / kg 1,09 ± 0,06 Р 0,05 133,50 37,37 1,18 ± 0,04 Р 0,05 145,66 77,30

Alloxan + cholesterol + a-tocopherol mg / kg 1.10 ± 0.11 P 0.05 134.80 37.54 1.12 ± 0.08 P 0.05 138.42 73.06

Tlhokomeliso: P - bohlokoa ba liphapang tse balohiloeng ho latela boemo ba tšebetso, Pi - ho ea boemong ba taolo (alloxan + cholesterol), P2 - ho ya data ea alloxan + cholesterol + mexidol group mg / kg

Setšoantšo sa 3.4.1 litlamorao tsa li-antioxidants tse ling tšebetsong ea li-transaminases ka har'a seramu ea mali ea likhoto tse tšoeu tlasa litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa alloxan le exo native hypercholesterolemia (% ea taolo)

1 - liphoofolo tse sa tsitsang, - boemo ba taolo (lefu la tsoekere mellitus + hypercholesterolemia), - lefu la tsoekere + le lefu la moea + mexidol mg / kg, - lefu la tsoekere la moea + hypercholesterolemia + mexidol mg / kg, - lefu la tsoekere la alloxan + hypercholesterolemia, / emgipin 12 kg - lefu la tsoekere la alloxan + hypercholesterolemia + dimephosphone mg / kg, - lefu la tsoekere la alloxan + hypercholesterolemia + a-tocopherol mg / kg, * - bohlokoa ba phapang bo ne bo baloe ho latela data ea taolo.

Kahoo, ho latela se boletsoeng esale pele hore tsamaiso ea alloxan ho liphoofolo tse lekang le phello ea ho ts'oara k'holeseterole e baka nts'etsopele ea cytolytic syndrome, joalo ka ha ho pakoa ke keketseho e kholo ea ts'ebetso ea li-transaminase tsa alanine le tsa aspartic lihlopheng tsena. Ho kopana ha lintlha tsena ho mpefatsa litaba le ho feta. Mexidol e lokisoa ka nepo haholo ke mathata a hlahang, a kenya letsoho ho tsosoloseng mosebetsi oa ALT ho litekanyetso tse haufi le tse haufi. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso ea ACT e lula e phahame ka serum ea mali esita le nakong ea kalafo, eo mohlomong e bonts'ang kholo ea liphetoho tse sa fetoheng 'meleng oa liphoofolo tse lekang.

5.5. Litlamorao tsa mexidol, emoxipin, dimephosphone le - tocopherol mabapi le ts'ebetso ea motlakase oa myocardium ho liteko tsa lefu la tsoekere mellitus tlasa maemo a hypercholesterolemia ea tsoekere.

Sesosa se ka sehloohong sa ho holofala ho phahameng le ho shoa hoa bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ke mafu a pelo le pelo (ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho otloa ke pelo, ho senyeha ha mahlo ka pelo) (Shestakova M.V., 2002). Karolo e ka sehloohong ho nts'etsopele ea mathata a methapo a lefu la tsoekere ke "khatello ea" oxidative "le" glycosylation "e seng enzymatic autooxidative (Balabolkin M.I. et al., 1999). Mechine ena e senya eseng feela methapong ea mali, empa le myocardium, kaha li-radicals tsa mahala, liprotheine tse nang le oksijene li na le monyetla o mongata o senyang litho tsa methapo ea pelo le lisele tsa tsamaiso ea pelo le methapo, li hlohlelletsang apoptosis, li tlatsetsa ho sitiseng mosebetsi oa bioelectric oa myocardium (Karpov Yu. 2002). Ka hona, thuto ea menyetla ea ho lokisa likotsi tsa ts'ebetso ea myocardial e sebelisang li-antioxidants ke ea bohlokoa haholo.Mosebetsing ona, re fuputse phello ea mexidol, emoxipin, dimephosphone ho parameter e meng ea electrophysiological ea myocardium tlasa liphetho tse kopaneng tsa lefu la tsoekere le hypercholesterolemia.

Joalokaha liphetho tsa lithuto tsa rona (Tafole ea 3.5.1) e bonts'itse, tsamaiso ea cholesterol umthwalo ho liphoofolo tse lekang e thusitse keketseho e kholo ea lebelo la pelo (HR) ho tloha 397.06 ± 15.46 ho isa ho 513.0 ± 37.77 ka motsotso, e leng 29.20 % e feta tekanyo e tlase. Sehlopheng sa alloxan, ha ho liphetoho tse kholo molemong oa pelo li etsahetseng. Motsoako oa tsoekere ea liteko tsa lefu la tsoekere le hypercholesterolemia ea bohlola li tšoaile tloaelo ea ho eketsa lebelo la pelo ho 418.40 ± 16.10 ka motsotso, leha ho le joalo, liphetho tsena li ne li sa tšepahale. Ha re bapisa liphetho tse fumanoeng lihlopheng tsa khalemelo le matšoao a taolo, re fumane hore: ka mokhoa o nepahetseng e lokisa sekhahla sa pelo, e khutlisetsa ho boleng bo tsitsitseng, mexidol lethalong la mg / kg (ho theoha ha sekhahla sa pelo ho tloha ho 418.40 ± 16.10 ka motsotso ho taolo ho isa ho 387.80 ± 14.84 ka motsotsoana), emoxipin ka tekanyetso ea 12,5 mg / kg (ho fihlela ho 376.95 ± 23.32 ka motsotso) le - tocopherol (ho fihla ho 391.5 ± 27.7 ka motsotso).

Mosebetsing, re boetse re bone hore na nako ea PQ e tla lekola hore na maemo a teng joang. Ho ile ha bontšoa hore sebopeho sa lefu la tsoekere ho lefu la liphoofolo tse etsang liteko se kentse letsoho ho eketseheng ha nako ea PQ ho tloha 50.0 ± 2.86 ms ho ea ho 61.25 ± 2.19 ms, P 0.05 0.51 ± 0.03 P> 0, 05

Alloxan mg / kg 381.36 ± 22.30 P> 0.05 61.25 ± 2.19 P 0.05

Alloxan + cholesterol 418.40 ± 16.10 P> 0.05 63.30 ± 3.18 P 0.05 P, 0.05 Pi> 0.05 P2> 0.05 8.57 ± 0.45 P> 0.05 P, 0.05 0.50 ± 0.02 P> 0.05 P, 0.05

Alloxan + cholesterol + mexidol 25mg / kg 427.78 ± 18.20 P 0.05 51.67 ± 2.78 P 0.05 P, 0.05 Pi 0.05 P,> 0.05 P2> 0.05 8.33 ± 0.56 P> 0.05 P, 0.05 0.52 ± 0.04 P> 0.05 Pi 0.05

Alloxan + cholesterol + dimephosphon mg / kg 405.97 ± 22.60 P> 0.05 P,> 0.05 P2 0.05 Pi> 0.05 P2> 0.05 8.75 ± 0.43 P> 0 .05 Pi 0.05 0.60 ± 0.05 P> 0.05 Pi 0.05

Alloxan + cholesterol + a - tocopherol ZOMg / kg 391.56 ± 27.70 P> 0.05 Pi 0.05 P2 0.05 0.67 ± 0.05 P> 0.05 Pi 0.05

Tlhokomeliso: P - bohlokoa ba liphapang tse baloang ho latela boemo bo tsitsitseng, Pi - ho laola data,

P2 - ho ya data ea letoto la li-alloxan + cholesterol + mexidol mg / kg

Tšusumetso ea mexidol, emoxipin, dimephosphone le - tocopherol mabapi le ho se tsitse ha motlakase hoa myocardium tlasa phello e kopaneng ea lefu la tsoekere le lefu la kelello (ho% ea taolo)

1 - intact, - alloxan + cholesterol, - alloxan + cholesterol + mexidol mg / kg, - alloxan + cholesterol + mexidol mg / kg, - alloxan + cholesterol + emoxipine 12,5 mg / kg, - alloxan + cholesterol + dimefosfon mg / kg kg, 7- alloxan + cholesterol + a- tocopherol mg / kg, * - bohlokoa ba phapang bo baloa ho ipapisitsoe le boemo ba taolo.

Kameho ea li-antioxidants tse ithutoang nakong ea nako ea PQ le motsoako oa lefu la tsoekere le liteko tsa tsoekere le hypercholesterolemia (ho% ea taolo)

1 - intact, - taolo (alloxan + cholesterol), - alloxan + cholesterol + mexidol mg / kg, -alloxane + cholesterol + mexidol mg / kg, - alloxan + cholesterol + emoxipine 12,5 mg / kg, - alloxan + cholesterol + dimephosphon mg / kg, - alloxan + cholesterol + a-tocopherol mg / kg, * - bohlokoa ba phapano bo baloa ho ipapisitsoe le boemo ba taolo.

Kahoo, sephetho sa boithuto ba rona se bonts'a hore ts'oaetso ea methapo e kenyelletsang ts'ebetsong ea liphatlalatso tse boletsoeng kahar'a tšebetso ea motlakase: ts'ebetso ea AV e senyehileng, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe keketseho ea nako ea PQ (ka 26.60%), ho hloka botsitso ha motlakase, motheo oa eona e le keketseho ea nako ea phallo ea nako ea QT ka 238 , 52%. Mexidol ka tekanyo ea mg / kg e ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea tšusumetso ea motlakase ho atria (ho khutsufatsa ha nako ea PQ ka 18,37% ea taolo). Li-antioxidants tsohle tse ithutoang li thibela nts'etsopele ea botsitso ba motlakase oa khoeli le khoeli hammoho le tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere la mellitus le hypercholesterolemia, ho fokotsa ho hasanya ha nako ea QT ka nako e fetang 60%.

Khaolo ea 4. Litlamorao tsa mexidol, emoxipin, dimephosphone le atocopherol lits'ebetsong tsa lipoperoxidation le ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea antioxidant ho plasma ea mali le lisele tsa likhoto tse tšoeu ha li pepesetsoa alloxan khahlano le semelo sa cholesterol.

4.1 Litlamorao tsa li-antioxidants tse ithutoang liporong tsa lipid peroxidation le tšebetso ea li-enzyme tsa antioxidant ka plasma ea mali ea likhoto tse tšoeu tse nang le lefu la tsoekere la alloxan le hypercholesterolemia.

Bafuputsi ba bangata ba re mochine oa litla-morao tsa chefo o ka baka tšenyo e mpe ka ho etsoa ha li-radicals tsa mahala (Baranov V.G., 1993, Yurina M.A., Adeykina O.A., 2000, Gard A., Grandy S., 1990). Joalokaha lithuto tsa rona li bontšitse, tsamaiso ea alloxan ho liphoofolo tse lekang e khothaletsa ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea lipid peroxidation maling a mali. Re ahlotse botebo ba lipid peroxidation ke se ngotsoeng ka har'a plasma ea mali ea sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa LPO - malondialdehyde. Ka letsatsi la 14 kamora ts'ebetso ea alloxan, keketseho ea litaba tsa MDA ka har'a plasma ea mali ea liphoofolo tse lekang e tlalehiloe ho tloha ho 5.8 ± 0.3 mmol / L ho fihla ho 10.27 ± 0.3 mmol / L, P 0.05 + 22.0 23, 48 ± 1,02 p 0.05 -5.43 34.52 ± 0.81 p> 0.05 - 1.26

Alloxan mg / kg 10.27 ± 0.33 p 0.05 - 23.43 - 74.23 34.38 ± 1.29 P> 0.05 P, 0.05 -1.70 + 184.6

Alloxan + cholesterol + mexidol 25 mg / kg 4.13 ± 0.24 P 0.005 P, dimephosphon> a - tocopherol.

4.2. Litlamorao tsa mexidol, emoxipin, dimephosphone le - tocopherol ho lipid peroxidation le antioxidant ts'ireletso myocardium ka motsoako oa lefu la tsoekere le lefu le tsoang kantle ho hypercholesterolemia

Mathata a pelo a lefu la tsoekere ke sesosa se ka sehloohong sa bokooa le lefu. Atherosclerosis ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere mellitus e tšoauoa ka nts'etsopele ea pele le ho hasana, e re lumellang ho bua ka lefu la tsoekere e le mohlala oa tlhaho oa atherosclerosis (Kozlov S.G., Lyakishev A.A., 1999, Haffner SM et al., 1990, Stamler J., et al., 1993). Hoa tsebahala hore karolo e ka sehloohong ho nts'etsopele ea mathata a methapo ea lefu la tsoekere ke khatello ea maikutlo e se nang enzymatic autooxidative glycosylation le oxidative (V. Lankin et al., 2000, V. Halliwell, 1999).

Ka hona, mosebetsing ona, re fuputse boemo ba lipid peroxidation le ts'ireletso ea antioxidant ho myocardium ea liphoofolo tse lekang ka lefu la tsoekere la alloxan maemong a hypercholesterolemia.

Joalokaha liphetho tsa lithuto tsa rona li bonts'itse, ho hlahisoa ha alloxan ho kentse letsoho keketseho e matla ho TBA, sehlahisoa se sebetsang, malondialdehyde ka myocardium ea likhoto tse tšoeu, e bonts'ang ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso ea lipoperoxidation. Joalokaha ho latela ho tloha tafoleng 4.2.1, boemo ba MDA bo eketsehile haholo ho tloha ho 5.78 ± 0.19 mmol / L ho liphoofolo tse tsitsitseng ho isa ho 18,84 ± 0.69 mmol / L ho liphoofolo tsa lihlahlobo tse ithutoang, tse fihlang ho 325.95% ea sephetho le makhetlo a mangata ho feta boleng ba boemo bo hlakileng. Ho pepesetsoa ha liphoofolo tse lekang mojaro oa k'holeseterole ho boetse ho lebisitse keketseho e kholo ea khatello ea MDA ho myocardial homogenates ho 17,72 ± 0.58 mmol / L, e ileng ea feta haholo tekanyo e kholo ka 206.77%.

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Sephetho sa dissertation sehloohong "Pharmacology, pharmacology ea kliniki", Volkova, Natalya Anatolevna

Ka kopo elelloa hore litemana tsa mahlale tse hlahisitsoeng ka holimo li bua feela mme li fumaneha ka tumello ea mangolo a pele a dissertation (OCR). Kopanong ena, li kanna tsa ba le liphoso tse amanang le ho se phethahale ha li-algorithm tsa ho amohela. Ho li-file tsa PDF tsa li-dissertations le li-strip tseo re li tsamaisang, ha ho na liphoso tse joalo.

Science science disserCat - saense ea sejoale-joale ea 'Muso oa Russia, lingoloa, lipatlisiso tsa dissertation, lingoliloeng tsa mahlale, lingoloa tsa lingoloa tsa dissertation.

Tlhaloso le thepa

Emoxipin Ke ntho e nang le phofo e nang le sebopeho sa kristale le boemo bo phahameng ba ho qhibiliha ka metsing. Lebitso la machaba la ntho e sebetsang ke methylethylpyridinol.

Setlhare se na le thepa ea antioxidant le antihypoxant, hammoho le moemeli oa vasoconstrictor le antiplatelet. Thepa ea antioxidant ea Emoxipin e fana ka ho se sebetse hantle ha li-radicals tsa mahala, ho felisoa ha li-reaction oxidative reaction, mme ka hona, li thibela tšenyo ea limolek'hule tsa bohlokoa tsa bioloji - DNA, liprotheine, li-enzyme, likarolo tsa membrane ea sele, joalo-joalo.

Thepa ea antihypoxant e lumella Emoxipin ho thibela tlala ea oksijene ea litho tsa ka hare le lisele ka ho tsamaisa khase e ngata le ho matlafatsa ho kenella ha eona ka lebota la vascular le membrane ea sele.

Thepa e ntle haholo ea Emoxipin e hlahisoa ka bokhoni ba ho fana ka matla, boreleli le elasticity leboteng la sekepe. Ka nako e ts'oanang le keketseho ea matla a marako a methapo, boteng ba eona bo fokotseha.

Sebaka se boreleli sa likepe se lumella ho fokotsa "ho khomarela" lintho tsa selefounu tsa mali, hammoho le ho thibela ho ts'oaroa ha tsona marakong a methapo le methapo, e netefatsang thepa ea khale ea Emoxipin. Ka lebaka la phello ena, phallo ea mali le eona e ntlafalitsoe, ke hore, pono ea eona e fokotsehile.

Ntle le ho fokotsa "gluing" ea lisele tsa mali, Emoxipin e ntlafatsa tšebetso ea methapo ea mali, e fokotsa ho tetebela ha methapo ea mali le ho thibela ho ruruha, hape e khothaletsa ho potlakela ho ts'oaroa hape. Ho li-pathologies tsa pelo, Emoxipin o na le phello e matlafatsang, e khothaletsa lehae le ho hlaka leseling ka mokhoa o hlakileng haeba ho ka ba le tlhaselo ea pelo, ho matlafatsa matla a litšibollo le ho tsekisa litšusumetso, ho thibela likhathatso tsa morethetho oa pelo. Ka kakaretso, Emoxipin e eketsa ho hanela ha litho tsa 'mele ho hloka oksijene le phallo ea mali.

Sesebelisoa sa Emoxipin

Mekhoa ea bongaka e sebelisang mehloli ea leseli e nang le matla a mangata le khafetsa e hloka tšireletso ea mahlo liphellong tse mpe tsa lits'ebetso tsena. Boemong bona, Emoxipin e sebelisetsoa ho sireletsa mahlo mahlaseling a kotsi a mahlaseli a kotsi le ho chesoa ke letsatsi.

Bakuli ba fumanang choroid 'me ba e sebelisitse bakeng sa mofuta o mong oa mafu, joalo ka glaucoma, ba hloka tekanyetso ea Emoxipin ho thibela nts'etsopele ea tšenyo ea methapo le methapo ea setho sa pono, le ho boloka tšebetso ea bona e sebetsa.

Ntle le ts'ebetso ea mahlo, moriana o sebelisoa ho pelo, hobane o na le tšusumetso, ho kenyeletsoa methapong ea mali ea pelo. Thepa ea pelo ea Emoxipin e sebelisetsoa ho phekola infarction ea acute myocardial, hammoho le ho thibela "reperfusion syndrome." Ho nka Emoxipin ho ntlafatsa haholo phepo e nepahetseng le metabolism mochesong oa pelo kamora ho hlaseloa ke pelo. Angina e sa tsitsang e laoloa hamolemo ka tšebeliso ea Emoxipin, 'me matšoao a utloisang bohloko le litlhaselo tse bohloko ka pelong li fetoha tse seng li sa tsejoe haholo ebile li fumaneha seoelo.

Ho ts'ebetsong ea methapo, Emoxipin e sebelisetsoa ho phekola litšila tsa potoloho ea boko ba mefuta e fapaneng. Ho feta moo, sethethefatsi se sebetsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang hantle mabapi le phallo ea mali e matla le hemorrhage e bokellaneng lithong tsa boko. Kamora ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ho buoa ho tlosa hematomas e sebakeng sa tlholeho le lefu la mokokotlo, Emoksipin ea lithethefatsi eu lumella ho etsa hore phallo ea mali e fokotsehe, 'me e thibele mali a tsoang khafetsa.

Kajeno, Emoxipin e sebelisetsoa ho phekola boemo bofe kapa bofe moo ho hlahlojoang lits'ebetso tsa peroxidation e sebetsang, i.e. oxidative khatello. Matšoenyeho a nang le oksijene a bonoa a mafu a fapaneng haholo, mohlala, ka infarction ea myocardial, stroke, glaucoma, tšoaetso ea vaerase, jj.

Liente le methapo ea methapo bakeng sa kalafo ea methapo ea pelo le methapo

2. Matsatsing a 10-30, tharollo ea 3% ea Emoxipin e fanoa ka mokhoa oa intramuscularly, 3-5 ml ka ente. Kenyelletso ea moriana o etsoa makhetlo a 2-3 ka letsatsi.

Nako ea kalafo le Emoxipin ka kotloloho e ipapisitse le ho rarahana ha methapo ea methapo, lebelo la ho hlaphoheloa le ho tloaela ha mesebetsi ea 'mele.

Liente tsa Emoxipin bakeng sa Phekolo ea Pathology ea Leihlo

Litsebi tsa mafu a kelello li sebelisa tharollo ea 1% ea Emoxipin, 'me liente li etsoa haufi le leihlo (retrobulbar le parabulbar), hammoho le tlasa conjunctiva (subconjunctival). Likokoana-hloko tsa Emoksipin parabulbarly li entsoe hanngoe ka letsatsi kapa ka letsatsi le leng le le leng, 'me li kenngoa ka tharollo ea 1% ka boholo ba 0.5-1 ml. Tlas'a conjunctiva, tharollo ea 1% ea ente e boetse e fanoa letsatsi le letsatsi, kapa ka letsatsi le leng le le leng, 0,2-0,5 ml. Ts'ebetso ea Subconjunctival le parabulbar ea Emoxipin e etsoa ka lithuto tse tšoarellang matsatsi a 10-30. Nakong ea k'halendara e le 'ngoe, u ka pheta kalafo makhetlo a 2-3.

Ka tšenyo e tebileng ea leihlo, ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa ho khutlisetsa marangrang a tharollo ea 1% ea Emoxipin ka ente. Nako ea kalafo e na le tsamaiso e le 'ngoe ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea Emoxipin 1% ka boholo ba 0.5-1 ml bakeng sa matsatsi a 10-15.

Bakeng sa ho sireletsa leihlo nakong ea manong a laser coagulation, parabulbar kapa tarobulbar tsamaiso ea tharollo ea 1% ea Emoxipin ka boholo ba 0.5-1 ml e etsoa habeli - lihora tse 24 le hora e le 1 pele ho ts'ebetso. Kamora ho buuoa matsatsi a 2-10, sethethefatsi se tsamaisoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, 0.5 ml ea tharollo ea 1% hang ka letsatsi, letsatsi le letsatsi.

Litaelo tse khethehileng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea Emoxipin

Haeba motho a e-na le khatello ea mali, tšebeliso ea Emoksipin e lokela ho etsoa ka ho lekola khatello ea mali kamehla. U lokela ho lula u lekola ho fetoha ha mali kamehla.

Haeba Emoxipine ka mokhoa oa marotholi a mahlo a tlameha ho sebelisoa ka kopanelo le moriana o mong oa lehae, o e qete ho qeta kamora metsotso e ka bang 10-15 ka mor'a ho sebelisa pheko e fetileng.

Emoxipin ha ea lokela ho kopanngoa le lithethefatsi tse ling, haholo-holo kenyelletso e kopaneng ea moriana le e ngoe ka syringe e le 'ngoe ha e lumelloe.

Litla-morao tsa Emoxipin

Marotholi a mahlo a ka baka bohloko, ho chesa, ho pikitla mahlong ka mor'a tsamaiso. Lintho tsena tse nyarosang hangata li itlhahela ka bo bona.

Li-entraocular tsa li-intraocular (retrobulbar, parabulbar, subconjunctival) tsa Emoxipin li ka tsamaisana le litlamorao tse latelang:

• bohloko sebakeng sa ente
• ho hlohlona
• ho tuka
• redness
• phokotso ea lisele tse potileng potoloho ea leihlo.

Intravenous tsamaiso ea Emoxipin ha ho phekoloa maloetse a pelo le methapo ea methapo a ka baka litlamorao tse latelang:

• ho se khonehe haufinyane,
• ho otsela
• keketseho e nyane ea khatello
• karabelo ea lehae ea teng (lekhopho la letlalo, lekhopho, jj).

Emoxipin bakeng sa ente le marotholi a mahlo - litekolo

Emoxipin ke sethethefatsi se sebetsang haholo, empa se na le tšusumetso e matla ea lehae, e bakang ho hloka botsitso ha o sebelisa moriana o mahlong. Batho ba nang le mafu a mahlo a tebileng, mme ba nka marotholi le liente tsa Emoxipin, ba ela hloko lipontšo le kutloisiso e hlakileng ea tlhoko ea kalafo, ba fumana litholoana tse ntle. Tabeng ena, mohopolo o nepahetseng oa lithethefatsi o etsoa hangata, ka hona, tlhahlobo e ntle. Haeba Emoxipin e sebelisetsoa ho phekola mathata a manyane, mme motho a sa itokisetsa ho mamella maikutlo a seng monate, joale sena se hlahisa tlhahlobo e mpe mabapi le lithethefatsi, hobane maemong ana ts'ebetso ea kalafo e nyane ebile e amana le ho se sebetse hantle.

Emoxipine bakeng sa ente e thusitse ho tlosa litlamorao tsa ho hlaseloa ke pelo le lichapo ho bakuli ba bangata ba atlehileng ho fokotsa lipontšo tsa mathata a methapo ea kutlo nakong e khuts'oane. Sehlopha sena sa bakuli se na le boiphihlelo bo nepahetseng ka tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, ka hona, tlhahlobo e ntle. Hape, batho ba e sebelisitseng ka sepheo sa ho ntlafatsa ho potoloha ha lisele le ho potlakela ho phekola hematomas ka potlako ba arabela hantle ka moriana ona. Litlhahlobo tse mpe ka ts'ebeliso ea ente ea Emoxipine hangata li tloheloa ke batho ba sebelisang moriana ka bo bona ho tšoara mofuta o bitsoang "mali o boima."