Ho latellana ha motsoako oa cholesterol sebeteng

Phetoho ea lanosterol hore e be k'holeseterole e etsoa likarolong tsa "endoplasmic hepatocyte reticulum". Maqhama a kopaneng a habeli ka molek'hule ea karolo ea pele. Karabelo ena e ja matla a mangata e sebelisa NADPH e le mofani. Kamora tšusumetso ea li-enzyme tse fapaneng tsa transformer holim'a lanosterol, k'holeseterole ea hlaha.

Tsamaiso Q10

Mosebetsi oa bohlokoa oa cholesterol le phetiso ea Q10. Karolo ena e na le boikarabello ba ho sireletsa membrane ho litlamorao tse mpe tsa enzymes. Palo e kholo ea motsoako ona e hlahisoa mehahong e meng, ebe ke hona feela e kenang maling. Ha a na bokhoni ba ho kenella ka bolokolohi liseleng tse setseng, ka hona molemong oa sena o hloka mokalli. Cholesterol e sebetsana ka katleho le mosebetsi ona.

Mesebetsi ea Khokahano ea Motheo

Joalokaha ho boletsoe kaholimo, ntho ena e ka ba molemo ho batho, ehlile, feela ha re bua ka HDL.

Motheong oa sena, ho hlakile hore polelo ea hore cholesterol e kotsi ho batho ke phoso.

Cholesterol ke karolo e sebetsang ea bioloji:

• e nka karolo tlhahisong ea lihormone tsa thobalano,
• e tiisa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea li-receptor tsa serotonin bokong,
• Karolo ea mantlha ea bile, hammoho le vithamine D, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho monya mafura,
• e thibela ts'ebetso ea ts'enyeho ea likarolo tsa intracellular tlasa ts'usumetso ea li-radicals tsa mahala.

Empa hammoho le thepa e ntle, ntho ena e ka ba le kotsi ho bophelo ba motho. Mohlala, LDL e ka baka nts'etsopele ea maloetse a tebileng, haholo kenya letsoho kholisong ea atherosclerosis.

Sebeteng, biocomponent e hlophisitsoe ka tlas'a tšusumetso ea HMG redutase. Ena ke mohloli oa mantlha o amanang le biosynthesis. Ho thibela tlhaho ho etsahala tlasa ts'usumetso ea maikutlo a fosahetseng.

Ts'ebetso ea motsoako oa ntho e teng ka har'a sebete e na le kamano e fapaneng le tekanyetso ea motsoako e kenang 'meleng oa motho ka lijo.

Le e bobebe, ts'ebetso ena e hlalosoa ka tsela ena. Sebete se ikemela se laola maemo a k'holeseterole ka boeona. Ha motho a qeta ho ja lijo tse nang le motsoako ona, ntho e fokolang e hlahisoa liseleng tsa setho, 'me haeba re ka ela hloko hore mafura a jeoa hammoho le lihlahisoa tse nang le ona, ebe ts'ebetso ena ea taolo e bohlokoa haholo.

Likarolo tsa motsoako oa taba

Batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle ba hlophisa HDL ka tekanyo e ka bang 1 g / ka letsatsi mme ba nka 0,3 g / ka letsatsi.

Karolo e sa fetoheng ea k'holeseterole maling e na le boleng bo joalo - 150-200 mg / dl. E bolokiloe haholo-holo ka ho laola boemo ba motsoako oa denovo.

Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore motsoako oa HDL le LDL oa tlhaho ea tlhaho o laoloa ka mokhoa o itseng ke lijo.

Cholesterol, ka bobeli ho tsoa ho lijo ebile e entsoe ka har'a sebete, e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa litho, ka har'a motsoako oa lihormone tsa steroid le li-acid acid. Karolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea ntho ena e sebelisoa ho motsoako oa li-acids tsa bile.

Ho kenella ha HDL le LDL ka lisele ho bolokoa maemong a tsitsitseng ke mekhoa e meraro e fapaneng:

1. Taolo ea Ts'ebetso ea HMGR
2. Taolo ea cholesterol ea mahala e kenelletseng ka ts'ebetso ea sterol ea O-acyltransferase, SOAT1 le SOAT2 e nang le SOAT2, e leng eona karolo e ka sehloohong e sebetsang seaparong. Khetho ea pele ea li-enzyme tsena e ne e le ACAT bakeng sa acyl-CoA: acyltransferase cholesterol. Li-Enzymes ACAT, ACAT1, le ACAT2 ke acetyl CoA acetyltransferase 1 le 2.
3. Ka ho laola maemo a k'holeseterole ea plasma ka ho sebelisa li-receptor tsa LDL-Mediated receptor le lipalangoang tse fapaneng tsa HDL.

Taolo ea ts'ebetso ea HMGR ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho laola boemo ba biosynthesis ea LDL le HDL.

Enzyme e laoloa ke mekhoa e mene e fapaneng:

• Thibelo ea maikutlo
• gene expression control,
• sekhahla sa ho fokotsoa ha enzyme,
• phosphorylation-dephosphorylation

Mehato ea pele e meraro ea taolo e sebetsa ka kotloloho ho ntho ka boeona. Cholesterol e sebetsa e le thibelo ea maikutlo ho tsoa ho HMGR e neng e le teng pele, mme e boetse e baka tšenyo e potlakileng ea enzyme. Qetellong ke litholoana tsa polyubiquitination ea HMGR le ho senyeha ha eona ho protheine. Bokhoni bona ke phello ea sebaka se matla sa HMGR SSD.

Ntle le moo, ha k'holeseterole e le ngata, palo ea mRNA bakeng sa HMGR e fokotseha ka lebaka la polelo ea gene e fokotsehileng.

Lirosa tse amehang moetlong

Haeba karolo ea kantle ho naha e laoloa ka phetoho e kopanetsoeng, ts'ebetso ena e tla etsoa ka lebaka la phosphorylation le dephosphorylation.

Enzyme e sebetsa haholo ka sebopeho se sa ngolisoang. Phosphorylation ea enzyme e fokotsa tšebetso ea eona.

HMGR e phosphorylated ke kinase e hlahisang li-protein tsa AMP, AMPK. AMPK ka boeona e buelloa ke phosphorylation.

Phosphorylation ea AMPK e tšoaelitsoe ke bonyane li-enzyme tse peli, e leng:

1. Kinase ea mantlha e ikarabellang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea AMPK ke LKB1 (sebete kinase B1). LKB1 e qalile e tsejoa e le mofuta oa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho batho ba nang le phetoho ea methapo ea kutlo e ikhethileng ho lefu la Putz-Jegers, PJS. LKB1 e boetse e fumaneha e fetoha phetoho maemong a ka mpeng a adenocarcinoma.
2. Phosphorylating ea enzyme ea bobeli ea phosphorylating ke protheine ea tlhaho ea kinase kinase kinase (CaMKK calm). CaMKKβ e kenya phosphorylation ea AMPK ho arabela keketseho ea intracellular Ca2 + ka lebaka la mokoloto oa mesifa.

Taolo ea HMGR ka liphetoho tse kopanetsoeng e lumella HDL ho hlahisoa. HMGR e sebetsa haholo seterekeng sa dephosphorylated. Phosphorylation (Ser872) e ts'oaroa ke enzyme ea AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ketsahalo eo hape e laoloang ke phosphorylation.

Phosphorylation ea AMPK e ka hlaha ka lebaka la bonyane li-enzyme tse peli:

Dephosphorylation ea HMGR, e e khutlisetsang maemong a sebetsang haholoanyane, e etsoa ka ts'ebetso ea liprotheine tsa protheine tsa lelapa la 2A. Tatellano ena eu lumella ho laola tlhahiso ea HDL.

Ke eng e amang mofuta oa cholesterol?

PP2A ea ts'ebetso e fumaneha ka li-isoforms tse peli tse fapaneng tse kentsoeng ke liphatsa tse peli tse khethiloeng e le PPP2CA le PPP2CB. Li-isoforms tse peli tse ka sehloohong tsa PP2A ke enzyme ea heterodimeric ea mantlha le heterotrimeric holoenzyme.

PP2A ea mantlha ea enzyme e na le "subunit" e tsoang qalong e bitsoang A subunit) le "subunit" ea Cuniti. Subunit ea "catalytic" e kentsoe mofuta oa PPP2CA, 'me "catunthi" e kenelletseng e ts'oaretsoe ke mofuta oa PPP2CB.

Sebopeho sa aff scaffold se kenyelelitsoe ke mofuta oa PPP2R1A le β subunit ea mofuta oa PPP2R1B. Enzyme ea mantlha, PP2A e sebelisana le subunit e laoloang ea taolo ho kopana ho ea holoenzyme.

Li-subunits tsa taolo ea PP2A li kenyelletsa malapa a mane (ao pele a neng a bitsoa B-subunits), ao e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e nang le li-isoform tse 'maloa tse kentsoeng ke mefuta e fapaneng.

Hajoale, ho na le mefuta e 15 e fapaneng ea semmuso sa PP2A B. Mosebetsi oa mantlha oa li-subunits tsa PP2A ke ho lebisa liprotheine tsa phosphorylated substrate ts'ebetsong ea phosphatase ea li-subunits tsa PP2A tse matla.

PPP2R ke e 'ngoe ea li-subunits tsa 15 tse fapaneng tsa taolo ea PP2A. Lihormone tse kang glucagon le adrenaline hampe li ama cholesterol biosynthesis ka ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea subunits e itseng ea taolo ea li-enzyme tsa lelapa tsa PP2A.

PKA-Mediated phosphorylation ea subunit e laolang ea PP2A (PPP2R) e lebisa ho lokolloe ha PP2A ho HMGR, ho thibela dephosphorylation ea eona. Ka ho loantša litlamorao tsa glucagon le adrenaline, insulin e hlohlelletsa ho tlosoa ha phosphates ebe ka tsela eo e eketsa tšebetso ea HMGR.

Tekanyetso e eketsehileng ea HMGR e etsahala ka ho thibela maikutlo le k'holeseterole, hammoho le taolo ea motsoako oa eona ka ho eketsa boemo ba k'holeseterole ea intracellular le sterol.

Ketsahalo ena ea morao-rao e amahanngoa le ntho e ngotsoeng ea SREBP.

Ts'ebetso e joang 'meleng oa motho?

Ts'ebetso ea HMGR e boetse e beiloe leihlo ka ho saena le AMP. Keketseho ea cAMP e kenya ts'ebetso protheine e tsamaeang le cAMP, PKA. Sebakeng sa taolo ea HMGR, PKA phosphorylates subunit e laolang, e lebisang keketseho ea tokollo ea PP2A ho HMGR. Sena se thibela PP2A ho tlosa phosphates ho HMGR, ho thibela ts'ebetso ea eona hape.

Lelapa le leholo la protheine ea phosphatase e laolehang e laola le / kapa e thibela ts'ebetso ea li-phosphatase tse ngata, ho kenyelletsa le litho tsa malapa a PP1, PP2A, le PP2C. Ntle le phosphatase ea PP2A e ntšang phosphates ho AMPK le HMGR, li-phosphatase tsa lelapa la protheine phosphatase 2C (PP2C) le tsona li tlosa phosphates ho AMPK.

Ha melaoana ena e laola phosphorylate PKA, ts'ebetso ea li-phosphatase tse tlameletsoeng e fokotseha, e fella ka AMPK e setseng naheng ea phosphorylated le e sebetsang, le HMGR maemong a phosphorylated le a sa sebetseng. Ha khothalletso e tlosoa, e lebisa keketseho ea tlhahiso ea cAMP, boemo ba phosphorylation bo fokotseha, mme boemo ba dephosphorylation bo eketseha. Sephetho ke ho khutlela boemong bo phahameng ba ts'ebetso ea HMGR. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, insulin e lebisa ho fokotseha ha cAMP, ebe, e kenya ts'ebetso ea motsoako. Sephetho ke ho khutlela boemong bo phahameng ba ts'ebetso ea HMGR.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, insulin e baka ho fokotseha ha cAMP, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e hlahisang ts'ebetso ea cholesterol. Sephetho ke ho khutlela boemong bo phahameng ba ts'ebetso ea HMGR. Insulin e lebisa ho fokotseha ha cAMP, eo, le eona e ka sebelisoang ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea motsoako.

Bokhoni ba ho tsosa insulin le ho thibela glucagon, ts'ebetso ea HMGR e lumellana le tšusumetso ea lihormone tsena lits'ebetsong tse ling tsa metabolic metabolism. Mosebetsi oa mantlha oa li-hormone tsena tse peli ke ho laola ho fihlella le matla a ho tsamaisa lisele tsohle.

Tlhahlobo ea nako e telele ea ts'ebetso ea HMGR e etsoa haholo-holo ka ho laola ho kenyelletsoa le ho senyeha ha enzyme. Ha litekanyetso tsa cholesterol li le phahameng, boemo ba mofuta oa HMGR oa liphatsa tsa lefutso boa fokotseha, 'me ka lehlakoreng le leng, maemo a tlase a ts'ebetso ea mofuta oa gene.

Tlhahisoleseling ka k'holeseterole e fanoa ka video videong ena.

Mohloli oa tšebetso ea ho hlahisa limolek'hule tsa cholesterol ke eng?

Lijo tse ngata li tlatsa 'mele ka k'holeseterole - tsena ke lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho ea liphoofolo, le mafura a fumanehang ka bongata lijong tse phethoang, hammoho le lijong tse potlakileng.

Haeba u sebelisa lihlahisoa tse joalo haholo, keketseho ea limolek'hule tsa cholesterol maling e tla ba phahameng 'me u tla tlameha ho sebelisa tharollo ea bongaka ho hypercholesterolemia.

Cholesterol, e kenang 'meleng ka lijo, e na le boima ba limolek'hule tse ngata, e lebisang ho hlahisoeng ha cholesterol e joalo likhetleng tse ka hare tsa methapo ea mali, e qholotsang nts'etsopele ea cholesterol plaque le methapo ea methapo ea methapo.

Keketseho ea index ea cholesterol maling ha e hlahe feela hobane e tsoa ka ntle, empa hape e tsoa ho tlolo ea molao ts'ebetsong ea ho kopanya limolek'hule tsa lipoprotein ke lisele tsa sebete.

Tlholeho ea cholesterol ho litaba tse kahare ↑

Synthesis ea k'holeseterole seleng

Khopolo ea k'holeseterole e 'meleng e ka ba ligrama tse 0,50-0.80 ka letsatsi.

Mokhoa oa limolek'hule tsa cholesterol 'meleng oa tsamaisoa:

• 50.0% e hlahisoa ke lisele tsa sebete,
• 15.0% - 20.0% - ke mafapha a mala a manyane,
• 10,0% - e entsoe ka adrenal cortex le lisele tsa letlalo.

Lisele tsohle tse 'meleng oa motho li na le matla a ho kopanya lipoprotein.

Ka lijo, ho fihla ho 20,0% ea molek'hule oa k'holeseterole e kenang 'meleng - e ka bang ligrama tse 0,40 ka letsatsi.

Lipoprotein li epolloa kantle ho 'mele ka thuso ea bile acid,' me ka letsatsi ts'ebeliso ea limolek'hule tsa cholesterol ka bile ha e fetang ligrama tse 1,0.

Biosynthesis ea lipoprotein 'meleng

Tekanyo ea biosynthesis ea limolek'hule tsa lipid e hlaha lefapheng la endoplasmic - reticulum. Motheo oa liathomo tsohle tsa limolek'hule tsa khase ke ntho e bitsoang acetyl-SCoA, e kenang ka har'a endoplasm ho tloha mitochondria ho limolek'hule tsa citrate.

Nakong ea biosynthesis ea limolek'hule tsa lipoprotein, limolek'hule tse 18 tsa ATP li nka karolo, 'me limolek'hule tse 13 tsa NADPH li nka karolo ho seo.

Ts'ebetso ea ho theha k'holeseterole e fetela maemong a ka bang 30 le liphetoho tse 'meleng.

Mofuta oa lipoprotein o hlophisitsoeng o ka aroloa ka lihlopha:

kenya ka potlako - mafolofolo a tsoekere

• Mefuta ea acid e mevalonic e etsahala nakong ea ketogenesis ea liphetoho tse peli tsa pele, 'me kamora mohato oa boraro, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-ScoA e kopana le molek'hule ea HMG-ScoA. Ho tloha karabelo ena, Mevalonate e hlophisitsoe. Boitšoaro bona bo hloka tsoekere e lekaneng maling. U ka e etsetsa eona ka thuso ea lijo tse tsoekere le lijo-thollo,
• Mokhoa oa isopentenyl diphosphate o hlaha kamora ho eketsoa ha phosphate ho limolek'hule tsa mevalonic acid le ho omella hoa tsona,
• Tsela ea farnesyl diphosphate e etsahala kamora ho kopana ha limolek'hule tse tharo tsa isopentenyl diphosphate,
• Squalene synthesis ke tlamo ea limolek'hule tse peli tsa farnesyl diphosphate,
• Karabelo ea phetoho ea squalene ho molek'hule ea lanosterol e etsahala,
• Kamora ho tlosoa ha lihlopha tse sa hlokahaleng tsa methyl, k'holeseterole ea fetoloa.

Taolo ea litlatsetso tsa lipoprotein

Sesebelisoa sa taolo ts'ebetsong ea motsoako ke reductase ea enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-ScoA. Bokhoni ba enzyme ena ea ho fetola tšebetso bo feta makhetlo a 100.

Taolo ea ts'ebetso ea enzyme e etsahala ho latela melao-motheo e 'maloa:

• Taolo ea synthesis maemong a metabolic. Molao-motheo ona o sebetsa "ho tloha lehlakoreng le leng", enzyme e thibetsoe ke k'holeseterole, e etsang hore ho khonehe ho boloka litaba tsa bohlokoa kamehla.
• Melaoana ea tsamaiso ea li-hormone e sebetsang.

Taolo maemong a lihormone e etsahala mehatong e latelang:

• Keketseho ea "insulin" ea 'mele' meleng e hlahisa phosphatase, e hlahisang keketseho ea tšebetso ea morero oa mantlha oa HMG-ScoA,
• Glucagon ea hormone le adrenaline ea li-hormone li na le matla a ho kenya tšebetsong karolo ea protheine kinase A, e etsang phosphorylates enzyme HMG-ScoA e fokotsang mesebetsi ea bona,
• Ts'ebetso ea motsoako oa cholesterol e itšetlehile ka ho kenella ha protheine e khethehileng ea transporter maling, e tlang ka nako e loketseng e tlama metsoako e bohareng ea metabolites.

K'holeseterole ea 'mele

K'holeseterole e entsoeng ka liseleng tsa sebete e hlokahala bakeng sa 'mele bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa bohlokoa:

• E fumaneha kahara membrane ka 'ngoe ea sele, limolek'hule tsa cholesterol lia li matlafatsa ebile li etsa hore li be matla,
• Ka thuso ea lipoprotein, lisele tsa choroid li eketsa botumo ba tsona, bo li sirelletsang litšusumetsong tsa kantle,
• Ntle le thuso ea lipoprotein, litšoelesa tsa adrenal ha li hlahise mofuta oa lihormone tsa thobalano,
• U sebelisa lipids, tlhahiso ea bile acid e etsahala ebile e thibela senya ea nyooko hore e se ke ea etsoa ka lejoe ho eona,
• Lipoprotein e kopanya lisele tsa neuron mokokotlong le bokong,
• Ka thuso ea lipoprotein, sheath ea methapo ea methapo e matlafatsoa,
• Ka thuso ea k'holeseterole, tlhahiso ea vithamine D e etsahala, e thusang ho monya calcium le ho thibela ho senyeha ha lisele tsa masapo.

Cholesterol e thusa litšoelesa tsa adrenal hore li hlophise lihlopha tsena tsa lihormone:

• Sehlopha sa Corticosteroid
• Sehlopha sa li-hormone tsa Glucocorticoid,
• Sehlopha sa mineralocorticoids.

Lihormone tsena li fana ka mekhoa ea tsamaiso ea li-hormone ea litho tsa motho tsa ho tsoala.

Limolek'hule tsa cholesterol kamora hore metsoako ea lisele e kenngoe karolong ea endocrine ea tšoelesa ea adrenal mme li kenya letsoho tlhahiso ea lihormone le ho boloka botsitso karolong ea lihormone.

Metabolism ea limolek'hule tsa Vitamin D 'meleng

Ho hlahisoa ha limolek'hule tsa vithamine D ho tsoa leseling la letsatsi, le kenang k'holeseterole tlas'a letlalo. Nakong ena, motsoako oa vithamine D o hlaha, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa haholo hore mmele o tsebe ho monya liminerale tsa calcium.

Mefuta eohle ea lipoprotein, kamora ho kopana, e tsamaisoa ka 'mele ka tsamaiso ea mali.

Vitamin D e ka fetoloa feela ke lipoprotein tse phahameng tsa limolek'hule, mme lipids tsa boima ba limolek'hule tse tlase li baka nts'etsopele ea methapo ea methapo, hobane li na le bokhoni ba ho lula kahare ea methapo ea methapo ka har'a methapo ea cholesterol, e holang le e qholotsa lefu lena.

Ka linako tse ling li-cholesterol plaque li ka bonoa ho batho tlasa letlalo matsohong.

Vitamini D Metabolism ho litaba tse kahare ↑

Liphapang tse mabapi le lipoprotein

Ts'ebetsong tse ngata tsa metabolic 'meleng, ho hloleha le ho sitisoa ho ka hlaha. Mathata a joalo a ka hlaha metabolism ea lipid. Ho na le mabaka a mangata ebile ba na le etiology ea kantle le ea tlhaho.

Lisosa tsa tlhaho tsa lipoprotein synthesis mafu a kenyeletsa:

• Lilemo tsa motho. Kamora lilemo tse 40 'meleng oa motho, tlhahiso ea lihormone tsa thobalano le semelo sa lihormone li ferekanngoa,' me ha a le lilemo li 45 - 50, lits'ebetso tsohle tsa metabolic li ea theoha, tse ka lebisang ho phatloheng ha metabolism ea lipid,
• Bong - Batho ba tloaetse ho bokelloa ke cholesterol ho feta basali. Basali pele ho nako ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli le nako ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli ba sirelelitsoe ke tlhahiso ea lihormone tsa thobalano, ho bokelleng lipoprotein,
• Phello ea lefutso. Ntshetsopele ea hypercholesterolemia ea lelapa.

Lisosa tsa ho hloleha ha lipid li kenyelletsa lintlha tse itšetlehileng ka mokhoa oa bophelo oa mokuli, hammoho le li-pathologies tse amanang le tsona tse bakang tlolo ea molao tlhahisong ea limolek'hule tsa cholesterol:

• Bokhoba ba Nikotine,
• Bokhoba ba joala bo sa feleng
• Phepo e se nang phepo e ntle e ka lebisa ho eketseha ha cholesterol 'meleng le ho bokellana ha eona eseng maling,
• Mokhoa oa ho lula o lutse o baka lits'ebetso tse liehang tsa metabolic le lipoprotein,
• Hypertension - khatello e phahameng maling e fana ka li-prerequisites tsa hore metsoako ea methapo e tlatsitsoe ka mafid ea lipid, eo ka mora nako e bang e hlahisang khetla ea cholesterol,
• Dyslipidemia ke bokuli ho metabolism ea lipid. Ka pathology, ho se leka-lekane ho hlaha lipakeng tsa VP lipoproteins, NP lipids, hammoho le boemo ba triglycerides maling,
• Pathology botenya,
• Lefu la tsoekere. Ka hyperglycemia, metabolism le lipid metabolism lia ferekana.

Khaello ea 'mele oa limolek'hule tsa cholesterol tse molemo

Ho na le li-pathologies tse fokotsang khoholeho ea cholesterol e phahameng ea 'mele maling ka lebaka la ho fokotseha hoa mofuta oa limolek'hule tsa HDL.

Sena se ka lebisa ho li-pathologies ka har'a tšoelesa ea qoqotho, li ka ama tsoekere e maling le ho baka lefu la tsoekere, hape ea baka mafu a mangata a mali le setho sa pelo.

Liphello tsa ho ba le k'holeseterole e phahameng ea boima ba 'mele e ka ba:

• Psychology ea rickets, e hlahang bongoaneng ka lebaka la phokotseho ea vithamine D le ho hlohlona ha limolek'hule tsa calcium,
• Ho tsofala ha lisele tsa 'mele kapele. Ntle le phepelo ea cholesterol ka nako ea lisele, lia felisoa ebe ts'ebetso ea botsofe e qala,
• Ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha boima ba 'mele, ho bakoang ke limolek'hule tse sa lekaneng tsa cholesterol, le metabolism e senyehileng ea lipid,
• Bohloko lithong tsa mesifa ka lebaka la ho haella ha lisele tsa mesifa ea lipid,
• Bohloko kahare ho setho sa pelo se ka tsosang lefu la pelo.

O ka lokisa index ea cholesterol e phahameng haholo o sebelisa phepo e nepahetseng, e kenyeletsang lihlapi tsa leoatle, oli e fapaneng ea meroho, hammoho le lihlahisoa tsa lebese.

Hape u se ke oa lebala ka litholoana tse ncha, litlama le meroho - li lokela ho ata lijong.