Mokhoa oa ho eketsa boemo ba - botle - HDL cholesterol: mekhoa e 8
Hypercholesterolemia, boemo boo ho bona maemo a cholesterol ea mali a phahamisoang, o kenyelelitsoe lethathamong la mabaka a mantlha a kotsi a etsang hore ho be le tšibollo ea myocardial infarction. Sebete sa motho se hlahisa cholesterol e lekaneng, ka hona ha ua lokela ho e ja ka lijo.
Lintho tse nang le mafura li bitsoa lipids. Lipids eona e na le mefuta e 'meli ea sehlooho - cholesterol le triglycerides, e tsamaisoang ke mali. Ho tsamaisa cholesterol maling ho atlehile, ho latela liprotheine. Cholesterol e joalo e bitsoa lipoprotein.
Lipoproteins li phahame (HDL kapa HDL), li tlaase (LDL) le letsoalo le tlase haholo (VLDL). E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona e nahanoa ka ho lekola kotsi ea ho ba le mafu a tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo. Boholo ba k'holeseterole ea mali e fumanehiloe ka har'a litekanyetso tse tlaase tsa methapo ea methapo ea methapo (LDL). Li isa cholesterol liseleng le liseleng, ho kenyeletsa le methapo ea methapo ea pelo ho ea pelong le holimo.
Cholesterol e fumanoeng ho LDL (lipensense tse tlase tsa methapo ea methapo) e bapala karolo ea bohlokoahali ho theheng mapetjo (ho bokella lintho tse mafura) maboteng a ka hare a methapo ea methapo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ana ke lisosa tsa sclerosis tsa methapo ea mali, methapo ea methapo ea mokokotlo, le menyetla ea hore myocardial infarction e be teng.
Ke ka hona k'holeseterole ea LDL e bitsoang "e mpe." Litloaelo tsa LDL le VLDL li phahame - ke moo lisosa tsa ho hlaha ha lefu la pelo li lala teng.
HDL (lipidrotein tse phahameng haholo) le tsona li tsamaisa cholesterol maling, empa kaha ke karolo ea HDL, ntho ena ha e nke karolo ho etseng lipopiso. Ebile, ketsahalo ea liprotheine tse etsang HDL ke ho tlosa cholesterol e ngata liseleng tsa 'mele. Ke tšobotsi ena e khethollang lebitso la k'holeseterole ena: "hantle."
Haeba litekanyetso tsa HDL (litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa methapo ea mali) maling a motho li phahame, menyetla ea lefu la pelo le methapo e ke ke ea latoloa. Triglycerides ke polelo e 'ngoe bakeng sa mafura. Mafura ke mohloli oa bohlokoa oa matla mme sena se tsotelloa ho HDL.
Karolong e 'ngoe, li-triglycerides li kena' meleng ka mafura hammoho le lijo. Haeba bongata ba lik'habohaedreite tse ngata, mafura le joala bo kena 'meleng, joale lik'halori li ka holimo ho tse tloaelehileng.
Tabeng ena, tlhahiso ea palo e eketsehileng ea triglycerides e qala, ho bolelang hore e ama HDL.
Li-triglycerides li tsamaisoa ka lisele ke lipoprotein tse tšoanang tse tsamaisang cholesterol. Ho na le khokahano e tobileng pakeng tsa kotsi ea ho ba le mafu a pelo le li-triglycerides tse phahameng, haholo haeba HDL e ka tlase ho tloaelehileng.
Seo u lokelang ho se etsa
- Haeba ho khonahala, tlosa lijo tse mafura lijong. Haeba khatello ea mafura ho matla a fanoeng ke lijo e fokotseha ho 30%, 'me karolo ea mafura a phetseng hantle e lula e le tlase ho 7%, phetoho e joalo e tla ba tlatsetso ea bohlokoa ho fihletseng boemo ba cholesterol maling. Ha ho na tlhoko ea ho felisa mafura ka botlalo lijong.
- Mafura le mafura a sitsoeng a lokela ho nkeloa sebaka ke polyunsaturated, mohlala, oli ea soya, oli ea mohloaare, safflower, sonobolomo, poone. Lijo tse nang le mafura a mafura a mangata li lokela ho fokotsoa hanyane. Ba phahamisa boemo ba LDL le VLDL bo phahameng ho feta karolo efe kapa efe ea lijo. Liphoofolo tsohle, tse ling tsa meroho (oli ea palema le ea kokonate) le mafura a nang le hydrogen tse ngata haholo.
- Se ke oa ja lijo tse nang le mafura.Ke karolo ea hydrogenated 'me kotsi e ho bona e phahame bakeng sa pelo ho feta ka mafura a tletse. Moetsi o bonts'a tlhaiso-leseling eohle mabapi le mafura ho sephutheloana sa sehlahisoa.
Bohlokoa! Khaotsa ho ja lijo tse nang le k'holeseterole. Ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea "cholesterol" e mpe "(LDL le VLDL) 'meleng, ho lekane ho hana lijo tse mafura (haholo-holo mafura a nang le lijo tse ngata).
Ho seng joalo, LDL e tla phahama haholo ho feta e tloaelehileng.
Lihlahisoa tseo cholesterol e phahamisitsoeng:
- mahe
- lebese lohle
- bokana
- mollusks
- litho tsa liphoofolo, haholo-holo sebete.
Tshekatsheko e tiisa hore ho fokotsa cholesterol ho thusa ho sebelisoa ha fiber ea limela.
Mehloli ea fiber ea limela:
Ho bohlokoa ho tlosa liponto tse eketsehileng 'meleng haeba boima bo phahame haholo ho feta bo tloaelehileng. Ke ho batho ba nang le botenya moo cholesterol e atisang ho phahamisoa hangata. Haeba u leka ho lahleheloa ke 5-10 kg, sena se tla ba le phello e kholo letšoao la cholesterol mme o tsamaise kalafo, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe tlhahlobo ea mali.
Lekola litaba tse tla thusa sesebelisoa sa ho lekanya k'holeseterole.
Ho ikoetlisa le hona ho bohlokoa. E bapala karolo e kholo ho boloka pelo e sebetsa hantle. Ho etsa sena, o ka qala ho matha, ho palama baesekele, ho nka peeletso ho letamong la ho sesa. Kamora ho qala lithuto, tlhahlobo efe kapa efe ea mali e tla bonts'a hore cholesterol ha e sa phahamisoa.
Le ntho ea mantlha e ka nyolohelang litepising (tse holimo hamolemonyana) le ho lema li tla ba le phello e ntle ho 'mele oohle mme haholoholo ho theola cholesterol.
Ho tsuba ho lokela ho tlohelloa hang. Ntle le taba ea hore temallo e lematsa pelo le methapo ea mali, e boetse e phahamisa litekanyetso tsa cholesterol ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng. Kamora lilemo tse 20 le ho feta, tlhahlobo ea litekanyetso tsa cholesterol e lokela ho nkuoa bonyane hanngoe ka lilemo tse 5.
Ts'ebetso e etsoa joang
Pale ea lipoprotein (seo ho thoeng ke tlhahlobo) ke tekanyo ea khoholeho ea cholesterol e felletseng, HDL (lipalo tse phahameng tsa methapo ea kutlo), LDL, VLDL le triglycerides.
Ho etsa hore lintlha li be le sepheo, tlhahlobo e lokela ho etsoa ka mpa e se nang letho. Ka lilemo, tekanyo ea k'holeseterole e fetoha, sekhahla se tla eketseha boemong bofe kapa bofe.
Ts'ebetso ena e bonahala haholo ho basali nakong ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli. Ntle le moo, ho na le tloaelo ea lefutso ea hypercholesterolemia.
Ka hona, ha ho utloe bohloko ho botsa beng ka bona ka matšoao a k'holeseterole (haeba tlhahlobo e joalo e entsoe), ho fumana hore na matšoao ohle a kaholimo ho moetlo.
Haeba boemo ba cholesterol maling bo nyolohile, hona ke ntho e khothalletsang nts'etsopele ea mafu a pelo le pelo. Kahoo, ho fihlela ho fokotseha hoa letšoao lena ho mokuli le ho fana ka kalafo e nepahetseng, ngaka e lokela ho nahanela mabaka ohle, a kenyeletsang:
- khatello e phahameng ea mali
- ho tsuba
- boteng ba lefu la pelo ho beng ka motho ba haufi,
- lilemo tsa mokuli (banna kamora lilemo tse 45, basali kamora lilemo tse 55),
- HDL e fokotsehile (≤ 40).
Bakuli ba bang ba tla hloka kalafo ea bongaka, ke hore, ho beoa ha lithethefatsi tse fokotsang lipids tsa mali. Empa le ha u sebelisa meriana, motho ha aa lokela ho lebala ka ho shebella lijo tse nepahetseng le ho ikoetlisa.
Kajeno, ho na le mefuta eohle ea lithethefatsi tse thusang ho boloka metabolism e nepahetseng ea lipid. Phekolo e lekaneng e tla khethoa ke ngaka - endocrinologist.
Litsela tsa tlhaho tsa ho eketsa cholesterol ea HDL
Mokhoa oa hau oa bophelo o na le phello e le 'ngoe e kholo ho cholesterol ea HDL. Ka hona, ho etsa liphetoho mokhoeng oa hau oa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi le taolo e felletseng ea litloaelo tsa hau, joalo ka tloaelo ea ho ja le ho ikoetlisa, ho ka lebisa maemong a phetseng hantle a lipoprotein tse phahameng, tse ka fokotsang kotsi ea mathata a bophelo a behang bophelo kotsing.
Liphatsa tsa hau tsa lefutso li bapala karolo ea ho tseba hore na 'mele oa hau o hlahisa HDL hantle le mefuta e meng ea cholesterol. U ke ke ua susumetsa mofuta oa hau, empa u ka laola mokhoa oa hau oa bophelo. Mona ke mekhoa e meng e bonolo eo u ka eketsang cholesterol ea hau ea HDL:
Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo - ke eng le maemo a letšoao a joang
Cholesterol, e potoloha ka bolokolohi phallong ea mali, e arotsoe ka likarolo tse peli - "good" (HDL) cholesterol le "mpe" - LDL. Karohano ena e amana le tšobotsi ea mesebetsi le thepa ea mofuta ka mong.
LDL (k'holeseterole e fokolang) e bapala karolo ea boqapi ho theheng liso tsa methapo ea pelo. Limolek'hule tsa karolo ena li tloaelana 'me li theha maqhama pakeng tsa likhoele tsa endothelial. Kahoo ts'ebetso ea sclerosis ea methapo ea methapo e qala, ka mantsoe a mang - atherosulinosis ea hlaha. Ona ke lefu le tšabehang le nyenyefatsang bophelo ba pelo le pelo le ho baka ho otloa ke pelo, stroke, tlhaselo ea ischemic, le aneurysms.
HDL ke "k'holeseterole e ntle" ea mali. E na le lebitso la eona ka thepa. Limolek'hule tsa protheine tse hlahisang HDL li etselitsoe ho tlosa k'holeseterole e ngata lithong tsa litho le marakong a methapo. E le molao, litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa HDL li tlase haholo - ho ts'oaroa ha bona maling ho lokela ho ba maemong ho tloha ho 0.7 ho isa ho 1.94 mmol / l, ka banna le basali.
Ka lintlha tse ling, litloaelo tsa k'holeseterole e nang le thuso li bontšoa ke lilemo tse tafoleng e ka tlase.
HDL e kaholimo ho tloaelehileng - e bolelang. Ho lumeloa hore haeba HDL e fumanoe e le HDL e eketsehileng, menyetla e tsoang tsamaisong ea potoloho e fokotsehile haholo. Leha ho le joalo, moeli o kaholimo oa tloaelo o thehiloe ka lebaka. Le ha keketseho ea HDL ka boeona e se kotsi, e ka supa lits'ebetso tse mpe 'meleng.
Ho eketsa cholesterol e ntle ha ho na seoelo. Mokhelo ke nako ea bokhachane, ha litekanyetso tsohle tsa tlhahlobo ea biochemical ea mali li ka phahama ho feta litšupiso mme li nkuoa e le tloaelo ea mmele e eketsehang. Placenta e na le sebopeho sa cholesterol, ka hona, bakeng sa sebopeho sa eona, liprotheine tse tsamaisang thepa tse ngata haholo tse nang le lipids lia hlokahala. Ntle le moo, tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea lihormone, karolo ea eona eo hape e leng mafura, e lebisa keketseho ea litlhoko tsa bona.
Maemong a mangata a kliniki, haeba HDL cholesterol e phahame, sena se bolela hore menyetla ea atherosulinosis kapa mafu a mang a methapo e tlaase haholo. Tumellanong le sena, lipoprotein tse phahameng li ka ba le lisosa tse mpe tse latelang:
- Botaoa ba joala. Ka lebaka la litlamorao tse chefo ho sebete, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea detoxification ha e na ts'ebetso. HDL e phahamisitsoeng ke e 'ngoe ea mats'oao a ketsahalo ena.
- Biliary cirrhosis.
- Hepatic pathologies - mafura a hepatosis, eo ho eona lits'ebetso tse fetang tekano e le motsoako oa lipoprotein tsa likarolo tsohle.
- Hypercholesterolemia ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ho lefu lena, ho eketseha ha biosynthesis ea likaroloana tse ling tsa lipid, ka hona, ho theha tlhahlobo ea mafu, ho bohlokoa ho se ele hloko feela HDL, empa le lintlha tsohle tse ling tse phahameng tsa profid ea lipid.
- Mathata a amanang le tšoelesa ea qoqotho a sebelisa tšoaetso ea qoqotho.
- Lijo tse se nang phepo - takatso ea lijo tse ngata tse nang le mafura a liphoofolo.
- Ho se sebetse le mokhoa o fosahetseng, o sa pheleng. Limolek'hule tsa chlesterol ke litsi tsa matla a manyane maling. Li tsamaisoa mesifa le litho tse ling tse jang matla. Ha motho a phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše a sa phetse, cholesterol ha e hlokoe lipalo tse teng ka har'a mali. Ka lebaka la ho hloka thuso, ho fetella hona ho ka fetoha karoloana e tlase-ea letsoalo mme ho qala ho tsitsa ho vasot endum ea vascular.
- Ho tsuba
Ho latela lipalo-palo tsa bongaka, keketseho ea HDL hangata e bonts'a khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng le tšebeliso ea mafura a mangata lijong. Khafetsa, lijo li na le li-cholesterol tse tlase le tse phahameng haholo. Ka hona, ka etiology ena, kamora "HDL", cholesterol e "kotsi" le triglycerides maling e ka ameha.
Seo u lokelang ho se etsa le ho fokotsa
Ho latela boleng ba HDL e phahameng feela, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho theha tlhahlobo ea maikutlo kapa ho fana ka litlhahiso. Hoa hlokahala ho bona matšoao ohle a boemo bo phahameng ba lipid - ho kenella litekong tsa mali tsa cholesterol e felletseng, karoloana ea eona e mpe le e ntle, triglycerides, le coheroffe ea atherogenic. Ho latela setšoantšo sa kliniki, ngaka e ka 'na ea fana ka litlatsetso tse itseng.
Lisosa tse tloaelehileng tsa cholesterol e phahameng (HDL) ke lijo tse se nang moeli, ho se ikoetlise le litloaelo tse mpe. E le ho etsa hore profid ea lipid e hlophisehe, o tlameha ho nka khato pele ho etiestate ena ea etiology.
Ho khothalletsoa ho ja lijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi. Lijo tse nang le mafura, likhahla, linoko, linoko, lisakha tse tsubeloang, lijo tse potlakileng le lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse mafura ha li kenyelletsoe mohloling oa tsona. Khetho e fuoa lihlahisoa tsa semela, tse sa ntlafatsang feela boleng ba HDL le LDL, empa hape li nang le litlamorao tse ngata tse ntle ho macroorganism.
HDL e phahameng e ikhethileng ka har'a profid ea lipid ho fihlela litekanyetso tse nepahetseng ha se sesupo sa ho fana ka litlhare mme e fetoloa ka pheko ea phepo. Haeba ho kheloha molemong oa tloaelo ho hoholo mme litekanyetso tse 'maloa tsa lipid li ameha, joale kamora ho buisana, ngaka e ka fana ka litlhare ho tsoa sehlopheng sa li-statins - Rosart, Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin le ba bang.
Taolo ea boemo ba sefahleho ea Lipid ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo bo phetseng hantle, haholoholo ho batho ba baholo. Li-pathologies tse ngata tsa methapo ea pelo le pelo li na le nako ea asymptomatic, e ka fumanoang feela ho latela liteko tsa laboratori. Haeba ho na le matšoao a eketsehang hanyane ho tsona, o lokela ho ikopanya le setsebi hang-hang ho qala kalafo ka nako le ho qoba litlamorao tse mpe.
Tlhaloso ea HDL
Hoo e ka bang 80% ea k'holeseterole e hlahisoa 'meleng, e leng sebete. 20% e setseng e kenelletse ka lijo. Ntho ena e kenyelletsa tlhahiso ea lihormone, sebopeho sa li-membrane tsa sele le li-acid acid. Cholesterol ke ntho e sa qhibilihang ha bonolo ho lino. Tsamaiso ea eona e tsamaisoa ke khetla e thehiloeng, e nang le liprotheine tse khethehileng - li-apolipoprotein.
Khemikhale ena - liprotheine tse nang le cholesterol - e bitsoa lipoprotein. Mefuta e fapaneng ea ntho ena e potoloha ka har'a likepe, tse bōpiloeng ho tsoa linthong tse tšoanang (protheine le cholesterol). Ke boholo ba likarolo feela bo fapaneng.
Ho na le lipoprotein:
- letsoalo le tlase haholo (VLDL),
- letsoalo le tlaase (LDL)
- letsoalo le phahameng (HDL).
Mefuta ea pele e 'meli e na le cholesterol e nyane, e batla e entsoe ka protheine ka botlalo. Ho bolelang ha HDL e theotsoe, o ka buisana le ngaka ea hau. Kaha boholo ba liprotheine tse kopaneng bo feta haholo palo ea cholesterol, ebe HDL e bua ka "cholesterol e ntle."
Morero oa mantlha oa HDL ke ho tsamaisa lipids tse feteletseng ho sebete, ka sepheo sa ho sebetsa hape. Mofuta ona o bitsoa o motle, o nka karolo ea 30% ea cholesterol ea mali. Haeba ka lebaka le itseng LDL e feta HDL, joale sena se koahetsoe ke sebopeho sa litheolelo tsa atherosselotic, tseo, ha li bokelletsoe likepeng, li ka bakang li-pathologies tse kotsi tsa sistimi ea SS, haholo ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho otloa.
Matšoao a tloaelehileng
Maemo a cholesterol a matle a ka fapana ka mabaka a fapaneng. Letšoao le amohelehang la HDL ke motho ka mong maemong ka mong.Haeba HDL e le tlase, ho bolela hore menyetla ea lefu la tsoekere e kang atherosclerosis e phahame haholo.
Ho latela lipalo-palo tse latelang, o ka tseba kotsi ea mafu a CVD:
- HDL ea 1.0 mmol / L ho monna e moholo le 1,3 mmol / L ho basali e bontša kotsi e kholo ea atherosclerosis.
- Matšoao ho baemeli ba halofo e matla ea sechaba le ho basali le bona ke sesupo sa menyetla e tloaelehileng ea ponahalo ea pathology.
- Letšoao la 1.55 mmol / L le supa monyetla o fokolang oa ho qala ha lefu lena.
Mats'oao a amohelehang a k'holeseterole ea LDL ho ngoana ea ka tlase ho lilemo tse 14 ke ea ngoanana ea lilemo - mmol / l, ho monna e monyane - ho mosali ea ka tlase ho lilemo tse 30 - bakeng sa monna oa sehlopha se le seng sa lilemo - basali ba lilemo li - banna - basali ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 40 - banna -
Haeba HDL e theotsoe, ho bolela hore ho na le kotsi ea pathologies ea CVD. Tabeng ena, ho hlokahala ho hlakisa sesosa le ho nka mehato ea ho eketsa k'holeseterole e loketseng.
High Density Cholesterol: Lisosa tsa Ho Fokotseha le Mekhoa ea ho Ts'oara Maemo a HDL
Ho na le mabaka a mangata a etsang hore letšoao la lipoprotein tse phahameng 'meleng le fokotsehe. Mokhoa oa ho phahamisa cholesterol e phahameng haholo (k'holeseterole e ntle, e thusang ho tlosa cholesterol e mpe maling le isibeng), e ka hlahlojoa le ngaka ea hau.
Ho fokotsa k'holeseterole e phahameng haholo ho ka bakoa ke mabaka a latelang:
- Ho ba motenya kapa o motenya haholo. Psychology ena e tsamaisana le ho fokotseha ho hoholo hoa maemo a HDL ka lebaka la liphetoho tse etsahalang ho metabolite ea lipid.
- Lijo tse se nang phepo e ntle le bophelo bo sa sebetseng. Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lijo tse halikiloeng le tse mafura, ho haella ha lijo, ho ja maetong, ts'ebeliso ea lijo tse potlakileng le tse bobebe kapele kapa nako hamorao ho etsa hore li-cholesterol plaque li hlahe ka likepeng le ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha tsona 'meleng. Mokhoa oa bophelo bo tlase o kenyelletsa keketseho ea cholesterol e felletseng maling.
- Ho ba teng ha li-pathologies tse etsahalang ka mokhoa o sa foleng. Li-pathologies tse ling li ka theola boemo ba cholesterol e ntle e phahameng haholo. Ka lebaka la lits'ebetso tsa pathological, ponahalo ea ho se atlehe lits'ebetsong tsa metabolic e bonoa. Ho fokotseha ha mohoele oa ntho ho ka bakoa ke lefu la hepatitis, oncological, mafu a qoqotho le cirrhosis
- Boteng ba lits'ila. Ho pakoa hore tšebeliso e mpe ea joala, joalo ka ho tsuba, e baka ho fokotseha hoa boemo ba cholesterol e ntle maling.
- Ho nka meriana. Batho ba nang le mafu a sa foleng ba tlameha ho noa meriana e fapa-fapaneng bophelo bohle ba bona ho boloka bophelo bo botle le ho thibela mafu ho ata. Lithethefatsi tse ngata tsa sejoale-joale li ama metabolism ea mafura haholo mme li baka ho hlaha ha liphoso. Ho fokotseha hoa khatello ea cholesterol e ntle ho bakoa, joalo ka molao, ka ho nka li-diuretics, anabolic steroids, beta-blockers.
- Hormonal ho leka-lekana. Ho senyeha ha lihormonal nakong ea ho emara ho lebisa ho fokotseha ha mahloreho a HDL. Normalization ea nalane ea lihormone e etsahala selemo kapa tse peli kamora ho hlaha. Ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli ho tsamaisana le ho fokotseha hoa maemo a estrogen. Keketseho ea HDL e itšetlehile ka kotloloho ho estrogen, kaha hormone ena e kenella ho kenyeng k'holeseterole e ntle. Ngaka e ka fana ka kalafo ea li-hormone, haholoholo, ho nka Climodien.
- Ho ba teng ha methapo ea methapo le tsamaiso ea moroto, bokuli ba sebete, joala, khatello ea mali, lefu la tsoekere, maloetse a CVD.
Matšoao a matšoao
Ho kheloha tloaelo ea k'holeseterole e ntle ha ho felle ntle ho tšitiso ea letho. Haeba cholesterol e phahameng haholo e theoleloa, joale sena se bontša ho se sebetse hantle lits'ebetsong tsa metabolic, haholo metabolism ea mafura.
Ho kula ho tsamaea le lipontšo tse joalo:
- ponahalo ea xanthomas (mafura a 'mala o mosehla o mopinki letlalong),
- mahloreho a tlase
- ho senyeha ha mohopolo,
- ho ruruha ha menoana ea lipalo tse holimo le tse tlase,
- arrhythmia (phallo ea pelo le phallo ea pelo)
- ho hema ka thata (ho etsahala ka mor'a ho ikitlaetsa le ka mor'a khatello ea maikutlo).
Ponahalo ea matšoao ana kaofela e bakiloe ke ho fokotseha ha leseli la mokokotlo ka lebaka la sebopeho sa cholesterol plaque ho eona.
Ho fokotseha ha nako e telele maemong a lipids tse ntle ho tletse le ho phatloha ha methapo ea mali. Nakong e tlang, ho senyeha hoa mali likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele hoa khoneha.
Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea HDL le kalafo
Bakeng sa ho etsa hore ho be le mefuta e mengata ea lipids 'meleng, ho fanoa ka litlhare tse latelang:
- Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors: Ezetrol. E thusa ho thibela ho kenngoa ha mafura ka mpeng.
- Li -ququitors tsa bile acid: Cholestyramine, Colestipol. Moriana sehlopheng sena e ntlafatsa motsoako oa li-acid acid ke sebete.
- Fibratov: Clofibrate, Fenofibrate, le Gemfibrozil.
- Maemo: Cerivastatin, Lovastatin, Fluvastatin. Tlatsetsa ho thibelo ea synthesis ea HDL le ho thibeloa ha li-enzymes tse tsamaellanang sebeteng.
Mekha ea k'holeseterole ea mali e lokela ho beoa leihlo khafetsa ke batho ba nang le li-pathologies tsa CCC, boima ba 'mele, botenya, hammoho le ba phelang bophelo bo sa sebetseng, ba tsubang le ho noa joala.
Ho lokela ho utloisisoa hore e le hore ho tsamaise boemo ba k'holeseterole maling, o noe meriana feela.
Pele ho tsohle, batho ba nang le bothata ba tlameha ho fetola tsela eo ba phelang ka eona:
- E-ea bakeng sa lipapali kapa bonyane u ikoetlise. Aerobics, ho baleha, ho sesa, ho hloa kapa ho palama libaesekele - tsena tsohle li tla thusa ho ntlafatsa maemo le bophelo bo botle le ho eketsa HDL.
- Lijo tse nepahetseng le tse loketseng li thusa ho etsa hore cholesterol ea mali e be tse tloaelehileng. Ho kenyelletsoa ho tsoa lijong tsa mafura, tse halikiloeng, tse letsoai, lijo tse nokiloeng ka linoko, lijo tse bobebe, lijo tse fumanehang habonolo le lino tse tahang. Ho ntlafatsa lijo ka lihlahisoa tse nang le lijalo tsa limela - lijo-thollo kaofela, meroho le litholoana ha li na ho thusa feela khalemelong, empa le maemong a HDL a ntseng a eketseha.
- Lingaka le litsebi tsa phepo e ntle li khothaletsa ka matla ho fokotsa lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata, mafura le lik'habohaedreite. Lijo tse joalo li lematsa 'mele, haholo ha li nooa haholo.
- Khaotsa ho tsuba le joala. Ho felisoa ha bokhoba ba lithethefatsi ho thusa ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho bokella cholesterol e ntle.
Thibelo
Ho thibela mathata a bophelo bo botle, haholo-holo ho fokotsa HDL, ho bonolo ho feta ho a phekola kamora nako. Ho thibela ho hlaha ha bokuli, ho khothalletsoa ho ja ka nepo, tlohela mekhoa e mebe, bapala lipapali.
Ho khothalletsoa batho ba seng ba ntse ba sa sebetse hantle ka metabolism ea mafura:
- phekola khatello ea mali, sebelisa meriana e boletsoeng ke ngaka ea hau ka nako e loketseng,
- kamehla noa li-antiplatelet agents, mohlala, acetylsalicylic acid,
- phekola mafu a sa foleng
- ka tloaelo etsa liteko tsa cholesterol,
- sebelisa nicotinic acid
- phela bophelo bo ikhethang bo phetseng hantle.
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL): Hona le mesebetsi ea bona ke efe, lisosa le litlamorao tsa ho hola
Ha ho na kotsi 'meleng ho eketseha ha HDL. Karolo ena ea k'holeseterole e bitsoa "e ntle", ha e lule marakong a methapo ea mali ebile ha e bake tsoelo-pele ea atherosclerosis.
Empa, joalo ka sesupo leha e le sefe, boleng ba HDL bo hloka ho laoloa. Ho kheloha ho ka bontša ho ba teng ha bokuli bo tebileng.
Sengoloa se tla bua ka ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea HDL le mabaka a ho kheloha ha letšoao ho tsoa ho tloaelehileng.
Cholesterol le high density lipoproteins (HDL): ke eng?
Cholesterol - Ena ke mofuta o amohelehang oa mafura bakeng sa 'mele.Ka foromo ena, e kenella linamaleng, 'me e thehoa ho tsoa ho triglycerides - lihlahisoa tsa ho phatloha ha mafura ka mpeng e nyane. Ka 'mele oa motho, cholesterol e etsa mesebetsi e latelang:
Video (tlanya ho bapala). |
- thepa ea kaho, ke karolo ea mabota a sele,
- sebetsanoa le eona liseleng ka ho lokolloa ha matla bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa biochemical,
- e nka karolo litlolong tsa lihormone tsa thobalano (ho banna le basali).
Hoo e ka bang 80% ea ntho e hlahisoa ka har'a sebete. Setho se fetola mafura a kenang hore e be limolek'hule tsa cholesterol. Hoo e ka bang 20% e kena 'meleng ho tsoa ka ntle. Cholesterol e fumaneha ka caviar ea tlhapi, nama e mafura, margarine le lijo tse halikiloeng (ha e sa oli ea meroho ka boeona, empa sebopeho sa eona se etsahala nakong ea ho halika).
Liphetoho tsohle tse tsamaeang le 'mele oa motho li iketsetse. Mmele o boloka sekhahla se amohelehang sa cholesterol le triglyceride maling ka har'a meeli e tloaelehileng, le ha ho khoneha. Mafura a mangata maling a "khethoa" ke li-conglomerates tse ikhethang - lipilisi tse phahameng tsa methapo ea kutlo (HDL, HDL).
Tsena ke likhakanyo tsa liprotheine le limolek'hule tsa mafura. Likotoana tsa mafura li kentsoe mekotleng, holim'a tsona ho na le liprotheine - li-receptor. Li amehile ka lisele tsa sebete 'me ka tsela eo li tsamaisa kokoana-hloko ntle ho tikatiko ho ea moo e eang.
Ho na le likaroloana tse ling tsa cholesterol - LDL le VLDL (lipoprotein tse tlaase le tse tlase haholo). Tsena ke mekotla e ts'oanang, empa ha ba na li-protein receptor. Ka mokhoa ona, k'holeseterole e tsoang ho sebete e namela liseleng. Ke LDL le VLDL tse khangoang ka sekepeng ebe li theha cholesterol plaque. Likhechana tsena li nkoa e le "cholesterol" e mpe.
Sekhahla se kopaneng se khethoa ka foromo ea palo ea lisele tsa mafura ka mokotleng ho ea palo ea liprotheine tse holim 'a eona.
Ka ho eketseha kapa ho fokotseha ha HDL, matšoao a fifalitsoe. Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho tseba ho kheloha ho bona. Liphetho tse tšepahalang li fanoa ke tlhahlobo ea mali ea biochemical. Biomaterial e nkuoa mothapong kapa leheng. Kamora ho etsa lipatlisiso ka laboratoring, profil ea mali e hlophisitsoe (boemo ba litaba tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa limolek'hule tsa mafura). E kenyelletsa: HDL, LDL, VLDL, k'holeseterole e felletseng, triglycerides.
Tlhahlobo e etsoa ka thata ka mpeng e se nang letho, u ke ke ua ja lihora tse 8 pele ho ts'ebetso, nka meriana le eona. Ba ka sotha liphetho. Ho thibetsoe ho noa joala matsatsi a 2 pele ho tlhahlobo.
Ho fetela holimo ha HDL ha ho khethoe feela ka tloaelo ea boleng ba eona. Likaroloana tsohle tsa cholesterol li nahaneloa, 'me index ea atherogenic e baloa. E bonts'a boemo ba metabolism ea lipid ka kakaretso. HDL e tlosoa cholesterol e felletseng. Palo e setseng e arotsoe hape ke HDL. Sena ke sona sephetho. Ke feela kamora ho hlahloba index ea atherogenic moo re ka buang ka ho kheloha ha karoloana e le 'ngoe.
Ho basali le banna, tloaelo ea cholesterol e fapane ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa metabolism le 'mele ka kakaretso. 'Mele oa basali o hloka mafura a mangata, kaha ke motheo oa motsoako oa estrogen (lihormone tsa botona le botšehali).
Ka lilemo, metabolism e ea fokotseha, 'me tloaelo ea HDL ea eketseha. K'holeseterole ea lijo e ntse e sebetsoa butle-butle. HDL e hlokahala haholo ho e tsamaisa le likaroloana tse ling ho isa ho sebete, ho seng joalo ba tla lula maboteng a likepe. Haeba lipoprotein tse phahameng ho motho ea tsofetseng li fokotsehile, menyetla ea ho ba le atherosulinosis e eketseha haholo.
Lethathamo 1. Tloaelo ea HDL ho basali ka lilemo.
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) - ke eng
Ka linako tse ling, ha ho hlahlojoa pono ea lipid, ho fumanoa hore boemo ba HDL bo eketsehile kapa bo fokotsehile: ho bolelang? Thutong ea rona, re tla sekaseka hore na ho na le phapang efe lipakeng tsa lipoprotein tsa boemo bo phahameng le bo tlase, mabaka a ho kheloha ho a hlahlobisisong ea pele ho tsoa ho tloaelo, le hore na ke mekhoa efe ea ho e eketsa e teng.
Cholesterol ke ntho e kang mafura 'meleng oa motho e seng e mpe. Ho na le lithuto tse ngata tsa bongaka mabapi le likotsi tsa motsoako ona o sebetsang. Kaofela ha tsona li tlatsa cholesterol e phahameng ea mali le lefu le matla joalo ka atherosulinosis.
Atherossteosis kajeno ke e 'ngoe ea mafu a atileng ho basali ka mor'a lilemo tse 50 le banna kamora lilemo tse 40. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, psychology e fumanoa ho batho ba bacha esita le bongoaneng.
Atherossteosis e tšoauoa ka ho theoa ha li-cholesterol amana leboteng le kahare la likepe - li-atherosselotic plaque, tse nyenyefatsang haholo leseli la methapo ebe li baka tlolo ea phepelo ea mali ho litho tsa ka hare. Pele ho tsohle, lits'ebetso tse etsang mosebetsi o mongata motsotso o mong le o mong mme li hloka ho kenella khafetsa ka oksijene le limatlafatsi - tsamaiso ea methapo le methapo - lia ameha.
Mathata a tloaelehileng a atherosclerosis ke:
- discirculatory encephalopathy,
- ONMK mofuta oa ischemic - lefu la sethoathoa,
- lefu la pelo, le angina pectoris,
- infarction ea bohlokoahali
- maloetse a potoloha ka har'a lijana tsa liphio, libaka tse tlase.
Hoa tsebahala hore cholesterol e phahameng e bapala karolo e kholo ho theheng lefu lena. Ho utloisisa hore na atherosulinosis e qala joang, ho hlokahala hore u ithute ho eketsehileng ka biochemistry ea motsoako ona o hlophisitsoeng 'meleng.
Cholesterol ke ntho ea sebopeho se kang mafura, ho latela sehlopha sa lik'hemik'hale, se amanang le li-alcohols tse mafura. Ha o bua ka litlamorao tsa eona tse kotsi 'meleng, u se ke oa lebala ka mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea biology eo ntho ena e e etsang:
- e matlafatsa membrane ea cytoplasmic ea sele e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 'mele oa motho, e etsa hore e be bonolo haholo le hore e tšoarelle,
- e laola ho kenella ha marako a lisele, ho thibela ho kenella ha lintho tse chefo le liphooko tsa methapo ea kutlo ho cytoplasm,
- ke karolo ea gland ea adrenal - glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticoids, lihormone tsa thobalano,
- e nka karolo mokhoeng oa li-acid acid le vithamine D ka lisele tsa sebete.
Boholo ba k'holeseterole (hoo e ka bang 80%) e hlahisoa 'meleng ke hepatocytes,' me ke 20% feela e tlang ka lijo.
Lisele tsa semela ha li na lipids tse phetseng hantle, ka hona, li-cholesterol tsohle tsa kantle li kena 'meleng e le karolo ea mafura a liphoofolo - nama, tlhapi, likhoho, lebese le lihlahisoa tsa lebese, mahe.
Cholesterol ea Endo native (intrinsic) e entsoe ka liseleng tsa sebete. E sa kenelle ka metsing, ka hona, e tsamaisoa ho lebisa lisele ka liprotheine tse ikhethileng tsa thepa - li-apolipoprotein. Khemik'hale ea biochemical ea cholesterol le apolipoprotein e bitsoa lipoprotein (lipoprotein, LP). Ho latela boholo le tšebetso, lithethefatsi tsohle li arotsoe ka:
- Lipoprotein tse tlase haholo (VLDL, VLDLP) - karoloana e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea cholesterol, e hlahisang haholo triglycerides. Boholo ba tsona bo ka fihla ho 80 nm.
- Lensity lipoprotein e tlase (LDL, LDL) - karolo ea mafura a liprotheine, e nang le molek'hule ea apolipoprotein le palo e kholo ea cholesterol. Bophara bo boholo ke –18-26 nm.
- High density lipoproteins (HDL, HDL) - karoloana e nyane haholo ea cholesterol, bophara ba ente eo e sa feteng 10-11 nm. Bophahamo ba karolo ea protheine ka sebopeho bo feta haholo mafura.
Li-lipoprotein tse tlaase haholo le tse tlase haholo (LDL - haholo-holo) ke likarolo tsa atherogenic tsa cholesterol. Ho na le likaroloana tsena tse nang le moea o moholo le tse kholo ho tsamaea le likepe tse kenellang, 'me li ka "lahleheloa" ke karolo ea limolek'hule tsa mafura nakong ea ha li fetisetsoa ho litho tsa tsona. Li-lipids tse joalo li lula holim'a lebota le ka hare la methapo ea mali, li matlafatsoa ke lisele tse sebetsanang, ebe li bala, ebe li theha lesela le holileng la atherosselotic. Bakeng sa bokhoni ba bona ba ho qholotsa nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis, LDL le VLDL li bitsoa "cholesterol" e mpe.
Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, li khona ho hloekisa lijana tsa li-amana tsa mafura tse bokellanang holim'a tsona. E nyane ebile e le brisk, e nka likarolo tsa lipid ebe li li isa ho hepatocytes bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea li-acid acid le excretion e tsoang 'meleng ka tšilo ea lijo. Bakeng sa bokhoni bona, cholesterol ea HDL e bitsoa "hantle."
Kahoo, ha se cholesterol eohle e 'meleng e fosahetseng. Monyetla oa ho ba le atherosclerosis ho mokuli ka mong o bontšoa eseng feela ka letšoao la OX (cholesterol e felletseng) tlhahlobong ea mali, empa hape le ka karolelano pakeng tsa LDL le HDL. Ha karolo e hola ea ea pele le e tlase - ea bobeli ke eona e ka eketsang kholo ea dyslipidemia le ho thehoa hoa matlapa a methapo ea methapo ea mali. Kamano e sa lumellaneng e boetse ke 'nete: HDL e ntseng e eketseha e ka nkuoa e le kotsi e tlase ea ho theha lefu la atherosulinosis.
Teko ea mali e ka etsoa e le karolo ea profil ea lipid - tlhahlobo e felletseng ea metabolism ea mafura 'meleng, kapa ka boikemelo. Ho netefatsa hore sephetho sa liteko se ts'epahala ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, bakuli ba lokela ho latela likeletso tsena:
- Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo li hlahlojoa hantle ka mpeng e se nang letho hoseng (ho tloha ho 8,00 ho isa ho 10,00).
- Lijo tsa ho qetela e lokela ho ba lihora tse 10-12 pele ho tlisoa ha biomaterial.
- Matsatsi a 2-3 pele ho tlhatlhobo, kenyeletsa lijong tsohle tse mafura tse halikiloeng.
- Haeba u ntse u e-noa meriana leha e le efe (ho kenyeletsoa livithamini le tlatsetso ea lijo), etsa bonnete ba hore u joetsa ngaka ea hau ka sena. Mohlomong o tla u eletsa hore u se ke oa nooa lipilisi ka matsatsi a 2-3 pele ho tlhahlobo. Haholo-holo e ama litholoana tsa liteko tse nkang lithibela-mafu, lihormone, livithamini, omega-3, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, jj.
- O seke oa tsuba bonyane metsotso e 30 pele o etsa tlhahlobo.
- Pele o kena ka phapusing ea sampole ea mali, lula metsotso e 5-10 sebakeng se khutsitseng 'me u leke ho se tšohe.
Ho fumana boemo ba lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo, hangata mali a nkuoa mothapong. Ts'ebetso ka boeona e nka metsotso e le 'ngoe ho isa ho e meraro, mme phello ea tlhahlobo e tla be e loketse letsatsi le hlahlamang (ka linako tse ling - ka mor'a lihora tse' maloa). Mmoho le data e fumanoeng, litekanyetso (tloaelehileng) boleng bo amoheloang laboratoring ena hangata li bonts'oa foromong ea tlhahlobo. Sena se etsoa molemong oa ho hlopha tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea mali.
Lingaka li khothaletsa ho fana ka mali khafetsa ho fumana cholesterol e felletseng bakeng sa banna le basali bohle ba seng ba le lilemo li 25-35. Leha ho na le liprofayili tse tloaelehileng tsa lipid, tlhahlobo e lokela ho phetoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5.
Mme boemo ba lipoprotein bo phahameng bo lokela ho ba eng ho motho ea phetseng hantle? Tloaelo ho basali le banna karolong ena ea cholesterol e ka fapana. Litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa lipid li hlahisoa tafoleng e ka tlase.
Ho latela setsi sa lipatlisiso sa Nice, ho theoha ha 5 mg / dl ho litekanyetso tsa lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo ho eketsa kotsi ea koluoa e mpe ea vascular (lefu la pelo, stroke) ka 25%.
Ho lekola kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la atherosclerosis, hammoho le mathata a lona a hlobaetsang le a sa foleng, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka karolelano ea lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo ho cholesterol e felletseng.
Haeba HDL e theotsoe ka lebaka la lipids tse phahameng tsa atherogenic, mohlomong mokuli o se a ntse a e-na le lipontšo tsa atherossteosis. Ha a ntse a phatlalatsoa ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane dyslipidemia, ho sebetsa le ho feta ke ho thehoa ha cholesterol plaque 'meleng.
Keketseho ha e fumanoe khafetsa. Taba ke hore ha ho na khokahano e ngata ea karoloana ena ea cholesterol: li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo 'meleng, li fokotsa menyetla ea ho ba le lefu la atherosclerosis.
Maemong a ikhethang, likhathatso tse tebileng ho metabolism ea mafura lia hlokomeloa, 'me HDL e eketseha haholo. Lisosa tsa boemo bona ke:
- lefu le lefu la lefutso,
- hepatitis e sa foleng
- liphetoho tsa cirrhotic ka har'a sebete,
- botahoa bo sa feleng
- bokhoba ba joala.
Maemong ana, ho bohlokoa ho qala kalafo ea lefu lena le tlase.Mehato e tobileng e etselitsoeng ho theola boemo ba HDL ka har'a meriana ha e so hlahisoe. Ke karoloana ena ea cholesterol e khonang ho hlakola lijana tsa polasetiki le ho netefatsa thibelo ea atherosclerosis.
Maemo a tlase a HDL 'meleng a atile haholo ho feta a phahameng. Ho kheloha ha tlhahlobo ho tloha ho tloaelehileng ho ka bakoa ke:
- lefu la tsoekere, hypothyroidism le mafu a mang a li-hormone,
- mafu a sa foleng a sebete: hepatitis, cirrhosis, kankere,
- lefu la liphio
- lefutso (lefutso le khetholloang) ka mofuta oa IV hyperlipoproteinemia,
- mekhoa ea tšoaetso e mpe
- ho ja ka bongata likarolo tse nyane tsa cholesterol ka lijo.
Ho bohlokoa ho felisa lisosa tse teng mme, haeba ho khonahala, ho phahamisa khatello ea cholesterol ea HDL boemong bo nepahetseng. U ka etsa sena joang, nahana ka karolo e ka tlase.
Ho a khonahala ho eketsa litaba tsa lipoprotein tse phahameng maling haeba karolo ea methapo e nkuoa ho lokisa mokhoa oa ho ja, mokhoa oa bophelo le ho nolofatsa boima ba 'mele. Haeba dyslipidemia e ne e bakoa ke lefu lefe kapa lefe la litho tsa ka hare, lisosa tsena li lokela ho felisoa haeba ho khoneha.
Mokhoa oa bophelo ke ntho ea pele eo bakuli ba nang le HDL e tlase ba lokelang ho e ela hloko. Latela likeletso tsa lingaka:
Mme ehlile, etela ngaka ea hau khafetsa. Mosebetsi o kopaneng le setsebi sa bophelo bo botle o tla thusa ho fokotsa metabolism e senyehileng ka potlako le ka botlalo. Se ke oa hlokomoloha ponahalo e laetsoeng ke setsebi sa tlhahlobo ea bongaka, nka liteko makhetlo a 1 ka likhoeli tse 3-6 mme u hlahlobe methapo ea pelo le boko ha ho bonahala matšoao a lekaneng a mali ho litho tsena.
Phepo e nepahetseng le eona e bohlokoa bakeng sa dyslipidemia. Melao-motheo ea phepo e nepahetseng e ka eketsang boemo ba HDL e kenyeletsa:
- Lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng (ho fihlela makhetlo a 6 ka letsatsi), ka likarolo tse nyane.
- Likahare tsa likhalori tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa lijo li lokela ho lekana ho khutlisa litšenyehelo tsa matla, empa eseng haholo. Boleng bo tloaelehileng bo maemong a 2300-2500 kcal.
- Palo eohle ea mafura a kenang 'meleng ho pholletsa le letsatsi ha ea lokela ho feta 25-30% ea kakaretso ea khalori. Ho tsena, boholo ba tsona bo khothalletsoa hore bo fuoe mafura a sa koahelang (cholesterol e tlase).
- Ho kenyelletsoa ha lijo tse nang le "cholesterol" e mpe haholo: lore, mafura a nama ea khomo, kelello: bokong, liphio, mefuta e fapaneng ea chisi, margarine, oli ea ho pheha.
- Tekanyetso ea lihlahisoa tse nang le LDL. Kahoo, mohlala, nama le likhoho tse nang le phepo ea hypocholesterol li khothalletsoa hore li se ke tsa hlola li feta makhetlo a 2-3 ka beke. Ho molemo ho e nkela sebaka ka liprotheine tsa boleng bo phahameng - linaoa, linaoa.
- Ho ja ka botlalo fiber. Litholoana le meroho e lokela ho ba motheo oa bakuli ba atherosclerosis. Li na le phello e molemo tšebetsong ea ts'ebetso ea mokokotlo mme li ama ka kotlolloho tlhahiso ea HDL sebeteng.
- Ho kenyelletsoa lijong tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa bran: oat, rye, jj.
- Ho kenyelletsoa phepelong ea lijo tse eketsang maemo a HDL: litlhapi tsa leoatle tse nang le mafura, linate, oli ea limela tsa tlhaho - mohloaare, soneblomo, peo ea mokopu, jj.
HDL e ka hlahisoa hape ka li-addithine tse sebetsang tsa bioloji tse nang le mafura a omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids a nang le "kantle" k'holeseterole e ntle.
Ho latela lipalo-palo, baahi ba lefatše ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse fetang 25 ba na le lilemo tse fetang 40 ba tšoeroe ke lefu la ho ruruha. Ho tloha selemo le selemo, ts'oaetso e ntse e eketseha har'a bacha ba lilemo tse 25-30. Ho sitisoa ha metabolism ea mafura ke bothata bo tebileng bo hlokang mokhoa o kopaneng le kalafo e tlang ka nako. Mme liphetoho tse teng maemong a HDL liphatlalatsong ha lia lokela ho hlokomeloa ke setsebi.
Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo li potoloha lero la mali. Thepa ea bona ea mantlha ke anti-atherogenic. Ke li-lipoprotein tsena tse sirelletsang likepe hore li se ke tsa hlahisoa ke li-atherosselotic plaque maboteng a tsona.Bakeng sa thepa ena, bona (HDL) ba bitsoa cholesterol e ntle, kaha ba boetse ba tlosa cholesterol e ngata ka ho e isa ho sebete. Bakuli ba bang ba tšoenyehile hore cholesterol ea HDL e phahamisitsoe ke liteko tsa mali. Sena ke 'nete haholo ho batho ba nang le mathata tsamaisong ea methapo ea pelo, haholo, ba nang le kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le lefu la atherosclerosis.
HDL e fana ka ts'ebetso le ho felisoa ha mafura 'meleng, ka hona a bitsoa cholesterol e ntle.
Litaba tsa LDL le k'holeseterole e felletseng le tsona lia hlahlojoa. Ho bohlokoa ho tseba ka lebaka la hore na dikarolwana tsa lipoproteins tsa cholesterol e eketseha hakae, kapa hore na e entsoe ka lipalo life tse tloaelehileng.
Ho fumana boleng ba k'holeseterole le lipoprotein tsa methapo e mengata, mali a tsoa mothapong hoseng, ka mpeng e se nang letho. Ho latela liphetho tsa liteko tsa laboratori, ho thehoa profid ea lipid e nang le khatello ea mali maling a cholesterol e ngata, e phahameng, e tlase haholo ebile e tlase haholo, hammoho le triglycerides. Matšoao ohle a hlahlojoa pele a sa ikemisetsa, 'me a kopane hammoho.
Ho utloisisa sehlooho, pele ho tsohle, ho bohlokoa ho ithuta hore na atherosclerosis ke eng. Mahlale, ona ke lefu le nang le methapo le bakoang ke metabolism e sa sebetseng ea lipid le protheine, e tsamaeang le ho bokellana ha cholesterol le likaroloana tse ling tsa lipoprotein bokong ba methapo ea mali ka tsela ea liathomete tsa methapo. Ka mantsoe a mang, tsena ke li-cholesterol le lintho tse ling tse leboteng la sekepe, li fokotsa ho kenella ha tsona. Ka lebaka leo, phallo ea mali e ntse e mpefala. Ho fihlela ho qeta blockage. Maemong ana, mali ha a kene kahare ho litho kapa maoto le necrosis lia tsoa - necrosis.
Lits'oaetso tsa cholesterol le lipids marakong a methapo ea mali li lebisa ho atherosulinosis.
Li-lipoprotein tsohle ke mekhahlelo e arohaneng ea methapo e mengata, e potoloha ka bolokolohi maling. Li-lipids tse fokolang haholo ha li na letho le leholo haholo (ka tlhaho, ka seleng ea sele) hoo li sitoang ho phunya lebota la methapo. Ho bokellana ha ho etsahale ebile atherosulinosis e hlalositsoeng kaholimo ha e hlahe. Empa ho bohlokoa ho hopola hore haeba u li eketsa, joale nts'etsopele ea manyeme, e leng lefu la manyeme, e ka etsahala.
Li-lipids tse fokolang feela tse tlase li khona ho kenella leboteng la sejana. Ho feta moo, ka tlhoko ea litho tsa 'mele ho tsona, lipids li fetela ka har'a artery ho ea pele, e bitsoang "atereseng". Haeba ho sa hlokahale, 'me khatello ea mali e phahame, joale LDL e kenella ka leboteng ebe e lula ho eona. Ho feta moo, mekhoa e sa rateheng ea oxidative e etsahala e leng sesosa sa atherosclerosis.
HDL ke eona e nyane ka ho fetisisa lipids tsena. Monyetla oa bona o ka taba ea hore ba ka kenella habonolo ka leboteng la lijana ebe ba li tlohela habonolo. Ntle le moo, li na le phello ea antioxidant, e sitisang ts'ebetso ea ho fetola lipids tsa methapo e tlase ho li-plagi tsa atherosselotic.
LDL cholesterol e nkuoa e le "mpe", hobane ka bongata ba eona maboteng a methapo ea mali ho na le lipalo tse ka thibelang phallo ea mali ka har'a sejana, tse sokelang atherosulinosis mme tsa eketsa kotsi ea lefu la pelo (lefu la coronary, lefu la pelo) le stroke
Joale ho hlakile hore na ke hobaneng ha lipids tse phahameng haholo hangata li bitsoa cholesterol e ntle kapa e molemo. Ho boetse ho hlakile hore na ke hobaneng ha ho sa lokela ho lekola k'holeseterole e felletseng feela, empa le likarolo tsa eona.
Leha ho le joalo, u se ke ua tšoha ha u bala mochine o kaholimo. Sena ha se bolele hore li-lipoleiti li lula li le ka sekepeng, 'me ho phatloha ha tsona ke taba ea nako feela. Ka tloaelo, methapo ea tsamaiso ea lipid e sebetsa khafetsa. Ke feela ka lilemo, ha ho e-na le mokhoa o fosahetseng oa bophelo kapa ka li-pathologies tse fapaneng, ts'ebetso ena e senyehile. Ho eketseha ha ho hlahe ka nako e ts'oanang, ka metsotso kapa lihora, empa ho e-na le nako e telele. Empa u se ke oa lieha kalafo.
Ho ka boleloa ka polokeho hore boemo bo tlase ba lipoprotein tsena bo kotsi ho feta boemo bo phahameng. Haeba HDL e phahame tekong ea mali, keketseho ea bona e nkuoa e le tšireletso khahlanong le atherosclerosis, ntho ea antiatherogenic. Ntle ho pelaelo, tlasa maemo a itseng, lipalo-palo tse fetisitsoeng tsa pontšo ena li ka baka ho tšoenyeha, ka lipalo tse phahameng haholo, lipoprotein tse phahameng li lahleheloa ke thepa ea tsona ea tšireletso.
Keketseho ea maemo a HDL ha e kotsi!
Mabaka a ho eketsa sekhahla sa karoloana ena ea lipoprotein ke a latelang:
- Phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e hlahisang tlhahiso e ngata kapa ea fokotseho ea tlhahiso ea k'holeseterole e ntle.
- Bokhoba ba tahi bo sa foleng, haholo sethaleng sa cirrhosis.
- Biliary cirrhosis ea mantlha.
- Hyperthyroidism
- Ho nwa meriana e itseng: insulin, glucocorticoids.
- Lelapa hyperalphapipoproteinemia. Ha e tsamaee le matšoao leha e le afe, mokuli ha a tšoenyehe ka letho, o hlaha ka leseli joalokaha eka o fumane ka phoso.
- Mohlomong keketseho ea basali ba itokiselitseng ho ba mme. Sena ke nnete haholo moimana oa morao, ha sekhahla se ka batla se imena habeli.
Cholesterol e phahameng nakong ea kemolo e amahanngoa le taba ea hore 'meleng ho na le keketseho ea metabolism ea lipid le ho hlophisoa ha lihormone ke litšoelesa tsa adrenal
Mabaka a litaba tse tlase tsa HDL:
- Lefu la tsoekere.
- Hyperlipoproteinemia mofuta oa IV.
- Mathata a liphio le sebete.
- Mafu a tsoang ka bongata ba vaerase le baktheria.
U hloka ho utloisisa hore letšoao le le leng la HDL ha se bopaki ba seo kapa boemo ba 'mele. E ka tsotelloa feela ha e bapisoa le boemo ba cholesterol e felletseng le LDL.
Sena se hlahisoa, pele ho tsohle, ho seo ho thoeng ke bokhoni ba atherogenic. E baloa ho latela foromo e latelang: cholesterol e phahameng haholo e tlosoa cholesterol e felletseng, ebe palo e hlahang e arotsoe hape ka HDL. Cheffiti e hlahang e bapisoa le boleng bo tloaelehileng. Ka karolelano, ha ea lokela ho ba holimo ho banna ba 2,5,3,5 ho banna (ho latela lilemo) mme ha e phahame ho feta basali ba basali ba basali ba ka tlase ho 2.2. Ha motho a e-na le matla a lekaneng a lekaneng, a ipeha kotsing ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la pelo. Ha u sheba moralo o bonolo oa lipalo, u ka utloisisa hore ha k'holeseterole e phahame le lipoprotein tse fokolang, molemong oa tšebeliso ea matla o tla eketseha, 'me ka lehlakoreng le leng. Eo e boetse e paka tšebetso ea ts'ireletso ea liprotheine tse phahameng haholo. Ka hona, haeba ka bobeli cholesterol le HDL li phahame, sena se bolela hore ka kakaretso coeff lekaneng e tla ba tlase, empa ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka ho fokotsa dikahare tsa cholesterol ea mali. Haeba HDL e phahame feela, sena se bolela hore ha ho na lebaka la ho tšoenyeha.
Ha ho khonehe ho kopanya liprotheine tse phahameng le tse tlase ka ho lekana. Li hlahlojoa ntle le tse ling.
Haeba mabaka a keketseho ea lipoprotein tse phahameng a lula a sa tsejoe mme ho na le thabo bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba hau, joale o lokela ho etela ngaka ea hau. Sena se bohlokoa haeba mali a nehetsoe, ka mohlala, joalo ka karolo ea tlhahlobo ea bongaka kapa ka lebaka lefe kapa lefe le sa amaneng ka kotloloho le ho ea ngakeng bakeng sa mathata le tsamaiso ea pelo.
Se ke oa tšoenyeha haeba ngaka e fana ka mekhoa e meng ea tlhatlhobo. Li hlokahala feela bakeng sa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea lisosa tsa liphetoho lipalo tsa mali.
Libeke tse peli pele ho thuto, ho hlokahala hore ho hlakoloe lithethefatsi tse fokotsang boemo ba lipids maling, haeba sepheo e se ho tseba hore na phello ke efe ea kalafo ka lithethefatsi tsena.
Litlhahiso tsa ngaka li tla ba le maikutlo a bonolo, empa a bohlokoa haholo. Ho qala feela, o lokela ho fokotsa ho kenella ha mafura, haholo-holo, mafura a tletse ka botoro, mafura, mafura a likonyana, margarine le lihlahisoa tse ling tse 'maloa. Li lokela ho nkeloa sebaka ke mafura a polyunsaturated, a kenyelletsang oli ea mohloaare, litlhapi tsa salmon le tse ling. Haeba o nonne ho feta tekano, o lokela ho e lahla. Sena se fumanoa ka ho fetola phepo e nepahetseng le ho eketsa boikoetliso ba 'mele.Leka ho tlohela ho itlopa joala haholo 'me u khaotse ho tsuba ka ho felletseng.
Litlhahiso tsena li lokela ho lateloa ke batho ba nang le lipalo tse tloaelehileng tsa mali, empa ba sa batle mathata nakong e tlang.
Haeba matšoao a feta ka mekhoa e lumellehang, ho ka fanoa ka kalafo ea lithethefatsi. Empa katleho ea eona e tla ba makhetlo a mangata e phahame hape e ipehile ka litlhahiso tse kaholimo.
Keketseho ea cholesterol ea mali, hammoho le likaroloana tsa eona tse itseng, qalong li ka bonahala li le kotsi. Empa seke oa tšoenyeha le ho tšoha pele ho nako.
Ha HDL cholesterol e phahama mme e bolelang
Phekolo ea hoo e batlang e le maemo ohle a pelo le methapo ea methapo ea methapo ha e felle ntle le ho hlahloba mahlakore a mangata a cholesterol. Ka linako tse ling ho hlahlojoa ha methapo ea lipid ea mali ho bontša: cholesterol ea HDL e phahame. Se se bolelang?
Taba e nang le mabaka ke hore li-lipoprotein tse phahameng li thibela nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis. Empa boholo ba lipoprotein tse fokolang tsa letsoalo bo eketsa menyetla ea ho otloa ke pelo, stroke, le ho sitisa tšebetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, phetoho ea maemo a HDL kaholimo ho tloaelehileng e ka supa mathata a tebileng a bophelo bo botle.
Hoa tsebahala hore cholesterol e bapala likarolo tse ngata tsa bohlokoa 'meleng. Ntle le ntho ena, ts'ebetso ea sele efe kapa efe e phelang ha e khonehe. Cholesterol e kenella ho kenngoeng ha lihormone tse ling (testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, cortisol), ergocalciferol (vithamine D), hammoho le acid acid. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho na le data e ngata mabapi le litlamorao tse mpe tsa k'holeseterole 'meleng.
Lisosa tsa litlamorao tse mpe tsa k'holeseterole li kahara sebopeho sa eona le khatello ea mali maling. Ntho ha e na sebopeho ha e na sebopeho, empa e kenyelletsa lipoprotein tse phahameng, lipoprotein tse tlaase le tse tlase haholo. Ho feta moo, lihlahisoa tsa triglycerides le cholesterol oxidation - li-oxysterols - li ka potoloha maling. Ho fumanoe hore LDL, li-oxysterols le li-triglycerides ke karolo e sebetsang ho theheng lipalo tsa atheromatous.
Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo li fetisetsa k'holeseterole ho sebete ho ea sebetsa hape. Ha HDL e le boemong bo holimo, ba etsa mosebetsi oa bona hantle, ba thibela ho behoa ha litheolelo kahare ho likepe. Sena se bolela hore cholesterol e "ntle" e thibela nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis.
Boemo bo fapane le li-lipoprotein tse tlaase tse kenang. Metsoako ea bona e tsamaisa cholesterol liseleng le methapong ea mali. LDL hape ke sesebelisoa sa ho qala ha tlhahiso ea lihormone, vithamine D. Haeba boemo ba lipoprotein tse fokolang bo ba bo phahameng haholo ho feta bo tloaelehileng, karolo e ngata ea cholesterol e qala ho hlasela marako a arterial, e etsa li-plaques tsa atherosselotic. Boemo bona bo lebisa ho fokotseha ha lumen ea methapo ea mali le nts'etsopele ea ischemic pathologies (lefu la pelo, stroke).
"E ntle" le "e mpe" cholesterol 'meleng e amana haufi. Ho boima ba lipoprotein tse boima ba limolek'hule le k'holeseterole e ntle e tsoang LDL. Haeba boemo ba "cholesterol" e mpe "maling bo theoha ho feta bo tloaelehileng, bo khaotsa ho tla ka lijo, sebete se qala ho e kopanya ka mafolofolo. Ho fokotseha ha mahloriso a HDL maemong a tšoanang ho lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis.
Triglycerides, ho ba mohloli oa matla 'meleng, hammoho le lipoprotein tse fokolang tsa methapo e ka ama sebopeho sa li-plaques tsa atherosselotic. Boemo bona bo hlaha boemong ba ha khatello ea mafura maling e phahame ho feta e tloaelehileng, 'me "cholesterol" e ntle, ka lebaka la litaba tsa eona tse tlase, e khaotsa ho etsa mosebetsi oa phetisetso ea LDL.
Keketseho ea triglycerides e etsahala ka tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lijo tse nang le mafura a liphoofolo.
Ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse nang le lihormone, hammoho le palo e kholo ea ascorbic acid, e eketsa boemo ba li-triglycerides maling, e leng se khothalletsang nts'etsopele ea thrombosis, atherosclerosis.
Li-Ostersterols ke karolo ea metsoako e mahareng e thehiloeng nakong ea ho kopana ha li-acid acid, lihormone tsa li-steroid. Leha ho le joalo, li-oxysterols, tse kenang 'meleng ka lijo, li kotsi haholo methapong ea mali. Metsoako ena e khona ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho theha li-plaque tsa atherosselotic. Li-Ostersterols li fumaneha ka bongata ka li-yolks tsa mahe, nama e halikiloeng, tlhapi le phofo ea lebese le botoro e qhibilihileng.
Ka tloaelo, tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa likaroloana tsa cholesterol le triglycerides e laeloa ke ngaka ho fumana sesosa sa khatello e phahameng ea mali, ka methapo ea pelo, endocrine, nakong ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa lihormone. Tlhahlobo ea k'holeseterole ha e eo sebakeng sa banna ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 35, le bakeng sa basali ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 40.
Pele ho thuto, ha ho khothalletsoe matsatsi a 'maloa ho ja lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata. Tlhahlobo e etsoa ka mpeng e se nang letho. Ho ikoetlisa, khatello ea maikutlo le ho tsuba pele u nka mali bakeng sa cholesterol e sotha litholoana tsa thuto.
Ho tseba hore na k'holeseterole e ama bophelo ba motho hampe hakae, ho hlokahala hore ho sekasekoe likarolo tse 'maloa. Ena ke boemo ba k'holeseterole e felletseng, triglycerides, hammoho le khatello ea mali le HDL le LDL maling. Bakeng sa banna le basali ba lilemo tse fapaneng, litloaelo tsa matšoao li tla fapana.
Tlhaloso le tlhahlobo ea data e fumanoeng nakong ea tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa lipids e etsoa ke ngaka e nahanang ka lilemo le bong ba motho. Ho na le litekanyetso tse itseng tsa litaba tsa k'holeseterole e felletseng, LDL, HDL, triglycerides bakeng sa basali le banna. Sengoloa sa tlhahlobo se lokela ho kenyelletsa index ea atherogenic. Letšoao lena le bolela lipakeng tsa lipoprotein tse phahameng le tse tlase. Ka mantsoe a mang, cholesterol e "ntle" e hlola joang "e mpe".
Ka linako tse ling, profid ea lipid (tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa mafura) e fetoha e mpe ka tlasa ts'usumetso ea maemo a mmele. Ho banna, cholesterol le triglycerides li angoa haholo ke lilemo. Ho basali, matšoao a "cholesterol" e mpe "le lipids a eketseha nakong ea kemolo, kamora ho qaleha ha ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli. Li-lipoprotein tse fokolang le li-triglycerides li phahame ho feta tse tloaelehileng maemong a sithabetsang, ho eketsa ho ikoetlisa.
Tlhahlobo ea lipid ea mali e tlameha ho kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseling ho cholesterol e felletseng. Litloaelo tsa letšoao lena lia fapana ho latela lilemo le bong ba motho. Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole hangata e phahame ho batho ba tsofetseng mme e ka fihla ho 6.5-7 mmol / litha. Ho basali, boemo ba cholesterol hangata bo phahame ha bo bapisoa le ba bong bo fapaneng. Ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha khatello ea cholesterol ho bonoa nakong ea ts'ebetso, ka infarction ea myocardial, tšoaetso e matla ea baktheria.
Letšoao le latelang le kopantseng, le kenyelletsang tlhahiso ea profid ea lipid, ke lipoprotein tse tlase. Ka khatello e eketsehileng ea LDL, kotsi ea ho ba le li-pathologies tse matla tsa vascular, ischemia le atherosclerosis ea eketseha.
Ho banna, litloaelo tsa dikahare tsa lipoprotein tsa maemo a tlase ho isa ho lilemo tse mashome a mararo lia theoloa ha li bapisoa le lithaka tsa bong bo fapaneng. Letšoao lena le tloha ho 1.6 mmol / litha ho bashanyana ba lilemo li 5-10 ho isa ho 4,27 mmol / litha ho banna ba lilemo li mashome a mararo. Ho basali, litekanyetso tsa LDL butle-butle li eketseha ho tloha 1.8 mmol / litha ka nako ea lilemo tse hlano ho isa ho 4,25 mmol / litha ho 30.
Joale, ho fihlela lilemo tse mashome a mahlano, maemo a LDL a phahame hanyane ho banna ho feta ho basali ba nako e ts'oanang ea bophelo mme a fihla ho 5.2 mmol / litha.Khokahano e kholo ea "cholesterol" e mpe e tlalehiloe kamora lilemo tse 55 mme e nkuoa kahare ho tekanyo e tloaelehileng ho fihlela ho 5.7 mmol / litre ha a le lilemo li mashome a supileng.
Tlhahlobong ea mali bakeng sa cholesterol, sesupo sa boemo ba lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo se lokela ho bonahala. Ha e le molao, khatello ea HDL e batla e le tlase haholo 'me e lokela ho ba maemong a 0.7-1.94 mmol / litha bakeng sa banna kapa basali ba lilemo tse fapaneng. Boemo bo tlase ba lipoprotein hoo e batlang e bolela hore menyetla ea ho ba le methapo ea pelo le methapo ea mali e eketseha.
Ho lumeloa hore ha palo e phahameng ea letšoao la lipoprotein e phahameng, e tla ba hantle ho feta e tla ama boemo ba bophelo ba motho. Ehlile, boemo bo phahameng ba HDL bo thibela ho etsoa ha litheolelo tsa atherosulinotic. Le ha ho le joalo, datha e phahameng ho lipoprotein tse phahameng e ka supa mafu a tebileng.
Hoa tsebahala hore lefu la lefu la sebete le sa foleng le sa foleng, ho thatafala ha sebete, ho tahoa nako e telele, ho noa joala nako e telele ho ka eketsa khatello ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo. Ke kahoo, ha ho etsoa tlhahiso ea profid ea lipid, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko matšoao a HDL a morao.
Ho latela atherogenicity, o ka lekola likotsi tsa 'nete tsa atherosclerosis. Katleho ea atherogenicity e hlalosoa e le phapang lipakeng tsa cholesterol e felletseng le mahloriso a HDL a arotsoe ke palo ea lipoprotein tse phahameng. Ha motho a e-na le matla a eketsehileng a ho ba le ts'oaetso ea methapo ea pelo, ho otloa ke pelo, stroke le khatello ea mali haholo.
Meeli e lumellehang ea atherogenic bakeng sa bacha e tsoa ho 3. Kamora lilemo tse mashome a mararo, atherogenicity e ka fihla ho 3.5, mme ka botsofaling - 7.0.
Lijana li kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le lefu la atherosclerosis haeba khatello ea li-triglycerides maling e phahame. Ho basali, pontšo ena ka tloaelo e fapana ho tloha ho 0,4 ho isa ho 1,6 mmol / litha, mme ho banna e lokela ho ba maemong a 0.5-2.8 mmol / litha. Boemo ba triglycerides bo fokotsehile haeba ho e-na le bothata ba ho se sebetse hantle ha sebete, mafu a pulmonological, khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng. Mabaka a ho eketseha ha khatello ea triglycerides a kanna a amahanngoa le lefu la tsoekere, vaerase kapa tšenyo ea sebete sa joala.
Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa cholesterol e lumella ngaka ho thibela nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis, khatello ea mali, le ho thibela ho hlaha ha lefu la pelo le stroke. Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho ntlafatsa data ea profid ea lipid. Pele ho tsohle, o lokela ho tlohela ho lemalla tahi ea nicotine, u se ke ua sebelisa lino tse tahang hampe, 'me u itloaetse ho ikoetlisa ka tsela e loketseng. Ho bohlokoa ho ja lijo tse nang le "cholesterol" e ntle, bongata ba pectin, bonyane ba mafura le lik'habohaedreite.
Ho fokotsa atherogenicity, ngaka e ka fana ka litlhare tse khethehileng: li-statin, li-fibrate, li-antioxidants, hammoho le lithethefatsi ho etsa hore ts'ebetso ea sebete e sebetse. Ka linako tse ling, e le ho fokotsa sekhahla sa "cholesterol" e mpe, ho hlokahala hore o hane ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse nang le lihormone. Tsamaiso ea boemo bo tloaelehileng ba boemo ba kelello hape e kenya letsoho ntlafatsong ea boemo ba lipid. Ho bohlokoa ho jara boikarabello bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba hau mme nako le nako, hammoho le ngaka ea hau, hlahloba ho teba ha cholesterol maling.
Evsyukova I.I., Kosheleva N.G. Diabetes mellitus. Baimana le baimana, Miklos -, 2009. - 272 c.
Okorokov A.N. Tlhahlobo ea mafu a litho tsa ka hare. Karolo ea 4: Tlhahlobo ea mafu a tsamaiso ea mali, Lingoliloeng tsa bongaka - M., 2011. - 504 c.
Gurvich, Mikhail Lijo tsa lefu la tsoekere / Mikhail Gurvich. - M: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 288 leq.
E re ke itsebise. Lebitso la ka ke Elena. Ke qetile lilemo tse fetang 10 ke sebetsa ke le setsebi sa endocrinologist. Ke lumela hore hajoale ke setsebi lebaleng la ka mme ke batla ho thusa baeti bohle ba sebakeng sena ho rarolla mesebetsi e rarahaneng eseng joalo.Lisebelisoa tsohle tsa sebaka sena sa marang-rang li bokelloa ebe li sebetsoa ka hloko e le hore li fetise litaba tsohle tse hlokahalang ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Pele o sebelisa se hlalosoang webosaeteng, ho hlokahala tumellano ea ho buisana le litsebi kamehla.
1. Khaotsa ho tsuba (haeba ua tsuba)
Ho tsuba ho lebisa nts'etsong ea maloetse a fapakaneng, ho kenyeletsa le lisosa tsa mafu a litho tse fetang 15 tsa pelo, pelo le methapo ea mali, mafu a matšoafo, mafu a mokhoa oa ho ikatisa, joalo-joalo. Ho feta moo, ho tsuba ho ka ba le phello e mpe boemong ba lipoprotein tse phahameng tsa mmele oa hau. Boithuto bo bontša hore ho tsuba ho fokotsa HDL hape ho eketsa kotsi ea lefu la pelo. E le ho qoba nts'etsopele ea maloetse a pelo le methapo ea methapo, litsebi li khothaletsa ho tsuba ho khaotsa ho tsuba.
2. Ho ikoetlisa haholoanyane
Bakeng sa ho boloka mmele oa hau o phetse hantle, o hloka ho eketsa boikoetliso ba hau ba letsatsi le letsatsi, haholo haeba o phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše. Keketseho ea mesebetsi ea 'mele ka kotloloho e thusa ho eketsa boemo ba "cholesterol" e ntle ea HDL, e leng e' ngoe ea melemo e mengata ea ho bapala lipapali. Boikoetliso ba aerobic ke khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho phahamisa cholesterol ea HDL. Tsena li kenyeletsa:
- ho tsamaea
- e mathang
- ho sesa
- lihlopha tsa motjeko
- ho potoloha
- lipapali tse sebetsang (bolo ea maoto, volleyball, basketball, handball, tennis, jj)
Fokotsa boima ba 'mele
Haeba hona joale o nonne haholo kapa o motenya haholo, ho theola boima ba 'mele ka liponto tse seng kae ho ka ntlafatsa maemo a k'holeseterole ea HDL. Ho fokotseha ha boima ba 'mele bakeng sa lik'hilograma tse ling le tse ling ho lebisa ho eketseha ha boemo ba lipoprotein tse phahameng ka 1 milligram ka decilita e le ngoe.
4. Ja lijo tse phetseng hantle
E le ho eketsa HDL le k'holeseterole e felletseng, o lokela ho qoba ho ja mafura, ao hangata a fumanoang limarateng tse thata, thepa e halikiloeng le lijo tse halikiloeng tse halikiloeng. Khetho e lokela ho fanoa ho ho ja mafura a phetseng hantle a li-avocado le oli ea avocado, oli ea mohloaare, linate le tlhapi e nang le mafura. Mafura a phetseng hantle a thusa ho leka-lekanya cholesterol ea LDL ka ho e theola le ho eketsa cholesterol ea HDL, ka hona e kenya letsoho bophelong bo botle ba pelo.
Fokotsa tšebeliso ea hau ea lik'habohaedreite tse hloekisitsoeng
Lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ntlafalitsoeng tse kang bohobe bo tšoeu, raese e tšoeu, bijoux, tsoekere, jj., Li na le phello e mpe boemong ba hau ba k'holeseterole ea HDL. Ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mofuta ona oa nama ea lik'habohaedreite ho tla u thusa ho ntlafatsa maemo a phahameng a letsoalo la lipoprotein. Khetha tšebeliso ea lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse rarahaneng le lijo tse felletseng (meroho, litholoana le lijo-thollo kaofela) - sena se tla etsa hore ho be le boemo bo phahameng ba HDL le ho thibela nts'etsopele ea maloetse a methapo ea mali le pelo.
6. Noa joala bo fokolang feela kapa u khaotse ho bo sebelisa ka ho feletseng
Joala ha bo hlahise melemo leha e le efe 'meleng,' me tšebeliso ea eona e baka kotsi. Haeba u noa joala, bo felle ka tekanyo e nyane. Ha e le hantle, tšebeliso e itekanetseng ea tahi e ne e amana le cholesterol e phahameng ea HDL. Haeba u ntse u noa joala, leka ho khetha veine e khubelu ea tlhaho (ka tekano) le boemo ba hau ba k'holeseterole e "ntle" e tla ba ntho e tloaelehileng.
7. Eketsa takatso ea li-niacin
Niacin ke nicotinic acid, eo hape e bitsoang vithamine B³ kapa vithamine PP. Mmele oa hau o sebelisa niacin ho lokolla matla lijong ha e kiloa. Vithamine ena e boetse e thusa ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba 'mele oa hau oa ho silila, tsamaiso ea methapo, letlalo, moriri le mahlo.Batho ba bangata ba fumana li-niacin tse lekaneng lijong. Leha ho le joalo, ka sekhahla sa cholesterol e fokotsitsoeng ea HDL, e le hore e e phahamise, hangata keacin e fanoa ka mokhoa oa litlatsetso.
Asiti ea Nicotinic e ka nooa ka tekanyetso e tlase, leha ho fanoe ka likhothaletso bakeng sa tšebeliso, hobane ho nka lintho tsena tse tlatsetsang ka linako tse ling ho ka baka litlamorao tse sa batleheng, haholo ha e nooa tekanyetso e phahameng. Litla-morao tsena tsa ho nka niacin li kenyelletsa:
- hyperemia
- ho hlohlona kapa ho fifala letlalong
- mathata a ka mpeng
- mathata a mesifa
- mathata a sebete
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho fumana niacin e lekaneng lijong, o lokela ho kenyelletsa lijo tse nang le vithamine ena lijong tsa hau tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, tse kang:
- nama ea mohatla
- matsoele a likhoho (a tsoa khoho ea lapeng feela)
- peanate
- li-mushroom
- sebete
- tuna
- lierekisi tse tala
- khomo ea manyolo
- lipeo tsa sonobolomo
- avocado
Leka ho ja tse ling tsa lijo tse monate, tse nang le li-niacin ka tlhaho ho eketsa "cholesterol" ea hau e ntle.
8. Meriana
Na e 'ngoe ea lithethefatsi tseo u li noang li ka baka ho fokotseha ha cholesterol ea HDL' meleng oa hau? Ho ka etsahala! Meriana e kang li-anabolic steroids, li-beta blocker, li-benzodiazepines le li-progestin li ka fokotsa lipoprotein tse phahameng. Haeba u sebelisa e 'ngoe ea lithethefatsi tsena, bolella ngaka ea hau ka tsona,' me haeba ho khonahala, leka ho khutlisetsa lithethefatsi tsena ka lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho tse ka rarollang bothata ba hau hape.
HDL cholesterol ke eng?
Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole e bontša palo eohle ea lipids maling, ho kenyeletsoa LDL, HDL le triglycerides. Leha ho le joalo, cholesterol e felletseng e kopantsoe haholo le li-low-density lipoprotein (LDL), tseo hangata li bitsoang cholesterol e "mpe". Tekanyo e phahameng ea LDL e ka lebisa ho thehoeng hoa cholesterol plaque marakong a methapo ea methapo, ho eketsa monyetla oa ho ba le lefu la pelo, le ho hlaha ha lefu la pelo le stroke. LDL e boetse e eketsa kotsi ea ho ba le mafu a arterial a amanang le ho ruruha a ka bang teng ha lipalo tse hlahisang li koala leseli la methapo e fepelang mali maotong. Litaba tse monate ke hore ha HDL ea hau e "ntle" k'holeseterole e le tlase, e theola sekhahla sa LDL ea hau.
HDL ke eng? HDL e bolela li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo, tse tsejoang ka hore ke cholesterol e ntle. Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo, joalo ka molao, li sebetsa e le li-cholesterol tse ngata maling, tseo li li khutlisetsang sebeteng, moo hamorao e robehileng.
HDL ha e le hantle e rarahane ho feta kamoo re neng re nahana ka teng pele. Ho ne ho nahanoa hore li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo ke mofuta o le mong, empa joale ho lumeloa hore ena ke lelapa lohle la likaroloana tse fapaneng. HDL eohle e na le lipids (mafura), cholesterol le protheine (apolipoprotein). Mefuta e meng ea lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo ha e na sebopeho, ha e meng e entsoe ka disk. Mefuta e meng ea HDL e tlosa cholesterol e mpe maling ha mefuta e meng e sa tsotelle cholesterol. Mefuta e meng ea cholesterol e tobileng ea HDL ka tsela e fosahetseng (ho LDL le lisele) kapa e sireletsa cholesterol ea LDL ka tsela e bang kotsi le ho feta methapong ea methapo.
Litlamorao tse sa lebelloang tsa HDL ke le leng la mabaka a etsang hore ho fokotsa cholesterol ea LDL hangata ho fuoe tlhokomelo e fetang e le ts'ireletso ea mantlha khahlanong le lefu la pelo le stroke. Leha ho le joalo, lefats'e la bongaka, ho tsa bongaka le tsa sejoale-joale, le ntse le lumela hore ho phahamisa HDL e tlase ke mohato o bohlale haholo bakeng sa bophelo bo botle, hobane maemo a tlase a mofuta ona oa k'holeseterole a ka ba kotsi ho feta a phahameng LDL k'holeseterole.
Ho latela liphuputso, boemo bo nepahetseng ba k'holeseterole ea HDL ho banna le basali ke limiligrame tse 60 tsa cholesterol ka desilita e le 'ngoe ea mali.Haeba boemo ba HDL 'meleng oa motho bo ka tlase ho ligrama tse 40 tsa cholesterol ka desilita e le ngoe ea mali kapa boemo ba HDL ho mosali bo le tlase ho li-milligram tse 50 tsa cholesterol ka desilita ea mali, joale ho na le monyetla oa hore moriana, haholo lefu la pelo, o eketsehe. Le ha boemo ba hau ba HDL bo phahame ho feta bo kotsing empa bo le tlase ho feta, o eletsoa hore o sebeletse ho eketsa lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo ho fokotsa kotsi ea lefu la pelo.
Phapang lipakeng tsa HDL le LDL cholesterol
Joalo ka ha re tseba, HDL e "lokile," athe LDL ke eona mofuta oa "cholesterol" e mpe. Tse ling tsa lintlha tsa mantlha mabapi le mefuta ena e 'meli ea cholesterol ke tsena:
- high density lipoprotein
- "E ntle" cholesterol
- boemo ba bona bo eketseha ka phepo e nepahetseng
- ho tsuba ho theola HDL
- e thusa ho fokotsa cholesterol ea LDL le ho tlosa methapong ea methapo
- boemo bo phahameng bo fokotsa kotsi ea mathata a maholo le pelo le methapo ea mali
- li-lipoprotein tse fokolang haholo
- K'holeseterole e mpe
- boemo ba bona bo eketseha ka phepo e fosahetseng
- ho tsuba ho eketsa LDL
- ke mohloli o ka sehloohong oa ho bokella cholesterol le ho phatloha ha methapo ea methapo
- boemo ba bona bo phahameng bo eketsa kotsi ea ho ba le mathata a maholo le pelo le methapo ea mali
- boima ba 'mele bo amana le maemo a phahameng a LDL le maemo a tlase a HDL
Mehopolo ea ho qetela ho HDL Cholesterol
Haeba o sa tsebe boemo ba hau ba HDL, o ka tseba ka ho fana ka tlhahlobo ea mali (lipid profil). Tlhahlobo ena e tla fana ka monyetla oa ho fumana boemo ba cholesterol ka kakaretso, hammoho le likarolo tsa eona ka bomong, ho kenyelletsa HDL le LDL. Ha ho na matšoao a hlakileng kapa matšoao a k'holeseterole e phahameng ea LDL le cholesterol e tlase ea HDL, kahoo ho bohlokoa ho hlahloba k'holeseterole ea hau ea mali khafetsa ho boloka bophelo bo botle!
Hopola hore mekhoa e meng e metle ea ho eketsa k'holeseterole ea hau e "ntle" ha o ntse o theola cholesterol ea "mpe" ea LDL e kenyelletsa ho tlohela ho tsuba, ho ikoetlisa khafetsa, ho theola boima ba 'mele, ho ja mafura a phetseng hantle, ho fokotsa ho ja lijo tse matlafatsang tsa' mele le ho fokotsa ho ja haholo joala kapa ho hana ka ho felletseng, ho eketsa ts'ebeliso ea lijo tse nang le li-niacin le ho hana ho sebelisa meriana e itseng. Nka mehato ena 'me u shebe hore na boemo ba hau ba cholesterol ea HDL bo nyoloha joang le menyetla ea hau ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la pelo le stroke e fokotseha.
HDL ke eng tlhahlobo ea mali a biochemical?
HDL ke k'holeseterole e phahameng. Sekhechana sena sa lipoprotein complexes se tšoauoa ka boholo bo bonyenyane ba bokahohle. Ka 'meleng oa motho, lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo li etsa mesebetsi e mengata ea bohlokoa:
- ho ts'oaroa le ho tsamaisoa ha k'holeseterole e tlaase le e tlase haholo ho tloha maling ho ea isibeteng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea eona e tsoelang pele ho tsoa 'meleng joalo ka karolo ea bile,
- tlhoekiso ea marako a methapo ea li-amana tsa triglycerides le lipoprotein NP le SNP,
- fokotseho ea ponahalo ea mali le ho tloaela thepa ea eona ea rheological,
- fokotsa kotsi ea ho ba le microthrombi,
- ntlafatsa le ho khutlisetsa thepa e majabajaba ea marako a methapo,
- kenya letsoho hore ho be le metabolism e tloaelehileng
- fokotsa kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la metabolic le botenya,
- sitisa nts'etsopele le tsoelo-pele e eketsehileng ea atherosclerosis.
Ho lokela ho hopoloa hore ho basali pele ho nako ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli, litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa cholesterol li ka bonoa boteng ba boima bo feteletseng. Sena se bakoa ke nalane ea lihormone, boemo bo lekanang ba estrogen maling ke ntho ea tlhaho ea ts'ireletso khahlanong le mafu a pelo. Ke kahoo, ho basali pele ho nako ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli, atherosulinosis ha e hlahe.Ho banna, ntho e joalo ea ts'ireletso ha e eo, ka hona, hangata ba ngolisa leseli le boletsoeng la methapo ea mali, hammoho le lichapo le ho otloa ke pelo a le monyane.
Matšoao a ho hlahlojoa ha lipoprotein VP
Ho hlahlojoa ha likaroloana tsa cholesterol ho u fa monyetla oa ho:
- Lekola kotsi ea lefu la pelo le menyetla (monyetla oa ho ba le lefu la pelo, angina pectoris, lefu la pelo, stroke, joalo-joalo),
- hlokomela ho kheloha ha lipid ho lekana le atherosclerosis ea methapo ea mali,
- ho laola ka matla a hau matla a phepo e nepahetseng le kalafo e fokotsang ea lipid.
Hape, ho hlahlojoa ha k'holeseterole le likaroloana tsa eona ho etsoa:
- mafu a sebete le manyeme,
- jaundice
- lefu la tsoekere
- thrombosis e eketsehileng,
- ho ba teng ha lefu la pelo, "angina pectoris" le mafu a mang a CVS,
- kotsi ea pelo
- khatello ea mali
- boimana (bo kenyelelitsoe ka har'a sephutheloana sa lipatlisiso)
- ho senyeheloa ke mpa
- botenya.
U ka itokisetsa tlhahlobo joang?
Mali a nkoa ka thata ka mpeng e se nang letho. Matsatsi a 'maloa pele ho thuto, lijo tse mafura le tse halikiloeng, liswiti, joala ha lia lokela ho kenyelletsoa lijong. Bosiung ba hohlahlobo, ho ikenya ha mmeleng le maikutlong, hammoho le ho tsuba, ha ba qheleloe ka thoko.
Pele ho tlhahlobo, e lumelloa ho noa metsi. Tee, kofi, sopho le lino ha li lumelletsoe ho nooa.
Ngaka e eang ngakeng le basebetsi ba laboratori ba lokela ho tsebisoa ka meriana e sebelisitsoeng ke mokuli. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore meriana e mengata e ka lebisa liphellong tse mpe tsa bohata kapa tse mpe.
Methati ea HDL e ka eketseha ha o nka cyclofenil, lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo, estrogens, li-derivatives tsa fibroic acid (clofibrate ®, gemfibrozil ®), lovastatin ®, pravastatin ®, simvastatin ®, nicotinic acid, phenobarbital ®, Captopril ® Q, carbamaz , furosemide ®, nifedipine ®, verapamil ®.
Liphetho tse mpe tsa bohata li ka bonoa nakong ea kalafo le li-androgens, beta-blockers (haholo-holo e se nang pelo), cyclosporin ®, diuretics, interferon ®, interleukin, thiazides.
Lethathamo le Phahameng la Litaba tsa banna le basali
Tloaelo ea HDL ho banna le basali e fapane hanyane, ka lebaka la phapang ea mokokotlo oa lihormone. Hape, ho fetoha ha maemo ho amanang le lilemo ka boleng ba li-lipoprotein tsa VP hoa tsebahala. Melao e tloaelehileng e ka ngoloa: milione ka litha e le ngoe kapa ka milligram ka dl. Lintlha ka lilaboratori tse fapaneng li ka fapana hanyane, ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea li-reagents tse fapaneng.
Litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa HDL maling a basali le banna li hlahisoa tafoleng:
Meeli ea lilemo | Bong | Cholesterol HDL mmol / l |
Lilemo tse hlano ho isa ho tse leshome | M | 0,98 — 1,94 |
F | 0,93 — 1,89 | |
Lilemo tse leshome ho isa ho tse leshome le metso e mehlano | M | 0,96 — 1,91 |
F | 0,96 — 1,81 | |
Lilemo tse 15 ho isa ho tse mashome a mabeli | M | 0,78 — 1,63 |
F | 0,91 — 1,91 | |
Mashome a mabeli ho isa ho mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano | M | 0,78 — 1,63 |
F | 0,85 — 2,04 | |
Lilemo tse mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano ho isa ho tse mashome a mararo | M | 0,80 — 1,63 |
F | 0,96 — 2,15 | |
O lilemo tse mashome a mararo ho isa ho tse hlano | M | 0,72 — 1,63 |
F | 0,93 — 1,99 | |
O lilemo tse mashome a mararo ho isa ho mashome a mane | M | 0,75 — 1,60 |
F | 0,88 — 2,12 | |
Mashome a mane ho isa ho mashome a mane a metso e mehlano | M | 0,70 — 1,73 |
F | 0,88 — 2,28 | |
Lilemo tse 40 ho isa ho mashome a mahlano | M | 0,78 — 1,66 |
F | 0,88 — 2,25 | |
Mashome a mahlano ho isa ho mashome a mahlano a metso e mehlano | M | 0,72 — 1,63 |
F | 0,96 — 2,38 | |
Mashome a mahlano ho isa ho mashome a tšeletseng a lilemo | M | 0,72 — 1,84 |
F | 0,96 — 2,35 | |
Lilemo tse mashome a tšeletseng ho isa ho mashome a tšeletseng a metso e mehlano | M | 0,78 -1,91 |
F | 0,98 — 2,38 | |
Mashome a tšeletseng a metso e mehlano ho isa ho mashome a supileng | M | 0,78 — 1,94 |
F | 0,91 — 2,48 | |
Bakuli ba fetang lilemo tse mashome a supileng | M | 0,80 — 1,94 |
F | 0,85 — 2,38 |
Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng li eketsehile: Ho bolelang?
Ka tloaelo, ho ima ke sesosa sa HDL e eketsehileng ho basali. Nakong ea ngoana ha ngoana a hlaha, keketseho ea butle-butle ea cholesterol e tloaelehile mme ha e hloke phekolo ea bongaka. Leha ho le joalo, keketseho e makatsang le e kholo ea likhechana tsa lipoprotein tse tlaase le tse tlase haholo e hloka lijo tse tlamang tsa lipid, hobane lithethefatsi tse ngata tse fokotsang k'holeseterole li hanyetsoa nakong ea kemaro.
Karolo e phahamisitsoeng ea cholesterol nakong ea kemolo e ka baka kholo ea mali, ho eketseha ha mali, ho tsitsa ha lesea le phallo ea mali e pharalletseng, ho lieha ho hola ha ngoana, ho ntša mpa ka boomo, ho senyeheloa ke mpa, joalo-joalo.
Mabaka a ka sehloohong a keketseho ea lipoprotein tse phahameng tsa basali le banna ke:
- metabolic syndrome (botenya),
- endocrinological pathologies (mofuta oa 1 le mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere, lefu la Cushing, hypothyroidism, jj.),
- lefu la liphio (lefu la nephrotic kapa ho se sebetse hantle ha renal),
- ho tepella maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, mania, maemo a sithabetsang,
- mathata a lefutso la metabolism ea lipid,
- mafu a sebete le senya.
- jaundice e thibelang,
- bokhoba ba joala
- li-pathologies tsa pancreatic.
Hape sesosa sa ho eketseha ha lipoprotein e ka ba tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lijo tse nang le cholesterol e ngata (mahe, lihlahisoa tsa nama, lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse mafura, jj.)
HDL cholesterol e theotsoe: ho bolelang
Ho fokotseha ha lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo ho ka bonoa haeba mokuli a na le:
- lefu la methapo ea methapo,
- stagnation ea bile
- hypolipoproteinemia,
- lefu la tsoekere
- botenya
- lefu la liphio
- li-pathologies tsa sebete
- heredital hypertriglyceridemia,
- anemia e matla
- my el myeloproliferative pathologies
- anorexia
- ho khathala 'meleng le maikutlong,
- infarction ea bohlokoahali
- ischemic stroke
- lefu la pelo.
Ho se leka-lekane ha lipid ho bonahala joang?
Keketseho ea litaba tsa mali tse "mpe" tsa cholesterol ha e tsamaisane le matšoao a itseng a kliniki pele ho qaleho ea mathata (atherosclerosis, lefu la pelo, joalo-joalo). Nts'etsopele ea liso tsa methapo ea methapo ea methapo e ka bonahatsoa ke ponahalo ea:
- ho hema hanyane nakong ea ho ikoetlisa,
- tumellano ea mantsoe,
- ho tsekela le hlooho e bohloko,
- bofokoli ba kamehla, mokhathala, ho lebala le ho sebetsa,
- maoto le matsoho
- maikutlo a hahabang lipheletsong, menoaneng,
- bohloko bo ka morao ho sternum.
U ka fetola lipoprotein joang?
Phekolo eohle e reretsoeng ho theola cholesterol e lokela ho laeloa feela ke setsebi mme e etsoe tlas'a taolo ea laboratori.
E tlameha ho hopoloa hape hore kalafo e lokela ho ba e akaretsang. Ntle le tloaelo ea phepo e nepahetseng (phepo e fokotsang lipid), ho theola boima ba 'mele le khalemelo ea bophelo (ho khaotsa ho tsuba le ho noa joala, ho etsa mosebetsi o tloaelehileng, joalo-joalo), kalafo ea lithethefatsi e ke ke ea fana ka liphetho tse hlokahalang.
Lijo tse fokotsang lipid li bolela ho hana kapa ho thibeloa ha tšebeliso ea lijo tse nang le cholesterol e ngata, kathoko ho tsoa lijong tsa mafura, tse halikiloeng, lijo tse tsubeloang, li-muffin tse ncha, sesepa, jj.
Ho hlokahala hore ho eketsoe tšebeliso ea meroho le litholoana tse ncha, ligrama le fiber, tlhapi e mafura a tlase. Ho khothalletsoa hape ho nka li-supplements tse nang le livithamini tsa B, livithamini A, E, le C, mafura a omega-3 acid (oli ea tlhapi), magnesium le zinki.