Mali a fella joang makhophong?

Phepelo ea mali manyeme o etsoa ho tsoa matamong a methapo e tloaelehileng ea hepatic, splenic le e phahameng ea mesenteric. A. rancreaticoduodenalis phahameng, e leng lekala la mokokotlo oa gastro-duodenal, e arotsoe ka makala a anterior le posterior, e hokahanyang qetellong le makala a ts'oanang a karolo e tlase ea "pancreatic-duodenal artery", e tsoang ho mesenteric e holimo, mme e theha sebopeho sa bokantle le sa morao. Ho tsona o tloha ho li-artery tsa 3 ho isa ho tse 7 tse fanang ka hlooho ea manyeme le duodenum. 'Mele le mohatla oa li-pancreas li amohela mali ho tsoa mokokotlong oa splenic, o li fa makala a tsoang ho a mabeli ho isa ho a robong a makala (rr. Pancreatici).

Phello e ntle e etsahala ka mesifa e boreleli, e phahameng ebile e le tlase, e tsoang lesapong la mokokotlo. Ho lokela ho hopoloa hore methapo ea 'mele le mohatla oa manyeme li hokahane hantle le methapo ea sebaka se ka morao sa adrenal le sebaka sa ho khutla, i.e. le sistimi ea infa cava e ka tlase (port-caval anastomosis).

Lymph drainage le hlaha libakeng tsa taelo ea pele (lnn. pancreaticoduodenales superiores et inferiores, pancreatici superiores et inferiores, splenici, retropylorici), hammoho le libakeng tsa taelo ea bobeli, e leng li-neli tsa celiac (lnn. coeliaci).

Phepelo Li-pancreas li na le likhoele tse utloisang bohloko tsa methapo e meholo le e nyane ea kahare, tse kenngoeng kahare ho ganglia ea celiac plexus ebe li ea le gland. Mefuta ea methapo ea methapo ea kutlo e tsoang methapong ea vagus (haholo-holo ho tloha letsohong le letšehali) ke preganglionic. Ntle le moo, mesenteric e phahameng, ea splenic, hepatic le e tlohetsoeng ke methapo ea kutlo e amehang ho bolokoeng ha manyeme. Boholo ba methapo ea kutlo e kena mokokotlong oa tšoelesa ka ho lekana ho potoloha potoloho ea eona. (Bona karolo ea Vegetative Nervous System).

Spleen (lien, splen)

Phepelo ea mali sekoti se fanoa ke mokokotlo oa mokokotlo - lekala la kutu ea seretse. Artery e mathela ka letsohong le letšehali lehlakoreng la manyeme, e fa rr. ransgeatici. Haufi le liheke tsa mokokotlo, mokelikeli oa lesapo la mokokotlo o fana ka litšoelesa tsa sefuba tse morao le tse tsoileng tseleng. Ka linako tse ling methapo ena ea methapo e kenella sebakeng sa heke e nang le spleen e tsoang makala a mokokotlo oa mokokotlo.

Phello e ntle. Mongobo oa splenic o na le bophara ba makhetlo a 2 ho feta mokokotlo, 'me o maemong a mangata ka tlase ho ona. E tloha letsohong le letšehali ho ea ka letsohong le letona la manyeme, lesapo la splenic le kopana ka morao hloohong ea manyeme ka mothapo o moholo oa mesenteric, eaba le etsa kutu ea mantlha ea mokokotlo oa portal.

Lymph drainage e ba teng ka har'a li-lymph node tsa taelo ea pele, e lihekeng tsa spleen (lnn. splenici). Li-node tsa sekhukhu tsa sekhukhu ke li-celiac lymph node tse haufi le motso oa kutu ea celiac.

Ho bolulo mokokotlo o ne o kenyelletsa celiac, o ile a tlohela diaphragmatic, a siea adrenal nerve plexus. Lekala le hlahang mehloling ena le theha sebaka se potolohileng lesapo la mokokotlo. (Bona karolo ea Vegetative Nervous System).

Phepelo ea mali ea pancreatic

Phepelo ea mali ho manyeme makala a methapo e metle ea hepatic, splenic le e phahameng haholo ea mesenteric. Ka holim'a hlooho ea tšoelesa e tšoanela a. gastroduodenalis, eo ho tloha moo a. pancreaticoduodenalis e phahame, e fa makala a ka pele le a ka morao.

A. pancreaticoduodenalis inferior hangata e qala ho tsoa ho mesenteric artery e kholo kapa ho tsoa lekaleng la eona. E boetse e arotsoe ka makala a ka ntle le a ka morao. E holimo le tlase li-pancreatoduodenal artery anastomose e mong le e mong, e etsa mekhabiso e arolang, eo makala a eona a tsoang hloohong ea makhopho le duodenum.

E kholo haholo e tloha pheletsong ea methapo ea kutlo le hangata hangata e tsoang ho hepatic e tloaelehileng manyeme, a. rapeseatica magna, eo ka morao ho 'mele oa tšoelesa e eang mokokotlong oa eona, moo e arotsoeng makala a ka leqeleng le ka ho le letšehali. Ntle le mokokotlo ona, ho ea mohatleng le 'meleng oa tšoelesa ho tsoa ho a. splenica (lienalis) tloha rr. pancreatici.

Sebopeho sa nalane ea manyeme

Makhopho a makhopho a hlahisa lilithara tse 1.5 tsa lero la pancreatic ka letsatsi. Ntle le eena, e kholo, e rarahaneng ebile e arotsoe ke litšoelesa tse ling tsa 'mele tse hlahisang boholo ba secretion li kenyeletsa mammary, lacrimal, salivary e kholo.

The anatomy ea gland e bakiloe ke ts'ebetso e habeli eo e e etsang: endocrine le tšilo ea lijo. Sena se ka etsahala ka lebaka la sebopeho sa nalane ea parenchyma ea setho. E na le:

• Ho tloha lobules (acini), e arotsoeng ke sepakara sa tishu se kenang, moo likepe, likhoele tsa methapo, lihloba tse nyane tsa pancreatic li fetang,
• lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans tse lipakeng tsa sebaka seo. Li etselitsoe tikoloho ho pholletsa le lithane tsohle tsa boea ka bongata bo fapaneng, empa boholo bo boholo bo oela mohatleng oa setho.

Acinus e nang le li-ducts tse nyane tse amanang le eona ke motheo oa karolo ea bohlasoa ea manyeme. E na le:

• li-pancreatocytes tse tsoang ho 8−12 lisele tsa sebopeho se nang le sebopeho, se ts'oaretsoeng ke litebele tsa tsona ho fihlela setsing,
• duct lisele tsa epithelial: ha li kopana, ho thehoa sistimi ea ho ikatisa.

• mamina a asiti,
• mahareng
• tse ling,
• interlobar
• tloaelehileng wirsung duct manyeme.

Sebopeho sa mabota a marang-rang a itšetlehile ka boholo ba mohoalo ka booona. Wirsung, e haola le bolelele bohle ba tšoelesa, ho na le lisele tsa "gblet" leboteng tse bolokang likarolo tsa lero la pancreatic ebe li nka karolo ho melaoana ea endocrine ea lehae.

Lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans li emela karolo e nyane haholo, empa ha e bohlokoa joalo joalo.

Nalane e khuts'oanyane ea nalane ea sehlekehleke sena: e na le mefuta e mehlano e mehlano ea lisele tse bolokang lihormone tse ngata. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa sele ke bophahamo bo fapaneng le sebaka sa sehlekehleke sena mme o hlahisa li-hormone tse itseng:

• alpha (25%) - glucagon,
• beta (60%) - insulin,
• Delta (10%) - somatostatin,
• PP (5%) - polypeptide (vIP) e holofatsang ea intestine le pancreatic polypeptide (PP),
• lisele tsa epsilon (ka tlase ho 1%) - ghrelin.

Lisele tsa Beta li bohareng, tse ling li li pota-potile haufi le paramente.

Ntle le mefuta ena e ka sehloohong, lisele tsa acinoislet tse nang le endo- le mesebetsi ea exocrine li fumaneha ka lehlakoreng.

Phepelo ea mali ea arterial

Makhopho a pancreas ha a na likepe tsa hae tsa ntoa. Ts'ebetso ea phepelo ea mali e tsoa ho aorta (karolo ea eona ea ka mpeng). Hlooho ea celiac e tsoa ho eona, e arohana le likepe tse fanang ka mali a arohaneng ho manyeme. Ba theha marang-rang ohle a li-arterioles tse nyane le calter. Kakaretso e kenelletseng maling a phallo ea mali:

• likepe tse ka holimo tse ka ntle le tse ka morao tsa manyeme,
• artery e tlase ea pancreatoduodenal e nang le makala a ka ntle le a ka morao,
• methapo e tlase ea pancreatic,
• dorsal pancreatic
• artery ea mohatla.

E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lijana tsena e hlahisa makala a mokelikeli o monyane ho isa ho li-arterioles tse nyane haholo tse kenyelletsang phepelong ea mali ho lobule e ngoe le e 'ngoe ea manyeme.

Ho lutla ha Lymphatic ho etsoa ka methapo ea methapo e tsamaisang methapo ea mali: lymph e phallela kahare ho pancreatoduodenal le li-pancreas lymph node, ebe li kenella ho celiac le splenic.

Phello e ntle

Ho tsoa ho li-lobules le lihlekehleke, mali a venous a ntlafalitsoeng ka har'a khabone e kenella ka har'a marang-rang a methapo ea methapo le methapo e kenang tsamaisong ea vena cava e tlase le venal. Qalong, mali a feta:

• ka mesenteric (holimo le tlase),
• methapo ea splenic
• gastric ea letsohong le letšehali
• portal

Madi a venous kamora ho feta hara sebete a kenella ka har'a vena cava e kenang ka pelong e nepahetseng, a tlatsa potoloho e kholo ea phallo ea mali.

Mathata a potoloha ka pancreatic

Ho thata ho tseba hore na mathata a ho potoloha le lefu la pancreas ke afe. Psychology e joalo ha e ikemele, empa e hlaha ka lebaka la mafu a matla a methapo ea pelo. Maemong a joalo, matšoao a lefu lena le ka tlase a hlaha.

Tlhahlobo eo e etsoa ka ho nahanela mafu a teng le ho fokotseha hoa phallo ea mali. Li baka phetoho ho parenchyma ka lefu le liehang ho hlaha la lisele tse tloaelehileng tsa pancreatic ebe li li nkela li-tisy tse sebetsang - li-fibrosis li nts'etsopele, mesebetsi eohle ea litho ha e na botsitso. Makhopho ke setho se amehang ka litšusumetso tse nyane tsa kantle le tsa ka hare. Phetoho efe kapa efe ea phepelo ea mali kapa phepo e nepahetseng e lebisa ho ho kula haholo.

Lisosa le matšoao a mathata

Liphetoho linthong tsa manyeme li amahanngoa le litšoaetso tsa potoloho tse etsahalang:

• ka atherosulinosis,
• ka ho nyekeloa ke pelo,
• le khatello ea mali ea methapo ka lebaka la atherosulinosis.

Sesosa e kanna ea ba mellitus ea butle-butle le ea nako e telele e tsoetseng pele, kapa pancreatitis e bohloko e hlahang ka tšohanyetso ntle le lebaka le hlakileng. Ntho e susumetsang ke infarction ea myocardial.

Pancreatic vascular thrombosis e kotsi. Thrombosis e thatafatsa khatello ea maikutlo e teng, thrombophlebitis, infarction ea myocardial. Ho tšoenyeha ka potoloho ho etsahala ka atherosclerosis, ha marako a methapo ea mali ea likhalase tse fapaneng a fetoloa.

Ka ho nyekeloa ke pelo ho teng, tlolo ea mali e tsoang kapele, e isang pancreatic edema, keketseho e kholo ea boholo ba eona le ho se sebetse hantle. Ts'ebetso ea ho ruruha e etsahala ho parenchyma, e netefalitsoeng ke keketseho e sa rateheng ea mali le diinease tsa moroto.

Ntho e kotsi ka ho fetisisa e bakang tlolo ea mali ke joala. E baka tsitsipano e phehellang ea likepe tse nyane, ka lebaka leo lisele tsa 'mele li khaotsang ho fumana limatlafatsi tse hlokahalang le oksijene. Sena se lebisa lefung la bona mme se ka baka necrosis e felletseng.

Pathology ea kalafo

Ha ho na kalafo e tobileng bakeng sa phallo ea mali e senyehileng le liphetoho tse hlahisitsoeng makhophong. Boloetse bo ka tlase bo a phekoloa. Ka lefu lena le le hole haholo, ha liphetoho tsa ho ruruha kapa tsa necrotic li qala ho pancreas parenchyma, e netefalitsoeng ke lithuto tse sebetsang le tsa laboratori, ho fanoa ka phekolo e rarahaneng ea pancreatitis. E kenyeletsa:

• lijo tse qobelloang - linomoro tsa tafole ea 5,
• pheko ea enzyme
• ha ho hlokahala - antispasmodics, painkiller le lithethefatsi tse thibelang tlhahiso ea hydrochloric acid.

Haeba kalafo e sa tšoaroe, le haeba ho na le mathata a mangata a potileng, lefu la tsoekere le fetoha ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. Sena se bakoa ke lefu la lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans le ho felisoa ha motsoako oa hormone ea sehlooho - insulin.

Litlamorao tsa tšenyo ho bolulo ba manyeme

Pancreas parenchyma e na le marang-rang a marang-rang a methapo ea kutlo. Makhopho a pancreas, joalo ka litho tsohle, a laoloa ke tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo - makala a methapo ea methapo ea kutlo (n. Vagus dexter). Ba laola ts'ebetso ea exocrine - tlhahiso le secretion ea li-enzyme. Litlhaselo tse tsoang methating ea methapo ea kutlo li khothaletsa tlhahiso ea li-enzyme.

E hokahanngoa le lefapha le nang le kutloelo-bohloko ka likhoele tse nyane tse tsoang liplelelong:

• splenic
• hepatic
• celiac
• holimo mesenteric.

Karolo e nang le kutloelo-bohloko ea tsamaiso ea methapo e lebisa ho litlamorao tse fapaneng: ho ts'oaroa ha kutu ea celiac ho baka ho felisoa ha secretion ea lero la pancreatic. Empa ho pepesetsoa nako e telele liseleng tsa stem ho tsamaisana le secretion ea li-enzyme.

Lisebelisoa tsa mali tse fanang ka mali ho manyeme li amahanngoa le likhoele tse nang le kutloelo-bohloko: li laola molumo oa marako a venous.

Li-lulules, tse nang le lisele tsa glandular tse hlahisang secretion ea pancreatic ka li-enzyme, li aroloa ke li-partitions, moo ho behiloeng 'mele e ikhohomosang ea Fater-Pacini.

Lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans, tseo lisele tsa tsona li etsang lihormone tse 11 tsa bohlokoa, li na le karolo e arohaneng le acini ke lisele tsa sehlopha sa methapo ea kutlo.

Tšenyo ea methapo maemong afe kapa afe e lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea maloetse a hemodynamic le neurovegetative ho manyeme. Sena ha se bake phetoho e kholo eseng sebeng feela, empa le litho tse ling tse amanang le eona. Phekolo maemong a joalo e rarahane ebile e nka nako e telele.