Lipilisi tsa ka

Ho latela liphetho tsa mosebetsi oa ho etsa lipatlisiso o entsoeng Univesithing ea Alabama e Birmingham, ho latela hore ts'ebeliso ea Verapamil e ama phokotso ea phallo ea glucose e potlakileng ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Se sibolotsoeng sena se ts'episang se entsoe Setsing se Phethahetseng sa Lefu la tsoekere Univesithing ea Alabama e Birmingham, 'me liphetho li phatlalalitsoe makasineng ea Phuputso ea Lefu la Tsoekere le Clinical (2016.01.021). Kajeno, setsi sena se etsa teko ea pele ea mofuta oa tleliniki ea Verapamil (ka tšehetso e tsoang ho JDRF).

Yulia Khodneva, MD, Ph.D., mofuputsi le moithuti oa morao-rao Lefapheng la Thibelo ea Thibelo, ea sebetsang Setsing se Tletseng sa Lefu la tsoekere, o ile a sekaseka kamano pakeng tsa li-blockers tsa calcium calcium, haholo-holo le ho itima lijo ha tsoekere ea mali har'a batho ba baholo ba 5000. batho ba fumanoeng ba tšoeroe ke lefu la tsoekere ba nkileng karolo thutong ea REGARDS.

Ngaka ea Bongaka Julia Khodneva.

Kakaretso ea bakuli ba 1484 ba nkang calcium Channel blockers ba nkile karolo molemong oa bakuli ba baholo ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, bao ba 174 ba ileng ba nka Verapamil.

Lintlha tse fumanoeng li bonts'itse hore bakuli ba nkang calcium Channel blockers ba ne, ka kakaretso, 5 mg / dl (0.3 mmol / L) tsoekere e nyane ea serum ha e bapisoa le ba sa kang ba sebelisa lithethefatsi tsena. Ho bakuli ba sebelisang Verapamil, tsoekere ea serum e fokotsehile ka kakaretso ka 10 mg / dL (0.6 mmol / L), ha e bapisoa le bakuli ba nkang li-blocker tse ling tsa calcium calcium.

Lipalo-palo li boetse li bontšitse phapang e kholo ea tsoekere ea mali ho bakuli ba nkang verapamil kopaneng le lithethefatsi tsa insulin le tsa molomo: ho ba nkang motsoako oa Verapamil, lithethefatsi tse fanoang ka molomo le insulin, boemo ba tsoekere e maling serum e theohile ka 24 mg / dl (

1,3 mmol / L) ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba nkile verapamil le insulin feela, ho fokotseha ha tsoekere ea mali ho tlalehiloe 37 mg / dl (2 mmol / L).

"Hobane e ne e mpa e le thuto ea sefapano ka mor'a moo re tlameha ho etsa liteko tsa tleliniki ka boomo Verapamil, ha re tsebe sebopeho sa kamano e nang le lebaka lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea Verapamil le ho theola tsoekere ea mali ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, empa re hlile rea bona hore ho sebelisa moriana ho thusa ho theola tsoekere ea mali "- ho bolela Moprofesa Khodneva.

Liphetho tse ka sehlohlolong sa bakuli ba nang le mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere kapa ba nang le lefu le matla la lefu la tsoekere ba babeli ba ileng ba nka Verapamil hammoho le bafuputsi ba insulin.

"Phokotseho ea tsoekere ea mali ho bakuli ba sehlopha sena ha e bapisoa le ba sa kang ba nka Verapamil e ne e le 37 mg / dl (2 mmol / l) - e batla e phahame makhetlo a mane ho feta ho sampole eohle ea batho ba baholo ba lefu la tsoekere"- Moprofesa Khodneva o tsoela pele. "Sena se re lebisitse mohopolong oa hore Verapamil e sebetsa haholo ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la 1 le bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, lisele tsa pancreatic tse senyehileng hampe. Ho hlakile hore, lithethefatsi li sebetsa ka tsela e hlophisehileng, haholo-holo bakeng sa ba nang le lisele tse mpe haholo tsa beta. ”.

"Ngaka Julia Khodneva o entse mosebetsi o motle ho sekaseka data e ngata mme a fumana hore lithethefatsi Verapamil li na le tšusumetso e kholo ho tsoibiliseng tsoekere ea mali ho lefu la tsoekere""- Ho fana ka maikutlo a Dr. Anat Shalev, motsamaisi oa Setsi sa tsoekere se kopaneng Univesithing ea Alabama e Birmingham, e etellang pele rasaense oa teko ea bongaka ho Verapamil.

"Liphetoho tseo maemong a tsoekere ea mali tse neng li tlalehiloe ho bakuli ba nkang verapamil li ka bapisoa le ho fokotseha ha Hb_A1c hoo e ka bang 1% . Ho tloha moo re ka fihlela qeto ea hore Verapamil e sebetsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le lithethefatsi tsa lefu la tsoekere tse seng li amohetsoe. Ntle le moo, phapang e kholo ea tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali ho bakuli ba nkang insulin e tsamaisana le khopolo ea rona ea mantlha ea hore Verapamil e thusa ho khutlisa boima ba lisele tsa beta ” - o eketsa Dr. Shalev.

Univesithi ea Alabama e Birmingham e phatlalalitse teko ea tleliniki e tlang ea Verapamil ka Phato 2014, mme e qalile ho hohela bakuli thutong ka Pherekhong 2015. Liphetho tsa pele, motheong oa tsona ho tla khona ho lekola katleho ea phello ea Verapamil ho mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere, ho reriloe ho fumanoa likhoeli tse ka bang 18.

Nakong ea tlhahlobo, ho tla hlahlojoa mokhoa o fapaneng le mekhoa e teng ea ho phekola lefu la tsoekere, e reretsoeng ho khutlisetsa lisele tsa pancreatic beta, tse sebelisetsoang ho hlahisa insulin ho boloka maemo a tloaelehileng a tsoekere ea mali.

Ka lebaka la lilemo tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso, bo-rasaense ba univesithing ba pakile hore boemo bo phahameng ba tsoekere ea mali bo etsa hore 'mele oa motho o hlahise protheine ea TXNIP e eketsehileng, eo boemo ba eona bo ntseng bo eketseha ka lisele tsa beta ho arabela nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere, empa leha ho le joalo, karolo ea bona ho baeloji ea sele e ne e sa tsejoe pele ho ts'ebetso ha ho letho. Tekanyo e ngata ea protheine ea TXNIP liseleng tsa pancreatic beta e lebisa lefung la bona, e sitisa tlhahiso ea insulin, 'me ka hona e kenya letsoho kholisong ea lefu la tsoekere.

Bo-rasaense ba univesithing ba boetse ba fumane hore Verapamil, e sebelisoang haholo ho phekola khatello e phahameng ea mali, ho otla ha pelo ho sa tsitsang, le migraines, e ka theola boemo ba protheine ea TXNIP ka ho theola khatello ea calcium liseleng tsa beta. A litoeba tsa tsoekere tse nang le tsoekere ea mali e feta Li-milligram tse 300 ka desilitara e le 'ngoe (16.6 mmol / L), kalafo ea Verapamil e ile ea lebisa ho fokotseha ha calcium haholo hoo lefu la tsoekere e khaotsa ho hlaha.

Ho sa le joalo, bo-rasaense ba Scotland ba fumane hore AMPK e ama molaoana oa ho phefumoloha boroko.

Verapamil, Verapamil ke moemeli oa li-antiarrhythmic, hypotensive le antianginal tsa sehlopha sa li-blockers tse liehang ho feta tsa calcium calcium, blocker ea calcium e itšetlehileng ka calcium ea mofuta oa L-mofuta. Ketso ea verapamil ke ho thibela liteishene tsa khalsiamo (kahare ho membrane ea sele) le ho theola calcium ea hona joale ea transmembrane.

Matla a antiarrhythmic a Verapamil ke ho fokotsa butle le ho fokolisa litšelo tsa pelo, khatello ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo le kutloisiso, le ho fokotsa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa pelo. Ka lebaka la ketso ea Verapamil, ho na le keketseho ea methapo ea pelo ea pelo le keketseho ea phallo ea mali a coronary, ho fokotseha hoa tlhoko ea oksijene ea pelo.

Ts'ebetsong ea ischemic myocardium, verapamil e thusa ho fokotsa ho se lekane pakeng tsa tlhoko le phepelo ea oksijene ho pelo ka ho eketsa phepelo ea mali le ts'ebeliso e ntle le ts'ebeliso e matla ea oksijene ea moea.

Verapamil ea lithethefatsi e laetsoe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, khatello ea methapo ea mali, khatello ea methapo ea mali, angina pectoris (ho kenyelletsa le angina pectoris, postinfarction angina, angina pectoris, pelo atropa fibrillation, ntle le lefu la WPW).

Verapamil e hlahisoa ka mefuta e 'maloa ea litekanyetso:

matlapa (filimi e koahetsoeng, filimi e koahetsoeng, ketso ea nako e telele),
linaoa tse monate
tharollo ea ente
tharollo ea infusion (tsamaiso ea methapo).

Verapamil e hlahisoa tlasa mabitso a latelang a khoebo: Verpamil, Veracard, Verogalid, Isoptin, Lecoptin, Caveril, Falicard, Phenoptin, Vepamil, Verapamil, Calan, Cardilax, Dilacoran, Falicard, Finoptin, Ikacor, Iproveratril, Isoptin, Vasopil.

Lefu la tsoekere

Lefu la tsoekere la lefu la tsoekere, lefu la tsoekere (ho ea ka ICD-10 - E10-E14), lefu la tsoekere ("ho tsoa ho Greek 6, _3, ^ 5, ^ 6, ^ 2,` 4, _1, `," 2, - "profuse urination") - sehlopha sa endocrine Maloetse a metabolic a khetholloang ke boemo bo phahameng ba tsoekere bo maling (tsoekere) maling ka lebaka la khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng (lefu la tsoekere 1) kapa lefu la sethoathoa sa tsoekere 2.

Lefu la tsoekere le tsamaea le tlolo ea molao mefuta eohle metabolism: carbohydrate, mafura, protheine, metsi-letsoai le liminerale, mme e ka lebisa litlamorao tse mpe ka sebopeho sa maloetse a pelo, ho hloleha ho sa sebetseng hantle ha pelo, tšenyo ea methapo, tšenyo ho mokokotlo oa retina, erectile dysfunction.

Matšoao a boletsoeng ka ho fetisisa a lefu la tsoekere ke lenyora (DM 1 le DM 2), monko oa acetone o tsoang molomong le asetone ka har'a moroto (DM 1), boima bo fokotsehileng (DM 1, le DM 2 mekhatlong ea morao), hammoho le ho ruruha ho feteletseng, ulcers maotong, pholiso e mpe ea leqeba.

Metsoalle ea kamehla ea lefu la tsoekere ke glucose e ngata ka har'a moroto (tsoekere ka har'a moroto, glucosuria, glycosuria), li-ketone ka har'a moroto, acetone ka har'a moroto, acetonuria, ketonuria), liprotheine tse ngata khafetsa ka moroto (proteinuria, albinuria) le hematuria (mali a moea, hemoglobin, lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ka har'a moroto). Ntle le moo, pH ea moroto ho lefu la tsoekere hangata e fetisetsoa lehlakoreng la acidic.

Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere, mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere, (ea itšetlehileng ka insulin, mocha) (ICD-10 - E10) ke lefu la autoimmune la endocrine system le ikhethang ka ka ho felletseng khaello ea insulin, ka lebaka la hore tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, ka mabaka a ntse a sa hlake, e hlasela le ho senya lisele tsa pancreatic beta tse hlahisang insulin. Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere o ka ama motho leha e le ofe lilemong, empa lefu lena le hlaha hangata ho bana, lilemong tsa bocha le ho batho ba baholo ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 30.

Tobetsa 'me u arolelane sehlooho le metsoalle ea hau:

Mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere mellitus, mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la 2 lefu la tsoekere (le sa itšetleheng ka insulin) (ICD-10 - E11) ke lefu le seng autoimmune le khetholloang ke mong ka khaello ea insulin (litholoana tsa eona ke sekhahla se phahameng sa tsoekere maling, ka lebaka la tlolo ea tšebelisano ea insulin le lisele tsa lisele). Lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 hangata le ama batho ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 40. Lisosa tsa lefu lena le tsona ha li utloisisoe ka botlalo, empa batho ba nang le botenya ba kotsing.

Liteko tse latelang tsa mali li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho fumana tšoaetso ea lefu la tsoekere khafetsa, hammoho le ho lekola nako ea lefu lena: tsoekere e potlakileng ea mali (hangata tlhahlobo e etsoa lapeng, gluceter e sebelisetsoa tlhahlobo ea mali) le liteko tsa mali tsa laboratori, ho kenyelletsa le tlhahlobo ea mamello ea glucose mamello ea glucose), tlhahlobo ea hemoglobin ea glycosylated (hemoglobin ea glycated, Hb_A1c) le tlhahlobo ea mali e akaretsang (ho fokotseha ha palo ea li-leukocytes ho bontša ho haella ha thyroid).

Yuniti ea tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali ke mmol / litha (linaheng tsa Bophirimela, glycemia hangata e lekantsoe ho mg / deciliter).

Lintlha

Lintlha le litlhaloso tsa litaba "Verapamil e fokotsa tsoekere ea mali ho lefu la tsoekere."

Univesithi ea Alabama Birmingham, Univesithi ea Alabama e Birmingham, UAB ke univesithi (ea sechaba), e 'ngoe ea liunivesithi tse tharo tsamaisong ea univesithi ea Alabama. Sebopehong sa eona ea sejoale-joale, univesithi e bile teng ho tloha ka 1969 (setsing sa thuto eo motheo oa eona e thehiloeng ho thuto, e ntse e rutoa ho tloha ka 1936).

18700 liithuti tse qalang le tse abeloang mangolo.

Univesithi e fana ka koetliso molemong oa mananeo a thuto a 140 makaleng a 12 a thuto, moo litsebi lefapheng la litsi tsa botho, maemo a bophelo, saense ea boitšoaro, khoebo, boenjiniere le bongaka li koetlisitsoeng. Sekolo sa bongaka se matla haholo mafapheng a bongaka ba meno, meno, booki le bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.

Patlisiso ea lefu la tsoekere le tloaelo ea bongaka - Koranta ea International Diabetes Federation (IDF) e phatlalalitsoe bakeng sa litsebi tsa bongaka le bafuputsi ba amehang ka bongaka, ba phatlalatsa lingoliloeng tsa boleng bo holimo tsa saense le litlhahlobo tsa litsebi lefapheng la lefu la tsoekere le masimo a amanang le ona. Makasine e phatlalalitsoe ke sehlopha sa Elsevier.

Thutong ea bongaka (teko), teko ea bongaka - thuto ea mahlale e entsoeng ka ho nka karolo ha batho ho lekola polokeho le katleho ea moriana o mocha, ho holisa matšoao a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa sesebelisoa sa kalafo se seng se ntse se tsebahala.

Liteko tsa bongaka ke karolo ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea lithethefatsi kapa lisebelisoa tsa kalafo, pele ho ngoliso ea tsona le qalo ea tšebeliso e atileng ea bongaka.

JrfJuvenile Diabetes Research Foundation ke mokgatlo oa liphallelo o thehiloeng ka 1970 o tšehetsang thuto ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. Ntlo-kholo ea mokhatlo e New York, makala a eona a literekeng tse ngata tsa Amerika, le linaheng tse ling (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Israel, Netherlands le UK).

Ngaka ea Bohlale, PhD, Ph.D. Philosophiæ, Ngaka , Univesithing ea Oxford - Ngaka ea Philosophy, D.Phil. - linaheng tse kantle ena ke degree e fuoang mokopi kamora ho itokisetsa le ho itšireletsa mosebetsing oa ho fumana mangolo - lengolo la bongaka. Lebitso la degree eo le amana ka kotloloho le filosofi, empa e le mohala oa moetlo.

Thutong ea Serussia, degree ea Doctor of Philosophy e tsamaisana hantle le boemo ba Doctor of Philosophy ka nepo.

Ho la USA, degree ea Doctor of Science e teng liunivesithing ka bonngoe (Sc.D. - Doctor of Science) le eona e nkuoa e lekana le Ph.D.

Lithuto tsa postdoctoral, lithuto tsa postdoctoral, li-postdocs - Europe Bophirima, Amerika Leboea le Australia, thuto ea mahlale e entsoeng ke rasaense ea sa tsoa amohela Ph.D. Ka hona, rasaense ea kenyelletsang thutong e joalo o bitsoa seithuti sa postdoctoral.

Lithala tsa calcium calcium, li-blockchainer tse liehang ho feta tsa calcium, BMKK, bahanyetsi ba calcium - sehlopha se matla sa lithethefatsi tse hlahisitsoeng ka mokhoa oa matlapa, dragees, tharollo ea methapo le tharollo ea ente tse nang le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang, empa li fapana ka thepa e 'maloa, ho kenyelletsa le pharmacokinetics, phello lebelo la pelo, seletso se itseng.

Mochine o ka sehloohong oa ts'ebetso ea li-calcium channel blockers ke thibelo ea ho kenella ha ion ea calcium ho tloha sebakeng se pakeng tsa methapo ea methapo ea pelo le methapo ea mali ka lisele tsa calcium tsa butle-butle tsa L. Lithane tsa "calcium calcium blockers", tse fokotsang khoholeho ea Ca 2+ ions ho lisele tsa pelo le mesifa tse boreleli, li holisa methapo ea methapo le methapo ea methapo, le ho ba le phello e boletsoeng.

Moemeli oa pele oa bohlokoahali oa li-calcium blockers, verapamil, o ile a fumanoa ka selemo sa 1961 ka lebaka la liteko tsa ho kopanya li-analogues tse sebetsang tsa papaverine, tse nang le phello e matla. Ka 1966, motsoako oa bobeli oa khalsiamo, nifedipine, o ile oa etsoa, 'me ka 1971, diltiazem. Verapamil, nifedipine le diltiazem kajeno ke baemeli ba ithutileng haholo ba li-blockers tsa calcium calcium.

RELEBOHILE (The Reways for Geographic And Racial Difference in Stroke), projeke e tšehelitsoeng ke National Institutes of Health (NIH), ke thuto ea naha e batlang ho fumana lintlha tse ling tse eketsang kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la pelo.

Insulin, "insulin" ke "protein" ea peptide tlhaho, e etselitsoeng liseleng tsa beta tsa li-pancreatic tsa Langerhans. Insulin e na le phello e kholo ea metabolism hoo e batlang e le liseleng tsohle, ha ts'ebetso ea eona e ka sehloohong ke ho fokotsa (ho boloka tsoekere e tloaelehileng) tsoekere maling.

Insulin hape e eketsa phumano ea membrane ea plasma bakeng sa tsoekere, e kenya tšebetso ea bohlokoa li-enzymes tsa glycolysis, e matlafatsa sebopeho sa glycogen ka har'a sebete le mesifa ho tsoa glucose, mme e ntlafatsa sebopeho sa protheine le mafura.Ho feta moo, insulin e thibela tšebetso ea li-enzyme tse felisang mafura le glycogen.

Ho ithuta ka sefapano, ho ithuta ka likarolo tse ling, ho sekaseka taba molemong oa mofuta o mong oa lipatlisiso tsa bonono, tse kenyelletsang tlhahlobo ea data e bokelletsoeng nako e le 'ngoe.

Teko e laoloang e sa sebetsoang le haeba patlisiso, RCT, teko e laoloang e sa reroang, teko ea taolo e sa reroang, RCT - mofuta oa liteko tsa mahlale, tseo hangata barupeluoa ba arotsoeng ka lihlopha tse peli, litšoantšo tse sa reroang. Sehlopheng sa pele, ho kenella lipatlisiso, 'me ho sebelisitsoe mokhoa oa bobeli, taolo, mekhoa e tloaelehileng.

Lisele tsa pancreatic, lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans - lisaele tsa lisele tse hlahisang li-hormone (endocrine), haholo mohatleng oa manyeme.

Ho na le mefuta e mehlano ea lisele tsa pancreatic:

Glucagon e hlahisang lisele tsa alpha (mohanyetsi oa tlhaho oa insulin)
Lisele tsa Beta tse fanang ka insulin (li sebelisa liprotheine tsa receptor tse tsamaisang tsoekere liseleng tsa 'mele, li kenya motsoako oa glycogen ka har'a sebete le mesifa, e thibela gluconeogeneis),
Lisele tsa secatting tsa Somatostatin (tse thibelang sephiri sa litšoelesa tse ngata),
Lisele tsa PP tse fanang ka polypeptide ea pancreatic (e hatella sephiri sa manyeme le e tsosang secretion ea lero la gastric),
Lisele tsa Epsilon li secha ghrelin (takatso e matla ea takatso).

Sehloohong se reng "Verapamil e fokotsa tsoekere ea mali ho" mellitus "ea lefu la tsoekere, lisele tsa" pancreatic "li utloisisoa e le e leng lisele tsa beta. Glycated hemoglobin, hemoglobin e glycosylated, glycogemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, Hb_A1c - letšoao la biochemical la mali, le bonts'ang lintlha tsa "glucose" tse ngata maling ka nako e telele (ho fihlela likhoeli tse tharo).

1% Hb_A1c_, eo Dr. Anat Shalev a buang ka yona e tsamaellana le dikahare

1,3-1.4 mmol / litha. Leha ho bonahala ho se na bohlokoa ba letšoao lena, ho fokotseha hoa Hb_A1c ke 1% feela e fanang ka maikutlo a hore: monyetla oa ho khaoloa kapa ho shoa ka lebaka la lefu la methapo ea pelo le fokotsehile ka liperesente tse 43, monyetla oa likatse tse rarahaneng o fokotsehile (o ka lebisang ho opereishene - ho tlosoa ha lefu la pelo), mme monyetla oa ho ba le lefu la pelo le fokotsehile ka 16% ho haella. Protheine ea Thioredoxin e Sebetsang, TXNIP, protheine e kenang ea thioredoxin - proteni e kentsoeng ke mofuta oa TXNIP 'meleng oa motho. TXNIP ke setho sa lelapa la protheine ea alpha-bindin (e amehang taolong ea phetiso ea matšoao ho HVHF (G-protein coupept receptors).

TXNIP e thibela tšebetso ea antioxidant ea thioredoxin, e lebisang ho bokelleng ha mefuta ea oksijene e sebetsang le khatello ea methapo. TXNIP e sebetsa hape e le taolo ea metabolism ea cellular le "khatello ea maikutlo" ea endoplasmic reticulum, hape e ka sebetsa joalo ka tumello ea tumor.

TXNIP e amana ka ho toba le hyperglycemia (hyperglycemia e thusa ho sithabela ha oxidative ka ho thibela mesebetsi ea thioredoxin reductase (enzyme feela e tsejoang e fokotsang thioredoxin).

Ho antianginal lithethefatsi li kenyelletsa lithethefatsi bakeng sa kalafo ea angina pectoris.

Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome, WPW syndrome ke motsoako oa semelo sa pelo, haholoholo e hlahisoa ke arrhythmia, hangata e sa atisoe ke paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias (lefufuru la lefutso, fibrillation ea atrial, supraventricular reciprocal tachyarrhythmias).

Boloetse ba Wolff-Parkinson-White hangata bo iponahatsa khahlano le semelo sa mafu a pelo - mitral valve prolapse, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Ebstein anomaly. Ho hloleha ka molomo (ho ea ka ICD-10 - N17-N19) - ts'oaetso ea ts'ebetso ea renal e sa sebetseng, e lebisang bothateng ba naetrojene, electrolyte, metsi le mefuta e meng ea metabolism, e ka hlahang, ho kenyelletsa oliguria, polyuria, proteinuria (proteni e felletseng ka har'a moroto) , glucosuria (ketonuria e ka kenella ho lefu la tsoekere), liphetoho ho acidity ea moroto, uremia, hematuria, anemia, dyspepsia, khatello ea mali.

Ho hloleha ha renal haholo (ho hloleha ho hlaba renal, ho ea ka ICD-10 - N17) - ho senyeha hoa ts'ohanyetso ha renal ho sebetsa le ho fokotseha ha filtration le reabsorption.

Ho hloleha ho ts'oarela ha renal (CRF, ho ea ka ICD-10 - N18) ke boemo boo ka lona, ka lebaka la lefu la liphio le ntseng le tsoela pele, lefu le tlang butle-butle la lisele tsa menoana. Lebaka le atileng haholo la ho hloleha ha liphio ke lefu la tsoekere.

33% ea linyeoe) le khatello e phahameng ea mali (arterial) (

25% ea linyeoe). Maemong a mang a mangata, lisosa tsa ho se sebetse hantle ha seso ke lefu la fig.

Mokhoa o bonolo le o theko e tlase haholo oa ho bona phetoho ho pH ea moroto ke litokomane tsa tlhahlobo ho pH ea moroto, leha ho le joalo ka lefu la tsoekere ho loketse haholoanyane ho sebelisa lipampiri ho li-ketones.

Ho Nona Haholo - phumano ea mafura, phaello ea boima ba 'mele ka lebaka la lisele tsa adipose ka lebaka la ho ja lijo tse ngata le / kapa tšebeliso ea matla. Kajeno, botenya bo nkuoa e le lefu le sa foleng la metabolic (ho ea ka ICD-10 - E66), le ntseng le hola ka nako efe kapa efe, le bonahatsoa ke ho eketseha ho hoholo ha boima ba 'mele, haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho bokellana ha lithane tsa adipose ka bongata.

Ho nona haholo ho tsamaisana le ho eketseha ha maemo a bophelo bo botle ba 'mele le ho shoa ha batho ka bongata. Kajeno, ho se ho thehiloe hore botenya ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tsa nts'etsopele ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.

Ha a ngola litaba tsa hore bo-rasaense ba Amerika ba thehile khokahano lipakeng tsa ho nka Verapamil le ho theola maemo a tsoekere ea mali ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, lisebelisoa tse sebelisitsoeng e ne e le lintlha le lits'ebetso tsa inthanete, libaka tsa litaba tsa lefu la tsoekereResearchClinicalPractice.com, Lithethefatsi. com, NIH.giv, JDRF.org, GeneCards.org, ScienceDaily.com, Med.SPbU.ru, VolgMed.ru, Wikipedia, le lingoliloeng tse latelang:

Leia Yu. Ya. "Tlhatlhobo ea litholoana tsa tlhahlobo ea mali le ea moroto." Ho hatisa ntlo MEDpress-tsebisa, 2009, Moscow,
Henry M. Cronenberg, Shlomo Melmed, Kenneth S. Polonsky, P. Reed Larsen, "Lefu la tsoekere le carbohydrate metabolism". Ntlo ea phatlalatso "GEOTAR-Media", 2010, Moscow,
A. John Kam, Thomas F. Lusher, Patrick W. Serruis (bahlophisi) “Mafu a pelo le methapo ea mali. Tataiso ea Mokhatlo oa Europe oa Cardiology. ” Ntlo ea phatlalatso "GEOTAR-Media", 2011, Moscow,
Peter Hin, Bernhard O. Boehm “Lefu la tsoekere. Boloetse, kalafo, taolo ea mafu. " Ntlo ea phatlalatso "GEOTAR-Media", 2011, Moscow,
Potemkin V.V. "Endocrinology. Tataiso ea lingaka. ” Ntlo ea Boitsebiso ea Bongaka ea Bongaka, 2013, Moscow,
Jacques Wallach “Liteko tsa Bohlokoa tsa Bongaka. Professional Medical Encyclopedia. " Ntlo ea Khatiso ea Exmo, 2014, Moscow,
Tolmacheva E. (mohlophisi) "Vidal 2015. Reference Vidal. Mayeza Russia. ” Ntlo ea phatlalatso ea Vidal Rus, 2015, Moscow.

Sengoloa sa mantlha sa "Bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ba sebelisang verapamil ba na le maemo a tlase a tsoekere, show ea data". E fetoletsoe ke Julia Korn, tloaelo – basebetsi ba bongoli.