Tlhophiso ea mefuta ea insulin le ts'ebeliso ea tsona

Ho hlahisoa ha insulin 'meleng oa rona hoa fapana. E le hore li-hormone li kene maling li etsise tlhahiso ea tsona ea morao-rao, bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba hloka mefuta e fapaneng ea insulin. Litlhare tseo tse khonang ho lula ka har'a thipa e telele ka nako e telele ebe butle-butle li tsoa ho eona li kena maling li sebelisetsoa ho tloaela glycemia lipakeng tsa lijo. Insulin, e fihle kapele maling, e ea hlokahala bakeng sa ho tlosa tsoekere e tsoang lijaneng lijong.

Haeba mefuta le litekanyetso tsa lihormone li khethiloe ka nepo, glycemia ho lefu la tsoekere le batho ba phetseng hantle e fapana hanyane. Maemong ana, ba re lefu la tsoekere le buseletsoe. Matšeliso a lefu lena ke sepheo sa mantlha sa kalafo.

Ke li-insulin life tse arotsoeng ka bongata?

Insulin ea pele e fumanoe phoofolo, kaha joale e ntlafalitsoe ka makhetlo a fetang le le leng. Hona joale lithethefatsi tse hlahang liphoofolong ha li sa sebelisoa, li ile tsa nkeloa sebaka ke li-enjine tsa boenjiniere tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le mofuta o mocha oa insulin. Mefuta eohle ea "insulin" eo re nang le eona e ka aroloa ho ea ka sebopeho sa molek'hule, nako ea ts'ebetso le sebopeho.

Tharollo ea ente e ka ba le lihormone tsa likarolo tse fapaneng:

  1. Motho. O fumane lebitso lena hobane o pheta ka botlalo sebopeho sa insulin ka har'a makhopho a rona. Leha ho bile le tšebelisano e phethahetseng ea limolek'hule, nako ea mofuta ona oa insulin e fapane le ea 'mele. Hormone e tsoang makhophong e kena maling kapele, ha lihormone tsa maiketsetso li nka nako ho monya ho tsoa lithong tse ka tlasana.
  2. Insulin analogue. Ntho e sebelisitsoeng e na le sebopeho se tšoanang le sa insulin ea motho, ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea ho theola tsoekere. Ka nako e ts'oanang, masala a amino acid e le 'ngoe molek'huleng a nkeloa sebaka ke e' ngoe. Ho feto-fetoha hona ho u lumella ho potlakisa kapa ho liehisa ketso ea lihormone e le hore u phete ka hloko sebopeho sa 'mele.

Mefuta ka bobeli ea insulin e hlahisoa ke boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso. Hormone ena e fumanoa ka ho e qobella ho kopanya likokoana-hloko tsa Escherichia coli kapa tomoso, ka mor'a moo lithethefatsi li itlhoekisa hangata.

Fuoa nako ea ts'ebetso ea insulin e ka aroloa ka mefuta e latelang:

ShebaFeatureHo khethoaSebopeho sa insulin
UltrashortQala 'me u qete ho sebetsa ka potlako ho feta lithethefatsi tse ling.Kena pele ho sejo se seng le se seng, tekanyetso e baloa ho latela lik'habohaedreite tse fumanehang ka har'a lijo.analog
NakoanaTs'ebetso ea ho theola tsoekere e qala ka halofo ea hora, nako ea mantlha ea mosebetsi e ka ba lihora tse 5.motho
Ketso ea maharengE etselitsoe phepelo ea tsoekere ea nako e telele (ho fihlela lihora tse 16) maemong a tloaelehileng. Ha e khone ho lokolla mali kapele ho tsoekere ka mor'a ho ja.Ba enta makhetlo a 1-2 ka letsatsi, ba tlameha ho boloka tsoekere bosiu le thapama pakeng tsa lijo.motho
Nako e teleleO khethiloe ka lipheo tse tšoanang le tsa bohareng. Ke khetho ea bona e ntlafalitsoeng, ba sebetse nako e telele ho feta moo.analog

Ho latela sebopeho, litlhare li arotsoe ka tsela e le 'ngoe le biphasic. Tse fetileng li na le mofuta o le mong feela oa "insulin", e qetellang e kopanya li-insulin tse khutšoane kapa tse bohareng le tse kholo tsa lihomone ka bolelele bo fapaneng.

Ultrashort insulin

Ho qaleha ha insulin ea ultrashort e bile bohato ba bohlokoa bo lebileng pele ho fumana matšeliso bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere. Boemo ba liketso ho bona bo haufi haholo le mosebetsi oa lihormone tsa tlhaho. Boithuto bo bonts'itse hore ts'ebeliso ea mofuta ona oa insulin e ka fokotsa tsoekere e tloaelehileng ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ea fokotsa kotsi ea bona ea hypoglycemia le ho hanyetsa.

Mefuta ea insulin ea insulin e thathamisitsoe ka tatellano ea ponahalo marakeng:

Ntho e sebetsangKetso, qala, metsotso / boholo, lihora / ho fela, lihoraLithethefatsi tsa mantlhaMelemo holim'a lithethefatsi tsa mofuta o le mong
lizpro15 / 0,5-1 / 2-5HumalogueE amoheloa hore e sebelisoe baneng ho tloha ho tsoalo, aspart - ho tloha ho lilemo tse 2, glulisin - ho tloha ho lilemo tse 6.
aspart10-20 / 1-3 / 3-5NovoRapidHo nolofalloa ha ho tsamaisoa ka tekanyetso e nyane. Moqapi o fane ka ts'ebeliso ea li-cartridge ka lipeneng tsa syringe ka likhahla tsa likarolo tsa 0.5.
glulisin15 / 1-1,5 / 3-5ApidraTharollo e loketseng ea lipompo tsa insulin, ka lebaka la likarolo tse thusang, tsamaiso ea mmuso ha e khone ho koala. Boholo ba bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba hloka tekanyo e tlase ha ba bapisoa le "aspart" le "insulin". Ka mafolofolo ho feta mefuta e meng e kenelletse maling maling a batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.

Melemo e thathamisitsoeng ka har'a tafole ha e bohlokoa ho batho ba bangata ba lefu la tsoekere, ka hona u ka khetha leha e le efe ea lithethefatsi tsena bakeng sa kalafo ea insulin. Ho fetola insulin e le 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho hlokahala feela ka ho se mamellane likarolo tsa moriana, tse leng ka seoelo.

Insulin e khutsoanyane

Mofuta ona o kenyelletsa insulin e hloekileng ea motho, ho seng joalo e bitsoa khafetsa. Boemo ba liketso tsa litokisetso tse khutšoane ha bo tsamaisane hantle le ea 'mele. E le hore ba be le nako ea ho eketsa mosebetsi oa bona, ba lokela ho hlajoa halofo ea hora pele ho lijo. Ho lokela hore ho be le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata tse liehang ho ja. Tlas'a maemo ana, ho phalla ha tsoekere maling ho tla tsamaellana le tlhoro ea "insulin" e khutšoane.

Nako eohle ea ts'ebetso ea lithethefatsi tsa mofuta ona e fihla ho lihora tse 8, phello e kholo e fela kamora lihora tse 5, ka hona insulin e lula maling ha glucose e tsoang lijong e se e nkiloe. Ho qoba hypoglycemia, batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba qobelloa ho ba le lijo tse eketsehileng.

Leha ho na le mefokolo, li-insulin tse khutšoane hangata li laeloa lefu la tsoekere. Boitlamo ba lingaka bo bakoa ke boiphihlelo ba bona bo bongata ka lithethefatsi tsena, theko ea bona e tlase, le ts'ebeliso e atileng.

Mefuta ea insulin e nkang nakoana:

Mefuta ea insulin le liphapang tsa tsona tse ka sehloohong

Mefuta ea insulin le liphapang tsa tsona tse ka sehloohong5 (100%) li vouta 1

Ho fumana insulin le ts'ebeliso ea eona ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ho entse phetoho e kholo bophelong ba ba bangata. Ka bohlokoa ba lipatlisiso tsa bongaka, ponahalo ea insulin e ka bapisoa feela le lithibela-mafu.

Insulin e ile ea namela ka potlako, ea fetoha mokhoa o atlehileng oa ho pholosa bophelo ba batho ba makholo a likete. Ho na le mokelikeli o mongata oa insulin, o kenyelletsang tšobotsi ea li-hormone ka litsela tse ngata. Sehloohong sena, ke tla leka ho pepesa mefuta eohle ea insulin le litlamorao tsa eona.

Sehlopha se hlophisitsoeng

Litokisetso tsohle tsa kajeno tsa insulin, tse hlahisoang ke likhamphani tsa meriana tsa lefats'e, li fapana ka mekhoa e mengata. Likarolo tsa mantlha tsa sehlopha sa insulin ke:

  • tšimoloho
  • lebelo la ho kenella ts'ebetsong ha le kenngoa 'meleng le nako ea phello ea kalafo,
  • tekanyo ea bohloeki ba moriana le mokhoa oa ho itlhoekisa ka har'a li-hormone.

Ho ipapisitse le tšimoloho, sehlopha sa litokisetso tsa insulin se kenyeletsa:

  1. Tlhaho - biosynthetic - Lithethefatsi tsa tlhaho ea tlhaho li hlahisitsoeng li sebelisa makhopho a likhomo. Mekhoa e joalo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea litheipi tsa insulin GPP, ultralente MS. Actrapid insulin, insulrap SPP, monotard MS, semilent mme ba bang ba hlahisoa ba sebelisa li-pancreas tsa likolobe.
  2. Litlhare kapa mefuta e ikhethileng ea insulin. Meriana ena e etsoa ka mekhoa ea boenjiniere ea lefutso. Insulin e hlahisoa ho sebelisoa theknoloji ea DNA recombinant. Ka tsela ena, li-insulin tse kang actrapid NM, homofan, isofan NM, humulin, ultratard NM, monotard NM, joalo-joalo li etsoa.

Ho latela mekhoa ea ho itlhoekisa le ho hloeka ha moriana o hlahang, insulin e khetholloa:

  • selikalikoe ebile ha se lebitso - ruppa e kenyeletsa boholo ba "insulin" ea setso. Tse neng li hlahisoa pejana sebakeng sa Rephabliki ea Russia, ka nako ena sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi ha se hlahisoe Russia,
  • hlatsuoe ebile e hloekisoa ka lijana, litokisetso tsa sehlopha sena li na le mofuta o le mong kapa o le mong,
  • sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa li-insulin tsa monocomponent.

Sehlopha sa "crystallised" le "se" hlatsoetsoa ke limolek'hule tse tsamaeang le "chionatography" e kenyeletsa insulin Actrapid, Insulrap, Actrapid MS, Semilent MS, Monotard MS le Ultralent MS.

Classified ho latela lebelo le nako ea ts'ebetso ea insulin ho kenyelletsa lihlopha tse latelang tsa lithethefatsi.

Lithethefatsi tse nang le ketso e potlakileng le e khuts'oane. Mokha ona o kenyelletsa lithethefatsi tse kang Actrapid, Actrapid MS, Actrapid NM, Insulrap, Homorap 40, Insuman Rapid le ba bang ba bang.

Nako ea ts'ebetso ea meriana ena e qala metsotso e 15-30 ka mor'a hore tekanyetso e fuoe mokuli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere. Nako ea phello ea kalafo e bonoa bakeng sa lihora tse 6-8 kamora ho kenngoa.

Motsoako o nang le nako e khutsitseng ea ketso. Sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi se kenyelletsa Semilent MS, - Humulin N, hempe ea Humulin, Homofan, - theipi, tepi ea MS, Monotard MS.

Lithethefatsi tsa sehlopha sena sa li-insulin li qala ho sebetsa ka mor'a lihora tse 1-2 ka mor'a ente, lithethefatsi li nka lihora tse 12-16. Mokha ona o boetse o kenyelletsa lithethefatsi tse kang Iletin I NPH, Iletin II NPH, Insulong SPP, insulin tape GPP, SPP, e qalang ho etsa lintho ka lihora tse 2-4 kamora ho kenngoa.

'Me nako ea ts'ebetso ea insulin mokhatlong ona ke lihora tse 20-25.

Meriana e rarahaneng, e kenyelletsang insulin ea nako e telele le li-insulin tse sebetsanang le nako e khutšoane. Mefuta ea sehlopha sena e qala ho nka metsotso e 30 kamora ho kenngoa ha lefu la tsoekere 'meleng oa motho,' me nako ea phetoho ena e tloha ho lihora tse 10 ho isa ho tse 24.

Litokisetso tse rarahaneng li kenyelletsa Aktrafan NM, Humulin M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, insuman comb. 15.85, 25.75, 50.50.

Lithethefatsi tse sebetsang nako e telele. Mokha ona o kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka tse nang le bophelo bo sebetsang 'meleng ho tloha lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 28. Mokha ona oa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka o kenyelletsa ultra-tepi, Ultra-tape NM, Ultra-Tepi NM, insulin super-tape SPP, humulin ultra-tepi, ultratard NM.

Khetho ea meriana e hlokahalang bakeng sa kalafo e etsoa ke endocrinologist ka liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele oa mokuli.

Insulin ke lihormone tse tsoang ho manyeme a rona tse theolang le ho laola litekanyetso tsa tsoekere ea mali.

Ho mafu a metabolic, haholo-holo lefu la tsoekere, ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa palo e hlokahalang ea insulin le bokhoni ba 'mele ba ho e hlahisa hoa khathatseha.

Maemong ana, endocrinologist e fana ka litlhare tse ka hlahisang khaello ena. Li-insulin tsohle li khetholloa ka lebelo la ho qala ha tsona le nako ea phello, hammoho le ka tšimoloho.

Mefuta ea insulin mabapi le lebelo le nako ea ketso:

  1. ho sebetsa ka potlako (ho bonolo) kapa insulin e nkang nakoana,
  2. lietsahala insulin
  3. nako e telele ea ketso
  4. insulin e telele kapa ea nako e telele,
  5. kopaneng (kapa e kopaneng).

Litokisetso tsa "insulin" tsa "insulin" li qala ho nka khato hang kamora ho kenngoa 'meleng, ho fihla sehlohlolong ka nako e ka etsang hora le halofo, ebe li nka lihora tse 3-4 kaofela. Li-insulin tse joalo li tsamaisoa hang pele kapa ka mor'a lijo: lijo tsa hoseng, lijo tsa motšeare, lijo tsa mantsiboea.

Li-insulin tse joalo tsa ultrashort li kenyelletsa Insulin Apidra, Novo-Rapid, le Insulin Humalog.

Li-insulin tse khutšoane li qala ho sebetsa metsotso e ka bang 20-30, phello e phahameng e etsahala ka mor'a lihora tse 2-3 ka mor'a tsamaiso, nako eohle ea ketso e ka bang lihora tse 5-6. Li-insulin tse khutšoane li fanoa pele ho lijo, khefu hangata e lula lipakeng tsa ente le lijo - metsotso e 10-15.

Ha o sebelisa li-insulin tse khutšoane, o hloka ho ba le "seneke", hoo e ka bang lihora tse 2-3 ka mor'a ente, nako ea lijo e lokela ho tsamaellana le nako ea tlhoro ea litekanyetso. Li-insulin tse khutšoanyane: "Insulin Actrapid", "Humulin Regular", "Insuman Rapid", "Humodar", "Monodar" (K50, K30, K15).

Sehlopha sa li-insulin tse mahareng se kopanya insulin tseo tse nang le nako ea ho pepesa lihora tse 12-16.

Lithethefatsi tse joalo li hloka liente tse 2-3 ka letsatsi, hangata li na le nako ea lihora tse 8-12, kaha li qala ho "sebetsa" kamora lihora tse ka bang 2-3, 'me phello e phahameng e hlaha kae kae kamora lihora tse 6-8.

Li-insulin "tse joalo" li kenyelletsa Protafan, Insulin Humulin NPH, Humodar br, Insuman Bazal, Insulin Novomiks.

Li-insulin tse nkang nako e telele kapa tse telele li bapala karolo ea "basement", insulin insulin. Lithethefatsi tse joalo li sebelisoa makhetlo a 1-2 ka letsatsi. Ba na le thepa ea "ho bokella" 'meleng, ke hore, phello e phahameng e tla iponahatsa ka matsatsi a 2-3, empa li-insulin tsa nako e telele li qala ho "sebetsa" kamora lihora tse 4-6 kamora ho kenngoa.

Lithethefatsi tse kenyelelitsoeng sehlopheng sena ke: "Insulin Lantus", "Monodar Long", "Monodar Ultralong", "Ultralente", "Ultralong", "Humulin L". Har'a li inshorense tse nkileng nako e telele, ho na le li-insulin tse "se nang letho", tse sa faneng ka matla a maholo, li sebetsa ka bonolo ebile li batla li nka sebaka sa insulin ea motho ea phetseng hantle.

Li-insulin tse se nang thuso: Levemir, Lantus.

Mefuta ea insulin ka tlhaho:

  1. insulin ea likhomo - e fumanoang ho makhopho a likhomo, e fapane hantle le insulin ea motho, hangata ho kulisa. Litokisetso: "Insulrap GPP", "Ultralent", "Ultralent MS".
  2. nama ea kolobe - e fapana le insulin ea motho ho amino acid e le 'ngoe feela, empa e ka baka le karabelo. Litokisetso: "Monodar ultralong", "Monodar Long", "Monodar K" (15.30.50), "Monosuinsulin" le "Insulrap SPP".
  3. analogue ea insulin ea motho le insulin ea tlhaho.

Li-insulin tsena li fumanoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng: khetlong la pele, insulin ea motho e entsoe ka ho sebelisa Escherichia coli, 'me ea bobeli e fumanoa porcine, ka ho "nkela" amino acid.

Likhoele tsa insulin ea motho li kenyelletsa: Actrapid, Novorapid, Lantus, Insulin Humulin, Insulin Humalog, Insulin Novomix, Protafan.

E le molao, liphutheloana tsa "insulin" li na le letšoao: litlhaku "MS" li bolela hore e hloekisoa monocomponent (karolo e le 'ngoe) insulin, mme "NM" ke analogue ea insulin ea motho.

Linomoro "40" kapa "100" - li supa palo ea li-insulin tsa hormone ho millilita e le 1 ea moriana. Insulin e phahameng haholo (e tsoang ho li-unit tse 100 ho millilita e le 'ngoe) e bitsoa penphilic.

Ho etsa ente ea lithethefatsi tse joalo, ho sebelisoa pene e khethehileng ea insulin.

Boitšoaro ba 'mele oa hau ho e' ngoe ea lithethefatsi tsena bo itšetlehile ka mamello ea hau le litloaelo tsa hau: phepo e ntle, ho ikoetlisa ka 'mele, ho itlopa joala. Se ke oa kenya letsoho litekong tsa ho itlhalosa: ke setsebi se nang le boiphihlelo feela se ka fanang ka insulin e nepahetseng bakeng sa hau.

Phallo ea mali ea Tagidiabetes

Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea insulin e sebelisetsoang ho phekola lefu la tsoekere. Li khetholloa ka lebelo la ho qala ha tsona le nako ea phello.

  • Lebelo le phahameng (khato e khuts'oanyane haholo)
  • Ketso e khutšoane
  • Nako e mahareng
  • Ketso ea nako e telele
  • Kopantsoe (e kopantsoe)

Tsamaiso ea United States ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi e lumelletse sethethefatsi sa "inhibation insulin inhalation" ka 2006. Empa ka 2007, k'hamphani ea litlama Pfizer e ile ea khaotsa ho rekisa lithethefatsi ka mabaka a lichelete.

Ke mofuta ofe oa insulin o loketseng tsoekere ea ka?

Ngaka ea hau e tla buisana le uena hore na ke mofuta ofe oa insulin o loketseng uena le lefu la hau la tsoekere. Qeto ena e latela lintlha tse ngata, mohlala:

  • Karabelo e le 'ngoe ea' mele oa hau ho insulin (nako ea ho kenngoa ha insulin 'meleng le nako ea ts'ebetso ea eona ho batho ba fapaneng e ka fapana).
  • Litloaelo tsa hau - mohlala, mofuta oa lijo tseo u li ratang, hore na u li noang hakae, haeba u li etsa ho hang, kapa hore na u ikoetlisa hakae - ke lintlha tse susumetsang tšebeliso ea 'mele ea hau ea insulin.
  • O batla ho iketsetsa liente tse kae ka letsatsi.
  • Ke hangata hakae u batlang ho hlahloba tsoekere ea hau ea mali.
  • Lilemo tsa hau.
  • Lebisa tsoekere ea hau ea mali.

Lethathamo le latelang le bonts'a mefuta ea mefuta ea insulin e nang le leseli le qaqileng la qaleho (nako ea pele insulin e kena molapong oa mali le qalong ea ketso ea eona ea ho theola tsoekere ea mali), tlhoro (nako eo insulin e theolelang tsoekere ea mali haholo) le nako ea ketso ea eona ( insulin e kae e ntse e tsoela pele ho theola tsoekere ea mali).

Matšoao ana a mararo a ka fapana ho latela karabelo ea 'mele oa hau. Kholomo ea ho qetela e bonts'a tšireletso ea likhakanyo tsa mefuta e meng ea lijo tsa insulin.

Mofuta oa insulin le lebitso la brandHo qala ketsoKetso ea tlhoroNako ea ketsoMosebetsi ho tsamaiso ea tsoekere ea mali
Lebelo le phahameng (khato e khuts'oanyane haholo)
Humalog kapa insulin lispro15-30 metsotso30-90 metsLihora tse 3-5Insulin e nkang nako e khuts'oane e khotsofatsa tlhoko ea insulin ea lijo tse jeoang ka nako e le ngoe le ente. Mofuta ona oa insulin o sebelisoa ka insulin ea nako e telele.
Novologist kapa insulin10-20 mets40-50 metsLihora tse 3-5
Epidera kapa Insulin Glulisin20-30 min30-90 metsLihora tsa 1-2½
Ketso e khutšoane
Humulin R kapa NovolinMetsotso e 30-hora e le 'ngoeLihora tse 2-55-8 lihoraInsulin e nkang nakoana e kopana le tlhoko ea insulin lijong tse jeoang metsotso e 30-60 kamora ho ente
Velosulin (e sebelisoa lipompong tsa insulin)Metsotso e 30-hora e le 'ngoeLihora tse 2-3Lihora tse 2-3
Nako e mahareng
Insulin NPH (N)Lihora tse 1-2Lihora tse 4-12Lihora tsa 18-24Nako ea Bohareng Insulin e khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa insulin hoo e ka bang halofo ea letsatsi kapa bosiu. Mofuta ona oa insulin hangata o kopantsoe le ultrashort kapa li-insulin tse khutšoane.
Insulin Lente (L)Lihora tsa 1-2½Lihora tse 3-10Lihora tsa 18-24
Ketso ea nako e telele
Ultralente (U)Lihora tse 30-3Lihora tse 10-20Lihora tse 20-25Insulin e sebetsang ka nako e telele, e koahela litlhoko tsa insulin letsatsi lohle. Mofuta ona oa insulin o atisa ho kopanngoa haeba ho na le tlhoko ea insulin ea nakoana le ea nakoana.
LantaseLihora tse 1-1½Ha ho na - ena ke insulin e se nang letho, e tšeloa maling khafetsaLihora tse 20-24
Levemir kapa Detemir (FDA E amohetsoe ka June 2005)Lihora tse 1-2Lihora tse 6-8Ho fihlela lihora tse 24
Ho kopantsoe
Humulin 70/3030 metsLihora tse 2-4Lihora tse 14-24Lithethefatsi tsena hangata li fanoa habeli ka letsatsi pele ho lijo.
Novolin 70/3030 metsLihora tse 2-12Ho fihlela lihora tse 24
Novologist 70/3010-20 metsLihora tse 1-4Ho fihlela lihora tse 24
Humulin 50/50Metsotso e 30Lihora tse 2-5Lihora tsa 18-24
Kopanya humalog 75/2515 mets.30 metsotso.-2½ lihoraLihora tse 16-20
* Motsoako oa insulin o lokiselitsoeng esale pele ke motsoako oa lipalo tse itseng tsa insulin ea nako e telele le nako e khutšoane ea insulin ho ampoule e le 'ngoe kapa ka penseng ea syringe (lipalo ka mor'a lebitso la lebitso li bontša liperesente tsa mofuta o mong le o mong oa insulin)

Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea "insulin" - "hormone" e hlophisitsoeng ka botsitso - ts'ebetso ea insulin ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tse sebetsang tsa ho theola maemo a tsoekere ea mali.

Insulin 'marakeng oa meriana e emeloa ke mefuta e fapaneng, ho latela tšimoloho, lebelo le boemo ba tlhoekiso.

Tlhotlhomiso ho latela molao-motheo oa ketso le nako

Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa mefuta e latelang ea lihormone:

  • Nakoana - e fanoa khafetsa, empa ka tekanyetso e nyane.
  • Medium - hangata e kopantsoe le lithethefatsi tse tsoang sehlopheng se fetileng, ntle le Hagedorn.
  • Nako e telele - e na le phello e bonolo ebile e betere ho feta mefuta e meng e etsisa tlhahiso ea insulin.

Li-insulin tse khutšoane

Ho hlahisoa ha lithethefatsi tsa sehlopha sena ho etsoa pele ketso ea ho ja, mme ketso ea hormone e joalo e qala kotara ea hora kamora ho ente. Boholo ba lethal dose bo ama ka kotloloho nako ea insulin, e ka nkang lihora tse 8.

O ka kenya lithethefatsi ka intramuscularly kapa subcutanely, 'me maemong a mang, ha mokuli a tšoeroe ke ketoacidosis kapa a le boemong ba lefu la lefu la tsoekere, ho kenngoa ente ea entravenous.

Mefuta ea insulin e telele kapa e telele

Li khetholloa ke ketso e telele, eo ka eona ba khonang ho bapala karolo ea nalane kapa nalane ea basal. Hangata, ho lekane hore mokuli a fuoe ente ea motsoako e 1-2 ka letsatsi ho boloka boemo bo tloaelehileng.

Tsena ke lisosa tse sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.

Litla-morao tsa ho pepesetsoa ha lihormone tse joalo li etsahala ka hora ea bohlano ka mor'a ho kenella, 'me phello e phethahetseng ke lihora tse 24, ka tlhoro ea lihora tse 14 kamora ts'ebetso.

Litsebi li ntse li eketseha ho fana ka tlhahiso ea tsoekere e fokotsang tsoekere ka nako e khuts'oane, e ts'oanang le ea tlhaho ho phello ea 'mele ka hormone e hlahisoang ke endocrine gland ka tsela ea tlhaho.

Setlhare se lokela ho fanoa hantle pele ho lijo, phello ea sona e tla qala ka metsotso e 10. Haeba mokuli a sa khone ho tseba hore na o tla nka lijo tse kae, tsamaiso ea lihormone e ka lieha ho fihlela qetellong ea lijo, ha palo ea lijo tse jeoang e le bonolo ho e tseba. Tlhōrō ea tšebetso e tla etsahala hora le halofo ka mor'a ente.

Phekolo ea insulin e lokela ho etsoa ho latela tumellano e hlophisitsoeng ke ngaka e eang, e bonts'ang ka botlalo nako ea ts'ebetso ea ntho e sebetsang.

Ho etsisa motho

Ba hlahisa protheine e ts'oanang le e hlahisoang 'meleng oa motho ka litsela tse peli. E 'ngoe ea tsona ke motsoako oa "insulin" ka Escherichia coli.

Mokhoa o mong ke ho theha homone ea protheine ea motho ho tsoa kolobe e hlahisitsoeng.

Karolo ea mokhoa ona ke ho tlosoa ha amino acid e qetellang e utloisang bohloko ho mokuli.

Monopic

Ho ntlafatsa boleng ba boitokisetso bo nang le insulin, eona, ntle le kristale, e kenngoa ka mokhoa o mong oa ho itlhoekisa - chromatography, filtration ea gel. Palo ea litšila ka tsela ena e ka fokotsoa ho 10-3. Meriana e joalo e ka bonoa ka ho tšoaea ho ho paka MR.

Monocomponent

Ho tšoaoa ha MS ho bontša hore tlhophiso ea "insulin" e ile ea hloekisoa khafetsa, ka lebaka leo ho fumanoang bohloeki bo haufi ba 100%. Sndo ea "limolek'hule" le "chromatography" e 'maloa ea phapanyetsano ea phofo e sebelisetsoa ho arola litšila.

Litsebi li tsitlallela hore mofuta oa kalafo ea insulin o ke keng oa khethoa, ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa meriana e hlahisitsoeng ke moetsi a le mong. Tlhokahalo ena e hlahisoa ke taba ea hore likarolo tse etsang meriana ea baetsi ba fapaneng ba khona ho hatella phello ea bobeli, kapa ka mokhoa o fapaneng, ho e matlafatsa, e ama boemo ba mokuli hampe.

Karohano e 'ngoe

Sehlopha sa hajoale sa litokisetso tsa insulin se kenyeletsa:

  • Mofuta oa insulin oa nako e telele kapa oa basal o ka etsisang mofuta oa tlhaho oa "hormone" ea "protein" ke manyeme. Hangata, ntho ena e etsoa ka nako e mahareng.
  • Nako e khuts'oane le ea ultrashort ea insulin. Matla a pele a qala kamora metsotso e 30 ho tloha nakong ea tsamaiso, ea bobeli e le kamora nako ea metsotso e 15.

Ha u khetha mofuta oa insulin o nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa, o lokela ho ela hloko lintlha tsa bohlokoa:

  • karabelo ea mokuli ho mofuta o itseng oa insulin,
  • Mokhoa oa bophelo oa mokuli, lijo tsa hae, boemo ba 'mele le litloaelo tse ling,
  • frequency e lekaneng ea ente
  • lilemo tsa mamello.

Khetho ea mofuta oa insulin e khethoa ke lefu ka boeona le litlhahiso tsa setsebi. Mokhoa oa ho iphekola oa lefu la tsoekere o thibetsoe ka thata.

Mefuta ea pele ea insulin e fumanoe feela lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo. Empa li ile tsa nkeloa sebaka ke lijo tse phethahetseng tse ntlafalitsoeng hantle tse ntseng li sebelisoa ho phekola lefu la tsoekere:

  1. Sebopeho sa motho (se fetotsoe). Hormone e 100% e lumellana le sebopeho sa ntho e hlahisoang ke manyeme a motho. Leha ho le joalo, ketso ea Hormone e hlophisitsoeng e qala ho tsoa lithong tse ka tlasa tsamaiso ka mor'a taolo. O hloka nako e eketsehileng ea ho kokobetsa. Hormone e hlahisoa ho Escherichia coli e fumanoang bathong.
  2. Insulin ea nama ea kolobe Haufi le motho ka moo ho ka khonehang, empa o haelloa ke amino acid e le karolo ea protheine. Ho fihlela ho ikamahanya le 'mele oa motho, porcine insulin e fetotsoe.
  3. Hormone e tsoang ho makhopho a likhomo. E na le li-amino acid tse tharo mme e ka baka allergies. Butle-butle, ts'ebeliso ea "insulin" ea "bovine" e fokotsoa ho "che."
  4. Hormone ea whale. E fapane haholo le mefuta e meng ea insulin, e sebelisoa maemong a motho ka mong. Mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso e felisitse tlhoko ea mofuta ona oa insulin.

Karolelano ea mefuta ea insulin ho latela liketso tsa eona e fapane haholo. Ke eena ea etsang khetho ea kalafo maemong a mang le a mang a lefu la tsoekere.

Tekanyo ea tlhoekiso ea moriana

Hoa khoneha ho khetholla insulin ho latela tekanyo ea tlhoekiso ea lisebelisoa tse tala. Ha bohloeki ba sehlahisoa bo le holimo, likarolo tse tsoang kantle ho mali li kena maling a motho ('me sena se ama mefuta e meng ea ho kulisa le litlamorao):

  • Ho hloekisa moetlo. Ho sebelisoa theknoloji ea liquefaction le crystallization. Kamora ho sebetsa, litšila li lula sehlahisoa.
  • Ho hloekisa monopick Taba ea pele, insulin e hloekisoa ka tsela ea setso, ebe e hloekisoa ka gel. Sehlahisoa sa ho qetela se lula se le litšila tse fokolang.
  • Ho hloekisa monokoli. Mohlala o phethahetseng bakeng sa ho hlohlona ha li-hormone, joalo ka molek'hule ea masole e sebelisoa hammoho le ion exchange chromatography. Hormone ha e na litšila 'me e mamelloa haholo ke bakuli ba bangata.

Sehlopha se tsebahalang sa insulin ke mofuta oa thepa e sebelisitsoeng hampe e sebelisoang.

Mefuta ea insulin: lithethefatsi li arotsoe ka mofuta, nako, lebitso

Liente tsa insulin hangata li kenngoa ka mpeng - sebaka se bonolo ka ho fetisisa. Empa u ka li kenya lethekeng, mahetleng, mabokoseng a holimo a li-buttocks. Ka linako tse ling ba sebelisa liente ka tlasa lehare.

Mokhoa oa sejoale-joale oa ho sebelisa lihormone ke lipompo tsa insulin. Li-dispens tse nyane li kentsoe sebakeng se itseng 'me li hlophiselitsoe ho tsamaisa lithethefatsi ka nako e itseng.

Ho na le mahlale a mang a ho tsamaisa tšebetso ea li- hormone - inhalation le transplantation. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso ea bona ha e e-so ntlafatsoe ka nepo bakeng sa tšebeliso e tsoelang pele ke bakuli ba bangata.

Khetho ea mofuta oa insulin e lokela ho etsoa ke endocrinologist, ea ithutileng liphetho tsa liteko tsa mokuli. Ho thibetsoe ka thata ho fetola litekanyetso, tsela ea tsamaiso, khothaletso ea mofuta - sena se ka baka lefu la lefu lena esita le lefu.

Phekolo ea insulin e laetsoe ho fihlela qetellong ea bophelo. Tsoelo-pele ea sejoale selemo se seng le se seng e fana ka tharollo bakeng sa bakuli, empa tumello ea ts'ebeliso ea eona ha e tiise litholoana tse ntle. Mekhoa e mengata ea liteko ha e khone ho fetisa katleho ea kalafo ea ente ea classical.

Matšoao a sebelisang insulin

Sesebelisoa se ka sehloohong sa kalafo ke kalafo ea mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere. Maemong a mang, e sebelisoa le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.

Tekanyetso e nyane ea insulin (5-10ED) e sebelisetsoa ho alafa hepatitis, cirrhosis sethaleng sa pele, ka mokhathala, furunculosis, acidosis, khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng, thyrotoxicosis.

Setlhare se ka sebelisoa ho felisa ts'ebetso ea methapo, ho phekola bokhoba ba joala, mefuta e meng ea schizophrenia.

Ha e le hantle, lithethefatsi li kenella ka har'a mesifa kapa ka tlasa letlalo, maemong a matla a nang le lefu la tsoekere le fanoa kahare.

Tekanyetso e hlokahalang ea moriana e khethoa ka bomong ho latela litholoana tsa tlhahlobo, incl. ya data ka boemo ba tsoekere, insulin maling, kahoo o ka fana feela ka litekanyetso tse amohelehang tse tloaelehileng.

Tekanyetso e hlokahalang ea insulin bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere le tsoa ho 10-40 ED ka letsatsi.

Ka komello ea lefu la tsoekere ka letsatsi, ha ho feta 100 IU e ka tsamaisoang ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, mme ka tsamaiso ea methapo, eseng ho feta 50 IU ka letsatsi.

Bakeng sa matšoao a mang, moriana o laetsoe ka tekanyetso e nyane - 6-10ED / letsatsi.

Bakeng sa ente ea insulin, ho sebelisoa syringe e khethehileng, ka nale e hahiloeng, moralo oa eona o fana ka tlhahiso ea tsohle tsa eona ntle le masala, e o lumellang ho latela tekanyo e nepahetseng ea lithethefatsi.

Pele o bokella insulin ka mokhoa oa ho emisoa ka syringe, lintho tse kahare tsa vial li lokela ho tsukutleha ho etsa emishene e tšoanang

Ka tloaelo, tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi e fanoa ka litekanyetso tse peli ho isa ho tse tharo. Ente e etsoa halofo ea hora, hora pele ho lijo. Ketso ea insulin, lethal e le 'ngoe ea eona, e qala kamora halofo ea hora, hora' me e nka lihora tse 4,8.

Ketso ea insulin e kenngoeng kahare kahare e qala kamora metsotso e 20-30. Boemo ba tsoekere bo theohela boemong ba pele kamora hora e le 'ngoe ho isa ho tse peli.

Insulin e hanyetsanoa ka: hepatitis e hlobaetsang, hemolytic jaundice, sebete cirrhosis, renal amyloidosis, urolithiasis, litšitiso tsa pelo tse emeng, lesapo la duodenal, mpa, mafu a tsamaeang le hypoglycemia.

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