Ramahlale oa inthanete

Tekanyetso e itseng le tsela ea tsamaiso li tla khothaletsoa feela ke ngaka e eang. Motsoako o tla beoa ho latela tsoekere e maling ea tsoekere ea mali le lihora tse peli kamora lijo. Ntle le moo, degree ea nako ea glucosuria le likarolo tsa eona li tla tsotelloa.

Gensulin r e ka tsamaisoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng (kahare, ka intramuscularly, ka mokhoa o ikhethileng) metsotso e 15-30 pele ho lijo tse reriloeng. Mokhoa o tummeng oa tsamaiso ke o poteletseng. Tse ling kaofela li tla ba maemong a joalo:

• le lefu la tsoekere la ketoacidosis,
• le lefu la tsoekere
• nakong ea ts'ebetso ea bongaka.

Khafetsa ea tsamaiso nakong ea ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea makoloi e tla ba makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi. Haeba ho hlokahala, palo ea liente e ka nyolohela ho makhetlo a 5-6 ka letsatsi.

Bakeng sa ho se hlahise lipodystrophy (atrophy le hypertrophy ea tishu e subcutaneous), ho hlokahala hore o fetole sebaka sa ente khafetsa.

Tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea lithethefatsi Gensulin r e tla ba:

• bakeng sa bakuli ba baholo - ho tloha ho 30 ho isa ho 40 unit (UNITS),
• bakeng sa bana - likarolo tse 8.

Ho feta moo, ka tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha, tekanyetso e tloaelehileng e tla ba 0.5 - 1 PIECES bakeng sa kilo e ngoe le e ngoe ea boima kapa ho tloha ho 30 ho isa ho 40 PIECES makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi.

Haeba tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi e tla feta 0,6 U / kg, joale boemong bona, moriana o lokela ho tsamaisoa ka mokhoa oa liente tse 2 likarolong tse fapaneng tsa 'mele.

Medicine e fana ka monyetla oa ho kopanya lithethefatsi Gensulin r le li-insulin tse sebetsang nako e telele.

Tharollo e lokela ho bokelloa ho tloha vial ka ho phunya sethala sa rabara ka nale e silang ea syringe.

Molao-motheo oa ho pepesehela 'mele

Setlhare sena se sebelisana le li-receptor tse ikhethang ho lera le ka ntle la lisele. Ka lebaka la ho ikopanya ho joalo, mochine o amohelang insulin o hlaha. Ha tlhahiso ea cAMP e eketseha liseleng tse mafura le tsa sebete kapa ha e kenella ka kotloloho liseleng tsa mesifa, motsoako o hlahisang insulin o qala ho susumetsa mekhoa ea methapo.

Ho theoha ha tsoekere ea mali ho bakoa ke:

1. kholo ea sephethe-phethe sa eona,
2. ho amoheloa ho eketsehileng, hammoho le ho monya ha eona ka lisele,
3. tsusumetso ea ts'ebetso ea lipogenesis,
4. protheine ea tlhaho
5. glycogeneis
6. ho fokotseha ha sekhahla sa tlhahiso ea tsoekere ke sebete.

Kamora ho ente ea subcutaneous, lithethefatsi Gensulin r li tla qala ho sebetsa nakong ea metsotso e 20-30. Phaello e phahameng ea ntho e tla bonoa kamora lihora tse 1-3. Nako ea ho pepesetsoa insulin ena e tla ipapisa ka ho otloloha mabapi le litekanyetso, mokhoa le sebaka sa tsamaiso.

Monyetla oa ho etsa lintho tse bohloko

Ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebeliso ea Gensulin r mekhoa e latelang e mebe ea mmele e ka etsahala:

• allergies (urticaria, ho hema hanyane, feberu, ho theola khatello ea mali),
• hypoglycemia (pallor, mofufutso, mofufutso o eketsehileng, tlala, ho thothomela, ho tšoenyeha ho feteletseng, hlooho e bohloko, khatello ea maikutlo, boits'oaro bo makatsang, pono e senyehileng le tumellano),
• hypoglycemic coma,
• lefu la tsoekere le hyperglycemia (e hlaha ka litekanyetso tse sa lekanang tsa moriana, ho ts'oaroa liente, ho hana lijo): letlalo le sefahleho, ho fokotseha ho matla ha takatso ea lijo, ho otsela, maikutlo a kamehla a lenyora,
• ho akheha
• mathata a nakoana a ho bona,
• liphetoho tse amanang le 'mele tse amanang le insulin ea motho.

Ntle le moo, qalong ea kalafo, ho ka ba le ho ruruha le ho holofala ho sa sebetseng. Matšoao ana a phahame haholo 'me kapele a nyamela.

Likarolo tsa ts'ebeliso

Pele o nka moriana oa "Gensulin" ho tsoa vial, o hloka ho hlahloba tharollo ea ho pepeseha. Haeba litopo tsa linaha tse ling li fumaneha ka har'a naha, ho lahla kapa ho honyetsa ntho, ho thibetsoe ka matla ho e sebelisa!

Ho bohlokoa hore u se lebale ka mocheso o nepahetseng oa tharollo e kenelletseng - e lokela ho ba mocheso oa kamore.

Litekanyetso tsa moriana li lokela ho fetoloa haeba ho ka etsoa mafu a itseng:

• ts'oaetso
• Lefu la Addison
• ke lefu la tsoekere ho bakuli ba lilemo tse fetang 65,
• ka mathata a sebetsang a qoqotho,
• hypopituitarism.

Litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia li ka fetoha: tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lithethefatsi, ho hlatsa lithethefatsi, ho hlatsa, ho ts'oaroa ha lijo, ho fetoha ha sebaka sa ente sejoalo, khatello ea mmele, hammoho le ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi tse ling.

Ho fokotseha ha tsoekere ea mali ho ka bonoa ha ho tloha insulin ea liphoofolo ho ea ho motho.

Phetoho efe kapa efe ho sesebelisoa se tsamaisitsoeng e lokela ho fanoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa bongaka mme e etsoe ka tlasa tlhokomelo ea ngaka e thata. Haeba ho na le tloaelo ea ho nts'etsapele hypoglycemia, ka nako ena bokhoni ba bakuli ba ho nka karolo ho sephethe-phethe sa tsela le tlhokomelo ea mechini, le likoloi tse itseng, bo kanna ba senyeha.

Litsebi tsa lefu la tsoekere li ka thibela ho ikemela ha hypoglycemia ka boomo. Sena se ka etsahala ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea nama e nyane ea lik'habohaedreite. Haeba hypoglycemia e fetisitsoe, joale ho bohlokoa ho tsebisa ngaka ea hau e tlang ka sena.

Nakong ea phekolo le Gensulin r, linyeoe tse ikhethileng tsa ho fokotseha kapa keketseho ea tekanyo ea lisele tsa mafura lia khoneha. Ts'ebetso e ts'oanang e bonoa haufi le libaka tsa ente. Ho a khonahala ho qoba ketsahalo ena ka ho fetola sebaka sa ente hangata.

Haeba insulin e sebelisoa nakong ea kemaro, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko hore nakong ea eona ea pele, tlhokahalo ea li-hormone ea fokotseha, 'me ea bobeli le ea boraro e eketseha haholo. Nakong ea tlhaho ea ngoana le hang ka mor'a bona, ho ka ba le tlhoko ea tlhoko ea 'mele ea liente tsa li-hormone.

Haeba mosali a anyesa, joale boemong bona o lokela ho ba tlasa tlhokomelo ea ngaka e haufi (ho fihlela nakong eo boemo bo tsitsitseng).

Bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba fumanang lipalo tse fetang 100 tsa Gensulin R mots'eare ba lokela ho kena sepetlele ha ba fetola lithethefatsi.

Tekanyo ea ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi tse ling

Ho latela pono ea meriana, lithethefatsi ha li tsamaisane le lithethefatsi tse ling.

Hypoglycemia e ka mpefatsa ke:

• sulfonamides,
• MAO inhibitors
• khalori ea anhydrase inhibitors,
• Li-inhibitors tsa ACE, NSAIDs,
• li-anabolic steroids
• androgens
• Litokisetso tsa Li +.

Litlamorao tse fapaneng le maemo a bophelo bo botle ba lefu la tsoekere (ho fokotsa hypoglycemia) li tla ba le tšebeliso ea Gensulin ka mekhoa e joalo:

1. lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo
2. liopture tsa loop
3. estrogens
4. matekoane
5. H1 histamine receptor blocker,
6. nikotine
7. glucagon
8. zangoloteár
9. epinephrine
10. clonidine
11. santantantanthuri
12. morphine.

Ho na le lithethefatsi tse ka amang 'mele ka litsela tse peli. Pentamidine, octreotide, reserpine, hammoho le beta-blockers ka bobeli ba ka ntlafatsa le ho fokolisa phello ea hypoglycemic ea lithethefatsi Gensulin r.

Insulin e haufinyane e sebetsang

ICD: Mellitus ea lefu la tsoekere e itšetlehileng ka insulin (mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere) E11 Mellitus e sa itšetleheng ka insulin (mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la 2 lefu la tsoekere)

Gensulin P - insulin ea motho e fumanoeng a sebelisa theknoloji ea DNA e kopantsoeng. Ke litokisetso tsa insulin tse haellang. E sebetsana le receptor e ikhethang ho membrane ea cytoplasmic e ka ntle ea lisele mme e theha motsoako oa "insulin-receptor" o khothalletsang ts'ebetso ea methapo, ho kenyelletsa lethathamo la li-enzyme tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase). Ho fokotseha ha tsoekere maling ho bakoa ke keketseho ea lipalangoang tsa eona tse makatsang, ho monya ho eketsehileng le ho ts'oaroa ha lisele, ho hlohlelletsoa hoaenogenis, glycogenogeneis, le phokotso ea sekhahla sa tlhahiso ea tsoekere ke sebete.
Nako ea ts'ebetso ea litokisetso tsa insulin e haholoholo ka lebaka la ho monya, ho ipapisitse le lintlha tse 'maloa (mohlala, tekanyetso, mokhoa le sebaka sa tsamaiso), ka hona boemo ba ts'ebetso ea insulin bo na le phapang e kholo, ho batho ba fapaneng le ka ho tšoana. motho.
Boemo ba ts'ebetso ka ente ea sc (lipalo tse hakanyetsoang): qaleho ea ts'ebetso kamora metsotso e 30, phello e kholo e bohareng ba nako pakeng tsa lihora tse 1 le 3, nako ea ts'ebetso e fihla ho lihora tse 8.

Phello ea ho monya le ho qaleha ha phello ea insulin ho latela tsela ea tsamaiso (s / c, i / m), sebaka sa ente ea ente (mpa, thipa, li-buttocks), lethal dose (bophahamo ba insulin e tsamaisitsoeng), le khatello ea "insulin" moo ho lokisoang. E ajoa ka mokhoa o sa lekanang liseleng tsohle: h ha e kenelle.

Fomu ea tokollo

Ha ua fumana tlhaiso-leseling eo u e hlokang?
Litaelo tse ling tse felletseng tsa lithethefatsi "gensulin r (gensulin r)" li ka fumanoa mona:

Lingaka tse ratehang!

Haeba u na le boiphihlelo ba ho fana ka moriana ona ho bakuli ba hau - arolelana sephetho (tlohela maikutlo)! Na moriana ona o thusitse mokuli, na ho bile le litla-morao life nakong ea kalafo? Phihlelo ea hau e tla khahla basebetsi-'moho le uena hammoho le bakuli.

Bakuli ba ratehang!

Haeba moriana ona o ne o reretsoe meriana ena 'me u bile le tlhahlobo ea kalafo, mpolelle hore na e ea sebetsa (hore na ea thusa), ho na le litla-morao, tseo u li ratang / tseo u sa li rateng. Batho ba likete ba batla tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ea meriana e fapa-fapaneng. Empa ke ba fokolang feela ba ba siileng. Haeba uena ka bouena u sa tlohele maikutlo ka taba ena - ba bang kaofela ha ba na seo ba ka se balang.

Sebopeho sa GENSULIN N

3 ml - li-cartridge (5) - khokahano ea lisele tsa contour.
3 ml - li-cartridge (625) - lipakete tsa karete.
10 ml - libotlolo (1) - lipakete tsa karete.
10 ml - libotlolo (144) - lipakete tsa karete.

Nako e mahareng ea insulin

Gensulin H - insulin ea motho e fumanoeng a sebelisa theknoloji ea DNA e kopantsoeng. Ke tokisetso ea insulin e mahareng. E sebetsana le receptor e ikhethang ho membrane ea cytoplasmic e ka ntle ea lisele mme e theha motsoako oa "insulin-receptor" o khothalletsang ts'ebetso ea methapo, ho kenyelletsa tlhahiso ea li-enzyme tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase, jj.). Ho fokotseha ha tsoekere maling ho bakoa ke keketseho ea lipalangoang tsa eona tse makatsang, ho monya ho eketsehileng le ho ts'oaroa ha lisele, ho hlohlelletsoa hoaenogenis, glycogenogeneis, le phokotso ea sekhahla sa tlhahiso ea tsoekere ke sebete. Nako ea ts'ebetso ea litokisetso tsa insulin e haholoholo ka lebaka la ho monya, ho ipapisitse le lintlha tse 'maloa (mohlala, tekanyetso, mokhoa le sebaka sa tsamaiso), ka hona boemo ba ts'ebetso ea insulin bo na le phapang e kholo, ho batho ba fapaneng le ka ho tšoana. motho.

Boemo ba ts'ebetso ea ente ea sc (lipalo tse hakanyetsoang): ho qala ha ts'ebetso kamora lihora tse 1.5, phello e phahameng e pakeng tsa lihora tse 3 ho isa ho tse 10, nako ea ts'ebetso e fihlile ho lihora tse 24.

Ho kenella ka botlalo le ho qala ha phello ea insulin ho itšetlehile ka sebaka sa ente (mala, thipa, buttocks), lethal dose (bophahamo ba insulin e kenang), khatello ea "insulin" litabeng tsa bongaka, jj. E senngoa ke insulinase haholo-holo ka har'a sebete le liphio. E hloekisoa ke liphio (30-80%).

Mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso le litekanyetso tsa GENSULIN N

Gensulin N e etselitsoe tsamaiso ea sc. Tekanyetso ea lithethefatsi e khethoa ke ngaka ka bonngoe boemong bo bong le bo bong, ho ipapisitse le boemo ba tsoekere maling. Ka karolelano, tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea lithethefatsi e tloha ho 0.5 ho 1 IU / kg boima ba 'mele (ho latela litšobotsi tsa motho ka mong le boemo ba tsoekere ea mali). Mocheso oa "insulin" o sebelisoang o lokela ho ba ka mocheso oa kamore.

Gensulin H hangata e kenella ka har'a letheba. Ho entoa ho ka etsoa le kahara mpa ea mpa ea mpa, kapa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa lehetla.

Hoa hlokahala ho fetola sebaka sa ente kahare ho sebaka sa anatomical e le ho thibela nts'etsopele ea lipodystrophy.

Gensulin N e ka fumaneha ka botsona ebile e kopane le insulin e nkang nakoana (Gensulin P).

Litla-morao tsa GENSULIN N

Ka lebaka la phello ea metabolism ea carbohydrate: maemo a hypoglycemic (pallor ea letlalo, mofufutso o eketsehang, palpitations, ho thothomela, tlala, ho ruruha, paresthesia molomong, hlooho e bohloko). Hypoglycemia e matla e ka lebisa ho hola ha mesifa ea hypoglycemic.

Boitšoaro bo kulang: ka seoelo - lekhopho la letlalo, edema ea Quincke, e sa tloaelehang haholo - ho ts'oaroa ha anaphylactic.

Boitšoaro ba lehae: hyperemia, ho ruruha le ho hlohlona sebakeng sa ente, ka tšebeliso ea nako e telele - lipodystrophy sebakeng sa ente.

Tse ling: edema, liphoso tsa nakoana tsa ho hlaka (hangata qalong ea phekolo).

Matšoao: hypoglycemia e ka hlaha.

Phekolo: mokuli a ka felisa hypoglycemia e bonolo ka ho ja lijo tse nang le tsoekere kapa tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata. Ka hona, ho khothalletsoa hore bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba lule ba nkile tsoekere, liswiti, likuku kapa lero le monate la litholoana.

Maemong a tebileng, ha mokuli a lahleheloa ke kelello, tharollo ea 40% ea dextrose e kenngoa kahare, ka / m, s / c, ka / ka glucagon. Kamora ho hlaphoheloa kelellong, mokuli o khothalletsoa ho ja lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite ho thibela nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia.

Hona le lithethefatsi tse 'maloa tse amang tlhokahalo ea insulin.

Phello ea hypoglycemic ea insulin e ntlafatsoa ke lithethefatsi tsa molomo tsa hypoglycemic, inhibitors ea monoamine oxidase. Li-inhibitors tsa ACE, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, li-agents tse thibelang beta-block adrenergic, bromocriptine, octreotide, sulfanilamides, anabolic steroids, tetracyclines, clofibrate, ketoconazole, mebendazole, pyridoxine, theophylline, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine, piclofuramine. Mekhoa ea ho thibela pelehi ea molomo, glucocorticosteroids, lihormone tsa qoqotho, li-thiazide diuretics, heparin, li-antidepressants tsa trousclic, li-sympathomimetics, danazole, clonidine, calcium blockers, diazokeide, morphine, phenytoin e fokolisa phello ea hypoglycemic.

Tlas'a tšusumetso ea reserpine le salicylates, ho fokolisa le ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea moriana ho ka khoneha.

U ke ke ua sebelisa Gensulin N, haeba ka mor'a ho sisinyeha ho emisoa ho sa fetohe le bosoeu hape ka maru ka mokhoa o tšoanang.

Khahlano le semelo sa kalafo ea "insulin", ho hlokahala hore ho be le tlhaiso-leseling ea tsoekere ea mali kamehla. Lisosa tsa hypoglycemia ho ekelletsa ho insulin e ngata e ka ba: ho nkeloa lithethefatsi, ho tlola lijo ka bongata, ho hlatsa, lets'ollo, ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea mmele, mafu a fokotsang tlhoko ea insulin (ts'ebetso ea sebete le ts'ebetso ea liphio, hypofunction ea adrenal cortex, pituitary kapa gland ea tšoelesa). hammoho le ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi tse ling.

Ho hloka dosing kapa ho sitisoa ka tsela e fosahetseng tsamaisong ea insulin, haholo-holo ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la 1 lefu la tsoekere, ho ka lebisa ho hyperglycemia. Hangata, matšoao a pele a hyperglycemia a fetoha butle-butle ka lihora tse ngata kapa matsatsi. Tsena li kenyelletsa lenyora, ho ruruha ho eketsehileng, ho nyekeloa, ho hlatsa, ho tsekela, ho redness le ho omella ha letlalo, molomo o omileng, ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo, monko oa acetone moeeng o tsoang. Haeba e sa phekoloe, hyperglycemia ea mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere e ka lebisa nts'etsopeleng ea lefu la tsoekere le kotsi ea lefu la tsoekere. Tekanyetso ea insulin e lokela ho lokisoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea qoqotho e senyehileng, lefu la Addison, hypopituitarism, sesepa se senyehileng le tšebetso ea liphio le lefu la tsoekere ho batho ba lilemo tse fetang 65.

Khalemelo ea tekanyetso ea insulin le eona e ka hlokahala haeba mokuli a eketsa matla a ho ikoetlisa kapa a fetola lijo tse tloaelehileng.

Maloetse a kopaneng, haholo-holo tšoaetso le maemo a tsamaeang le feberu, a eketsa tlhoko ea insulin.

Phetoho ea ho tsoa mofuteng o mong oa insulin o ea ho o mong e lokela ho etsoa tlasa taolo ea maemo a tsoekere ea mali.

Setlhare se theola mamello ea joala.

Ka lebaka la monyetla oa pula lipakeng tsa li-catheter, ho khothalletsoa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi lipompong tsa insulin.

Ts'usumetso ho bokhoni ba ho khanna makoloi le mekhoa ea ho laola. Ka lebaka la sepheo sa mantlha sa insulin, ho fetola mofuta oa eona kapa boteng ba khatello ea maikutlo kapa ea kelello, hoa khoneha ho fokotsa bokhoni ba ho khanna koloi kapa ho tsamaisa mekgwa e fapaneng, hammoho le ho etsa lintho tse ling tse ka bang kotsi tse hlokang. ho lebisa tlhokomelo e eketsehileng le lebelo la karabelo ea kelello le koloi.

Boloka lithethefatsi ka mocheso oa 2 ho isa ho 8 ° C. Se ke oa chesa. Kamora ho bula sephutheloana, boloka moriana ka mocheso o sa feteng 25 ° C matsatsi a 28, sebakeng se lefifi. Qoba hole le bana.

Bophelo ba sefuba sa lithethefatsi ke lilemo tse 2. Se ke oa sebelisa kamora letsatsi la ho felloa ke nako.

Matšoao a ho sebelisoa

Gensulin N e khothalletsoa hore e sebelisoe mofuteng oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere, hammoho le mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la 2 lefu lena molemong oa ho hanyetsa li-hypoglycemic agents bakeng sa tšebeliso ea molomo, ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi tsena (maemong a kalafo e kopaneng) le mafu a kopaneng.

Ts'ebeliso ea ho emisoa ho likhahla

Ho sebelisa mofuta o le mong oa insulin:

1. Tlosa cap e sireletsang ea aluminium ho tloha vial.
2. Khethisa membrane ea rabara ka vial.
3. Bokella moea ka har'a siling ho bophahamo bo lekanang le lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin 'me u kenye moea moeeng.
4. Fetolela karolo e ka tlase ea vial ka syringe e kentsoeng 'me u bokelle lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin ho eona.
5. Tlosa nale ka leqaqailaneng, tlosa moea seriting, 'me u netefatse hore lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin.
6. Etsa ente.

Tšebeliso ea mefuta e 'meli ea insulin:

1. Tlosa likhahla tse sirelletsang tsa aluminium ho vials.
2. Sanalize li-membran tsa rabara ho liphooko.
3. Hang-hang pele o daela, thela molumo oa "insulin" ea nako e mahareng (bolelele) liketsong tsa ho emisoa pakeng tsa liatla tsa matsoho ho fihlela mokoloko o arolelanoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang le liforomo tse tšoeu tsa maru.
4. Bokella moea ka har'a siling ho ea bophahamo bo hlokahalang ba insulin e nkang nako e telele, kenya moea vial ka ho emisoa ebe o tlosa nale ena.
5. Ho hula moea ka syringe ka bongata bo lekanang le tekanyetso e hlokahalang ea insulin e haellang, kenya moea ka vial ea insulin ka tharollo e hlakileng, phetisa karolo e tlase ea vial ka syringe ebe o tlatsa lethal dose le hlokahalang.
6. Tlosa nale ka leqaqailaneng, tlosa moea seriting, 'me u netefatse hore lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin.
7. Kenya nale ka hara vial ka ho emisa, phetisa karolo e ka tlase ea sekala ka syringe mme o bokelle lethal dose le hlokahalang la insulin e sebetsang ka nako e telele.
8. Tlosa nale ena ka hara vial, tlosa moea ho siling, 'me u hlahlobe hore na lethal dose lohle la insulin le nepahetse.
9. Etsa ente.

Ho bohlokoa ho lula o ngola insulin ka tatellano e hlalositsoeng ka holimo.

Ts'ebeliso ea ho emisoa ka liketeketeng

Li-Cartridges tse nang le lithethefatsi Gensulin N li etselitsoe ho sebelisoa feela ka lipentšele tsa syringe tsa k'hamphani "Owen Mumford". Litlhokahalo tse behiloeng litaelong tsa ts'ebeliso ea pente ea syringe ho tsamaisa insulin li lokela ho bonoa.

Pele o sebelisa Gensulin H, mokotla o tlameha ho hlahlojoa le ho etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na tšenyo (li-chips, mapetso); haeba li teng, mokotla o ke ke oa sebelisoa. Kamora ho kenya cartridge ka pente ea syringe, thapo e mebala e lokela ho bonahala ka fensetere ea ea tšoereng.

Pele o kenya mokotla oa pente ka pentšele ea syringe, e lokela ho theoloa ka tlase e le hore khalase e nyane ea khalase e ka hare e kopanye ho emisoa. Mokhoa ona oa ho fetola o phetoa makhetlo a 10, ho fihlela ho emisoa ho tšoeu le ho koaheloa ke maru. Etsa ente hang ka mor'a moo.

Haeba mokotla o kentsoe ka pene pele, ho kopanya ho emisoa ho etsetsoa sisteme eohle (bonyane makhetlo a 10) ebe e phetoa pele ho ente e ngoe le e ngoe.

Kamora ho ente, nale e tlameha ho siuoa tlasa letlalo bonyane metsotsoana e meng e tšeletseng, 'me konopo e lokela ho bolokoa e hatelloa ho fihlela nale e tlositsoe ka botlalo tlasa letlalo. Sena se tla netefatsa hore tekanyetso e tsamaisoa ka nepo le ho fokotsa menyetla ea mali / lmph ho kena ka sekoneng kapa ka mokotleng oa insulin.

Katse e nang le lithethefatsi Gensulin N e etselitsoe feela tšebeliso ea motho a le mong mme e ke ke ea tlatsoa.

Litlamorao

• litlamorao tsa phello ea metabolism ea carbohydrate: maemo a hypoglycemic - ho opeloa ke letlalo, ho fifala, ho fufuleha ho eketsehileng, ho thothomela, ho ruruha, tlala, paresthesia molomong, ka lebaka la hypoglycemia e matla, hypoglycemic coma e ka hlaha,
• karabelo ea hypersensitivity: ka seoelo - rashes letlalong, edema ea Quincke, e sa tloaelehang haholo - ho ts'oaroa ha anaphylactic,
• Karabelo sebakeng sa ente: ho ruruha le ho hlohlona, ​​hyperemia, haeba e ka sebelisoa ka nako e telele - lipodystrophy setsing sa ente,
• Tse ling: edema, liphoso tsa nakoana tsa ho hlaka (hangata qalong ea thupelo).

Matšoao a bosholu bo feteletseng e ka ba nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia. Bakeng sa kalafo ea maemo a bonolo, ho khothaletsoa ho ja tsoekere kapa lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata. Bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba lokela ho lula ba nkile tsoekere, liswiti, likuku, kapa lino tse tsoekere.

Tabeng ea ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha khatello ea tsoekere, maemong a ho lahleheloa ke kelello, tharollo ea 40% ea dextrose e tsamaisoa kahare, glucagon e tsamaisoa ka methapo, kahare kapa ka thipa. Kamora ho hlaphoheloa kelellong, ho khothalletsoa ho ja lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite ho thibela nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia.

Litaelo tse khethehileng

Gensulin N ha ea lumelloa ho sebelisoa haeba ho emisoa ho sa fetohe ho ba tšoeu le ho ts'oaroa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ka mor'a ho hlokohla.

Nakong ea kalafo ea insulin, ho hlokahala hore kamehla u lekole boemo ba tsoekere maling. Ho lekola joalo hoa hlokahala hobane, ho ekelletsa ho insulin e ngata haholo, lisosa tsa hypoglycemia e ka ba: ho tlola lijo, ho khutlisetsa lithethefatsi, lets'ollo, ho hlatsa, ts'ebetso e eketsang tlhokahalo ea lefu la insulin (ho hlaba / ho hloleha ha sebete, hypofunction ea adrenal cortex, gland ea gland kapa gland). libaka tsa ente, tšebelisano ea lithethefatsi le lithethefatsi tse ling.

Ho etsa dost kapa ho senya pakeng tsa ente ea insulin, haholo ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, ho ka baka hyperglycemia. Hangata, matšoao a pele a hyperglycemia a hola butle, ho feta lihora tse 'maloa kapa matsatsi. Molomo o omileng, lenyora, ho nyekeloa, ho hlatsa, ho tsekela, ho redness le ho omella ha letlalo, ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo, monko oa asetone moeeng o tsoang, ho tšela urination ho eketsehileng. Haeba kalafo e sa tšoaroe, joale ka lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, hyperglycemia e ka lebisa ho hola hoa boemo bo behang bophelo kotsing - lefu la tsoekere.

Ho lokisa lethal dose ea insulin hoa hlokahala bakeng sa hypopituitarism, ho hlohlona ha tšoelesa ea qoqotho, lefu la Addison, ho hloleha ha sebete le liphio, hammoho le ho bakuli ba tsofetseng ba fetang lilemo tse 65.

Tlhokahalo ea tokiso ea li-insulin le eona e ka hlokahala ka keketseho ea matla a ho ikoetlisa kapa phetoho ea lijo tse tloaelehileng.

Tlhokahalo ea insulin e eketsoa ke mafu a kopaneng, haholo a tlhaho e sa foleng, le maemo a tsamaeang le feberu.

Phetoho ea ho tsoa mofuteng o mong oa insulin ho ea ho e ngoe le eona e hloka ho etsoa, ​​ho laola boemo ba tsoekere maling.

Ho bohlokoa ho nahana hore tšebeliso ea insulin e fokotsa mamello ea mokuli ho joala.

Ts'ebeliso ea Gensulin N lipompong tsa "insulin" ha e khothaletsoe ka lebaka la menyetla ea ho emisoa ha litheko tse ling.

Hypoglycemia e ka fokolisa bokhoni ba mokuli ba ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho fokotsa lebelo la karabelo ea kelello, e leng se ka eketsang kotsi ha ho khanna makoloi le / kapa ho sebetsa ka mekhoa e meng e rarahaneng.

Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi

• hypoglycemic mahlahana bakeng sa tsamaiso molomo, inhibitors tsa monoamine dihydrobenzophenanthridine (Mao) inhibitors, angiotensin fetola potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale (Ace) inhibitors, bao e seng khetha β-blockers, k'habone anhydrase inhibitors, bromocriptine, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, octreotide, anabolic steroid, clofibrate, mebendazole, ketoconazole, theophylline, pyridoxine, cyclophosphamide, Litokisetso tsa lithium, fenfluramine, litokisetso tse nang le ethanol: ntlafatsa sephetho sa insulin,
• thiazide diuretics, glucocorticosteroids (GCS), lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo, lihomone tsa qoqotho, li-sympathomimetics, heparin, li-antidepressants tsa li-clonidine, danazole, diazoxide, calcium blockchain, phenytoin, morphine, nicotine: fokolisa hypoglycemic
• reserpine le salicylate: ka bobeli e ka fokolisa le ho ntlafatsa ketso ea insulin.

Litšoantšiso tsa Gensulin N ke: Biosulin N, Vozulim N, Insuman Bazal GT, Insuran NPH, Protamine-insulin Emergency, Protafan NM, Protafan NM Penfill, Rinsulin NPH, Rosinsulin S, Humodar B 100 Rec.

GENSULIN N - litlhahlobo

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