Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid (Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid)
Tlhaloso e amanang le 15.05.2015
- Lebitso la Latin: Amoxicillin + Clavulanic ac>
Sebopeho sa litokisetso se na le metsoako e sebetsang amoxicillin + clavulanic asiti, hammoho le likarolo tse ling.
Pharmacodynamics le pharmacokinetics
Setlhare se kopaneng sa Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid ke beta-lactamase inhibitor e nang le litlamorao tsa bactericidal e thibelang ho hlophisoa ha lebota la baktheria. Ho feta moo, ts'ebetso ea lithethefatsi e bonts'oa mabapi le libaktheria tse fapaneng tsa gram tse ntle tsa aerobic, ho kenyelletsa le mefuta e hlahisang beta-lactamase, mohlala: Staphylococcus aureus, libaktheria tse ling tsa aerobic gram-negative: Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. le likokoana-hloko tse ling tse mahlonoko, libaktheria tse ntle tsa gramies, anaerobic le aerobic gram-negative bacteria, joalo-joalo.
Clavulanic acid e khona ho hatella mefuta ea II-V ea beta-lactamases ntle le hore e sebetse khahlano le mofuta oa 1 oa beta-lactamases eo Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp le Serratia spp e e hlahisang. Hape, ntho ena e tšoauoa ka tropism e phahameng bakeng sa penicillinases, e bopehang mochini o tsitsitseng le enzyme le ho thibela ho senyeha ha enzymatic ea amoxicillin ka beta-lactamases.
Kahare ho 'mele, karolo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e kenngoa ka potlako kahare ho tšilo ea lijo. Phekolo ea kalafo e bonoa nakong ea metsotso e 45. Ho feta moo, litokisetsong tse fapaneng, clavulanic acid, karo-karolelano ea amoxicillin ke lethalamo le lekanang la li-pilisi tsa 125 ho isa ho 250, 500 le 850 mg litafoleng.
Lithethefatsi li tlameletsoe ho protheine ea plasma: clavulanic acid e ka bang 22-30%, amoxicillin ka 17-20%. Metabolism ea lintho tsena e etsoa ka har'a sebete: clavulanic acid ke hoo e ka bang 50%, le amoxicillin ke 10% ea litekanyetso li amohetse.
Setlhare se tlotsoa se sa fetoloe haholo ke liphio nakong ea lihora tse 6 ho tloha nakong ea ts'ebeliso.
Matšoao a ho sebelisoa
Setlhare sena se laetsoe kalafong ea ts'oaetso ea libaktheria tse fapaneng:
- pampiri e fokolang ea ho hema -bronchitis, pneumonia, empyma ea pleura, lesapo la matšoafo,
- Litho tsa ENT mohlala sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis,
- tsamaiso ea genitourinary le litho tse ling tsa pelvic le pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, cervicitis, salpingitis, salpingo-oophoritis, endometritis, bacterinitis joalo-joalo
- letlalo le lisele tse bonolo, mohlala, erysipelas, impetigo, dermatoses ea bobeli e tšoaelitsoeng, li-abscesses, phlegmon,
- hammohoosteomyelitis, ts'oaetso ea postoperative,thibelo ea ts'oaetso ts'ebetsong ea bongaka.
Contraindication
Lithethefatsi ha li fuoe bakeng sa:
- hypersensitivity
- tšoaetso ea mononucleosis,
- phenylketonuria, mananeo jaundicekapa ho se sebetse hantle ha sebete ho bakoang ke ho sebelisa meriana ena kapa tse tšoanang le eona.
Ho lokela hore ho sebelisoe tlhokomeliso nakong ea kalafo ea ho lactating le basali baimana, bakuli ba nang le bothata bo matla ba ho senyeha ha sebete, mafu a ka mpeng.
Sokolla foromo le sebopeho
Litekanyetso tsa Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid:
- matlapa a koahetsoeng ka filimi: oval, biconvex, e batlang e tšoeu kapa e tšoeu, e ngotsoe "A" ka lehlakoreng le leng, "63" ka lehlakoreng le leng (matlapa a 250 mg + 125 mg), kapa "64" (500 mg + 125 mg) ), kapa e ngotsoe ka mongolo oa kotsi - "6 | 5" (875 mg + 125 mg), karolong ea sefapano u ka bona mothapo o moputsoa o pota-potiloeng ke khetla e tšoeu kapa e tšoeu (li-pcs tse 7 ka marang-rang, lilakane tse 2 lebokoseng la lebokose la karete. ),
- Phofo bakeng sa ho emisoa ka molomo (fragola): granular, hoo e batlang e le tšoeu kapa e tšoeu ka 'mala (ka tekanyetso ea 125 mg + 31.25 mg / 5 ml - 7.35 g e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ka libotlolong tsa translucent tsa 150 ml, ka tekanyo ea 250 mg + 62 5 mg / 5 di ml - 14,7 g, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka libotlolong tsa li-150 ml tse fetotsoeng
- phofo bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha tharollo bakeng sa tsamaiso ea methapo (iv): ho tloha ho o mosoeu ho ea ho o mosoeu ka tint e mosehla (ka libotlolo tse 10 ml, libotlolo tse 1 kapa 10 ka lebokoseng la karete, ho pakela lipetlele - ho tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 50 botlolo ka lebokoseng la karete) .
Letlapa la 1
- dintho tse sebetsang: amoxicillin (ka sebopeho sa trihydrate) - 250 mg, kapa 500 mg, kapa 875 mg, clavulanic acid (ka sebopeho sa potasiamo clavulanate) - 125 mg,
- likarolo tse thusang (tse sa sebetseng): sodium carboxymethyl starch, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide, tšoeu opadra 06V58855 (titanium dioxide, macrogol, hypromellose-15cP, hypromellose-5cP).
Sebopeho sa 5 ml ea ho emisoa (se entsoeng ka phofo bakeng sa ho emisoa):
- metsoako e sebetsang: amoxicillin (ka sebopeho sa trihydrate) - 125 mg le clavulanic acid (ka sebopeho sa potasiamo clavulanate) - 31.25 mg, kapa amoxicillin - 250 mg le clavulanic acid - 62,5 mg,
- likarolo tse thusang: xanthan gum, silicon dioxide, hypromellose, aspartame, acid ea presinic, colloidal silicon dioxide, tatso ea fragola.
Lithako tse sebetsang ka botlolong e le 'ngoe ea phofo bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha tharollo bakeng sa tsamaiso ea iv: amoxicillin - 500 mg le clavulanic acid - 100 mg, kapa amoxicillin - 1000 mg le clavulanic acid - 200 mg.
Mofumahali
Kamora ho nka Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid ka hare, lintho tse sebetsang li potlakile ebile li kenelletse ka botlalo ho tsoa pampiring ea mala. Ts'oarello e kholo e fihlella ka mor'a lihora tse 1-2. Ho monya hantle ho ile ha bonoa ha ho nooa moriana qalong ea lijo.
Ha li nkuoa ka molomo le ka methati, lintho tse sebetsang li na le tekanyo e lekanang ea ho tlama liprotheine tsa plasma: amoxicillin - 17-20%, clavulanic acid - 22-30%.
Likarolo tsena ka bobeli li tšoauoa ka bophahamo bo boholo ba karolelano maro a 'mele le liseleng. E fumanoe mats'oafong, tsebe e bohareng, mokelikeli oa "pleural" le "peritoneal", "popelo". Litlolo tsa penile, li-tonsils tsa palatine, mokelikeli oa mokokotlo, secretion ea mokokotlo, mesifa ea mesifa, lefu la senya, lesapo la nyooko le sebete li kenella lekunutu. Amoxicillin e khona ho fetela lebese la matsoele, hammoho le penicillin e ngata. Melemo ea clavulanic acid le eona e fumanoe lebeseng la matsoele.
Amoxicillin le clavulanic acid li haola le tšitiso ea placental. Se ke oa tšela mekoallo ea mali le bokantle ba mali, ha feela litšila li sa chesoe.
Likarolo tsena ka bobeli li kentsoe sebeteng: amoxicillin - hoo e ka bang 10% ea lethal dose, clavulanic acid - e ka bang 50% ea lethal dose.
Amoxicillin (50-78% ea lethal dose) e hloekisoa hoo e batlang e sa fetoloe ke liphio ka ho fifala ha tlhaho le secretion ea tubular. Clavulanic acid (25-40% ea lethal dose) e hloekisoa ke ho hlatsuoa habonolo ke liphio ka mokhoa o fapaneng ka mokhoa oa metabolites le o sa fetoheng. Likarolo tsena ka bobeli li felisoa nakong ea lihora tsa pele tsa 6. Lintho tse nyane li ka fokotsoa matšoafong le ka mala.
Ka ho se sebetse hantle haholo ha rewal, halofo ea bophelo e eketseha: bakeng sa amoxicillin - ho fihlela lihora tse 7.5, bakeng sa clavulanic acid - ho fihlela lihora tse 4,5.
Lintho tsena ka bobeli tse sebetsang tsa lithibela-mafu li tlosoa nakong ea hemodialysis, ka bongata bo fokolang li sebelisa peritoneal dialysis.
Matlapa a koahetsoeng ka filimi
Ka foromo ea letlhare, moriana o bontšoa ts'ebeliso ea molomo. Bakeng sa ho monya hantle le ho fokotsa kotsi ea litlamorao tsamaisong ea tšilo ea lijo, ho tšeloa matlapa ho khothaletsoa qalong ea lijo.
Ngaka e khetholla mofuta oa moriana ka o mong ho latela hore na ts'ebetso ea ts'oaetso e tebile hakae, lilemo tsa mokuli, boima ba 'mele le tšebetso ea hae ea liphio.
Haeba ho hlokahala, etsa kalafo ea mohato: pele, lithethefatsi Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid e fanoa ka methapo, kamora moo li nkuoa ka molomo.
Litekanyetso tse khothalelitsoeng bakeng sa batho ba baholo le bana ba lilemo tse fetang 12 kapa ba nang le boima ba 'mele bo fetang tse 40kg:
- bonolo ho tšoaetso e itekanetseng: 250 mg + 125 mg mong le e mong lihora tse 8 kapa 500 mg + 125 mg ka mor'a lihora tse 12,
- tšoaetso e matla, tšoaetso ea phefumoloho: 500 mg + 125 mg makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi kapa 875 mg + 125 mg makhetlo a 2 ka letsatsi.
Tekanyo e phahameng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea amoxicillin ha ea lokela ho feta 6000 mg, clavulanic acid - 600 mg.
Nako e fokolang ea kalafo ke matsatsi a 5, boholo ke matsatsi a 14.Libeke tse peli kamora ho qala ha kalafo, ngaka e hlahloba boemo ba bongaka 'me ha ho hlokahala, e etsa qeto mabapi le ho tsoela pele ha kalafo. Nako ea kalafo bakeng sa media e sa rarahaneng ea otitis ke matsatsi a 5-7.
Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore matlapa a 2 a 250 mg + 125 mg ho latela clavulanic acid ha a lekane le letlapa le le leng la 500 mg + 125 mg.
Tabeng ea ts'ebetso ea ho renal e sa sebetseng hantle, tekanyetso ea amoxicillin e fetoloa ho latela tumellano ea creatinine (CC):
- QC> 30 ml / min: ha ho hlokahale khalemelo
- KK 10-30 ml / Min: makhetlo a 2 ka letsatsi, Letlapa le le leng la 250 mg (bakeng sa tšoaetso e bonolo le e leka-lekaneng) kapa Letlapa le le leng 500 mg,
- QA 30 ml / metsotso.
Batho ba baholo ba nang le hemodialysis ba fuoe Letlapa le le leng la 500 mg + 125 mg kapa matlapa a 2 a 250 mg + 125 mg hang ka letsatsi. Ho ekelletsa moo, tekanyetso e le 'ngoe e fanoa nakong ea kemiso ea dialysis le tekanyo e' ngoe qetellong ea thuto.
Phofo bakeng sa ho emisoa ka molomo
Suspension Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid hangata e fuoa bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12.
Ka foromo ena ea litekanyetso, lithethefatsi li reretsoe ho tsamaisoa ka molomo. Ho emisoa ho tsoa phofo: e phehiloeng hape e koahetsoe ho metsi a futhumetseng a kamore e tšeloa ka vial ea 2/3, e tsukutleng hantle, ebe molumo o fetoloa letšoao (100 ml) mme o ts'oaroe hape ka matla. Pele ho kamohelo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, vial e lokela ho tsukutleha.
Bakeng sa dosing e nepahetseng, kit e kenyelletsa cap e lekanyang le likotsi tsa 2,5 ml, 5 ml le 10 ml. E tlameha ho hlatsuoa ka metsi a hloekileng ka mor'a tšebeliso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe.
Ngaka e khetholla mofuta oa moriana ka o mong ho latela hore na ts'ebetso ea ts'oaetso e tebile hakae, lilemo tsa mokuli, boima ba 'mele le tšebetso ea hae ea liphio.
Ho monya lintho tse sebetsang ka botlalo le ho fokotsa kotsi ea litlamorao tsamaisong ea tšilo ea lijo, ho khothaletsoa ho nka ho emisoa ha Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid qalong ea lijo.
Nako ea kalafo ke bonyane matsatsi a 5, empa eseng matsatsi a fetang 14. Libeke tse peli kamora ho qala ha kalafo, ngaka e hlahloba boemo ba bongaka 'me ha ho hlokahala, e etsa qeto mabapi le ho tsoela pele ha kalafo.
Bakeng sa bana ho tloha ho likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho lilemo tse 12 kapa boima ba ho fihlela ho 40 kg, ho emisoa ho fanoa ka tekanyetso ea 125 mg + 31.25 mg ka 5 ml kapa 250 mg + 62,5 mg ka 5 ml makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi ka linako tse ling tsa lihora tse 8.
Tekanyetso e nyane ea letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa amoxicillin ke 20 mg / kg, boholo ke 40 mg / kg. Ka tekanyetso e tlase, moriana o sebelisoa bakeng sa ho pheta-pheta ha 'mele (tonsillitis), tšoaetso ea letlalo le lisele tse bonolo. A tekanyetso e phahameng - ka sinusitis, otitis mecha ea litaba, tshwaetso ya ea ka tlase e phefumoloho ya pampitšana ea urinosis, masapo le manonyeletso.
Bakeng sa bana ho tloha ha a hlaha ho isa ho likhoeli tse 3, ho khothalletsoa tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea 30 mg / kg ea amoxicillin. E lokela ho aroloa likarolo tse peli.
Ha ho na likhothaletso mabapi le moriana oa litekanyetso bakeng sa masea a hlahileng pele ho nako.
Tabeng ea ts'ebetso ea renal e sa sebetseng hantle, lethal dose la amoxicillin le fetoloa ho latela QC:
- QC> 30 ml / min: ha ho hlokahale khalemelo
- KK 10-30 ml / min: 15 mg + 3.75 mg ka kilo ea boima ba 'mele habeli ka letsatsi, empa eseng ho feta 500 mg + 125 mg habeli ka letsatsi,
- QC
Litlamorao
Phekellong le Amoxicillin + Clavualanic acid, ho ka hlaha litla-morao tse fapaneng tse amang ho hlohlona, sebopeho sa mali, tsamaiso ea methapo, joalo-joalo.
Ka hona, litla-morao li ka hlaha: ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa, lets'ollo, gastritis, stomatitis, glossitis, cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, eosinophilia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, kizunguzungu, hlooho ea hlooho, khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho tšoenyeha le matšoao a mang.
Ntshetsopele ea lehae le karabelo le litlamorao tse ling tse sa rateheng.
Model Clinical-Pharmacological Article 1
Ketso ea polasi. Litokisetso tse kopaneng tsa amoxicillin le clavulanic acid, inhibitor ea beta-lactamase. E etsa bactericidal, e thibela ho hlophisoa ha lerako la baktheria. E sebetsa khahlano le libaktheria tse ntle tsa aerobic (ho kenyeletsa le beta-lactamase e hlahisang mefuta e meng): Staphylococcus aureus, libaktheria tse mpe tsa aerobic: Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella spp., Moraxella catarrhalis. Likokoana-hloko tse latelang li ameha habonolo feela. in vitro : Staphylococcus epidermidis,Streptococcus pyogene, Streptococcus anthracis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, virreans ea Streptococcus, Enterococcus faecalis, Corynebacterium spp., Listeria monocytogene, baktheria e ntle ea gram: Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., anaerobic Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., baktheria e mpe ea aerobic gram-negative (ho kenyeletsoa le beta-lactamase e hlahisang mefuta e meng): Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp. (pejana Pasteurella), Campylobacter jejuni, Libaktheria tse mpe tsa anaerobic gram-negative (ho kenyeletsa le mefuta e hlahisang beta-lactamases): Libaktheria spp., ho kenyelletsa Bacteroides fragilis. Clavulanic acid e hatella mofuta oa II, III, IV le V mefuta ea beta-lactamase, e sa sebetseng khahlanong le mofuta I beta-lactamase e hlahisitsoeng Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia spp., Acinetobacter spp. Clavulanic acid e na le tropism e phahameng bakeng sa penicillinases, ka lebaka leo e theha motsoako o tsitsitseng ka enzyme, e thibelang ho senyeha ha enzymatic ea amoxicillin tlasa tšusumetso ea beta-lactamases.
Mofumahali Kamora ho tsamaisoa ka molomo, likarolo tsena ka bobeli li kenella ka potlako mokhoeng oa ho silila. Ho kenella ka nako e le 'ngoe ha ho ame ho fufuleloa. T cmax - Metsotso e 45 Kamora ho tsamaisoa ka molomo ka tekanyetso ea 250/125 mg ka nako e 'ngoe le e' ngoe lihora tse 8 Cmax amooticillin - 2.18-4.5 μg / ml, clavulanic acid - 0,8-2.2 μg / ml, ka lethal dose ea 500/125 mg ka nako e 'ngoe le e' ngoe lihora tse 12 Cmax amooticillin - 5.09-7.91 μg / ml, clavulanic acid - 1.19-2.41 μg / ml, ka lethaliti la 500/125 mg ka nako e ngoe le e 'ngoe lihora tse 8 Cmax amooticillin - 4,94-9,466 μg / ml, clavulanic acid - 1.57-3.23 μg / ml, ka lethal dose ea 875/125 mg Cmax amooticillin - 8.82-14.38 μg / ml, clavulanic acid - 1,21-3.19 μg / ml. Kamora ho tsamaisoa ha iv ka tekanyo ea 1000/2002 le 500/100 mg Cmax amooticillin - 105.4 le 32.2 μg / ml, ka ho latellana, le clavulanic acid - 28,5 le 10,5 μg / ml. Nako ea ho fihlella khatello e phahameng ea inhibitory ea 1 μg / ml bakeng sa amooticillin e ts'oana ha e sebelisoa ka mor'a lihora tse 12 le lihora tse 8 ho batho ba baholo le bana. Puisano le liprotheine tsa plasma: amoxicillin - 17-20%, clavulanic acid - 22-30%. Likarolo ka bobeli tse ka har'a sebete li na le metabolism: amoxicillin - ka 10% ea lethal dose e laetsoeng, clavulanic acid - ka 50%. T1/2 kamora ho tsamaisoa ka tekanyo ea 375 le 625 mg, 1 le lihora tse 1,3 bakeng sa amoxicillin, lihora tse 1,2 le 0,8 bakeng sa clavulanic acid, ka ho latellana. T1/2 kamora ho tsamaisoa ha iv ka tekanyo ea 1200 le 600 mg, 0.9 le 1.07 h bakeng sa amoxicillin, 0,9 le 1,12 h bakeng sa clavulanic acid, ka ho latellana. E hlahisoa haholo-holo ke liphio (glomerular filtration and seculartion): 50-78 le 25-40% ea lethal dose la tšebetso ea amoxicillin le clavulanic acid ha li fetoloe, ka nako e tšoanang, nakong ea lihora tse 6 tsa pele kamora tsamaiso.
Matšoao. Ts'oaetso ea baktheria e bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tse tebileng: tšoaetso e tlase ea phefumoloho (bronchitis, pneumonia, empuralma, lesapo la matšoafo), ts'oaetso ea litho tsa ENT (sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media), ts'oaetso ea tsamaiso ea genitourinary le litho tsa pelvic (pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, cervicitis, salpingitis, salpingoophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, endometritis, bacterial vaginitis, ho ntša mpa ka septic, sepsis ea morao-rao, pelvioperitonitis, chancre e bonolo, gonorrhea), ts'oaetso ea letlalo le lisele tse bonolo (erysipelas, impetigo, sekhahla empa dermatoses nang le tšoaetso, abscesses, cellulitis, leqeba tshwaetso), osteomyelitis, tšoaetso postoperative, thibelo ea tsoaetso eo ka ho buoa.
Contraindication Hypersensitivity (ho kenyelletsa le cephalosporin le lithibela-mafu tse ling tsa beta-lactam), mononucleosis e tšoaetsanoang (ho kenyelletsa le ponahalo ea lekhopho le kang masapo), phenylketonuria, liketsahalo tsa lefu la sethoathoa kapa ts'oaetso ea sebete ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea amoxicillin / clavulanic acid historing. CC e ka tlase ho 30 ml / min (bakeng sa matlapa a 875 mg / 125 mg).
Ka tlhokomeliso. Ho ima, ho nyeka, ho hloleha ho matla ha sebete, mafu a ka mpeng (ho kenyelletsa le nalane ea lefu la ho ruruha le amanang le tšebeliso ea penicillin), ho hloleha ho sa sebetseng hantle ha rebo.
Sehlopha sa ketso ho fetus. B
Tekanyetso Ka hare, ka / ka.
Litekanyetso li baloa ho latela amoxicillin. Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa litekanyetso o beoa ka bonngoe ho latela botebo ba thupelo le sebaka sa ts'oaetso, kutloisiso ea pathogen.
Bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 - ka mokhoa oa ho emisoa, sirapo kapa marotholi bakeng sa tsamaiso ea molomo.
Tekanyetso e le 'ngoe e thehiloe ho latela lilemo: bana ba ho isa ho likhoeli tse 3 - 30 mg / kg / letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse 2 tse arohaneng, likhoeli tse 3 le ho feta - bakeng sa tšoaetso ea boima bo bobe - 25 mg / kg / letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse 2 tse arohaneng kapa 20 mg / kg / letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse 3, ka ts'oaetso e matla - 45 mg / kg / letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse 2 kapa 40 mg / kg / letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse 3.
Batho ba baholo le bana ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 12 kapa boima ba 40 kg kapa ho feta: 500 mg makhetlo a 2 / letsatsi kapa 250 mg makhetlo a 3 / ka letsatsi. Ho tsoaetso e matla le tšoaetso ea pampitšana ea phefumoloho - 875 mg makhetlo a 2 / ka letsatsi kapa 500 mg makhetlo a 3 / ka letsatsi.
Tekanyo e phahameng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea amoxicillin ho batho ba baholo le bana ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 12 ke 6 g, bakeng sa bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 - 45 mg / kg boima ba mmele.
Tekanyo e phahameng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea clavulanic acid ho batho ba baholo le bana ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 12 ke 600 mg, bakeng sa bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 - 10 mg / kg boima ba mmele.
Ka bothata ba ho koenya ho batho ba baholo, ho khothalletsoa ts'ebeliso ea emisoa.
Ha u lokisa ho emisoa, sirapo le marotholi, metsi a lokela ho sebelisoa e le solvent.
Ha e fuoa methapo, batho ba baholo le ba lilemong tse ka holimo ho 12 ba fuoa 1 g (bakeng sa amoxicillin) makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi, haeba ho hlokahala makhetlo a 4 ka letsatsi. Tekanyo e kholo ea letsatsi le letsatsi ke 6 g. Bakeng sa bana ba likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 12 - 25 mg / kg makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi, maemong a boima - makhetlo a 4 ka letsatsi, bakeng sa bana ho isa ho likhoeli tse 3: pele ho nako le nakong ea koluoa - 25 mg / kg 2 hang ka letsatsi, kamora 'nako ea ho beleha - 25 mg / kg makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi.
Nako ea kalafo e fihlile ho matsatsi a 14, media o hlobaetsang le le otitis - ho fihlela matsatsi a 10.
Bakeng sa thibelo ea tšoaetso ea postoperative nakong ea ts'ebetso e nka nako e ka tlase ho hora e le 'ngoe, ho sebelisoa lethal dose ea 1 g iv nakong ea kenyelletso ea bohlokoahali. Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e telele - 1 g, lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 6 ka letsatsi. Ha motho a le kotsing e kholo ea ts'oaetso, a ka tsamaisoa ka matsatsi a 'maloa.
Maemong a ho hloleha ho phekola a renal ho sa feleng, lethal dose le khafetsa tsa tsamaiso li fetoloa ho latela CC: bakeng sa CC ho feta 30 ml / min, tokiso ea litekanyetso ha e hlokehe, bakeng sa CC 10-30 ml / min: ka hare - 250-500 mg / letsatsi le leng le le leng lihora tse 12, iv 1 g, ebe 500 mg iv, e nang le CC ka tlase ho 10 ml / min - 1 g, ebe 500 mg / letsatsi iv kapa 250-500 mg / letsatsi ka molomo ka nako e le ngoe. Bakeng sa bana, tekanyetso e lokela ho fokotsoa ka tsela e ts'oanang.
Bakuli ba hemodialysis - 250 mg kapa 500 mg ka molomo ho lethal dose le le leng kapa 500 mg iv, tekanyetso e le 'ngoe ea 1 nakong ea dialysis le lethal dose le le leng qetellong ea dialysis.
Litla-morao. Ho tsoa ho ts'ilo ea lijo: ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa, lets'ollo, gastritis, stomatitis, glossitis, ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea "sebete" transaminases, maemong a ikhethileng - cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, ho hloleha ha sebete (hangata ho batho ba baholo, banna, ka kalafo ea nako e telele), pseudomembranous le hemorrhagic colitis (e ka boela ea e-ba teng ka mor'a phekolo), enterocolitis, leleme le letšo "le lesoeu", le fifatsa enamel ea meno.
Litho tsa Hematopoietic: Keketseho e fetohang ea nako ea prothrombin le nako ea ho tsoa mali, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, eosinophilia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia.
Ho tsoa ts'ebetsong ea methapo: ho tsekela, ho opeloa ke hlooho, khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, phetoho ea boitšoaro, letsoalo.
Boitšoaro ba lehae: maemong a mang, phlebitis setsing sa ente ea iv.
Litla-morao: urticaria, erythematous rashes, ka seoelo - li-erythema tse ngata, likhahla tsa anaphylactic, angioedema, seoelo haholo - dermatitis, malignant exudative erythema (syndrome ea Stevens-Johnson), allergic vasculitis, lefu la tsoekere, mohlala .
Tse ling: candidiasis, nts'etsopele ea bonohe ba linaleli, nephritis ea li-interstitial, crystalluria, hematuria.
Bongata. Matšoao: Tlolo ea karolo ea mokokotlo le ho leka-lekana ha metsi.
Phekolo: matšoao. Hemodialysis ea sebetsa.
Tšebelisano. Li-antacid, glucosamine, laxatives, aminoglycosides li fokotsa lebelo hape li fokotsa ho monya, ascorbic acid e eketsa ho monya.
Lithethefatsi tsa bacteriostatic (macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides) li na le tšusumetso.
E eketsa ts'ebetso ea li-anticoagulants tse sa tobang (ho hatella microflora ea mala, ho fokotsa ho hlophisoa ha vithamine K le index ea prothrombin). Ka tsamaiso e le 'ngoe ea li-anticoagulants, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe matšoao a ho senyeha ha mali.
Fokotsa katleho ea lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo, lithethefatsi, nakong ea metabolism eo PABA e thehiloeng ho eona, ethinyl estradiol - kotsi ea ho tsoa mali "ho phatloha".
Diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs le lithethefatsi tse ling tse thibelang secretion ea tubular li phahamisa mokokotlo oa amoxicillin (clavulanic acid e hlahisoa haholo-holo ke moferefere oa glomerular).
Allopurinol e eketsa kotsi ea ho ba le lekhopho la letlalo.
Litaelo tse khethehileng. Ka mokhoa oa kalafo, hoa hlokahala ho lekola boemo ba ts'ebetso ea mali, sebete le liphio.
Bakeng sa ho fokotsa kotsi ea litlamorao ho tsoa mpeng ea mala, moriana o lokela ho nooa le lijo.
Hoa khoneha ho hlaolela superinitness ka lebaka la kholo ea microflora ha e na taba le eona, e hlokang phetoho e lekanang ea kalafo ea lithibela-mafu.
E kanna ea hlahisa litholoana tse ntle tsa 'nete boikemisetsong ba tsoekere moseneng. Maemong ana, ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa mokhoa oa glucose oxidant bakeng sa ho khetholla mokokotlo oa glucose ka har'a moroto.
Kamora ho hlapisoa, ho emisoa ha hoa lokela ho bolokoa matsatsi a sa feteng a 7 sehatsetsing, empa se sa hoama.
Bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le hypersensitivity ho penicillin, ho ka ba le lintho tse ling tse ka u sitisang ho etsa lintho ka litlhare tse thibelang mafu.
Ho ile ha senoloa maemo a ntlafatso ea colitis ea bokhachane ho masea a sa tsoa hlaha le ho basali baimana ba ileng ba phatloha ka pelehi ka litho.
Kaha matlapa a na le clavulanic acid (125 mg) e lekanang, ho lokela ho hopoloa hore matlapa a 2 a 250 mg (bakeng sa amooticillin) ha a lekane le letlapa le le leng bakeng sa 500 mg (bakeng sa amoxicillin).
Ngoliso ea naha ea meriana. Phatlalatso ea semmuso: ho li-vols tse 2. M: Lekhotla la Bongaka, 2009. - Moq. 2, karolo ea 1 - 568 s. Karolo ea 2 - 560 s.
Mefuta ea Litekanyetso
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid e hlahisoa ka mokhoa oa:
- matlapa a tlotsitsoeng a nang le litekanyetso tse fapaneng,
- asiti ea clavulanic e lula e le 0.125 g,
- amoxicillin
- 250,
- 500,
- 875,
- Phofo bakeng sa ho emisoa - 156 mg / 5 ml, 312 mg / 5 ml,
- phofo bakeng sa ente e nang le lethal dose ea 600 mg / 1200 mg.
Ka tokiso e rarahaneng, clavulanic acid e fumanoa e le letsoai la potasiamo - potasium clavulanate.
Matlapa a Amoxicillin + Clavulanate a na le sebopeho sa biconvex sa oblong, se tšoeu ka 'mala o nang le kotsi e fetohang. Ntle le lisebelisoa tse sebetsang, sebopeho sa litafole se kenyeletsa:
- baetsi ba lifilimi - silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose,
- khetla - polyethylene glycol, hypromellose, titanium dioxide.
Amoxicillin + Clavualanic acid, litaelo bakeng sa tšebeliso (Mokhoa le litekanyetso)
Litokisetso tse entsoeng motheong oa lintho tsena li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tsamaiso ea molomo, ea methapo kapa ea methapo. Tabeng ena, tekanyetso, kemiso le nako ea phekolo li thehiloe ho nahanela ho rarahana ha lefu lena, kutloelo-bohloko ea pathogen, sebaka seo tšoaetso le litšobotsi tsa mokuli li leng ho sona.
Mohlala, bakuli ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 ba eletsoa ho nka moriana ka mokhoa oa sirapo, ho emisoa kapa marotholi, a reretsoeng ho sebelisoa kahare. Tekanyetso e le 'ngoe e behiloe ho latela boima le lilemo tsa bakuli.
Tekanyetso e phahameng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea bana ho tloha ho ba lilemo li 12 le bakuli ba baholo ke 6 g, mme ho bakuli ba fokolang ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12, ho khothalletsoa ho bala tekanyo ea 45 mg ka kilogre ea boima.
Tekanyo e kholo e lumelletsoeng ea clavulanic acid ho bana ba lilemo li 12 le ho batho ba baholo ke 600 mg, le bakeng sa bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 ka tekanyo ea 10 mg ka kilogre ea boima.
Nako e tloaelehileng ea kalafo e ka ba matsatsi a 10-14.
Spectrum ea Antimicrobial
Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid e na le ts'ebetso ea bactericidal, e sebetsa hantle khahlanong le libaktheria le protozoa e amehang ho amoxicillin, ho kenyelletsa le beta-lactamase e hlahisang mefuta.
Ts'ebetso ea bactericidal e fihlella ka ho sitisa sebopeho sa baktheria peptidoglycan e hlokahalang bakeng sa lebota la baktheria.
Kakaretso e atolositsoeng ea inhibitor e sirelitsoeng ka litlhare tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tse nang le acid ea clavulanic acid e kenyeletsa:
- aerobes e nepahetseng
- Staphylococcus sp. Ho kenyelletsoa likarolo tsa mesophylline tse hlokofatsang tsa Staphylococcus aureus,
- streptococci, pneumococci, hemolytic streptococcus,
- Enterococci,
- lethathamo
- Gram-negative aerobes - Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Moxarell, Neisseria, Helicobacter pylori,
- gram le-anaerobes - tlokoli, peptococci,
- li-anaerobes tsa gram-negative - bacteroids, fusobacteria.
Li-penicillin tsa semisynthetic, tseo thepa ea tsona e ka fumanoang leqepheng la Penicillin Row, li se li le matla khahlanong le mefuta e mengata ea libaktheria.
Khanyetso e fumanoeng ea semisynthetic penicillin amooticillin e bonoa mefuteng e meng ea Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterococcus, Corynebacter. Ha e angoe ke amoxicillin / clavulanate chlamydia le mycoplasma.
Clavulanic acid ha e sebetse ho li-beta-lactamases, tse hlahisoang:
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e nang le "kutloisiso ea" quorum "e u lumellang hore u tloaelane le lithibela-mafu kapele, e ba le mefuta e hanyetsanang le tsona,
- lisele - baktheria e bakang tšoaetso ea mala, tsamaiso ea moroto, letlalo,
- Acinetobacter (Acinetobacter) - sesosa sa septicemia, meningitis, e kenyelelitsoe ka selemo sa 2017 ke mokhatlo oa WHO lenaneng la tšoaetso e kotsi ka ho fetisisa.
Ketso ea pharmacological
Likarolo tse sebetsang tsa lithethefatsi li kenella kapele ha li nooa ka molomo, le ha sethethefatsi se kenngoa kahare. Khokahano ea tlhophiso e kopaneng ea Amoxicillin / Clavulanate maling, e hlokahalang bakeng sa phello ea kalafo, e thehiloe kamora metsotso e 45.
Likarolo tsa sethethefatsi li tlama liprotheine tse ngata tsa mali, 'me 70-80% ea lithethefatsi tse fumanoeng maling e maemong a mahala.
Hloekisa lintho tse sebetsang ka har'a sebete:
- amooticillin - 10% ea lithibela-mafu tse amohelang e fetotsoe,
- clavulanic ho - e petsoha 50% ea motsoako o kenang.
Amoxicillin e epolloa ke ts'ebetso ea moroto. Bophelo ba halofo ea moriana o kopaneng, ho latela tekanyetso, ke lihora tse 1,3.
Moriana o tlosoa ha o sebelisa moriana ho latela litaelo, ka karolelano ea lihora tse 6.
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid e ngoletsoe bana le batho ba baholo ka mokhoa oa matlapa, ho emisoa, lisente tse kenang kahare ho tekanyetso e boletsoeng ho litaelo tsa ts'ebeliso.
Matšoao bakeng sa tsamaiso ea amoxicillin / clavulanate ke mafu:
- tsamaiso ea ho phefumoloha:
- pneumonia e fumanehang sechabeng, masapo a pulmonary,
- khahlisa
- bronchitis
- Mafu a ENT:
- sinusitis
- tonsillitis, leseling,
- otitis media
- liphatsa tsa lefutso:
- pyelonephritis, cystitis,
- ho ruruha ha li-tubop tsa fallopian, endometritis, cervicitis, prostatitis,
- chancre, gonorrhea,
- letlalo:
- erysipelas
- phlegmon
- impetigo
- cellulite
- ho loma liphoofolo
- osteomyelitis
- bakeng sa thibelo le kalafo ea tšoaetso ea postoperative.
Litaelo tsa ho sebelisoa
Nako ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi ka amoxicillin le clavulanic acid ha ea lokela ho feta libeke tse 2. Phekolo ea otitis media e lokela ho qeta matsatsi a 10.
Moriana o tsoang litafoleng o itlhatsoa ka metsi ha o nooa le lijo. Phofo ea ho emisoa e hlapolotsoe ka metsi a belisitsoeng, e leng bonyane halofo ea khalase.
Ho emisoa ho khothaletsoa kalafo ea bana le ea batho ba baholo ba nang le bothata ba ho koenya.
Litekanyetso tsa lithethefatsi li baloa ke amoxicillin.
Ngaka e etsa mofuta oa kalafo ka mokhoa o fapaneng ho latela lilemo, boima, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea moroto le ho tsebahala ha lesapo.
Ho tlameha ho hopoloa hore 0.5 g ea amoxicillin / 125 mg ea clavulanic to-u ke ke ua nkeloa sebaka ke litekanyetso tse peli tsa 250 mg / 125 mg.
Palo eohle ea clavulanate ketsahalong ea morao e tla ba e phahameng, e tla fokotsa khatello ea lithibela-mafu ka sethethefatsi.
Tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ha ea lokela ho ba ho feta:
- amoxicillin:
- kamora 12 l - 6 g
- ka tlasa lilithara tse 12 - eseng ho feta 45 mg / kg,
- Se-clavulanic to:
- tse fetang 12 l. - 600 mg
- nyane ka tlase ho lilithara tse 12 - 10 mg / kg.
Matlapa a batho ba baholo, thuto
Batho ba baholo, bana ba fetang 40 kg ba beiloe Amoxicillin / Clavulanate ho latela litaelo tsa tšebeliso:
- ka lefu le bonolo:
- makhetlo a mararo / d. 0,25 g
- habeli ka letsatsi. 500 mg
- le tšoaetso ea pulmonary, tšoaetso e matla:
- ka makhetlo a mararo / letsatsi. 0.5 g
- habeli ka letsatsi. 0,875 g.
Phofo ea ho emisoa bakeng sa bana
Sekao se ka sehloohong sa ho bala tekanyetso ea moriana ho latela litaelo ke boima le lilemo. Amoxicillin / Clavulanic asiti e beoa ka tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi:
- ho tloha tsoalong bakeng sa likhoeli tse 3. - Noa 30 mg / kg hoseng / mantsiboea,
- Likhoeli tse 3 ho fihla ho 12 l.
- ka lefu le bonolo:
- tšoaroa ka 25 mg / kg habeli / d.,
- jang 20 mg / kg 3 r. ka lihora tse 24,
- ho ruruha ho rarahaneng:
- jwala 45 mg / kg 2 p. / lihora tse 24 ,.
- nka 40 mg / kg 3 p / / lihora tse 24
- ka lefu le bonolo:
Ngoana ea ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 o lokela ho fuoa ho emisoa makhetlo a mararo / ka letsatsi. Tekanyetso e le 'ngoe ea ho emisoa ho felisitsoeng ke:
- Likhoeli tse 9 - lilemo tse 2 - 62,5 mg ea amoxicillin,
- ho tloha 2 l. ho fihlela lilithara tse 7 - 125,
- 7 l ho fihlela lilithara tse 12 - 250 mg.
Ngaka ea bana e ka eketsa kapa ea fokotsa litekanyetso tsa moriana ho latela boima, lilemo tsa ngoana le ho teba ha tšoaetso.
Tšebelisano
Ka kalafo le moriana hammohoantacid, Glucosamine, laxatives le aminoglycosides ho na le ho fokotseha le ho fokotseha ha monko, mme asiti ea ascorbic ho fapana le moo, eketsa monya.
Lithethefatsi tse ling tsa bacteriostatic, tse kang: macrolides, lincosamides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines le sulfonamidesbonts'a phello ea ho hanyetsa.
Moriana o ka eketsa katleho ea li-anticoagulants tse sa tobang, tse tsamaeang le khatello ea mala microflora, ho fokotseha ha mofuta oa vithamine K le index ea prothrombin. Ho ikopanya le li-anticoagulants ho hloka hore ho be le tlhokomelo e hlokolosi ea tlhaho madi.
Ketso e fokotsehile lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo, ethinyl estradiol, hammoho le lithethefatsi tse lumisang PABA, e eketsang kotsi ea ho tsoa mali. Diuretics, Phenylbutazone, Allopurinol, baemeli ba thibelang secretion ea tubular - e ka eketsa bongata ba amoxicillin.
Litaelo tse khethehileng
Phekolo ea netefatso e lokela ho etsoa tlasa taolo e matla ea ts'ebetso ea mali, liphio le sebete. Ho fokotsa kotsi ea liketso tse sa batleheng ka har'a tšilo ea lijo, moriana o lokela ho nooa le lijo.
Ka kholo ea microflora e sa tsotelleng lithethefatsi, ho ka hlaha tšusumetso e matla, ea hloka phekolo e nepahetseng ea antibacterial. Liphetho tse mpe tsa bohata ka linako tse ling li bonoa maemong a boikemisetso ba tsoekere moseneng. Ho khothalletsoa mokhoa oa "glucose oxidant"tsoekereka sebopeho sa moroto.
Ho emisoa ho kentsoeng ho ka bolokoa ka sehatsetsing, empa eseng matsatsi a fetang 7, ntle le ho bata. Ho bakuli ba nang le mamello penicillinlikarabelo tsa lintho tse ngata tse kopaneng le lithibela-mafu tsa cephalosporin.
Ho hlophisoa ha matlapa ho kenyelletsa palo e lekanang ea clavulanic acid, e leng 125 mg, ka hona ho tlameha ho hopoloa hore matlapeng a mabeli a 250 mg e mong le e mong o na le litaba tse fapaneng, a bapisoa le 500 mg.
Letsatsi la ho felloa ke nako
Li-analogues tse ka sehloohong li emeloa ke lithethefatsi: Amovicomb, Amoxivan, Amoxiclav, Quicktab, Amoxicillin trihydrate + Potasium clavulanate, Arlet, Augmentin, Baktoklav, Verklav, Klamosar, Liklav, Medoklav, Panclav, Ranklav, Rapiklav, Taromentin, Fibell, Flemoklav Solutab le Ecoclave.
Nakong ea kalafo ka moriana o mong le o mong o thibelang likokoana-hloko, ho se noe joala ho hokahantsoe, kaha sena se ka fokotsa katleho ea kalafo le ho eketsa ho teba ha litla-morao.
Tlhahlobo ho Amoxicillin + Clavualanic Acid
Joalokaha u tseba, lithibela-mafu ke lithethefatsi tse buisanoang ka ho fetisisa liforong tse fapaneng. Bakuli ba batla ba tšoenyehile ka ho lekana ka katleho ea ts'ebeliso ea litlhare tse joalo. Ka nako e tšoanang, litlhahlobo mabapi le Amoxicillin + Clavualanic acid e litokisetso tse ngata li ntle.
Ha ho na motho ea belaellang ho sebetsa hoa motsoako ona o thibelang likokoana-hloko, ka hona, o laetsoe kalafong ea mefuta ea mafu a rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa. Leha ho le joalo, hangata bakuli ba khahloa ke clavulanic acid, hore na ke eng le hore na e kopana joang le amoxicillin, ke hore, e ntlafatsa kapa e nolofatsa phello ea eona. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ntho ena e na le ts'ebetso ea eona ea antibacterial.
Hape, sethethefatsi sena hangata se fumanoa lipuisanong tse amanang le kalafo ea basali baimana. Empa litsebi tse ngata li eletsa ho nwa moriana nakong ena. Amoxiclav. Sena se tiisoa hape ke basali ba kileng ba phekoloa ka sethethefatsi sena ka linako tse fapaneng. ea boimana. E le molao, kalafo e lula e thusa ho felisa tlolo ea molao ntle le ho lematsa mokuli kapa lesea.
Lithibela-mafu ke karolo ea mekhoa e mengata ea kalafo e amanang le kalafo ea tšoaetso ea baktheria. Ho lokela ho hopoloa hore ho nka meriana e joalo ho ka khoneha feela joalokaha ho laetsoe ke ngaka. Empa pele, u hloka ho tseba hore na pathogen ena e utloa bohloko hakae. Ke ka hona feela phello e ntle ea kalafo e ka lebelloang ntle le ho eketsa kotsi 'meleng.
Liente tsa IV, litaelo bakeng sa batho ba baholo
Amoxicillin / clavulanic acid e tsamaisoa kahare ka mor'a lilemo tse 12 makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi kapa 4 r. / Letsatsi ka tekanyetso:
- ka lefu le bonolo la lefu lena - 1 g,
- maemong a ho kula haholo - 1200 mg.
Liente tsa IV bakeng sa bana, litaelo
Ngoana ea ka tlaase ho lilemo tse 12 o fuoa motsoako oa lithibela-mafu:
- Likhoeli tse 3.. Pelehi masea pele ho libeke tse 22 - habeli / ka letsatsi. 25 mg / kg
- Likhoeli tse 3 ho fihla ho 12 l.
- phallo e bonolo - makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi 25 mg / kg,
- ho kula haholo - makhetlo a 4 / ka letsatsi. 25 mg / kg.
Khalemelo e etsoa sebakeng se tlase sa clearinine clearance, e lekantsoeng ka ml / min.
- ka tlase ho 30 empa ho feta 10:
- litekanyetso li matlapeng ke 0,25 g -0,5 g, kamora lihora tse 12,
- ka / ka - habeli ka letsatsi, pele 1 g, kamora - 0, 5 g,
- ka tlase ho 10:
- ka molomo - 0, 25 g, kapa 0, 5 g,
- in / in - 1 g, kamora 0.5 g.
Ke ngaka feela e ka fetolang litekanyetso ho latela liphetho tsa boithuto ba ketso ea boits'oaro.
Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid e lumelloa ho phekola bakuli ba hemodialysis. Tekanyetso ka mor'a 12 l .:
- matlapa - 250 mg / 0.5 g
- ente iv - 0.5 g - 1 nako.
Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea hemodialysis qalong le qetellong ea seboka, moriana o sebelisoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng tekanyong e le 'ngoe.
Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi
Ho amoheloa ha Amoxicillin / Clavulanate ho mpefala ha o ntse o sebelisa litlhare:
- antacid - lithethefatsi tse khelosang acidity ea ka mpeng,
- lithibela-mafu tsa aminoglycoside,
- litlatsetso
- glucosamine.
Ho kenngoa ha motsoako o kopaneng oa vithamine C ho matlafatsoa, ha tsamaiso e tšoanang ea allopurinol, NSAIDs, li-blockchain tsa calcium calcium li eketsa sekhahla sa eona maling, e fokotsa sekhahla sa ho hlohlona ha glomerular maling.
Amoxicillin / Clavulanate e nang le lithibela-mafu tse nang le litlamorao tsa bacteriostatic - macrolides, lincosamines, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol - ha e laeloe ka nako e tšoanang.
Molemong oa phekolo ea Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, katleho ea ts'ebetso e fetoha:
- li-anticoagulants - lia eketseha, hobane ho hlokahala hore ho laoloe ho bolaoa ha mali,
- lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo - fokotsehile.
Ha e khothalletsoe ka litaelo tsa tšebeliso ea Amoxicillin / Clavulanate kalafong ea moriana ka tšebeliso ea joala, kaha sena se eketsa mojaro ho sebete 'me se eketsa menyetla ea litla-morao.
Boimana
Amoxicillin / Clavulanate ke teratogenic ka sehlopheng sa B. Sena se bolela hore le ha lithuto tsa moriana li sa hlahise litlamorao tse mpe bakeng sa lesea le ntseng le tsoela pele ho hlaha, datha tsa kliniki mabapi le polokeho e felletseng ea moriana ha e lekane.
Amoxillin + Clavulanate e lokela ho sebelisoa ka thata ho latela litaelo tsa tšebeliso le leano le boletsoeng ke ngaka. Ho fana ka kalafo ea Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid ho basali ba baimana ho ka etsahala feela ho latela lipontšo, ho nahana ka phello e ntle ea lithethefatsi le phello ea eona ho lesea.
Arlet, Amoxiclav, Panclave, Ranklav, Augmentin, Flemoklav Solutab, Quicktab, Klavocin, Moksiklav.
Analogs Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Li-analoggues tsa amoxicillin clavulanic acid ke litokisetso tse kopaneng tse nang le lintho tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa - amoxicillin le clavulanic acid, hammoho le likarolo tse' maloa tse thusang, tse ka fapana bakeng sa meriana e fapaneng.
Amoxiclav
Amoxiclav ke lithethefatsi tse loantšang likokoana-hloko tse nang le litlamorao tse ngata. E na le likarolo tse peli tsa sehlooho:
- Amoxicillin - ntho e sebetsang, lithibela-mafu ka boeona,
- Clavulanic acid - e na le thepa e nyane ea antibacterial. Ts'ebetso ea eona e ka sehloohong ke ho sireletsa amoxicillin litlamorao tse mpe tsa tikoloho ea motho ea ka hare.
Ho latela mofuta oa tokollo, lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa tlatsetso li eketsoa ho moriana, litekanyetso tsa likarolo tsa mantlha le tsona lia fapana:
- Matlapa a nang le 250 mg, 875 mg kapa 500 mg ea moemeli oa antibacterial le 125 mg ea acid. Lintho tse thabisang li kenyelletsa: silicon dioxide, triethyl citrate, titanium dioxide, selulose le talc,
- Ho emisoa 5 ml ea mokelikeli o hlophisitsoeng o na le 125 mg ea amoxicillin le 31 mg ea ntho e sireletsang. E le hore moriana o boloke sebopeho sa ona le ho latsoa botle, citric acid, selulose, sodium benzoate le tatso e fapaneng le tsona li eketsoa ho eona.
Amoxiclav ke analog ea amooticillin clavulanate, e sa fapana ka sebopeho sa eona. E sebelisoa bakeng sa li-pathologies tse tšoanang le li-antibacterial agents tse ling tse nang le amoxicillin le clavulanic acid. Theko ea sethethefatsi sena e tlase hanyane ho feta pholisi ea litheko tsa eona. Empa ka karolelano, liphapang ha li na letho (li-ruble tse 50-100).
- Matlapa a 500 mg a tla bitsa li-ruble tse 340-360 bakeng sa likotoana tse 15,
- Phofo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea 100 ml ea ho emisoa e tla bitsa li-ruble tse 300,
- Tharollo bakeng sa tsamaiso ea batsoali - li-ruble tse 850- 900 bakeng sa likhaba tse 5 tse nang le 1 g ea amoxicillin ka 'ngoe.
Flemoklav Solutab
Analogue e theko e tlaase ea lithethefatsi Amoxicillin ke Flemoklav Solutab. Sebopeho sa eona ha se fapana le litaba tsa Amoxiclav, empa e fumaneha ka foromo ea letlapa feela. Tabeng ena, e loketse feela kalafo ea bana le batho ba baholo.
Matlapa a 20, a nang le 75 mg ea amoxicillin le 31 ml ea clavulanic acid, a ka rekoa libakeng tsa meriana ka li-ruble tse 300-320. Litaba tse phahameng tsa lintho tse ka sehloohong li tla bitsa chelete e ngata - li-ruble tse 500-520 bakeng sa matlapa a 14 a 875 mg ka 'ngoe.
Augmentin ke lithethefatsi tseo e leng mofuta oa analogue oa amoxicillin clavulanic acid. Meetso ea bona e ts'oana - likarolo tse peli tsa mantlha, hammoho le selulose, potasiamo, silicon joalo-joalo. Leano la litheko le batla le tšoana le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tšoanang.
Mefuta ea Tsamaiso:
- Phofo bakeng sa ho emisoa
- Lipilisi
- Tharollo ea entetso.
Leqeba le leholo la pharmacological le u lumella ho khetha moriana o motle ka ho fetisisa. U ka khetha moetsi oa kantle ho naha kapa oa Serussia, litekanyetso tse lakatsehang le mofuta o motle oa ho lokolla.
Haeba u lumela litlhahlobo, ho na le eng kapa eng e ka sebelisang Amoxicillin clavulanic acid e lumellana hantle le lefu lefe kapa lefe la mafu a tsoang lenaneng la mafu a boletsoeng litaelong tsa moriana.
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Tafole ea papiso
Lebitso la lithethefatsi | Bioavailability,% | Bioavailability, mg / l | Nako ea ho fihlela khatello e kholo, h | Half-life, h |
Augmentin | 89 – 90 | 79 – 85 | 3 – 6 | 3 – 5 |
Amovicomb | 45 – 50 | 56 – 59 | 0,5 – 1 | 2 – 6 |
Amoxiclav | 78 – 89 | 87 – 90 | 3 – 3,5 | 3 – 9 |
Amoxiclav Quicktab | 79 – 90 | 76 – 77 | 10 – 12 | 3 – 5 |
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid | 78 – 91 | 73 – 85 | 8 – 10 | 2 – 5 |
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid Pfizer | 79 – 86 | 70 – 90 | 8 – 10 | 2 – 5 |
Arlet | 45 – 55 | 47 – 49 | 7 – 9 | 3 – 6 |
Baktoklav | 34 – 40 | 38 – 43 | 8,5 – 12 | 3 – 6 |
Augmentin EU | 80 – 83 | 83 – 88 | 1 – 2,5 | 8 – 9 |
Augmentin SR | 76 – 80 | 82 – 89 | 1,5 – 2,5 | 5 – 9 |
Verklav | 45 – 47 | 49 – 51 | 1 – 1,5 | 7 – 9 |
Fibell | 45 – 47 | 50 – 53 | 1 – 2 | 5 – 7 |
Clamosar | 79 – 91 | 85 – 89 | 0,5 – 1,5 | 5 – 8 |
Lisclav | 45 – 49 | 55 – 59 | 1,5 – 1,2 | 2 – 6 |
Tlatsa | 88 – 99 | 90 – 91 | 2,5 – 3,5 | 4 – 6 |
Panklav | 78 – 95 | 84 – 86 | 12 – 14 | 1 – 2 |
Boemo | 89 – 94 | 89 – 92 | 10 – 11 | 1 – 3 |
Rapiclav | 32 – 36 | 30 – 45 | 10 – 13 | 1 – 4 |
Taromentin | 78 – 80 | 67 – 75 | 1,3 – 1,8 | 1 – 1,5 |
Flemoklav Solutab | 78 – 87 | 88 – 89 | 1 – 3,5 | 5 – 7 |
Ecoclave | 90 – 93 | 90 – 98 | 13 – 14,5 | 2 – 4 |
Analogues ea lithethefatsi Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid
Hatisa lenane la li-analogues
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid) Antibiotic-penicillin semi-synthetic + beta-lactamase inhibitor Matlapa a kopaneng, lyophilisate bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha tharollo ea methapo, phofo bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha tharollo ea molomo, matlapa, phofo bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha tharollo ea methapo, matlapa. Letlapa le fumanehang
Litokisetso tse kopaneng tsa amoxicillin le clavulanic acid, inhibitor ea beta-lactamase. E etsa bactericidal, e thibela ho hlophisoa ha lerako la baktheria.
E sebetsa khahlanong le libaktheria tse ntle tsa aerobic gram (ho kenyeletsa le beta-lactamase e hlahisang lijalo): Staphylococcus aureus,
Baktheria ea aerobic gram-negative: Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella spp., Moraxella catarrhalis.
Likokoana-hloko tse latelang li ameha ka ho khetheha ho vitro: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogene, Streptococcus anthracis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus faecalis, Corynebacterium spp.
"Aerobic gram-negative bacteria" (ho kenyeletsa le lithane tse hlahisang beta-lactamase): Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. ), Campylobacter jejuni,
Libaktheria tsa anaerobic gram-negative (ho kenyelletsa le beta-lactamase e hlahisang lisele): Bacteroides spp.
Clavulanic acid e hatella mofuta oa II, III, IV le V beta-lactamases, e sa sebetseng khahlanong le mofuta I beta-lactamases, e hlahisitsoeng ke Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia spp, Acinetobacter spp. Clavulanic acid e na le tropism e phahameng bakeng sa penicillinases, ka lebaka leo e theha motsoako o tsitsitseng ka enzyme, e thibelang ho senyeha ha enzymatic ea amoxicillin tlasa tšusumetso ea beta-lactamases.
Ts'oaetso ea baktheria e bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tse tebileng: tšoaetso e tlase ea phefumoloho (bronchitis, pneumonia, empuralma, lesapo la matšoafo), ts'oaetso ea litho tsa ENT (sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media), ts'oaetso ea tsamaiso ea genitourinary le litho tsa pelvic (pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, cervicitis, salpingitis, salpingoophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, endometritis, bacterial vaginitis, ho ntša mpa ka septic, sepsis ea morao-rao, pelvioperitonitis, chancre e bonolo, gonorrhea), ts'oaetso ea letlalo le lisele tse bonolo (erysipelas, impetigo, sekhahla empa dermatoses nang le tšoaetso, abscesses, cellulitis, leqeba tshwaetso), osteomyelitis, tšoaetso postoperative, thibelo ea tsoaetso eo ka ho buoa.
Litlamorao
Ho tsoa ho ts'ilo ea lijo: ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa, lets'ollo, gastritis, stomatitis, glossitis, ts'ebetso e eketsehang ea translamase ea "sebete", maemong a sa tloaelehang - cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, ho hloleha ha sebete (hangata ho batho ba baholo, banna, ka kalafo ea nako e telele), pseudomembranous le hemorrhagic colitis (e ka boela ea e-ba teng ka mor'a phekolo), enterocolitis, leleme le letšo "le lesoeu", le fifatsa enamel ea meno.
Litho tsa Hematopoietic: Keketseho e fetohang ea nako ea prothrombin le nako ea ho tsoa mali, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, eosinophilia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia.
Ho tsoa ts'ebetsong ea methapo: ho tsekela, ho opeloa ke hlooho, khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, phetoho ea boitšoaro, letsoalo.
Boitšoaro ba lehae: maemong a mang, phlebitis setsing sa tsamaiso ea methapo.
Litla-morao: urticaria, erythematous rashes, ka seoelo - li-erythema tse ngata, likhahla tsa anaphylactic, angioedema, seoelo haholo - dermatitis, malignant exudative erythema (syndrome ea Stevens-Johnson), allergic vasculitis, lefu la tsoekere, mohlala .
Tse ling: candidiasis, nts'etsopele ea bonohe ba linaleli, nephritis ea li-interstitial, crystalluria, hematuria.
Sesebelisoa le litekanyetso
Litekanyetso li baloa ho latela amoxicillin. Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa litekanyetso o beoa ka bonngoe ho latela botebo ba thupelo le sebaka sa ts'oaetso, kutloisiso ea pathogen.
Bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 - ka mokhoa oa ho emisoa, sirapo kapa marotholi bakeng sa tsamaiso ea molomo.Tekanyetso e le 'ngoe e thehiloe ho latela lilemo: bana ba ho isa ho likhoeli tse 3 - 30 mg / kg / letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse 2 tse arohaneng, likhoeli tse 3 le ho feta - bakeng sa tšoaetso ea boima bo bobe - 25 mg / kg / letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse 2 tse arohaneng kapa 20 mg / kg / letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse 3, ka ts'oaetso e matla - 45 mg / kg / letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse 2 kapa 40 mg / kg / letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse 3.
Batho ba baholo le bana ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 12 kapa boima ba 40 kg kapa ho feta: 500 mg makhetlo a 2 / letsatsi kapa 250 mg makhetlo a 3 / ka letsatsi. Ho tsoaetso e matla le tšoaetso ea pampitšana ea phefumoloho - 875 mg makhetlo a 2 / ka letsatsi kapa 500 mg makhetlo a 3 / ka letsatsi.
Tekanyo e phahameng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea amoxicillin ho batho ba baholo le bana ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 12 ke 6 g, bakeng sa bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 - 45 mg / kg boima ba mmele.
Tekanyo e phahameng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea clavulanic acid ho batho ba baholo le bana ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 12 ke 600 mg, bakeng sa bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 - 10 mg / kg boima ba mmele.
Ka bothata ba ho koenya ho batho ba baholo, ho khothalletsoa ts'ebeliso ea emisoa.
Ha u lokisa ho emisoa, sirapo le marotholi, metsi a lokela ho sebelisoa e le solvent.
Ha e fuoa methapo, batho ba baholo le ba lilemong tse ka holimo ho 12 ba fuoa 1 g (bakeng sa amoxicillin) makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi, haeba ho hlokahala makhetlo a 4 ka letsatsi. Tekanyo e phahameng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ke 6 g.
Bakeng sa bana ba likhoeli tse 3-ea lilemo li 12 - 25 mg / kg makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi, maemong a boima - makhetlo a 4 ka letsatsi, bakeng sa bana ho isa ho likhoeli tse 3: pele ho nako le nakong ea koluoa - 25 mg / kg makhetlo a 2 ka letsatsi, nakong ea kamora ho beleha - 25 mg / kg makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi.
Nako ea kalafo e fihlile ho matsatsi a 14, mecha ea litaba ea hlobaetsang otitis - ho fihlela matsatsi a 10.
Bakeng sa thibelo ea tšoaetso ea postoperative nakong ea ts'ebetso e nka nako e ka tlase ho hora e le 'ngoe, ho sebelisoa lethal dose ea 1 g iv nakong ea kenyelletso ea bohlokoahali. Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e telele - 1 g, lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 6 ka letsatsi. Ha motho a le kotsing e kholo ea ts'oaetso, a ka tsamaisoa ka matsatsi a 'maloa.
Maemong a ho hloleha ho phekola a renal, ho etsoa le liphetoho tsa tekanyo ea tekanyo ho latela CC: bakeng sa CC ho feta 30 ml / min, tokiso ea litekanyetso ha e hlokehe, bakeng sa CC 10-30 ml / min: ka hare - 250-500 mg / ka letsatsi ka lihora tse 12, iv - 1 g, ebe 500 mg iv, e nang le CC ka tlase ho 10 ml / min - 1 g, ebe 500 mg / letsatsi iv kapa 250-500 mg / letsatsi ka molomo ka nako e le ngoe. Bakeng sa bana, tekanyetso e lokela ho fokotsoa ka tsela e ts'oanang.
Bakuli ho hemodialysis - 250 mg kapa 500 mg ka molomo ho lethal dose le le leng kapa 500 mg iv, tekanyetso e le 'ngoe ea 1 nakong ea dialysis le lethal dose le le leng qetellong ea thuto ea dialysis.
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid: litaelo tsa tšebeliso
Ho ikoetlisa ho ka ba kotsi bophelong ba hao.
Hoa hlokahala ho buisana le ngaka, hammoho le ho bala litaelo pele u li sebelisa.
Phofo bakeng sa tharollo bakeng sa tsamaiso ea methapo
0.5 g + 0,1 g, 1,0 g +0.2 g.
Botlolo e le 'ngoe e na le
Lintho tse sebetsang: sodium amoxicillin ho latela amoxicillin - 0.5 g, 1.0 g
potasiamo clavulanate ho ea ka clavulanic acid - 0,1 g, 0,2 g
Phofo ho tloha ho e tšoeu ho e tšoeu e nang le tint e bosehla.
Melemo ea pharmacological
Kamora ho kenella kahare ho moriana ka tekanyetso ea 1,2 le 0,6 g, litekanyetso tse akaretsang tsa kakaretso e phahameng ea plasma (Cmax) ea amoxicillin ke 105.4 le 32.2 μg / ml, clavulanic acid - 28,5 le 10,5 μg / ml, ka ho latellana.
Likarolo tsena ka bobeli li tšoauoa ka bophahamo bo boholo ba karolelano maro a 'mele le liseleng (matšoafo, tsebe e bohareng, mekelikeli ea methapo le methapo ea popelo, popelo, mae a bomme).
Amoxicillin e boetse e kenella mokelikeli oa mokokotlo, sebete, tšoelesa ea senya, masapo a mokokotlo, mesifa ea mesifa, lesapo la nyooko, secretion ea sinose, secretion ea bronchial. Amoxicillin le clavulanic acid ha li tšeloe ke tšitiso ea mali le methapo ea letsoho e sa amaneng.
Lintho tse sebetsang li tšela mokoetla o mongata 'me molemong oa ho tsepamisa mohopolo li pepuoa lebeseng la matsoele.
Ho kopanya liprotheine tsa plasma bakeng sa amoxicillin ke 17-20%, bakeng sa clavulanic acid - 22-30%.
Likarolo ka bobeli tsa sebete li na le methapo. Amoxicillin e na le metabolite e itseng - 10% ea lethal dose e laetsoeng, acid ea clavulanic e tsoa ho metabolism e matla - 50% ea lethal dose e laetsoeng.
Kamora ho kenella kahare ho ts'ebetso ea lithethefatsi amoxicillin + clavulanic acid e tekanyetso ea 1,2 le 0,6 g, halofo ea bophelo (T1 / 2) bakeng sa amooticillin ke lihora tse 0,9 le 1,07 bakeng sa lihora tsa clavulanic acid 0,9 le 1,12.
Amoxicillin e hloekisoa ke liphio (50-78% ea lethal dose e laetsoeng) hoo e batlang e sa fetoloe ke sechetion ea tubular le glomerular filtration. Clavulanic acid e hloekisoa ke liphio ka mokhoa o sa fetoheng oa glomerular, ka tsela e itseng e le ka sebopeho sa metabolites (25-40% ea lethal dose le fanoang) nakong ea lihora tse 6 kamora ho sebelisa moriana.
Lintho tse nyane li ka fokotsoa ka mala le matšoafo.
Lithethefatsi ke motsoako oa semisynthetic penicillin amooticillin le beta-lactamase inhibitor - clavulanic acid. E etsa bactericidal, e thibela ho hlophisoa ha lerako la baktheria.
E sebetsang khahlanong le:
baktheria e ntle ea aerobic gram-e kenyeletsang (ho kenyeletsa le beta-lactamase e hlahisang lithane): Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epermidis, Streptococcus pyogene, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus spp, Corynebacterium spp.
Libaktheria tse nang le li-gram tse ntle tsa anaerobic: Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp.,
libaktheria tse mpe tsa aerobic gram-negative (ho kenyelletsa le mefuta e hlahisang beta-lactamases): Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.
, Bordetella pertussis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Gardnerella vaginalis, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Yersinia multocida (eo pele e neng e le Pasteurella), jejunlobact
Libaktheria tsa anaerobic gram-negative (ho kenyelletsa le beta-lactamase e hlahisang lisele): Bacteroides spp.
Clavulanic acid e hatella mofuta oa II, III, IV le V mefuta ea beta-lactamases, e sa sebetseng khahlanong le mofuta I beta-lactamases e hlahisoang ke Enterobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia spp, Acinetobacter spp.
Clavulanic acid e na le tropism e phahameng bakeng sa penicillinases, ka lebaka leo e theha motsoako o tsitsitseng ka enzyme, e thibelang ho senyeha ha enzymatic ea amoxicillin tlasa tšusumetso ea beta-lactamases.
Mafu a tšoaetsanoang le a tšoaetsanoang a bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tse anngoeng ke moriana:
- tšoaetso ea ts'ebetso ea phepelo e kaholimo (ho kenyeletsa litho tsa ENT):
sinusitis e mpe le e sa foleng, mecha ea litaba e hlobaetsang le e sa foleng
pharyngeal abscess, tonsillitis, pharyngitis
- tšoaetso e tlase ea phefumoloho ea tšoaetso: bronchitis e matla le e bakoang ke baktheria, lefu la bronchitis e sa foleng, pneumonia
- ts'oaetso ea genitourinary system: pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, chancre e bonolo, gonorrhea
- tšoaetso ho gynecology: cervicitis, salpingitis, salpingoophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, endometritis, bacterinitis vaginitis, ho ntša mpa
- ts'oaetso ea letlalo le lisele tse bonolo: erysipelas, impetigo, dermatoses tse tšoaelitsoeng ka mor'a nako, lekhopho, phlegmon, ts'oaetso ea leqeba
- ts'oaetso ea lithane tse masapo le tse sebetsang
- ts'oaetso ea pampitšana ea biliary: cholecystitis, cholangitis
- tšoaetso ea odontogenic, ts'oaetso ea kamora ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, thibelo ea tšoaetso e bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tse anngoeng ke kalafo ea kalafo ea methapo ea methapo ea ka mpeng
Tekanyetso le tsamaiso
Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa litekanyetso o beoa ka bonngoe ho latela lilemo, boima ba 'mele, ts'ebetso ea liphio, hape le botebong ba ts'oaetso. Phekolo ha ea lokela ho tsoelapele matsatsi a fetang 14 ntle le ho lekola boemo ba mokuli.
Batho ba baholo le bana ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 12: moriana o laetsoe ka tekanyetso ea 1,2 g, lihora tse 8 ka makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi, haeba a ka tšoaetsoa haholo - lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 6, makhetlo a 4 ka letsatsi. Tekanyo e phahameng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ke 6 g.
Ho bana ba boima bo ka tlase ho 40 kg, dosing e sebelisoa ho latela boima ba 'mele ba ngoana. Ho khothalletsoa ho boloka sekhahla sa lihora tse 4 lipakeng tsa liente tsa Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid ho thibela ho ata ha clavulanic acid.
Bana ba ka tlase ho likhoeli tse 3
Bana ba boima bo ka tlase ho 4 kg: 50/5 mg / kg nako le nako lihora tse 12
Bana ba nang le boima bo fetang lik'hilograma tse 'ne: 50/5 mg / kg, lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 8, ho latela boholo ba ts'oaetso
Bana ba ho tloha likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 12
50 / 5mg / kg nako le nako ka lihora tse 68, ho latela boholo ba ts'oaetso
Bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho phekola renal, lethal le le / kapa karohano lipakeng tsa liente li lokela ho fetoloa ho latela tekanyo ea ho haella: ka clearinine clearance e fetang 30 ml / min, phokotso ea litekanyetso ha e hlokehe, ka clearinine clearance 10-30 ml / min, kalafo e qala ka 1.2 g , joale 0,6 g lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 12, ka tumello ea creatinine e ka tlase ho 10 ml / min - 1,2 g, ebe 0,6 g / ka letsatsi.
Bakeng sa bana ba nang le tekanyo ea "creatinine" e ka tlase ho 30 ml / min, tšebeliso ea mofuta ona oa Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid ha e khothalletsoe.Kaha 85% ea lithethefatsi e tlosoa ke hemodialysis, qetellong ea ts'ebetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea hemodialysis, o lokela ho kenya tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea lithethefatsi.
Ka peraloneal dialysis, tokiso ea lethal dose ha e hlokehe.
Litokisetso le tsamaiso ea tharollo ea ente e kenang kahare: qhala lintho tse ka har'a vial 0.6 g (0.5 g + 0.1 g) ka 10 ml ea metsi bakeng sa ente kapa 1,2 g (1,0 g + 0,2 g) ka 20 ml ea metsi bakeng sa ente.
Ho kena / ho kena butle (nakong ea metsotso e 3-4.)
Litokisetso le kenyelletso ea litharollo tsa infravenous infusion: Litharollo tse lokiselitsoeng bakeng sa ente ea intravenous e nang le 0,6 g (0.5 g + 0,1 g) kapa 1.2 g (1,0 g + 0,2 g) ea moriana e lokela ho ts'oaroa ka 50 ml kapa 100 ml ea tharollo ea infusion, ka ho latellana. Nako ea infusion ke metsotso e 3040.
Ha o sebelisa litharollo tse latelang tsa infusion meqolo e khothalletsoang, likhakanyo tse hlokahalang tsa lithibela-mafu li bolokiloe ho tsona.
E le solvent bakeng sa infusion e kenang kahare, litharollo tsa infusion li ka sebelisoa: tharollo ea sodium chloride 0,9%, tharollo ea Ringer, tharollo ea potasiamo chloride.
Amoxicillin e nang le clavulanic acid - k'holeseterole ea bongaka ea mefuta e thibelang limela
Le ho qaleha ha Russia hoa lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tse kang amoxicillin clavulanic acid, re fumana seo re neng re se emetse ka nako e telele - meriana e nang le menyetla e tlase ea ho arabela hampe, ka tšepo e kholo ea ho hlaphoheloa.
Ho sa le joalo, haeba u sheba setšoantšo sa 'nete sa litlhare tse thibelang likokoana-hloko (morao-rao - PL) naheng ea rona, ho ka hlokomeloa hore, leha ho na le boiteko bo entsoeng ba ho qhelela ka thoko basebetsi ba bang ba antimicrobial ho tsoa mokheng oa bongaka bo sebetsang, boemo bo ntse bo le hole haholo .
Leha ho le joalo, re hlokomela mokhoa o lebisang ts'ebelisong ea lithethefatsi ka katleho e bonahatsang. Haeba re bua ka kalafo ea tšoaetso ea phefumoloho, re ka hlokomela tataiso ea mantlha kalafong ea bakuli ba rona - ena ke ntoa ea Str.pneumoniae, H.influenzae le Moraxella catarrbalis.
Setlhare se joalo sa antimicrobial joalo ka amoxicillin se lula maemong a etellang pele naheng ea rona. Ts'ebetso ea eona e phahameng khahlanong le sehlopha sa beta-hemolytic A streptococci, pneumococci, hemophilic bacillus (e sa hlahiseng beta-lactamase) e tiisitsoe.
Tekanyetso e kopaneng ea amoxicillin + clavulanic acid e tšoauoa ka botlalo le botlalo ba ho kenella ho feta ampicillin, e na le boemo bo phahameng ba ho kenella ka har'a lithane, sinus tsa maxillary, tsebe e bohareng ea tsebe, tsamaiso ea bronchopulmonary.
Ha e bapisoa le ampicillin trihydrate, amoxicillin e nang le clavulanic acid e na le molemo o moholo - tekanyo e nyane ea limolek'hule, e nolofatsang ho kenella ha eona ka har'a sele ea microbial, bioavailability e ngata, e ikemetseng ho lijo, e leng tšobotsi e ikhethang bakeng sa sebopeho sa tekanyetso sa moriana sena se entsoeng ka theknoloji ea Solutab. ”(Flemoxin Solutab). Ho ba le bioavailability e phahameng maemong a lithethefatsi tsa antimicrobial ho bohlokoa eseng feela ka phello ea lithethefatsi, empa hape le kamanong le kotsi ea dysbiosis ea mala. Ntle le moo, lithibela-mafu tse ngata tse sa kenngoeng tsamaisong ea kemiso li tla lula lesikeng la mokokotlo, e leng ho eketsang menyetla ea leqeba la dysbiotic le lets'ollo.
Taba ea lipuisano tsa rona ke motsoako oa amoxicillin le clavulanic acid ka sebopeho sa litekanyetso tsa motsoako (tse latelang - LF).
Ho bohlokoa ho bolela hore ho thehoa ha lithethefatsi tse qhibilihang ho bohlokoa hape ho tloha ntlheng ea pono ea ho latela melao: ho sa tsotelehe hore lithethefatsi tse nang le metsi li reretsoe bana, mme lithethefatsi tse tiileng (li-capsules le matlapa) li etselitsoe batho ba baholo, batho ba baholo ba bangata ka lebaka la likhetho tsa motho ka mong kapa mabaka a mang (ba tsofetseng, ba robetseng liphateng) mokuli) a ka rata ho sebelisa LF e metsi. Litlhare tse tloaelehileng tsa mokelikeli, ho etsa mohlala, sirapo, li na le meeli ha ho sebelisoa lithethefatsi tse tsamaisanang le solubility ea lithethefatsi ka boeona, ho emisoa - tekanyo e nepahetseng ea lithibela-mafu.Tharollo ea bothata bona e bile ho hlaha ha theknoloji "Solutab", moo lintho tse sebetsang li beoang ka har'a li-Microphanesia, 'me e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e koahetsoeng ka membrane e qhibilihang tikolohong ea alkaline ea mala a manyane.
Amoxicillin ka microspheres e boloka botsitso tikolohong e nang le acid. Ha re nka amoxicillin e tloaelehileng, e 'ngoe ea eona ea qhibiliha ka mpeng, kahoo re lahleheloa ke karolo e itseng ea lithethefatsi.
Ha ho nooa, ho felisoa ha moriana ho hlaha karolong e kaholimo ea mala, le ho isa ka potlako, ho tlosoa ka botlalo le phello e mpe e fokolang mpeng.
Litheknoloji tsa phekolo ea "Solutab" li lumella ho eketsa bioavailability, eseng feela amoxicillin, empa hape le clavulanic acid.
Ho ea ka datha e setšoantšong se latelang, ho ka etsahala ho netefatsa hore LF tse hasantsoeng li na le melemo e meholo ho tse tloaelehileng, eseng feela mabapi le pharmacokinetics, empa hape le ho latela: monyetla oa ho nka "bakuli ba robetseng" ntle le kotsi ea "li-caps" kapa "litafole" tse khangoeng mokhoeng o le mong. Ngoana, khetho ke ho qhala letlapa leo kapa ho le nka ka botlalo. Ho ke ho hlokomeloe hore phello e nyane ea Flemoklav Solutab ka microflora ea mala e netefatsoa ke karolo e tlase e setseng ea lithethefatsi tse ka mpeng.
Hajoale, ho na le keketseho ea ho fumanoa ha mefuta ea likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic e hlahisang beta-lactamases. Li-enzyme tsena li hlahisa likokoana-hloko tsa maloetse a tšoaetsanoang ka ho hema: H.influenzae, Moraxella catarrbalis, E. coli. Tšebeliso ea penicillin e sirelelitsoeng inhibitor ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tse tšepisang ka ho fetisisa tsa ho hlola khanyetso e amanang le tlhahiso ea beta-lactamase.
Lintho tse thibelang likokoana-hloko li kenella ka mokhoa o sa fetoheng ho beta-lactamases (seo ho thoeng ke sesosa sa ho ipolaea) ka ntle ho sele (ka libaktheria tse ntle tsa gram) le ka hare ho eona (ka gram-negative), le ho thusa lithibela-mafu hore li be le phello ea antimicrobial.
Liphetho tsa tšebeliso ea li-inhibitors ke ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha bonyane ba inhibitory mahloriso (MIC) ea lithibela-mafu 'me, ka lebaka leo, keketseho e kholo ea ts'ebetso ea lithethefatsi, e bonoang ka ho hlaka ka ho bapisa ts'ebetso ea amoxicillin le ho kopanya ha eona le clavulanic acid.
Clavulanic acid e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lithibela-mafu eseng feela ka lebaka la thibelo ea li-enzyme, empa hape le ka lebaka la phello ea anti-inoculation (ho fokotseha ha bongata ba li-microorganisms ka bophahamo ba unit), hammoho le phello ea post-beta-lactamase-inhibitory khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse itseng.
Moelelo oa morao-rao ke hore tlas'a tšusumetso ea clavulanate, sele ea maiketsetso e emisa ho hlahisa beta-lactamase nakoana, e fanang ka amoxicillin "tekanyo ea tokoloho" e eketsehileng. Phello ea post-beta-lactamase-inhibitory e phehella bonyane lihora tse 5.
kamora hore acid e qale ho sebetsa, 'me haeba sele ea microbial e sa hlahise beta-lactamase nakong ea lihora tse 5, ka tlhaho, ts'ebetso ea amoxicillin e eketseha.
Amoxicillin hammoho le acid ea clavulanic e bonts'a matla a phello. Ho kenyelletsoa ha beta-lactamase inhibitor ho boetse ho baka ts'ebetso ea anti-anaerobic, e bohlokoa bakeng sa kalafo ea ts'oaetso e kopaneng, eo hangata e fumanoang, mohlala, ts'ebetsong ea thibelo ea bokhachane le gynecological.
Ha re khutleleng ho li-pharmacokinetics tsa lithethefatsi tseo ho buuoang ka tsona. Ho na le phapang e kholo mabapi le ho amoheloa ha amoxicillin le clavulanic acid ka lebaka la phapang ea thepa ea motheo ea lintho tsena.
Amoxicillin ke setsi se fokolang, 'me clavulanate ke asiti e fokolang. Ka lebaka leo, lithethefatsi tsena li na le li-construse tse fapaneng tsa ho monya, 'me maemo a thehiloe bakeng sa ho monya ho sa lekana ha clavulanate.
Ka hona, ho na le phapang nakong ea ho monya - ho kenyelletsa ho hlaha eseng feela ka li-constants tse fapaneng, empa le ka lebelo le fapaneng.
Ona ke boemo ba bobeli bo hlahisoang ke "clavulanic acid" lags "e nang le ho amoheloa le ho boloka mahlaseli a mangata ka mpeng, e leng se etsang hore ho be le litla-morao tsa phello e mpe ea acid e teng ka mpeng ea mala - 20-25% ea bakuli ba fumanang kalafo e tloaelehileng ea LF ea meriana ena. ho ba etsa hore ba hane ho nka moriana.
Mokhoa oa ho khetholla liphapang tsa ho monya? Ntle le moo, asiti e eketsehileng e kenella ka mpeng, ha e le hantle ebile e le sesisa.
Boitšoaro bo fosahetseng bo amanang le ho monya ho sa lekanyetsoang ha beta-lactamase inhibitor ke lets'ollo, pseudomembranous colitis, ho nyekeloa le pelo le liphetoho tsa maikutlo.
Theknoloji ea Solyutab ka tšebeliso ea sebopeho sa micencapsaps eu lumella ho eketsa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho monya kamehla ha inhibitor, ha mokhoa o sa tsitsang oa lithibela-mafu o eketseha hanyane (5% feela). Ha o sebelisa Flemoklav Solutab, ho lebelletsoe litlamorao tse fokolang.
Joale, mohlala, thuto e ntse e etsoa ho la Russian Federation, liphetho tsa mantlha tsa eona tse bonts'itseng ho se be teng hoa litlamorao tsena tse sa lakatseheng, tse shejoang ka lekhetlo la pele kamanong le amoxicillin / clavulanate, ka nako e ts'oanang ho na le bopaki ba netefatso ea Microbiology ea ts'ebetso ea moriana ona, ntlafatso ea bongaka le ho hlaphoheloa.
Ho boetse ho na le phapang ea boteng ba mefuta e fapaneng ea LF amoxycillini + acidi clavulanici e nang le boima bo fapaneng ba limolek'hule. Graph ena e bontša ka ho hlaka kamoo phumano ea litokisetso tse tloaelehileng tsa meriana e nang le boima ba limolek'hule tse 600-800 g / mol e fapana le Flemoklav Solutab (200-400 g / mol).
Ho ile ha fumaneha hore khafetsa ea letšollo nakong ea tsamaiso ka kotloloho e itšetlehile ka phapang ea ho monya clavulanate. Ha o sebelisa LF amooticillin e tloaelehileng e sebelisitsoeng ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa tlhaho, ho kenyeletsoa le lithethefatsi tsa pele, ho ke ke ha khonahala ho fumana acid e tšoanang le ea ka potlako.
Tabeng ea Flemoklav Solutab, re fumana litholoana tse khothatsang le ho feta: liphapang tsa ho monngoa ha clavulanate letlapeng le nkileng kapa le felisitsoe ka botlalo ha li bohlokoa.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, re ka bona keketseho ea khatello ea "clavulanate" serum ea mali - o sebelisa LF e tloaelehileng, o ka fihlela palo e fetang 2 μg / ml, o sebelisa Flemoklav - hoo e ka bang 3 μg / ml.
Tsoelo-pele ea kajeno lebaleng la litlama, e amang thepa ea meriana le lithibela-mafu, e ka ntlafatsa phello ea kalafo ea meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko ka ho tšoana le ho fokotseha ha palo le ho teba ha karabelo e mpe.
Mofuta o mocha oa LF amoxycillinum / acidum clavulanicum - Flemoklav Solutab - ke tšibollo e ncha e ikhethileng ea theknoloji ea lithethefatsi.
Ho eketseha ho eketsehileng ha acidi clavulanici ho eketsa ts'ireletso le ts'ebetso ea amoxycillini mme ka nako e ts'oanang e fokotsa menyetla ea litla-morao tse amanang le clavulanic acid, haholo-holo lets'ollo ea lithibela-mafu.
LF e ikhethang e fana ka keketseho ea "moroalo oa" pharmacodynamic "ho likokoana-hloko tsa ts'oaetso. Ka nako e ts'oanang, LF "Solyutab" e bonolo haholo ho bakuli ba baholo ba ratang matlapa a ho emisoa le a bana.
Fomu ea tokollo, lipakete le sebopeho Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid - Vial
Phofo bakeng sa ho hlophisoa ha tharollo ea iv | 1 Fl. |
amoxicillin (ka tsela ea letsoai la sodium) | 1 g |
clavulanic acid (ka mofuta oa letsoai la potasiamo) | 200 mg |
libotlolo (1) - lipakete tsa karete.
libotlolo (10) - lipakete tsa karete (12) - mabokose a karete.
libotlolo (10) - lipakete tsa karete ea likarete (50) - mabokose a karete.
libotlolo (10) - lipakete tsa karete (60) - mabokose a karete.
Matšoao Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid - Vial
Boloetse ba tšoaetso e bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tse amang lithethefatsi:
- ts'oaetso ea pampiri e tlase ea ho phefumoloha (ho mpefatsa ha bronchitis e sa foleng, pneumonia ea lobar le bronchopneumonia),
- tšoaetso ea litho tsa ENT (otitis media, sinusitis, li-tonsillitis tse sa feleng),
- ts'oaetso ea pampitšana ea urinary (ho kenyeletsa cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis),
- tšoaetso ea pelvic (ho kenyelletsa salpingitis, salpingoophoritis, endometritis, ho ntša mpa ka septic, pelvioperitonitis, postpsum sepsis),
- tšoaetso ea letlalo le lisele tse bonolo (phlegmon, tšoaetso ea leqeba, erysipelas, impetigo, abscesses),
- tšoaetso ea masapo le manonyeletso (ho kenyeletsa osteomyelitis e sa foleng),
- mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka ho kopanela liphate (gonorrhea, bonolo chancre),
- mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang: septicemia, peritonitis, intraabdominal sepsis, tšoaetso ea postoperative.
Thibelo ea ts'oaetso ea ts'oaetso nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea mali ka mpeng ea mpa, litho tsa kahare, hlooho le molala, pelo, liphio, tšebelisano ea methapo, hammoho le ho kenngoa manonyeletso a maiketsetso.
Khoutu tsa ICD-10Khoutu ea ICD-10 | Pontšo |
A40 | Streptococcal sepsis |
A41 | Li-sepsis tse ling |
A46 | Erysipelas |
A54 | Tšoaetso ea gonococcal |
A57 | Chancroid |
H66 | Mecha ea litaba ea otitis le e sa boleloang ea otitis |
J01 | Sinusitis e hlobaetsang |
J02 | Pharyngitis e hlobaetsang |
J03 | Tšoelesa ea pelo |
J04 | Acute laryngitis le tracheitis |
J15 | Bacteria pneumonia, eseng libakeng tse ling tse khethiloeng |
J20 | Ho hlohlona ha bronchitis |
J31 | Rhinitis e sa foleng, nasopharyngitis le pharyngitis |
J32 | Sinusitis e sa foleng |
J35.0 | Tlhokofatso ea "tonsillitis" e sa foleng |
J37 | Laryngitis e sa foleng le laryngotracheitis |
J42 | Bronchitis e sa foleng, e sa hlalosoang |
K65.0 | Acute peritonitis (ho kenyelletsa le abscess) |
K81.0 | Acute cholecystitis |
K81.1 | Cholecystitis e sa foleng |
K83.0 | Cholangitis |
L01 | Impetigo |
L02 | Letlalo, letlalo le lomang |
L03 | Phlegmon |
L08.0 | Pyoderma |
M00 | Ramatiki ea Pyogenic |
M86 | Osteomyelitis |
N10 | Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (acute pyelonephritis) |
N11 | Ramatiki tubulointerstitial nephritis (pyelonephritis e sa foleng) |
N30 | Cystitis |
N34 | Urethritis le urethral syndrome |
N41 | Mafu a tšoaetsanoang ea senya |
N70 | Salpingitis le oophoritis |
N71 | Lefu la ho ruruha ha popelo, ntle le saese ea ka popelong (ho kenyeletsa endometritis, myometritis, metritis, pyometra, abscess ea uterine) |
N72 | Lefu la ho ruruha ha lets'ollo (ho kenyeletsa cervicitis, endocervicitis, exocervicitis) |
N73.0 | Acute parametritis le pelvic cellulitis |
O08.0 | Tšoaetso ea genital le tšoaetso ea pelvic e bakoang ke ho ima, ectopic le molar |
O85 | Postpartum sepsis |
T79.3 | Tšoaetso ea leqeba le bohloko ka mor'a ho utloisoa bohloko, eseng libakeng tse ling |
Z29.2 | Mofuta o mong oa chemotherapy o thibelang likokoana-hloko (antibiotic prophylaxis) |
Melemo ea litekanyetso
Setlhare se sebelisoa iv.
Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa litekanyetso o ipapisitse le lilemo, boima ba 'mele le liphio tsa mokuli, le botebo ba ts'oaetso.
Mokhoa o fokolang oa phekolo ea lithibela-mafu ke matsatsi a 5. Nako e telele ea kalafo e ka ba matsatsi a 14, ka mor'a moo ts'ebetso ea eona le mamello ea eona li lokela ho hlahlojoa.
Litekanyetso li baloa ho latela se ka har'a amphilicin / clavulanic acid.
Batho ba baholo le bana ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 12 ba na le boima ba 'mele bo fetang tse 40
Tekanyetso e tloaelehileng: 1000 mg / 200 mg makhetlo a mang le a mang a 8.
Tšoaetso e matla: 1000 mg / 200 mg makhetlo a mang le a mang a 4-6.
Thibelo ea ho buoa
Mehato e nkang nako e ka tlase ho hora e le 'ngoe: 1000 mg / 200 mg nakong ea ho kenella ha anesthesia
Mehato e nkang nako e fetang hora e le ngoe: ho fihlela tekanyetso tse 4 tsa 1000 mg / 200 mg bakeng sa lihora tse 24.
Bakuli ba nang le ts'oaetso ea renal e senyehileng
Phetoho ea tekanyetso e thehiloe tekong e kholo e khothalelitsoeng ea amoxicillin.
Tlhahiso ea Creatinine> 30 di ml / min | Ha ho na tokiso ea tekanyetso e hlokahalang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tlhahiso ea Creatinine 10-30 ml / min | Qalong, 1000 mg / 200 mg ebe 500 mg / 100 mg makhetlo a 2 ka letsatsi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bakuli ba Creatinine clearance Hemodialysis Tlhabollo ea dose e ipapisitse le lethal dose e kholo e khothalelitsoeng ea amoxicillin. Pele, lethal dose la 1000 mg / 200 mg, ebe 500 mg / 100 mg ka mor'a lihora tse 24, 'me ho fanoa ka 500 mg / 100 mg qetellong ea seboka sa hemodialysis (ho lefella ho fokotseha hoa maemo a plasma a amoxicillin le clavulanic acid). Thibelo ea ts'oaetso ea ts'oaetso nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea mali ka mpeng ea mpa, litho tsa kahare, hlooho le molala, pelo, liphio, tšebelisano ea methapo, hammoho le ho kenngoa manonyeletso a maiketsetso. Bakuli ba nang le ts'ebetso ea sebete e sa sebetseng Phekolo e etsoa ka tlhokomeliso: ts'ebetso ea sebete e hlahlojoa khafetsa. Bakeng sa bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 12 ba nang le boima ba 'mele bo ka tlase ho 40, tekanyo eo e baloa ho latela boima ba' mele. Nyane ho likhoeli tse 3 le boima ba 'mele bo ka tlase ho 4 kg: 25 mg / 5 mg / kg ka lihora tse 12. Nyane ho likhoeli tse 3 le boima ba 'mele bo fetang lik'hilograma tse 4: 25 mg / 5 mg / kg ka lihora tse 8. Ho bana ba ka tlase ho likhoeli tse 3, moriana o lokela ho tsamaisoa butle butle ka metsotso e 3040. Likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 12 25 mg / 5 mg / kg ka mong lihora tse 6-8, ho latela boholo ba ts'oaetso. Bana ba nang le ts'oaetso ea renal Phetoho ea tekanyetso e thehiloe tekong e kholo e khothalelitsoeng ea amoxicillin.
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