Vipidia 25 mg

Vipidia (matlapa) Tekanyetso: 177

Moetsi: E ntse e hlakisoa
Mefuta ea Tsamaiso:

  • Tab. 12,5 mg, 28 likhomphutha., Theko ho tloha li-ruble tse 973
  • Tab. 25 mg, 28 likhomphutha., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 1282
Litheko tsa Vipidia ka litlhare tsa marang-rang
Litaelo tsa ho sebelisoa

Vipidia ke moemeli oa hypoglycemic matlapeng a nang le alogliptin. E fana ka phokotso ea hemoglobin ea glycosylated le glucose. Ho bontšoa boemong ba mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 ka mofuta oa monotherapy, hammoho le kalafo e kopaneng le baemeli ba bang ba hypoglycemic. Tekanyo e nepahetseng ke 25 mg / ka letsatsi, e nkuoa ho sa tsotelehe lijo. E kenelletse ho lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere, mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere, ho nyekeloa ke pelo haholo, ho nyekoa ke letsoele le sebete. Litla-morao li ka kenyelletsa hlooho ea hlooho, ho opeloa ke mokokotlo ho epigastrium, rash, mafu a tšoaetsanoang a litho tsa ENT. Bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 18 le basali ba baimana ha ba laetsoe ka lebaka la khaello ea tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le kopo.

Analogs ea lithethefatsi Vipidia

Analogue e theko e tlase ho li-ruble tse 863.

Moetsi: Merck Sante SAA.S. (Fora)
Mefuta ea Tsamaiso:

  • Matlapa a 500 mg, li-pcs tse 30., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 110
  • Matlapa a 1000 mg, li-pcs tse 30., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 185
Litheko tsa Glucophage ka litlhare tsa marang-rang
Litaelo tsa ho sebelisoa

Lithethefatsi tsa Mafora bakeng sa kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. E rekisitsoe matlapeng a nang le 500 ho isa ho 1000 mg ea metformin e le eona feela motsoako o sebetsang. Ho na le li-contraindication, ka hona, pele ho nka Glucofage, ho bohlokoa ho buisana le setsebi.

Analogue e theko e tlaase ho tloha li-ruble tse 182.

Moetsi: Novartis (Switzerland)
Mefuta ea Tsamaiso:

  • Letlapa 50 mg, 28 likhomphutha., Theko ho tloha li-ruble tse 791
  • Matlapa a 1000 mg, li-pcs tse 30., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 185
Litheko tsa Galvus mefebong ea marang-rang
Litaelo tsa ho sebelisoa

Galvus ke litokisetso tsa letlapa bakeng sa kalafo ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere le thehiloeng ho vildagliptin ka litekanyetso tsa 50 mg. E ka hlalosoa e le monotherapy hape e le karolo ea kalafo e kopaneng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ho ja le ho ikoetlisa.

Analogue e theko e tlaase ho tloha li-ruble tse 795.

Moetsi: Hemofarm A.D. (Serbia)
Mefuta ea Tsamaiso:

  • Tab. 500 mg, li-pcs tse 60., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 178
  • Matlapa a 1000 mg, li-pcs tse 30., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 185
Litheko tsa Metformin ka litlhare tsa marang-rang
Litaelo tsa ho sebelisoa

Metformin ke lithethefatsi tsa Serbia hypoglycemic bakeng sa tšebeliso ea kahare. Ho hlophisoa ha matlapa ho na le motsoako o sebetsang oa lebitso le tšoanang ho litekanyetso tsa 500 kapa 850 mg. E laetsoe kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 (ho batho ba baholo), haholoholo maemong a botenya.

Analogue e theko e phahameng haholo ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 799.

Moetsi: Bristol Myers squibb (USA)
Mefuta ea Tsamaiso:

  • Matlapa a 5 mg, li-pcs tse 30., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 1772
  • Matlapa a 1000 mg, li-pcs tse 30., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 185
Litheko tsa Onglisa lithemising tsa marang-rang
Litaelo tsa ho sebelisoa

Onglisa ke lithethefatsi tsa Amerika bakeng sa kalafo ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere le thehiloeng ka saxagliptin ka litekanyetso tsa 2,5 kapa 5 mg. E laetsoe ho kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele le lijo ho ntlafatsa taolo ea glycemic.

Analogue e theko e phahameng haholo ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 1236.

Moetsi: Merck Sharp le Dome (USA)
Mefuta ea Tsamaiso:

  • Letlapa 100 mg, 28 likhomphutha., Theko ho tloha li-ruble tse 2209
  • Matlapa a 1000 mg, li-pcs tse 30., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 185
Litheko bakeng sa Januvia ka litlhare tsa marang-rang
Litaelo tsa ho sebelisoa

Januvia ke lithethefatsi tsa Amerika tsa lefu la tsoekere. Motsoako o sebetsang: sitagliptin (ka sebopeho sa phosphate monohydrate) 100 mg. E ka sebelisoa e le tlatsetso mesebetsing ea 'mele le ho ja ho laola tsoekere ea mali.

Analogue e theko e phahameng haholo ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 675.

Moetsi: Beringer Ingelheim (Austria)
Mefuta ea Tsamaiso:

  • Matlapa a 5 mg, li-pcs tse 30., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 1648
  • Matlapa a 1000 mg, li-pcs tse 30., Theko e tsoang ho li-ruble tse 185
Litheko tsa Trazhenta ka litlhare tsa marang-rang
Litaelo tsa ho sebelisoa

Trazhenta - sethethefatsi sa Austria se reretsoeng ho phekola lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, se ka khethoa e le mofuta oa phekolo. Sesebelisoa feela sa motsoako ke linagliptin ka tekanyetso ea 5 mg. Trazenta ha e fuoe mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la 1, nakong ea kemero, ho lactation, le ho bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 18.

Fomu ea tokollo, sebopeho le sephutheloana

Setlhare se entsoe ka mokhoa oa matlapa a oval a tlotsitsoeng ka membrane ea filimi. Tekanyetso:

  • 12,5 mg - matlapa a mmala o mosehla
  • 25 mg - tint e khubelu.

Sehlahisoa se rekisoa ka paketeng ea karete. Ho kenya: lithupa tse 4, tse nang le matlapa a 7, likotoana tse 28 ka kakaretso.

Ntho e sebetsang ea lithethefatsi ke alogliptin. Lintho tse thusang:

  • magnesium stearate,
  • sodium hammart
  • phospholle cellulose,
  • Hyprolose

Mokhabiso oa filimi ea letlapa e na le:

  • hypromellose,
  • Dae ea oxide ea iron
  • titanium dioxide
  • macrogol
  • Grink ink:

Diketso tsa pharmacological

Alogliptin ke inhibitor e khethang haholo ea dipeptidyl peptidase-4. DPP-4 ke enzyme ea mantlha e bakang ho phatloha ho potlakileng ha li-hormone tsa lelapa la incretin. Ka ho khetheha, ke insulinotropic polypeptide (HIP) e tsoekere ea glucose le glucagon-peptide-1 (GLP-1). Lihormone tsena li hlahisoa mala, 'me boemo ba bona bo fapana ho latela lijo tse jeoang. Litlamorao tsa HIP le GLP-1 li etselitsoe ho kenya ts'ebetso ea insulin ka kotloloho manyeme.

Geptcagon e kang peptide e thusa ho fokotsa bongata ba tsoekere le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea tsoekere maling. Ka liphetoho leha e le life maemong a li-insretin tlas'a tšusumetso ea alogliptin, tlhahiso ea insulin e eketseha mme tsoekere e fokotseha ka tsoekere e ntseng e eketseha. Ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, liphetoho tse joalo li lebisa ho tloaelehileng la glycosylated hemoglobin le likarolo tse ling tsa mali pele le ka mor'a lijo.

Mofumahali

Moriana ona o ama motho ea phetseng hantle le mokuli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere. Alogliptin e kenella 'meleng ka hoo e ka bang 100%, ho sa tsotelehe lijo tse jeoang. Ka pilisi e le 'ngoe, ntho e sebetsang e kenella ka potlako maling, moo ka mor'a lihora tse 1 ho isa ho tse peli konokono e phahameng ea lithethefatsi e fihlellehang.

Alogliptin e rata ho ajoa hantle liseleng. Kamano le liprotheine tsa plasma e batla e le 20-30%. Ka tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea lithethefatsi, ho bokelloa ha ntho e sebetsang 'meleng' ho latela data ea kliniki, ha ho nkoe ho batho ba phetseng hantle kapa ba kulang. Kamor'a lihora tse 21 kamora ho sebelisa moriana, 70% ea ntho ena e supe ke liphio ka sebopeho se sa fetoloang, 13% ke mala.

Vipidia e fuoe lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. Sesebelisoa se thusa bakuli haholo, leha se sa latele lijo le ho se ikoetlise ka tsela e hlokahalang. Setlhare se ka sebelisoa e le monotherapy. U ka e noella hammoho le meriana e meng e thusang ho fokotsa tsoekere e maling.

Contraindication

Joalo ka moriana o mong le o mong, Vipidia e na le meeli. Li bale ka hloko.

Lithethefatsi ha lia lokela ho tahoa le:

  • hypersensitivity ea 'mele ho ntho efe kapa efe eo e leng karolo ea lithethefatsi,
  • mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere
  • lefu la tsoekere ketoacidosis,
  • pelo e sa foleng
  • senya e matla ea sebete,
  • ho ima le ho nyekeloa,
  • bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 18.

Ka tlhokomeliso ha:

  • pancreatitis
  • tekanyo e leka-lekaneng ea ho iphekola ha methapo,

Litaelo tsa tšebeliso (litekanyetso)

Vipidia e lokela ho nooa ka molomo, pele le ka mor'a lijo. Ho khothalletsoa ho se sebelise tse fetang 25 mg ka letsatsi. Ka linako tse ling e laetsoe hammoho le lithethefatsi tse ling, tse kang:

Ka tsamaiso e kopaneng ea Vipidia e nang le metformin kapa thiazolidinedione, lethal dose le lula le sa fetoha. Ho kenyelletsa kotsi ea hypoglycemia, ha moriana o laetsoe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le insulin, ho hlokahala ho fokotsa litekanyetso tsa litheko. Haeba ka lebaka le itseng u lebala ho noa moriana, o hloka ho o lokisa kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang. Empa ka nako e le 'ngoe tekanyetso e habeli ha ea lokela ho nkoa.

Tekanyo ea tsoekere maling e ka ho toba e ipapisitse le se ka hare ho alogliptin 'meleng. Ka hona, meriana ea skipping ha e khothalletsoe.

Litlamorao

Ho na le linako tseo matšoao a sa thabiseng a bang teng ka lebaka la moriana oa Vipidia. Mokuli a ka tletleba ka:

  • hlooho e bohloko
  • tšoaetso ea phefumoloho
  • nasopharyngitis
  • bohloko bo ka mpeng
  • ho hlohlona le letlalo le lecha,
  • nts'etsopele ea manyeme,
  • sebopeho sa ho hloleha ha rems.

Haeba matšoao a joalo a tšosang a bonoa, u lokela ho tsebisa ngaka ea hau. Ke eena feela ea ka etsang qeto ea ho tsoela pele kalafo ka moriana kapa che. Pontšo e matla ea matšoao a kaholimo a hloka ho tlosoa ha moriana hanghang.

Bongata

Ho ba teng ka tšohanyetso ha ho behe batho kotsing. Thuso ea ngaka e hlokahala feela maemong a ha ho e-na le mamello ho Vipidia kapa ha u sebelisa meriana ke batho ba nang le mafu a leng lenaneng la li-contraindication. Thuso ea pele bakeng sa overdose - lavage ea mpa.

Litaelo tse khethehileng

Ts'ebeliso e kopaneng ea Vipidia e nang le insulin le lithethefatsi tse ling tse tsoekere e tlase ea mali li hloka phetoho ea litekanyetso ho thibela kholo ea hypoglycemia. Ho latela liphuputso tsa bongaka, tšebelisano ea alogliptin le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bongaka ha e bonts'e liphetoho tse boletsoeng.

Alogliptin e ama 'mele haholo, kahoo nakong ea kalafo u lokela ho hana ho noa joala.

Setlhare "Vipidia" ha se bake ho otsela, ka hona ho khanna le mesebetsi e meng e hlokang tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ea tlhokomelo ha e thibetsoe.

Bohlokoa: lithuto li bontšitse hore moriana ona ha o ame sebete haholo, o senya mesebetsi ea ona. Ho fihla ntlheng ea hore pancreatitis e hlobaetsang e ka hlaha. Ka hona, pele u sebelisa moriana, ho bohlokoa ho etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng le ho bapisa melemo le likotsi tsohle.

Ka lebaka la tlhaiso ea tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le maemo a mabe nakong ea kemolo le ho nyeka, ho molemo hore u se ke oa noa Vipidia.

Bana le botsofe

Ho fana ka moriana ho bana le bacha ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 18 hoa qhekelloa, ka lebaka la khaello ea tlhaiso-leseling ea bongaka lilemong tsena.

Bakuli ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 60 ba ka noa "Vipidiya". Litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng ha li hloke ho fetoloa. Leha ho le joalo, re lokela ho hopola hore monyetla oa ho fokotseha ts'ebetsong ea liphio le sebete ho ipapisitse le palo e thehiloeng ea alogliptin.

Lipehelo le maemo a polokelo

Boloka lithethefatsi sebakeng se lefifi, se pholileng hole le bana. Nako ea ts'ebeliso ke lilemo tse tharo ho tloha ka letsatsi la tlhahiso. Letsatsi la tlhahiso le khomaretse liphutheloana. Setlhare se feliloeng se haneloa.

Theko ea Vipidia libakeng tsa meriana e fapana ho latela tekanyetso ea meriana le sebaka sa bolulo. Ka karolelano, ke li-ruble tse 845 - 1390.

Setlhare ha se rekisoe, se ka rekoa feela ka taelo ea ngaka.

Ho bapisoa le li-analogues

Haeba ka lebaka le itseng meriana e sa lumellane le mokuli, ngaka e batla moriana o ka nkeloang sebaka.

Lethathamo la lingoloa tsa meriana "Vipidia":

LebitsoMelemo

Galvus MetMokhoa o sebetsang oa ho fokotsa maemo a tsoekere. E boetse e thusa ho tlosa liponto tse eketsehileng ntle le lijo tse qobelloang.Lenane le leholo la litlamorao tse ka bang teng. Litsenyehelo tse phahameng tsa lithethefatsi.Ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 780.
AlogliptinE thusa ho ntlafatsa maemo a tsoekere. Ha e bake metabolism e eketsehileng. Ha e ipokelle, e hloekisoa ka botlalo 'meleng.E ka se sebelisoe bakeng sa methapo ea methapo, sebete, manyeme. Setlhare ha se theko e tlaase.Ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 845.
JanuviaE khothalletsa ho theola boima ba 'mele, e fokotsa takatso ea lijo, e fetole methapo ea mali.Litsenyehelo.

E na le likhokahano tse ngata tsa tšebeliso, ka hona ho bohlokoa hore ngaka e lae litlhare.

Ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 1350

Likarabo tse ngata tse tsoang ho li-diabetes tse nang le boiphihlelo tse nkang Vipidia li ntle. Matlapa ana a fokotsa glucose ea mali hantle, a mamelloa hantle, empa a lokela ho sebelisoa feela joalokaha a laetsoe ke ngaka. Batho ha ba rate taba ea hore lithethefatsi li theko e boima. Litlhahlobo ke tsa 'nete:

Ke fumanoe ke lefu la tsoekere lilemo tse 5 tse fetileng. O ne a ngolisitsoe ho endocrinologist, a noa lithethefatsi tse ngata. Empa libekeng tse 'maloa tse fetileng, tsoekere e qalile ho nyolohela ho li-unit tsa 18. Ngaka e ile ea mpeela Viidia. Ke nka letlapa le le leng feela ka letsatsi, tsoekere e tloaelehile. Ke thabile haholo. Ke iponetse kahare ho sethethe sena monyetla o le mong feela.

Vipidia e nkela insulin hantle haholo. Mme ha o bapisoa le eona, sesebelisoa se hloka ho nkuoa hang ka letsatsi. Ha ho hlokahale ho boloka lijo. Ke na le lefu la tsoekere, matlapa a etsa hore boemo ba tsoekere maling bo fetohe, kahoo ke ne ke se ke hana insulin nako e telele. 'Nete e ferekanya theko, setlhare ha se theko e tlase, ha se motho e mong le e mong ea ka se khonang. Empa, ehlile, ho na le pluses. Ke e khothaletsa e mong le e mong.

Ke na le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. O ile a alafshoa, a sebelisa lithethefatsi letsatsi le leng le le leng, empa tsoekere e ile ea fokotseha, ea boela ea eketseha ho isa ho likarolo tse 12. Ho bile le maemo a karabelo ea hypoglycemic, ho theoha ho matla ha tsoekere. Ngaka e ile ea mpeela Viidia. Ke khahliloe ke sethethefatsi sena. Ke noella Letlapa le le leng feela hoseng 'me tsohle li tloaelehile. Le ha e theko e phahameng, empa ha ke shebelle maemo a feto-fetohang maemong a mali ebile ke khutsitse letsatsi lohle. Ke e khothaletsa e mong le e mong.

Ngaka e ile ea mpha lengolo la lengolo la ho reka moriana oa "Vipidia". Ke bile le lefu la tsoekere lilemo tse 'maloa. Ke ratile sethethefatsi, se theola matšoao a tsoekere hantle. Ke nooa hang ka letsatsi. Ha e na li-contraindication ha e sebelisana le meriana e meng, e khahlisang haholo. Ha e ame psyche ebile ha e bake ho otsela. Ho khanna koloi le eena ha ho thibetsoe. Ke khotsofetse ka tsohle, pheko e sebetsang e sa kang ea baka litla-morao ho nna.

Lokolla liforomo le sebopeho

Moriana o etsoa ka foromo ea letlhare e nang le 25 mg ea ntho e sebetsang - alogliptin benzoate. Bokaholimo ba matlapa a tlatsetsoa ke lisebelisoa tse thusang:

  • phospholle cellulose,
  • magnesium stearate,
  • mannitol
  • sodium hammart
  • hyprolose.

Bokantle ba matlapa ke membrane ea filimi e nang le hypromellose, titanium dioxide, macrogol 8000, dae e mosehla e thehiloeng holim'a oxide ea iron. Matlapa a 25 mg a bofubelu bo bobebe.

Ketso ea pharmacological

Setlhare ke sa sehlopha sa baemeli ba hypoglycemic ka lebaka la khatello e khothalletsoang ea ts'ebetso ea dipeptidyl peptidase-4. DPP-4 ke enzyme ea bohlokoa e kenyelletsang ho phatloheng ho potlakileng ha li-compretin tsa li-insretin - enteroglucagon le peptide ea insulinotropic, e itšetlehileng ka boemo ba glucose (HIP).

Lihormone tse tsoang sehlopheng sa li-insretin li hlahisoa ka mpeng ea mala. Karolelano ea metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale e eketseha ka takatso ea lijo. Geptc-like peptide le GUI e eketsa tlhahiso ea "insulin" lihlekehlekeng tsa "Langerhans" tsa pancreatic. Enteroglucagon ka nako e ts'oanang e thibela tsoekere ea glucagon mme e thibela gluconeogenesis ho hepatocytes, e eketsang mahlaseli a plasma ea li-insretin. Alogliptin e eketsa secretion ea insulin, ho latela tsoekere ea mali.

Matšoao a ho sebelisoa

Moriana o fuoa bakuli bakeng sa kalafo ea mellitus e sa ts'epheng ea insulin le ho tloaela ho fetoloa hoa taolo ea glycemic khahlano le nalane ea ts'ebetso e tlase ea kalafo ea ho ja le ho ikoetlisa. Bakeng sa bakuli ba baholo, moriana o ka khethoa ka bobeli e le monotherapy, hape e le karolo ea kalafo e rarahaneng e nang le insulin kapa lithethefatsi tse ling tsa hypoglycemic.

U ka nka Vipidia 25 joang?

Matlapa a etselitsoe ho sebelisoa ka molomo. Ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi ka tekanyetso ea 25 mg hang ka letsatsi, ho sa tsotelehe lijo tse ngata. Litho tsa moriana li ke ke tsa hlafuna, hobane tšenyo ea mochini e fokotsa sekhahla sa ho amoheloa ha alogliptin ka mala a manyane. Se ke oa nka tekanyetso e habeli.Mokuli ea lahlehetseng pilisi ka lebaka lefe kapa lefe o lokela ho e nka kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Phekolo ea lefu la tsoekere

Litsebi tsa phepo e khothaletsa ho nka matlapa a Vipidia ka mor'a lijo ha maemo a tsoekere a mali a nyoloha. Ha ho fana ka moriana e le sesebelisoa sa tlatsetso bakeng sa kalafo le Metmorphine kapa Thiazolidatedione, ha ho na tlhoko ea ho lokisa mofuta oa mofuta oa ena.

Ka tsamaiso e tšoanang ea litokollo tsa sulfonylurea, tekanyo ea bona e ea fokotsoa ho thibela nts'etsopele ea boemo ba hypoglycemic. Ka lebaka la kotsi e ka hlahang ea hypoglycemia, hoa hlokahala ho laola boemo ba tsoekere nakong ea phekolo le Metformin, hormone ea pancreatic le Thiazolidinedione hammoho le Vipidia.

Ka lebaka la kotsi e ka hlahang ea hypoglycemia, ho hlokahala ho laola boemo ba tsoekere nakong ea kalafo ea Metformin.

Mathata a Ts'ireletso ea Ts'oaetso ea Mpa

Khahlano le semelo sa bofokoli bo fokolang ba 'mele, lesion e sa foleng ea tsamaiso e phahameng ea phefumoloho le nts'etsopele ea nasopharyngitis lia khonahala.

Karolong ea letlalo

Ka lebaka la hypersensitivity ea mesifa, makhopho a letlalo kapa ho hlohlona ho ka hlaha. Ka theoret, ponahalo ea lefu la Stevens-Johnson, urticaria, mafu a tsoang letlalo.

Ho bakuli ba rerileng ho hlaha phello ea anaphylactoid, urticaria, edema ea Quincke ea bonoa. Maemong a matla, ho tsitsinyeha hoa anaphylactic hoa hlaha.

Sebelisa nakong ea bokhachane le pelehi

Lithuto tsa kliniki mabapi le litlamorao tsa moriana 'meleng oa basali nakong ea kemolo ha li e-so tšoaroe. Nakong ea liteko tsa liphoofolo, ha ho na phello e mpe ea lithethefatsi ho litho tsa ts'ebetso ea kemolo ea 'm'a, embryotoxicity, kapa teratogenicity ea Vipidia. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka mabaka a polokeho, moriana ona ha o laetsoe basali nakong ea kemolo (ka lebaka la kotsi e ka bang teng ea tlolo ea ho roaloa ha litho le lits'ebetso tsa nts'etsopele ea embryonic).

Alogliptin e khona ho pepesoa ka litšoelesa tsa mammary, ka hona, nakong ea phekolo ea lithethefatsi, ho khothalletsoa ho tlohela lactation.

Kopo ea ts'ebetso ea renal e senyehileng

Ha ho na le phofshoana e bonolo ea renal nakong ea tumello ea creatinine (Cl) ho tloha ho 50 ho isa ho 70 ml / min, ha ho liphetoho tse ling tse etsoang mohlaleng oa dosing. Ka Cl ho tloha ho 29 ho isa ho 49 ml / min, ho hlokahala ho fokotsa tloaelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi ho isa ho 12,5 mg bakeng sa tekanyetso e le 'ngoe.

Ha ho na le phofshoana e bonolo ea renal nakong ea tumello ea creatinine (Cl) ho tloha ho 50 ho isa ho 70 ml / min, ha ho liphetoho tse ling tse etsoang mohlaleng oa dosing.

Ka ho se sebetse hantle haholo ha renal (Cl e fihla tlase ho 29 ml / min), lithethefatsi li thibetsoe.

Ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi tse ling

Setlhare sena se ne se sena ts'ebelisano ea meriana le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea Vipidia ka meriana e meng. Lithethefatsi ha lia ka tsa thibela tšebetso ea cytochrome isoenzymes P450, monoo oxygenase 2C9. Ha e sebelisane le likarolo tse nyane tsa p-glycoprotein. Alogliptin nakong ea lithuto tsa meriana ha e ea ka ea ama liphetoho maemong a caffeine, Warfarin, Dextromethorphan, lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo ka plasma.

Setlhare ha se ame liphetoho maemong a Dextromethorphan 'meleng.

Tekanyo ea joala

Nakong ea kalafo ka moriana, ho thibetsoe ho noa joala. Ethanol e fumanehang lino tse tahang e ka baka mafura a mangata a sebete ka lebaka la litlamorao ho hepatocytes. Ha o nka Vipidia, phello e chefo khahlanong le tsamaiso ea hepatobiliary ea matlafatsoa. Tai ea ethyl e baka tšenyo ea methapo ea methapo, e sitisa ho potoloha ha mali 'me e na le phello ea matla a ho hlohlona. Ka lebaka la phello ea joala 'meleng, kalafo ea lithethefatsi e ea fokotseha.

Likarolo tsa lithethefatsi tse nang le thepa ea bongaka e tšoanang le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa ntho e sebetsang li kenyeletsa:

Moriana o kopaneng o khethoa ke ngaka e eang ho latela matšoao a phallo ea tsoekere ea mali le boemo bo tloaelehileng ba mokuli. Phetoho e etsoa feela ha ho se na phello ea kalafo kapa khahlano le semelo se phatlalalitsoeng se fapaneng.

Matšoao le contraindication bakeng sa ts'ebeliso

Vipidia ke moriana oa molomo oa hypoglycemic. Sesebelisoa sena se sebelisoa kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. Lithethefatsi tsena tsa lefu la tsoekere li thusa ho ntlafatsa taolo ea glycemia maling a motho ea kulang. Ho sebelisoa moriana ha tšebeliso ea kalafo ea ho ja le ho ikoetlisa ka tsela e leka-lekaneng e sa fane ka sephetho se lakatsehang.

Setlhare se ka sebelisoa e le sona feela karolo nakong ea monotherapy. Ntle le moo, Vipidia e ka sebelisoa hammoho le lithethefatsi tse ling tsa hypoglycemic kalafong ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere ka mokhoa oa pheko e rarahaneng.

Setlhare se ka sebelisoa kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere hammoho le insulin.

Joalo ka moriana o mong le o mong, Vipidia e na le li-contraindication tse 'maloa tse lekang ts'ebeliso ea moriana. Li-contraindication tse ka sehloohong ke tse latelang:

  • boteng ba lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 ho mokuli, hypersensitivity to alogliptin le likarolo tse thusang tsa lithethefatsi,
  • mokuli o na le lefu la tsoekere ka mofuta o itšetlehileng ka insulin,
  • ho tšoaea matšoao a ketoacidosis e hlahang 'meleng oa mokuli khahlano le lefu la tsoekere,
  • Boitsebiso ba ho hloleha ha pelo ka thata,
  • mathata a teng ka har'a sebete, a tsamaeang le ho ba le ho haella ha tšebetso,
  • nts'etsopele ea methapo e matla ea liphio, e tsamaeang le ho ba teng ha ts'ebetso ea ho se sebetse hantle,
  • nako ea ho ba le ngoana,
  • nako ea kemolo
  • lilemo tsa mokuli li ho fihlela lilemo tse 18.

Ho lokela ho nkuoa tlhokomeliso ha mokuli a e-na le pancreatitis le ho sitisoa ho itseng ha ts'ebetso ea liphio le sebete.

Ntle le moo, tlhokomeliso e lokela ho ba teng ha u sebelisa lithethefatsi e le karolo ea kalafo e rarahaneng ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.

Litaelo tsa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi

Setlhare se nooa ka molomo. Hangata, kalafo e khothalletsoang hore e sebelisoe ke 25 mg.

Tekanyetso e nepahetseng haholoanyane ea tšebeliso ea moriana e khethoa ke ngaka e nahanang ka liphetho tse fumanoeng nakong ea tlhahlobo ea mmele oa mokuli le litšobotsi tsa hae.

Moriana o nooa hang ka letsatsi, moriana o nooa ho sa tsotelehe kemiso ea lijo. Ho nwa moriana o tsamaea le ho nwa metsi a mangata.

Ts'ebeliso ea meriana e ka etsahala maemong a latelang:

  1. E le moriana oa monotherapy oa mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere.
  2. Phethahatsong ea kalafo e rarahaneng ea lefu lena, e le karolo ea kalafo e joalo. Ka kopanelo le vipidia, metformin, sulfonylurea derivatives kapa insulin e ka nkoa.

Tabeng ea Vipidia hammoho le Metformin, ha ho hlokahale hore ho etsoe liphetoho tse itseng tekanyong ea moriana. Phetoho ea moriana e hlokahala ha o sebelisa moriana ona hammoho le lithethefatsi tse tsoang ho sulfonylurea kapa insulin.

Tekanyetso ea fetoloa ho thibela ho qala ha matšoao a boemo ba hypoglycemic ho mokuli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere.

Tlhokomeliso e lokela ho matlafatsoa ha u sebelisa Vipidia hammoho le Metformin Teva le thiazolidatedione kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere.

Ha matšoao a pele a ts'oaetso ea hypoglycemia a hlaha, litekanyetso tsa Metformin le thiazolidinedione li lokela ho fokotsoa.

Ha u nka Vipidia, litlamorao tse latelang li ka hlaha:

  • ho tloha tsamaisong ea methapo, ho ba teng ha hlooho khafetsa,
  • ho tsoa ka mpeng ea ka mpeng, ponahalo ea bohloko ka mpeng, e lahlela se ka mpeng ka mpeng, nts'etsopele ea matšoao a pancreatitis e bohloko,
  • ho tsoa ho ts'ebetso ea hepatobiliary, ho ba teng ha litlolo ka har'a sebete,
  • ho kula ho ka hlaha ka mokhoa oa ho hlohlona, ​​rashes, edema ea Quincke,
  • ho ruruha ha mucosa ea ka mpeng le pharynx hoa khoneha,

Ntle le moo, litla-morao tse ka bakoang ke tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung li ka hlaha, li bonahala e le anaphylaxis.

Tlhahlobo ho Vipidia 25

Liforomong tsa inthanete ho na le litlhaloso tse ntle tse tsoang ho litsebi tsa meriana le likhothaletso mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi.

Anastasia Sivorova, setsebi sa endocrinologist, Astrakhan.

Sesebelisoa se sebetsang ho loants'a lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. E mamelletse hantle ke bakuli. Tloaelong ea bongaka, ha ea ka ea kopana le hypoglycemia. Matlapa a lokela ho nkuoa nako e le 'ngoe ka letsatsi ntle le tlhahlobo e lekanyelitsoeng ea litekanyetso. Moemeli oa hypoglycemic ho tsoa molokong o mocha, ka hona, ha a kenye letsoho keketseho ea boima ba 'mele. Ts'ebetso e sebetsang ea lisele tsa pancreatic beta lia bolokoa.

Alexey Barredo, setsebi sa endocrinologist, Arkhangelsk.

Ke ratile seo ka tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea lithethefatsi, lipontšo tse mpe li sa hlahiseng. Phello ea kalafo e na le phello e bonolo ea hypoglycemic, empa ha e pepesehe hanghang. Ho loketse ho nka nako e le 1 ka letsatsi. Boleng bo botle ba chelete. Ha e bake karohano ho bakuli.

Analogue ea lithethefatsi ke Januvia.

Gabriel Krasilnikov, ea lilemo li 34, Ryazan.

Ke nka Vipidia ka tekanyetso ea 25 mg ea lilemo tse peli hammoho le 500 mg ea Metformin hoseng kamora ho ja. Qalong, o ne a sebelisa Insulin ho latela likarolo tsa 10 + 10 + 8. Ha ea ka ea thusa ho fokotsa tsoekere ka botlalo. Ketso ea matlapa a malelele. Ke feela ka mor'a likhoeli tse 3, tsoekere e qalile ho theoha, empa kamora likhoeli tse tšeletseng, tsoekere e tsoang ho 12 e ile ea theohela ho 4.5-5,5. E tsoela pele ho lula kahare ho 5.5. Ke ratile hore boima bo fokotsehile: ho tloha ho 114 ho isa ho 98 lik'hilograma ka keketseho ea lisenthimithara tse 180. Empa o lokela ho latela litlhahiso tsohle ho tsoa litaelo.

Li-analog mabapi le sebopeho le pontšo ea ts'ebeliso

SehloohoTheko ho la RussiaTheko Ukraine
Nesina alogliptin----

Lethathamo le ka holimo la li-analogues tsa lithethefatsi, tse bonts'ang Metsoako ea Vipidia, e loketse haholo hobane e na le sebopeho se tšoanang sa lintho tse sebetsang ebile e lumellana ho latela sesupo sa tšebeliso

Li-analoggs ka pontšo le mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso

SehloohoTheko ho la RussiaTheko Ukraine
Januvia sitagliptin1369 rub277 UAH
Galvus vildagliptin245 rub895 UAH
Onglisa saxagliptin1472 rub48 UAH
Trazhenta linagliptin89 rub1434 UAH

Moetso o fapaneng o kanna oa lumellana ho bonts'a mokhoa le mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso

SehloohoTheko ho la RussiaTheko Ukraine
Rosiglitazone e sebetsang, metformin hydrochloride----
Bagomet Metformin--30 UAH
Glucofage metformin12 rub15 UAH
Glucophage xr metformin--50 UAH
Reduxin Met Metformin, Sibutramine20 rub--
Dianormet --19 UAH
Diaformin metformin--5 UAH
Metformin metformin13 rub12 UAH
Metformin sandoz metformin--13 UAH
Siofor 208 rub27 UAH
Foromo metformin hydrochloride----
Emnorm EP Metformin----
Megifort Metformin--15 UAH
Metamine Metformin--20 UAH
Metamine SR Metformin--20 UAH
Metfogamma metformin256 rub17 UAH
Tefor metformin----
Glycometer ----
Glycomet SR ----
Forthine 37 rub--
Metformin Canon metformin, ovidone K 90, starch ea poone, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, talc26 rub--
Insuffor metformin hydrochloride--25 UAH
Metformin-teva metformin43 rub22 UAH
Diaformin SR metformin--18 UAH
Mepharmil Metformin--13 UAH
Metformin Farmland Metformin----
Glibenclamide Glibenclamide30 rub7 UAH
Maninyl Glibenclamide54 rub37 UAH
Glibenclamide-Health Glibenclamide--12 UAH
Glyurenorm glycidone94 rub43 UAH
Bisogamma Glyclazide91 rub182 UAH
Glidiab Glyclazide100 rub170 UAH
Diabeteson MR --92 UAH
Diagnizide mr Gliclazide--15 UAH
Glidia MV Gliclazide----
Glykinorm Gliclazide----
Gliclazide Gliclazide231 rub44 UAH
Glyclazide 30 MV-Indar Glyclazide----
Glyclazide-Health Gliclazide--36 UAH
Glioral Glyclazide----
Lekola Gliclazide--14 UAH
Diazide MV Gliclazide--46 UAH
Osliklid Gliclazide--68 UAH
Diadeon gliclazide----
Glyclazide MV Gliclazide4 rub--
Amaril 27 rub4 UAH
Glemaz glimepiride----
Glian glimepiride--77 UAH
Glimepiride Glyride--149 UAH
Glimepiride diapiride--23 UAH
Aletare --12 UAH
Glimax glimepiride--35 UAH
Glimepiride-Lugal glimepiride--69 UAH
Clay glimepiride--66 UAH
Diabrex glimepiride--142 UAH
Meglimide glimepiride----
Melpamide Glimepiride--84 UAH
Perinel glimepiride----
Glempid ----
Ke thabo ----
Glimepiride glimepiride27 rub42 UAH
Glimepiride-teva glimepiride--57 UAH
Glimepiride Canon glimepiride50 rub--
Glimepiride Pharmacyard glimepiride----
Dimaril glimepiride--21 UAH
Glamepiride diamerid2 rub--
Amaryl M Limepiride Micronized, Metformin Hydrochloride856 rub40 UAH
Glibomet glibenclamide, metformin257 rub101 UAH
Glucovans glibenclamide, metformin34 rub8 UAH
Dianorm-m Glyclazide, Metformin--115 UAH
Dibizid-m glipizide, metformin--30 UAH
Douglimax glimepiride, metformin--44 UAH
Duotrol glibenclamide, metformin----
Gluconorm 45 rub--
Glibofor metformin hydrochloride, glibenclamide--16 UAH
Avandamet ----
Avandaglim ----
Janumet metformin, sitagliptin9 rub1 UAH
Velmetia metformin, sitagliptin6026 rub--
Galvus Met vildagliptin, metformin259 rub1195 UAH
Tripride glimepiride, metformin, pioglitazone--83 UAH
Comboglize XR metformin, saxagliptin--424 UAH
Comboglyz Prolong metformin, saxagliptin130 rub--
Gentadueto linagliptin, metformin----
Vipdomet metformin, alogliptin55 rub1750 UAH
Sinjardi empagliflozin, metformin hydrochloride240 rub--
Voglibose Oxide--21 UAH
Glutazone pioglitazone--66 UAH
Dropia Sanovel pioglitazone----
Lixumia lixisenatide--2498 UAH
Gum ea guar9950 rub24 UAH
Insvada repaglinide----
Novonorm Repaglinide30 rub90 UAH
Repodiab Repaglinide----
Baeta Exenatide150 rub4600 UAH
Baeta Long Exenatide10248 rub--
Viktoza liraglutide8823 rub2900 UAH
Saxenda liraglutide1374 rub13773 UAH
Forksiga Dapagliflozin--18 UAH
Forsiga Dapagliflozin12 rub3200 UAH
Invocana canagliflozin13 rub3200 UAH
Jardins Empagliflozin222 rub566 UAH
Trulicity Dulaglutide115 rub--

U ka fumana analogue e theko e tlaase ea moriana o theko e phahameng?

Ho fumana analogue e theko e phahameng ea moriana, mofuta o tšoanang kapa oa mantsoe, pele ho tsohle re khothaletsa ho ela hloko sebopeho, e leng lintho le lipontšo tse tšoanang tse sebetsang. Metsoako e tšoanang ea lithethefatsi e tla bonts'a hore lithethefatsi li tsamaisana le lithethefatsi, li ka lekana meriana kapa li ka etsa meriana. Leha ho le joalo, u se ke oa lebala ka likarolo tse sa sebetseng tsa lithethefatsi tse tšoanang, tse ka amang polokeho le ts'ebetso. Se ke la lebala ka litaelo tsa lingaka, ho itlama ho ka lematsa bophelo ba hau, ka hona, etela ngaka ea hau kamehla pele u sebelisa meriana leha e le efe.

Tlhahiso ea Vipidia

TLOTLISO
mabapi le tšebeliso ea chelete
Vipidia

Foromo ea litekanyetso
Letlapa le koahetsoeng ka filimi ea 12,5 mg le 25 mg

Sebopeho
Letlapa le leng le na le
ntho e sebetsang: alogliptin benzoate 17 mg (e lekanang le 12,5 mg ea alogliptin) le 34 mg (e lekanang le 25 mg ea alogliptin)
Baeti:
Core: mannitol, cellcose ea microcrystalline, hydroxypropyl cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate,
Sebopeho sa membrane ea filimi: hypromellose 2910, titanium dioxide (E 171), iron oxide yellow (E 172), iron oxide e khubelu (E 172), polyethylene glycol 8000, enke e putsoa ea F1

Tlhaloso
Matlapa a Oval biconvex, a kopantsoeng le filimi e tšehla ea "yellow", e ngotsoeng "TAK" le "ALG-12.5" lehlakoreng le leng la letlapa (bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa 12,5 mg),
Matlapa a Oval biconvex a kopantsoeng le membrane ea filimi ea 'mala o bofubelu bo bobebe, a nang le mantsoe "TAK" le "ALG-25" lehlakoreng le leng la letlapa (bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa 25 mg).

Sehlopha sa Pharmacotherapeutic
Mokhoa oa ho phekola lefu la tsoekere. Lithethefatsi tse theolelang tsoekere bakeng sa tsamaiso ea molomo. Li-inhibitors tsa dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Alogliptin

Khoutu ea ATX
A10BH04

Melemo ea pharmacological
Mofumahali
Pharmacokinetics ea alogliptin ho ithutoe ka lithuto tse amang baithaopi ba phetseng hantle le bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.Ho baithaopi ba phetseng hantle, kamora ts'ebetso e le 'ngoe ea molomo e fihlang ho 800 mg ea alogliptin, ho ts'oaroa ha moriana ka tšohanyetso ho bonoa ka khatello e kholo ea plasma nako e le ngoe ho isa ho tse peli ho tloha nakong ea tsamaiso. Kamora ho nka tekanyetso e phahameng e khothalletsoang ea kalafo (25 mg), halofo ea ho qetela ea bophelo (T1 / 2) karolelano ea lihora tse 21.
Kamora ho tsamaisoa khafetsa ho isa ho 400 mg bakeng sa matsatsi a 14 ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la 2, ho bokelloa hanyane ha alogliptin ho ile ha bonoa ka keketseho ea sebaka se tlasa khatello ea pharmacokinetic curve (AUC) le mahloriso a phahameng a plasma (Cmax) ka 34% le 9%, ka ho latellana. Ka litekanyetso tse peli tsa alogliptin e le 'ngoe le e mengata, ho eketseha ha AUC le Cmax ka tekanyo ea keketseho ea tekanyetso ho tloha 25 mg ho isa ho 400 mg. Coeffanele ea phapang ea AUC ea alogliptin har'a bakuli e nyane (17%).
Suction
Bioavailability e felletseng ea alogliptin e batla e le 100%. Ho tloha ha ho nka alogliptin ka lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata, ha ho na phello ho AUC le Cmax, sethethefatsi se ka nooa ho sa tsotelehe lijo.
Tsamaiso
Kamora ts'ebetso e le 'ngoe e kenang ea alogliptin ka tekanyetso ea 12,5 mg ho baithaopi ba phetseng hantle, palo ea phepelo setsing sa terminal e ne e le 417 L, e bonts'ang hore alogliptin e tsamaisoa hantle liseleng.
Puisano le liprotheine tsa plasma ke 20%.
Metabolism
Alogliptin ha e fuoe metabolism e ngata, ka lebaka leo ho tloha ho 60% ho isa ho 71% ea lethal dose le laoloang le hlahisoang le sa fetoloe ka har'a moroto. Kamora taolo ea molomo ea alogliptin ea 14C, li-metabolite tse peli tse nyane li ile tsa beoa: N-demethylated alogliptin M-I (˂1% ea lintho tse qalang) le N-acetylated alogliptin M-II (˂6% ea lintho tse qalang). M-I ke metabolite e sebetsang ebile e le inhibitor e ikhethileng ea DPP-4, e ts'oanang le ts'ebetso ea alogliptin, M-II ha e bonts'e ts'ebetso ea inhibitory khahlano le DPP-4 kapa li-enzyme tse ling tse tšoanang le DPP. Liphuputso tsa in vitro li senotse hore CYP2D6 le CYP3A4 li kenya letsoho ho metabolism e fokolang ea alogliptin. Alogliptin e teng haholo ka sebopeho sa (R) enantiomer (> 99%) mme tlasa maemo a vivo e feta maemong a manyane a ho fetoha ha chiral ho ea ho (S) enantiomer. (S) -enantiomer ha e fumanoe ha ho nooa alogliptin ho litekanyetso tsa kalafo (25 mg).
Ho tsala
Kamora ho tsamaisoa ha alogliptin e ngotsoeng ke 14C, 76% ea radioactivity kaofela e epuoa ke liphio le 13% ka mala, ho fihla ho 89% ea lethal dose e laoloang. Ho hlakoloa ha alogliptin (9,6 L / h) ho bontša secretion ea tubal ea renal. Tlhahiso ea sistimi ke 14.0 l / h.
Pharmacokinetics ka lihlopha tse khethehileng tsa bakuli:
Ts'ebetso ea mokokotlo e sa sebetseng
Tlhatlhobo ea alogliptin ho bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho ruruha ho sa sebetseng hantle (60≤ creatinine clearance (CrCl) Lintlha tsohle li hlahisoa ka sepheo sa tlhahisoleseling mme ha se lebaka la ho itlama kapa ho khutlisetsa lithethefatsi

Litšenyehelo tsa Vipidia le li-analogues tsa eona

Ts'ebeliso ea matlapa a Vipidia a lefu la tsoekere hangata e ntle haholo.

Haeba re ahlola kalafo ka litlhahlobo tseo batho ba sebelisang Vipidia ba tlohelang ho tsona, re ka fihlela qeto ea hore lithethefatsi ke sethethefatsi se sebetsang se ka laolang boemo ba glycemia 'meleng oa motho ea nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.

Motsoako motsoako o sebetsang, e leng alogliptin ho fihlela joale, ho ekelletsa ho Vipidia ha oa ngolisoa.

Lithethefatsi tse ntlafalitsoeng, likarolo tsa tsona tse sebetsang ke metsoako ea sehlopha sa "incretinomimetics".

Mekhoa ea kalafo e atileng haholo ea Vipidia ke e latelang:

  1. Januvia ke lithethefatsi tsa hypoglycemic tse entsoeng motheong oa sitagliptin. Ho lokolloa ha moriana ho ka tsela ea matlapa a nang le 25, 50 le 100 mg ea karolo e sebetsang. Matšoao a ts'ebeliso ea Januvia a tšoana le tseo Vipidia a nang le tsona. Moriana ona o ka sebelisoa ka monotherapy kapa ka kalafo e rarahaneng.
  2. Yanumet ke litokisetso tse rarahaneng, tse nang le sitagliptin le metformin e le likarolo tse sebetsang. Tekanyetso ea karolo ea pele e sebetsang ke 50 mg, mme metformin ka sebopeho sa moriana e ka ba teng ka bongata. Setlhare se fumaneha ka mefuta e meraro - 50, 850 le 1000 mg.
  3. Galvus e le karolo e sebetsang e na le vildagliptin, e leng analogue ea alogliptin. Tekanyetso ea karolo e sebetsang ka ho e hlophisa ke 50 mg. Litekanyetso tsa metformin ka sebopeho sa moriana ke 500, 850 le 1000 mg.
  4. Onglisa ka sebopeho sa eona e le sebopeho se sebetsang se na le saxagliptin. K'homphieutha ena e amana le metsoako e thibelang enzyme e felisang incretin. Setlhare se fumaneha ka tekanyetso ea 2,5 le 5 mg.
  5. Comboglyz Prolong ke motsoako oa saxagliptin le metformin. Motsoako ona oa fumaneha ka mokhoa oa lipilisi. Ho lokolloa ha likarolo tse sebetsang ho etsahala ka mokhoa o liehang.
  6. Trazhenta ke moriana oa hypoglycemic o entsoeng motheong oa linagliptin. Sebopeho sa moriana se na le 5 mg ea motsoako o sebetsang.

Litsenyehelo tsa lithethefatsi li latela sebaka seo sehlahisoa se rekisoang teng Russia. Theko e tloaelehileng ea sethethefatsi sena ke li-ruble tse 843.

Ke litlhare life tse ka sebelisoang kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere li hlalositsoe videong ena.

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