Ofloxacin: litaelo tsa tšebeliso

Matlapa a Ofloxacin ke a sehlopha sa litlhare tsa litlhare tse thibelang lithethefatsi tse tsoang ho fluoroquinolones. Li sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea etiotropic (kalafo e reretsoeng ho senya pathogen) ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang a bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tse amehang nthong e sebetsang ea lithethefatsi.

Sokolla foromo le sebopeho

Matlapa a Ofloxacin a batla a soeufetse ka 'mala, a chitja ka sebopeho' me a na le biconvex. Li koaetsoe ka koae ea lifilimi tsa enteric. Ofloxacin ke motsoako o ka sehloohong oa lithethefatsi; dikahare tsa lona ka har'a letlapa le le leng ke 200 le 400 mg. Hape, sebopeho sa eona se kenyeletsa likarolo tse thusang, tse kenyeletsang:

Microcrystalline cellulose.
Colloidal silicon dioxide.
Povidone.
Starch ea poone.
Talc.
Khalsiamo e sentse.
Propylene glycol.
Hypromellose.
Tekanyetso ea titanium
Macrogol 4000.

Matlapa a Ofloxacin a kentsoe ka har'a pakete ea blister ea likotoana tse 10. Pakete ea karete e na le blister e le 'ngoe e nang le matlapa le litaelo tsa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi.

Ketso ea pharmacological

Ntho e sebetsang ea matlapa a Ofloxacin inhibits (inhibits) le bacterial cell enzyme DNA gyrase, e ts'oarang karohano ea DNA supercoiling reaction (deoxyribonucleic acid). Ho ba sieo ha karabelo e joalo ho lebisa ho tsitsitseng ha DNA ea baktheria ka lefu le latelang la sele. Setlhare se na le litlamorao tsa bactericidal (ho lebisa lefung la lisele tsa libaktheria). E bua ka li-antibacterial agents tsa bongata bo fapaneng ba ketso. Lihlopha tse latelang tsa libaktheria li e tsotella haholo:

Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis).
Neisseria (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis).
E. coli (Escherichia coli).
Klebsiella, ho kenyeletsa Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Proteus (Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, ho kenyelletsa le mefuta e metle e ntle le e seng ntle ea indole).
Likokoana-hloko tsa tšoaetso ea mala (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. Ho kenyelletsa Shigella sonnei, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni, Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus).
Likokoana-hloko tse nang le mokhoa oa ho fetisetsa litaba tsa thobalano - (Chlamydia - Chlamydia spp.).
Legionella (Legionella spp.).
Likokoana-hloko tsa pertussis le pertussis (Bordetella parapertussis, Bordetella pertussis).
Moemeli oa causative oa makhopho ke Propionibacterium acnes.

Polygonal nahanela ho motsoako a sebetsang a Ofloxacin matlapa rua Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Serrratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycobacterium lefuba, Mycobacteriurn fortuitum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium spp ., Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogene, Gardnerella vaginalis. Nocardia asteroides, libaktheria tsa anaerobic (Bacteroides spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Fusobacterium spp., Clostridium Hardile) ha e amehe ho lithethefatsi. Likokoana-hloko tsa Syphilis, Treponema pallidum, le tsona li loantšana le ofloxacin.

Kamora ho nka matlapa a Ofloxacin kahare, a sebetsang a potlakile mme a batla a amoheloa ka botlalo ho tloha lesikeng la mala ho kenella tsamaisong ea kemiso. E ajoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang lithong tsa 'mele. Ofloxacin e na le metabolite e itseng sebeteng (hoo e ka bang 5% ea mahloriso a felletseng). Sesebelisoa se sebetsang se tšeloa ka har'a moroto, ka mokhoa o fapaneng o sa fetoheng. Bophelo ba halofo (nako eo ka eona halofo ea moriana o tlohang 'meleng) ke lihora tse 4-7.

Matšoao a ho sebelisoa

Tsamaiso ea litafole tsa Ofloxacin e bonts'oa mafu a mangata a tšoaetsanoang a bakoang ke baktheria ea pathogenic (pathogenic) e amehang kahare ho ts'ebetso ea lithethefatsi:

Tšoaetso le tšoaetso ea litho tsa ENT - sinusitis (lesapo la baktheria la li-sinus tsa paranasal), pharyngitis (ho ruruha ha pharynx), mecha ea litaba ea otitis (ho ruruha tsebe e bohareng), tonsillitis (tšoaetso ea baktheria ea lithane), laryngitis (ho ruruha ha larynx).
Psychology e tšoaetsanoang ea ts'oaetso e ka tlase ea phefumoloho - bronchitis (ho ruruha ha bronchi), pneumonia (pneumonia).
Ts'oaetso e tšoaetsang letlalong le linama tse bonolo ke libaktheria tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea purulent.
Litla-morao tsa tšoaetso ea manonyeletso le masapo, ho kenyelletsa poliomyelitis (lesapo la purulent la lisele tsa lesapo).
Tšoaetso le tšoaetso ea methapo ea methapo ea lijo le likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea hepatobiliary.
Pathology ea litho tsa pelvic ho basali e bakoang ke libaktheria tse fapaneng - salpingitis (ho ruruha ha methapo ea fallopian), endometritis (ho ruruha ha uterine mucosa), oophoritis (ho ruruha ha mae a bomalimabe), parametritis (ho ruruha karolong e ka ntle ea lebota la uterine), cervicitis (ho ruruha hoa mpa ea mpa).
Litla-morao tsa litho tsa kahare tsa setho sa botšehali ho monna ke prostatitis (ho ruruha ha tšoelesa ea senya), orchitis (ho ruruha ha litutulu), lefu la lefutso (ho ruruha hoa litekanyetso tsa litopo).
Mafu a tšoaetsanoang ke tšoaetso ea thobalano e ka pele-pele - gonorrhea, chlamydia.
Tšoaetso ea tšoaetso le e fokolisang ea liphio le pampitšana ea ho ntša metsi - pyelonephritis (ho ruruha ha lets'oao la calyx le renal pelvis), cystitis (ho ruruha ha lesapo la mokokotlo), urethritis (ho ruruha ha urethra).
Tšoaetso e tšoaetsanoang ea litho tsa bokong le lesapo la mokokotlo (meningitis).

Matlapa a Ofloxacin a boetse a sebelisetsoa ho thibela tšoaetso ea baktheria ho bakuli ba nang le ts'ebetso e fokolisitsoeng ea boits'ireletso ba mmele.

Contraindication

Tsamaiso ea litafole tsa Ofloxacin e hokahane maemong a 'mele a bophelo le' mele, a kenyeletsang:

Hypersensitivity ho ntho e sebetsang le likarolo tse thusang tsa sethethefatsi.
Lefu la sethoathoa (nts'etsopele ea nako le nako ea ho ts'oaroa ka matla ke tonic-clonic ho loants'a semelo sa ho se tsebe hantle), ho kenyeletsa le se fetileng.
Boitlamo ba nts'etsopele ea ho tsietsana (ho theola monyako oa ho ts'oaroa) khahlanong le bokantle ba kotsi ea ts'ebetso ea boko, ts'oaetso ea methapo ea methapo ea tsamaiso ea methapo e kholo, hammoho le ho otla ha mokokotlo.
Bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 18, e amanang le ho thehoa ho sa pheleng ha masapo a masapo.
Ho ima nakong efe kapa efe ea tsoelo-pele le lactation (ho anyesa).

Ka hloko, ho sebelisoa matlapa a Ofloxacin bakeng sa atherosulinosis (ho hlahisa k'holeseterole leboteng la methapo ea methapo), likotsi tsa potoloho ea mali bokong (ho kenyelletsa le tse fetisitsoeng nakong e fetileng), liso tsa tlhaho tsa likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea methapo e kholo, le ho fokotseha ho sa feleng ha tšebetso ea tšebetso ea sebete. Pele o nka moriana o tlameha ho etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na li-contraindication.

Tekanyetso le tsamaiso

Matlapa a Ofloxacin a nooa kaofela pele ho lijo kapa ka mor'a tsona. Ha li hlafunoe ebile ha li na metsi a lekaneng. Tekanyetso le mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi o ipapisitse le pathogen, ka hona, e khethoa ke ngaka e eang. Tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea lithethefatsi ke 200-800 mg ka letsatsi ho litekanyetso tse peli tse arohaneng, kakaretso ea tsamaiso e fapana pakeng tsa matsatsi a 7 000 (bakeng sa ts'oaetso ea mafu a sa rarahanang a ts'ebetso ea moroto, nako ea kalafo ka moriana e ka ba matsatsi a ka bang 3-5. Matlapa a Ofloxacin a noa ka tekanyetso ea 400 mg hang bakeng sa kalafo ea lefu la makhopho a tsoang hloohong. Bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le ho fokotseha ho kopanang hoa tšebetso e sebetsang ea liphio le sebete, hammoho le ba nang le hemodialysis (ho hloekisoa ha mali ka sethala), ho hlokahala hore ho etsoe phetoho ea litekanyetso.

Litlamorao

Tsamaiso ea litafole tsa Ofloxacin e ka lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea karabelo e mpe ea litho tse fapaneng le litsamaiso tse fapaneng:

Mokhoa oa ho ja - ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa ka linako tse itseng, ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo, ho fihlela ho se sebetse hantle (anorexia), lets'ollo, lefufuru (bloating), bohloko ba ka mpeng, ts'ebetso e eketsehang ea li-enzymes tsa sebete (ALT, AST) maling, e bonts'a ts'abo ea lisele tsa sebete. cholestatic jaundice e halefisitsoeng ke ho thekesela ha bile ka har'a methapo ea tsamaiso ea hepatobiliary, hyperbilirubinemia (ho eketsa khatello ea "bilirubin" maling), pseudomembranous enterocolitis (lefu la methapo ea methapo e hlahisoang ke bactererum Clostridi umallenile).
Ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo le litho tsa methapo ea kutlo - hlooho, ho tsekela, ho se sireletsehe ha metsamao, haholo-holo e amanang le tlhoko ea litsebo tse ntle tsa koloi, ho thothomela (ho thothomela) ha matsoho, ho tsitsipana ha linako tse itseng tsa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa mesifa ea marapo, ho tsikinyeha ha letlalo le paresthesia (ho sithabela ha maikutlo), lits'oants'o tse mpe tsa bosiu, phobias tse fapaneng (e bonts'ang ho tšaba lintho kapa maemo a fapa-fapaneng), ho tšoenyeha, ho eketseha ha thabo ea mokokotlo, "khatello ea maikutlo (ho fokotseha hoa nako e telele), pherekano, ho bona lintho ka mahlo kapa ho li utloa. sihoticheskie itšoara joang, diplopia (habeli Pono), litsebeng Pono (ya mmala) tatso, monko, ho se utloe, ho leka-lekana, e ile ea eketseha khatello ea intracranial.
Ts'ebetso ea pelo - tachycardia (ho eketseha ha sekhahla sa pelo), vasculitis (ts'oaetso ea methapo ea methapo ea mali), ho oa (letšoao le fokotsehileng la molumo oa methapo ea kutlo).
Motsoako oa mali le bofubelu ba masapo - ho fokotseha ha palo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali (hemolytic kapa aplastic anemia), lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali (leukopenia), liplatele (thrombocytopenia), hammoho le ho ba sieo ha li-granulocytes (agranulocytosis).
Sistimi ea urinary - interstitial nephritis (ts'oaetso e kenang ea thipa ea menoana), ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea liphio, maemo a eketsehang a urea le creatinine maling, e bonts'ang nts'etsopele ea ho hloleha ha rems.
Sistimi ea musculoskeletal - bohloko bo kopaneng (arthralgia), mesifa ea mokokotlo (myalgia), ho ruruha ho kenelletseng ha ligaments (tendivitis), mekotla e kopaneng ea synovial (synovitis), riptures ea methapo ea methapo.
Ditlhaka - petechiae (phopholelo e hemela letlalong), dermatitis (ho ruruha ho kenelletseng ha letlalo), lekhopho la pente.
Bohloko bo bakoang ke ho ruruha - lekhopho la letlalo, ho hlohlona, hives (lekhopho le hlahang letlalong le ts'oanang le ho choachoasela ha letlalo), bronchospasm (allergic nyembamba ea bronchi ka lebaka la spasm), allergic pneumonitis (allergic pneumonia), allergic fever (feberu), angio Edema ea Quincke (ho ruruha ho matla ha litho tsa sefahleho le litho tsa ka ntle tsa setho sa botšehali), mathata a tebileng a ho se sebetse hantle ka letlalo (Lyell, Stevens-Johnson syndrome), ho thothomela hoa anaphylactic (systemic allergic e matla) ho arabela ka ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha khatello ea mali le nts'etsopele ea ho hloleha ha litho tse ngata).

Tabeng ea nts'etsopele ea litla-morao kamora ho qaleha ha ts'ebeliso ea matlapa a Ofloxacin, tsamaiso ea bona e lokela ho emisoa mme ba bone ngaka. Monyetla oa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi hape, o khetha ka bomong, ho latela sebopeho le ho teba ha litla-morao.

Litaelo tse khethehileng

Pele o qala ho nka matlapa a Ofloxacin, o lokela ho balla lithethefatsi ka hloko. Ho na le litaelo tse 'maloa tse ikhethang tseo u lokelang ho li ela hloko:

Setlhare ha se mokhoa oa ho ikhethela bakeng sa kalafo ea pneumonia e bakoang ke pneumococcus le acillitis ea sethoathoa.
Nakong ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, ho pepesetsoa letlalo ka khanya ea letsatsi kapa mahlaseli a kotsi a kotsi ho lokela ho qojoa.
Ha ho kgothaletswe ho nwa lipilisi nako e fetang likhoeli tse peli.
Tabeng ea nts'etsopele ea pseudomembranous enterocolitis, lithethefatsi li hlakotsoe, 'me ho fanoa ka metronidazole le vancomycin.
Ha u ntse u nka matlapa a Ofloxacin, ho ruruha ha tendon le ligaments ho ka hlaha, ho lateloa ke ho phatloha (haholo-holo, Achilles tendon) esita le mojaro o monyane.
Khahlano le semelo sa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, basali ha ba khothalletsoe ho sebelisa li-tampons nakong ea ho ilela khoeli ka lebaka la menyetla e phahameng ea ho holisa candidiasis (thrush) e bakoang ke meroho ea fungal e nkang monyetla.
Tabeng ea bothata bo itseng, kamora ho nka matlapa a Ofloxacin, myasthenia gravis (bofokoli ba mesifa) bo ka hlaha.
Ho etsa mehato ea tlhahlobo mabapi le ho tsebahala ha moemeli oa lefutso nakong ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ho ka lebisa litlamorao tse mpe.
Tabeng ea ho kopane ha renal kapa hepatic ho haella, ho tlameha ho lekanyetsoa nako le nako bakeng sa matšoao a tšebetso ea tsona, hammoho le khatello ea ntho e sebetsang ea lithethefatsi.
Qoba ho noella joala ha u ntse u sebelisa lithethefatsi.
Setlhare bakeng sa bana se sebelisoa feela bakeng sa kalafo ea maemo a behang bophelo kotsing a bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tse tšoaetsanoang.
Ntho e sebetsang ea matlapa a Ofloxacin e ka sebelisana le bongata ba lithethefatsi tse fapaneng tsa lihlopha tse ling tsa meriana, ka hona ngaka ea bona e lokela ho lemosoa ka ts'ebeliso ea bona.
Nakong ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, ho hlokahala hore u tlohele ts'ebetso e amanang le tlhokahalo ea khatello e eketsehileng ea tlhokomelo le lebelo la karabelo ea psychomotor, kaha e ama ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea cortex ea "cerebral".

Ka marang-rang a meriana, matlapa a Ofloxacin a fumaneha ka lengolo la ngaka. Ts'ebeliso ea bona e ikemetseng ntle le ho fana ka taelo e nepahetseng ea bongaka ha e qheleloe ka thoko.

Bongata

Tabeng ea tekanyetso e kholo ea kalafo e khothalletsoang ea matlapa a Ofloxacin, pherekano e ba teng, ho tsekela, ho hlatsa, ho otsela, ho ferekana sebakeng le ka nako. Phekolo ea overdose e kenyelletsa ho hlatsoa tšilo ea lijo, ho nka mala ka mpeng, le ho etsa lipontšo tsa kalafo sepetlele.

Tekanyetso le tsamaiso

Tekanyetso le regimen ea lithethefatsi ka mokhoa oa litafole le tharollo ea infusion li khethoa ke ngaka ka boeona, ho latela botebo ba ts'oaetso le sebaka seo e leng ho sona, le boemo ba kakaretso ba mokuli, kutloisiso ea likokoana-hloko tse fokolang, le tšebetso ea sebete le ea liphio.

Ho bakuli ba nang le bothata ba ho sebetsa ba sa sebetse hantle ka moriana oa clearinine clearance (CK) ea 20-50 ml / min, tekanyetso e le 'ngoe ke 50% ea khothaletso (khafetsa ea tsamaiso makhetlo a 2 ka letsatsi), kapa tekanyo e le' ngoe e tsoetsoeng e na le nako e le ngoe ka letsatsi. Le QC