Lithethefatsi tse fokotsang k'holeseterole ea mali: tlhahlobo ea li-agent

Phekolo ea lithethefatsi bakeng sa mathata a metabolite ea lipid e laeloa ho se sebetse hantle ha lijo tse fokotsang lipid, ho ikoetlisa ka mokhoa o leka-lekaneng le ho theola boima ba 'mele bakeng sa likhoeli tse 6. Boemong ba cholesterol e felletseng maling maling a kaholimo ho 6.5 mmol / l, lithethefatsi li ka laeloa pejana ho nako ena.

Ho lokisa metabolism ea lipid, ho fanoa ka litlhare tsa anti-atherogenic (lipid-lowing). Morero oa ts'ebeliso ea bona ke ho fokotsa sekhahla sa "cholesterol" e mpe "(cholesterol e felletseng, triglycerides, lipoprotein e tlase haholo) (LDL) e liehisang nts'etsopele ea vasheritosis ea vascular le ho fokotsa kotsi ea lipontšo tsa eona tsa kliniki: angina pectoris, ho otloa ke pelo, ho otloa ke lefu le itseng mafu.

Tlhomamiso

1. Li-resion tsa phapanyetsano ea anion le lithethefatsi tse fokotsang ho monya (ho monya) k'holeseterole ka mpeng.
2. Nicotinic acid
3. Probukol.
4. Fibrate.
5. Statins (3-hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme-A-reductase inhibitors).

Ho latela mochine oa ts'ebetso, lithethefatsi ho theola cholesterol ea mali li ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse 'maloa.

Lithethefatsi tse thibelang ho kopana ha atherogenic lipoprotein ("cholesterol e mpe"):

• li-statins
• fibrate
• nicotinic acid
• probucol
• letheflavin.

Se bolelang ho fokotsa ho kenngoa ha k'holeseterole lijong lijong:

• li-sequestrants tsa bile acid,
• tsela.

Li-ukulungisa tsa metabolism ea lipid tse eketsang boemo ba "cholesterol e ntle":

Li -ququitors tsa bile acid

Lithethefatsi tse tlamang acid ea Bile acid (cholestyramine, colestipol) ke li-resin tsa phapanyetsano ea anion. Hang ha a le ka mpeng, a "tšoara" li-acid acid mme a li tlosa 'meleng. Mmele o qala ho hloka li-acid acid, tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng. Ka hona, ho sebete, ts'ebetso ea ho li kopanya ho tloha k'holeseterole e qalile. Cholesterol e "nkoa" maling, ka lebaka leo, khatello ea eona moo e ea fokotseha.

Cholestyramine le colestipol li fumaneha ka mokhoa oa phofo. Tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi e lokela ho aroloa ka tekanyetso e 'meli ho isa ho e mene, e noeloang ka ho tšela moriana ka metsi (metsi, lero).

Li-exchangeion tsa anion ha li kenngoe maling, li sebetsa feela ka mokokotlong oa mala. Ka hona, li bolokehile haholo ebile ha li na litlamorao tse mpe tse sa batleheng. Litsebi tse ngata li lumela hore hoa hlokahala ho qala kalafo ea hyperlipidemia ka lithethefatsi tsena.

Litla-morao li kenyelletsa ho thunya, ho nyekeloa le pelo le ho sokela, litulo tse bobebe tse sa tloaelehang. Ho thibela matšoao a joalo, ho hlokahala ho eketsa ho kenella ha mokelikeli le lijo tsa fiber (fiber, bran).
Ka tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea lithethefatsi tsena ka tekanyetso e phahameng, ho ka ba le tlolo ea ho kenngoa ka popelong ea folic acid le livithamini tse ling, haholo-holo tse qhibilihang habonolo.

Lithethefatsi tse hatellang ho kenella ka cholesterol ea mala

Ka ho fokotsa ho kenngoa ha k'holeseterole e tsoang lijong ka har'a mala, lithethefatsi tsena li fokotsa khatello ea mali maling.
Se sebetsang ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sena sa lichelete ke li-guar. Ke tlatsetso ea limela e tsoang lipeo tsa linaoa tsa hyacinth. E na le "polysaccharide" e qhibilihang ka metsing, e bopa jellyse ha e kopana le mokelikeli o ka har'a leseli la mala.

Guarem o etsa ka mokhoa o tlotsang limolek'hule tsa cholesterol leboteng la mala. E potlakisa ho felisoa ha li-acid acid, e lebisang ho tšoaroeng ha cholesterol e ngata maling ho tsoa sebeteng bakeng sa semelo sa bona. Lithethefatsi li hatella takatso ea lijo le ho fokotsa palo ea lijo tse jeoang, tse lebisang ho fokotsa boima ba mmele le lipid maling.
Guarem e hlahisoa ka li-granules, tse lokelang ho eketsoa selikalikoe (metsi, lero, lebese). Ho nka sethethefatsi sena ho lokela ho kopantsoe le lithethefatsi tse ling tsa antiatherosselotic.

Litla-morao li kenyelletsa ho thunya, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, bohloko bo ka mpeng, ka linako tse ling litulo tse otlolohileng. Leha ho le joalo, li hlahisoa hanyane, ha li hlahe hangata, ha kalafo e tsoelang pele e feta ka boithatelo.

Nicotinic acid

Acid ea Nicotinic le lintho tse tsoang ho eona (enduracin, niceritrol, acipimox) ke vithamine ea sehlopha sa B. E fokotsa khatello ea "cholesterol e mpe" maling. Nicotinic acid e kenya tšebetsong tsamaiso ea fibrinolysis, e fokotsa bokhoni ba mali ba ho etsa likhahla tsa mali. Pheko ena e sebetsa hantle ho feta lithethefatsi tse ling tse fokotsang lipid tse eketsang khatello ea "cholesterol e ntle" maling.

Kalafo ea acid ea Nicotinic e etsoa ka nako e telele, ka keketseho ea butle-butle ea lethal dose. Pele le kamora ho e nka, ha ho kgothaletswe ho nwa lino tse chesang, haholo kofi.

Motsoako ona o ka khopisa mpa, ka hona ha e ngoletsoe lefu la gastritis le peptic ulcer. Ho bakuli ba bangata, bofubelu ba sefahleho bo hlaha qalong ea kalafo. Butle-butle, phello ena ea nyamela. Ho e thibela, ho kgothaletswa ho nka 325 mg ea aspirin metsotso e 30 pele o nka moriana. 20% ea bakuli ba na le letlalo le boreleli.

Phekolo e nang le litokisetso tsa acid e nicotinic e hanyetsoa bakeng sa ulcer le seso sa duodenal, hepatitis e sa foleng, likhathatso tse matla tsa morethetho oa pelo, gout.

Enduracin ke lithethefatsi tse nkang nako e telele tsa nicotinic acid. E mamelloa hamolemo, e bakang litlamorao tse fokolang. Li ka alafshoa nako e telele.

Setlhare sena se fokotsa maemo a “cholesterol” e ntle le e mpe. Setlhare ha se ame boemo ba triglycerides.

Lithethefatsi li tlosa LDL maling, e potlakisa ho pepesetsoa ha k'holeseterole e nang le bile. E thibela lipid peroxidation, e bonts'a phello ea antiatherosulinotic.

Litlamorao tsa sethethefatsi li hlaha likhoeli tse peli kamora ho qala kalafo mme li nka ho fihlela likhoeli tse tšeletseng kamora ho felisoa ha eona. E ka kopantsoe le mekhoa leha e le efe e 'ngoe ea ho fokotsa cholesterol.

Tlas'a tšusumetso ea lithethefatsi, ho lelefatsa nako ea Q-T ho electrocardiogram le nts'etsopele ea li-arrhythmias tse matla tsa ventricular lia khoneha. Nakong ea tsamaiso ea eona, ho hlokahala hore ho phetoe hape li-electrocardiogram bonyane hanngoe ka likhoeli tse tharo ho isa ho tse tšeletseng. U ke ke ua abela probucol ka nako e le 'ngoe ka cordarone. Litlamorao tse ling tse sa rateheng li kenyelletsa ho thunya le bohloko ba ka mpeng, ho nyekeloa le pelo le linako tse ling tse otlolohileng.

Probucol e kopantsoe le li-ventricular arrhythmias tse amanang le nako e atolositsoeng ea Q-T, liketsahalo tse etsahalang khafetsa tsa myocardial ischemia, hape le boemo bo tlase ba HDL.

Fibrate e fokotsa sekhahla sa triglycerides maling, ho isa tekanyong e tlase ea khatello ea LDL cholesterol le VLDL. Li sebelisoa maemong a hypertriglyceridemia. Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang haholo ke:

• gemfibrozil (lopid, gevilon),
• fenofibrate (lipantil 200 M, treicor, ex-lipip),
• cyprofibrate (lipanor),
• choline fenofibrate (trilipix).

Litla-morao li kenyelletsa ho senyeha ha mesifa (bohloko, bofokoli), ho nyekeloa le pelo le bohloko ba ka mpeng, ts'ebetso ea sebete. Fibrate e ka ntlafatsa sebopeho sa calculi (majoe) ho lefu la nyooko. Maemong a sa tloaelehang, tlas'a tšusumetso ea li-agents tsena, inhibition ea hematopoiesis e etsahala ka nts'etsopele ea leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia.

Fibrate ha e fuoe mafu a sebete le botenya, hematopoiesis.

Statins ke litlhare tse sebetsang hantle haholo tse fokotsang lipid. Ba thibela enzyme e ikarabellang bakeng sa motsoako oa k'holeseterole ka har'a sebete, ha litaba tsa eona tse maling li fokotseha. Ka nako e ts'oanang, palo ea li-receptor tsa LDL e ntse e eketseha, e lebisang ho ntšitsoeng ka sekhahla ha "cholesterol e mpe" maling.
Lithethefatsi tse atileng ka ho fetisisa ke:

• simvastatin (vasilip, chakor, aries, simvageksal, simvakard, simvakol, simvastin, simvastol, simvor, simlo, sincard, holvasim),
• lovastatin (cardiostatin, choletar),
• pravastatin
• atorvastatin (anvistat, atocor, atomax, ator, atorvox, atoris, vazator, lipoford, lypimar, liptonorm, novostat, torvazin, torvakard, tulip),
• rosuvastatin (akorta, sefapano, mertenil, rosartark, rosucard, rosulip, roxera, rustor, tevastor),
• pitavastatin (livazo),
• fluvastatin (leskol).

Lovastatin le simvastatin li entsoe ka fungus. Tsena ke "li-drug" tseo ka har'a sebete li fetohang metabolites e sebetsang. Pravastatin e tsoa ho fungal metabolites, empa ha e tšeloe ka har'a sebete, empa e se e le ntho e sebetsang. Fluvastatin le atorvastatin ke lithethefatsi tse entsoeng ka botlalo.

Statins e laeloa hanngoe ka letsatsi mantsiboea, kaha tlhoro ea cholesterol e hlahisoang 'meleng e etsahala bosiu. Butle-butle, litekanyetso tsa bona li ka eketseha. Tšusumetso e se e ntse e le teng matsatsing a pele a tsamaiso, e fihla hofihlella ka khoeli.

Lipalo li sireletsehile ka ho lekaneng. Leha ho le joalo, ha u sebelisa tekanyetso e kholo, haholo-holo hammoho le fibrate, ts'ebetso ea sebete e sa sebetseng ea khonahala. Bakuli ba bang ba utloa bohloko ba mesifa le ho fokola ha mesifa. Ka linako tse ling ho ba le bohloko ba ka mpeng, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho sokela, ho hloka takatso ea lijo. Maemong a mang, ho hlobaela le ho opeloa ke hlooho ho ka etsahala.

Statins ha e ame metaboline ea purine le carbohydrate. Li ka fuoa mokhoa oa gout, lefu la tsoekere, botenya.

Statins ke karolo ea litekanyetso tsa kalafo ea atherosulinosis. Li ngotsoe e le monotherapy kapa hammoho le li-antiatherosulinotic tse ling. Ho na le metsoako e entsoeng ka lokisitsoeng ea lovastatin le nicotinic acid, simvastatin le ezetimibe (ts'e), pravastatin le fenofibrate, rosuvastatin le ezetimibe.
Ho na le motsoako oa li-statins le acetylsalicylic acid, hammoho le atorvastatin le amlodipine (duplexor, caduet). Tšebeliso ea metsoako e entsoeng ka mokhoa o lokiselitsoeng e eketsa ho khomarela ha kalafo kalafong (ho latela), e na le molemo o moholo moruo, mme e baka litla-morao tse fokolang.

Lithethefatsi tse ling tse fokotsang lipid

Benzaflavin ke oa sehlopha sa vithamine B2. E ntlafatsa metabolism ka har'a sebete, e baka ho fokotseha hoa litekanyetso tsa mali tsa tsoekere, triglycerides, cholesterol e felletseng. Moriana o mamelloa hantle, o laetsoe lithutong tse telele.

Bohlokoa bo na le li-phospholipids tsa bohlokoa, livithamini tsa B, nicotinamide, mafura a sa sisinyeheng a mafura, sodium pantothenate. Setlhare se ntlafatsa ho phatloha le ho felisoa ha "cholesterol" e mpe ", e kenya tšebetsong thepa ea bohlokoa ea" cholesterol "e ntle.

Lipostable e haufi le sebopeho le ts'ebetso ho Bohlokoa.

Omega-3 triglycerides (omacor) e laetsoe kalafo ea hypertriglyceridemia (ntle le mofuta oa 1 hyperchilomicronemia), hammoho le thibelo ea infraction ea myocardial e pheta-phetoang.

Ezetimibe (ezetrol) e liehisa ho kenngoa ha k'holeseterole ka popelong, e fokotsa ho kenella ha eona ka har'a sebete. E fokotsa litaba tsa "cholesterol" e mpe "maling. Setlhare sena se sebetsa hantle haholo ha se kopantsoe le li-statins.

Video ka sehlooho "Cholesterol le li-statins: na ho loketse ho nka moriana?"