K'holeseterole e phahameng ho banna

E fetoletsoe ho tsoa ho Senyesemane sa khale, lentsoe "cholesterol" le bolela "bile e thata." Cholesterol ke motsoako oa limela tse nang le mafura a mangata haholo. Ha e qhibilihe ka metsing, joalo ka mafura ohle. Hoo e ka bang 80% ea cholesterol ea mali (hoo e ka bang 500 mg) e hlahisoa ke li-gonads, sebete (boholo), ho isa tekanyong e tlase, ke liphio, mala le litšoelesa tsa adrenal. 20% e tsoa lijong. Hape lingoliloeng li fumaneha "cholesterol" lingoliloeng. Na ho na le phapang pakeng tsa bona? Ka thepa ea eona ea 'mele, cholesterol ke kristale e maemong a kopaneng a metsi. Ka mantsoe a lik'hemik'hale, ho tla ba ho nepahetseng haholoanyane ho e bitsa k'holeseterole. Lebitso lena le sebelisoa lingoloa tsa bongaka tsa kantle ho naha.

Maling a batho, cholesterol ha e potoloha ka sebopeho sa eona se hloekileng, empa e kopane le liprotheine tsa transporter. Motsoako o joalo o bitsoa lipoprotein. Liprotheine tsena tsa transporter li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 'maloa ho latela tšebetso ea tsona' me li sebeletsa ho isa cholesterol ho litho le lisele:

1. Litho tse phahameng tsa boima ba limolek'hule (tse khutsufalitsoeng e le HDL kapa HDL) li na le letsoalo le phahameng, le tsejoang ka hore ke "cholesterol e ntle".
2. Boima bo tlase ba limolek'hule (e khutsufalitsoeng e le LDL kapa LDL) - e na le letsoalo le tlase, le eona ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea plasma ea mali ebile e le karolo ea seo ho thoeng ke cholesterol e mpe.
3. Boima bo boima ba limolek'hule, i.e. letsoalo le tlase haholo (e khutsufalitsoeng VPLL).
4. Chylomicron ke sehlopha sa liprotheine tse entsoeng ke mala ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea lipids tsa kantle (sehlopha sa mafura a manyolo). Tsena ke mafura a manyolo, a fapaneng ka boholo ba microscopic - tlase ho 1 micron.

Boleng ba k'holeseterole bakeng sa 'mele

Cholesterol e fumanoa seleng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 'mele' me e nka karolo mekhahlelo ea bophelo ba 'mele. E hlokahala kahare ea li-steroid tsa thobalano ka har'a litšoelesa tsa adrenal (estrogen, cortisol, progesterone, aldosterone, testosterone, joalo-joalo), hammoho le acid acid.

Kantle ho k'holeseterole, tsamaiso ea methapo le ho itšireletsa mafung ha li khonehe. Ka lebaka la eona, vithamine D e entsoe 'meleng, e amang phapanyetsano ea Ca le phosphorus. Hape, k'holeseterole e hlokahala bakeng sa metabolism e tloaelehileng le ts'ebetso ea litho tsa ka hare. E khetholla le ho sireletsa likhoele tsa methapo, e khethollang ho tšepahala ha li-membrane tsa lisele le boits'oaro ba tsona ba ho khetha. 'Mele o hloka cholesterol, empa eseng ho fetella.

Cholesterol metabolism 'meleng

Kamora ho kenngoa ka leboteng la mala, cholesterol e kena maling. LDL le VLDL ha li tšoanele 'mele. Ba lula marakong a methapo ea mali, ba etsa li-plagios tsa methapo ea methapo. Li lokela ho ba maling. Keketseho ea bona ke letšoao la pathology. Cholesterol e fetisetsoa liseleng, 'me haeba e le ngata haholo, e qala ho lula ka har'a likepe. Bothata ba subsidence ena ke ho fokotsa matla a sekepe le ho potoloha ho sa sebetseng hantle. Phello ke ho nyekeloa ke pelo, stroke.

Ha ba bua ka kalafo ea hypercholesterolemia, ba bolela LDL. Boemo ba bona ha boa lokela ho ba bophahamo ba 5 mmol / l. Kamora lilemo tse 35, lits'ebetso tsa metabolic li fokotseha butle, kahoo moeling ona oa lilemo o lokela ho hlahloba boemo ba hau ba cholesterol kamehla.

Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo ke lintho tse nang le mafura a "matle". Ha ea lokela ho ba tlase ho 1.7 mmol / l. Ba bapala karolo ea bona ea ho itšireletsa - ba sireletsa lerako la methapo hore le se ke la senyeha mme ba laola boemo ba cholesterol e "mpe".

Morero o ka sehloohong oa HDL ke ho leleka cholesterol e mpe. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore ba fetisetsa k'holeseterole ho tsoa liphoofolong ho e isa sebeteng, moo e timetsoang. Kahoo, cholesterol e na le metabolism e rarahaneng 'meleng oa monna.

Tekanyo ea HDL e fokotsehileng e bontša monyetla oa atherosclerosis. Ha ho na k'holeseterole e seng kotsi le e tlaase. Batho ba nang le lefu la kelello ba na le menyetla ea ho tepella maikutlo, hangata ba na le stroke le lefu la mofets'e. Ka hona, bophelo bo botle bo hloka teka-tekano lipakeng tsa maqhubu a cholesterol.

Bohlokoa ka ho lekana ho biochemistry ea mali ke boemo ba triglycerides (TG). Palo ea bona ha ea lokela ho feta 2.0 mmol / l ea mali ho monna e moholo.

Ka lilemo, palo ena e eketseha. Letšoao la ho feta 2.29 mmol / litha e supa monyetla oa lefu la pelo, pancreatitis, lefu la tsoekere le khatello ea mali. Ho fokotseha ha triglycerides ho tla bonts'a mathata mats'oafong le sebete, khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng.

Nakong ea lilemo tse 30 ho isa ho 40, k'holeseterole ea mali e eketseha, qetellong ea lilemo tse 50, lipids lia hokahana.

Tloaelo ea cholesterol maling

Tekanyo ea k'holeseterole e ka fetoha ka ho felletseng ka bophara ba 3.6-7.8 mmol / l, empa khafetsa e le 3.5-5. Haeba mokuli a le monyane, joale boemo bo holimo ba tloaelo ha bo fetang 6.4 mmol / l.

K'holeseterole e phahamisitsoeng ho banna e itšetlehile ka lilemo, boemo ba 'mele ka kakaretso. Empa lingaka li lumela hore cholesterol efe kapa efe e fetang 6 mmol / L e kotsi 'meleng ebile ea phahama.

Sehlopha sa mekhahlelo ea cholesterol ea mali:

1. E loketseng - k'holeseterole e sa phahame ho 5 mmol / l.
2. Ka tsela e itekanetseng kapa e nyane hanyane - ho tloha ho 5 ho isa ho 6 mmol / L.
3. Kotsi e phahameng - kaholimo ho 6.5 mmol / l.

Tloaelo ea cholesterol e felletseng ho banna ka lilemo

Age e boetse ea bohlokoa:

• ho fihlela lilemo tse 20, tloaelo ke 2.91-5.10 mmol / l,
• Lilemo tse 20-25 - 3.16-5.59,
• Lilemo tse 25-30 - 3.44-6.32 mmol / l,
• Lilemo tse 3540 - 3,63-6.99 mmol / l,
• ho fihlela lilemo tse 45 - 3.91-6.94,
• ho fihla ho 55 - 4.09-7.15 mmol / l.

Ho feta moo e fetoha hanyane. Mme o feta dilemo tse 70, e se e le 3,73-7.86.

Lipalo li bonts'a hore boemo ba OH bo eketseha ka lilemo. Ka mantsoe a mang, lisosa tsa banna (cholesterol li phahame maling a bakuli ba tsofetseng hangata) li amana ka kotloloho le lilemo.

Mme le haeba motho a boloka ka hloko melao eohle ea bophelo bo botle, ho fetisa tloaelo ho qoba ho tšoana ho ke ke ha atleha. Tlhaho e fana ka phokotso e amanang le lilemo ho metabolism.

Mokhoa oa ho khetholla

Lingaka tse ngata li khothaletsa haholo ho hlahloba lipids tsa mali selemo le selemo ka mor'a lilemo tse 25, le kamora lilemo tse 50 - hang ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng. Ka tlhaho ea lefutso, mali a lokela ho fanoa khafetsa.

Bakeng sa ts'episo ea sephetho, mali a fanoa ka tieo ka mpeng e se nang letho hoseng. Ho hlokahala hape hore u se ke ua sebelisa lino tse tahang, meriana - letsatsi pele ho tlhahlobo, u se ke ua ja lihora tse 12, u se ke ua tsuba kapa ua noella lihora tse 6, le ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo.

Letsatsi pele ho tlhahlobo, hoa hlokahala ho lahla ho ikoetlisa ka matla 'meleng, lijo tse mafura le tse letsoai - tsena e kanna ea ba lisosa tsa cholesterol e phahameng ea mali ho banna. Haeba atherosulinosis e fumanoa, tlhahlobo eo e ea sebetsa hape.

Lisosa tsa Hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia kajeno ke bothata bo tloaelehileng lefatšeng la kajeno. Lisosa tsa k'holeseterole e phahameng ho banna li robala tseleng ea bona ea bophelo. Ke banna bao e leng barati ba khethehileng ba lijo tse mafura le tse halikiloeng, beng ba mekhoa e mebe ka tsela ea ho tsuba le ho noa.

Lisosa tse ling tsa cholesterol e phahameng ho banna ke ho se ikoetlise 'meleng, khatello ea maikutlo le lebelo la bophelo bo potlakileng. Sena se boetse se kenyelletsa ho tsilatsila ho bona ngaka ho fihlela.

Ho latela lipalo-palo, lisosa tse tobileng tsa cholesterol e phahameng ho banna ke:

• Phepo e fosahetseng.
• Pherekano ea methapo.
• Ho haelloa ke boikoetliso le ho ikoetlisa.
• Ho Nona Haholo
• Lilemo tse fetang 40.
• Lefu la tsoekere la mofuta ofe kapa ofe.
• Mathata a amanang le qoqotho.
• Lefu la Gallstone.
• Angina pectoris.
• Ho amohela li-immunosuppressants.

Mofuta oa lefutso o lebisang ho atherosclerosis le eona ke sesosa se tloaelehileng sa cholesterol e phahameng ho banna. Kajeno, k'holeseterole e phahameng e qala ho iponahatsa ho banna ka mor'a lilemo tse 35.

Pele ho moo, sena se ile sa hlokomeloa kamora 40 feela. Hobaneng? Lisosa tsa k'holeseterole e phahameng ea mali ho banna li qalile ho hatisoa khafetsa hobane ho tla ha theknoloji e ncha, ho se khone ho sebetsa, ho nona haholo, tšebeliso e mpe ea joala le khatello ea maikutlo li ntse li eketseha. Litsebi tse ling ka botsona li rera ho eketsa k'holeseterole - bona ke basebetsi ba liofisi le bakhanni ba metsero eohle.

Joalokaha u bona, lebaka le ka sehloohong (cholesterol ea mali ho banna le eketsoa hangata ho feta ho basali) ke mokhoa o fosahetseng oa bophelo. Karolo ea phepo le eona e bohlokoa: ha se lekunutu la hore banna ba tloaetse ho omisa lijo, ho noa metsi a manyane, ho ja litholoana tse fokolang, meroho, litlama le litholoana. Empa ba hlekefetsa lijo tse potlakileng, tse sa tliseng bophelo bo botle leha e le bofe.

Matšoao le matšoao a hypercholesterolemia

Matšoao a sehlooho a k'holeseterole e feteletseng:

• ponahalo ea matheba letlalong,
• ho soeufala ha letlalo le potileng mahlo le ho hlaha ha xanthelasm le xanthoma (matheba a masoeu le a bosehla tlasa letlalo ke pokello ea lipids),
• 'mala o moputsoa o hlaha haufi le cornea ea leihlo, pono e na le bothata,
• bohloko ba leoto bo ka hlaha ha o ntse o tsamaea kapa o ntse o baleha,
• ho hlaseloa ha angina (tachycardia, khatello ea khatello ea mali, ho tsekela, ho fufuleloa),
• boima ba 'mele.

Ntle le lipontšo tse thathamisitsoeng, banna ba lokela ho ela hloko moriri o moputsoa oa pele. Hape, k'holeseterole e ntseng e eketseha ho banna e sokela ka ho fokotseha ha potency. Sena se etsahala ka lebaka la khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng ea litho tse nang le likepe tse nyenyefalitsoeng. Ho phalla ha mali hampe ha ho ka lebisa ho maemo a latelang:

• ho ruruha le ho akheha maotong
• halitosis
• molomo o omileng
• ho imeloa ke mpeng
• pono e fifalitsoeng
• ho sokela
• bofokoli le mokhathala.

Matšoao ana kaofela ke a kantle, 'me a ka hare a bakoa ke stenosis ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo, ka hona, o ka hlokomeleha:

• methapo ea methapo le methapo,
• li-plaque ka har'a lijana le ho fokotsa lebone la tsona,
• Cardialgia
• ho senyeha hoa mohopolo.

Empa ha ho na ho ba le matšoao, 'me hypercholesterolemia e ka bonoa ke ho hlahlojoa ke ngaka ka kotsi. Ho bua ka eng?

Ho hlokahala tlhatlhobo e hlokahalang moo ho nang le mafu a fapaneng a pelo, lefu la tsoekere le mafu a liphio le sebete.

Ka cholesterol e fokotsehileng, boemo bo fapaneng ke ba hore boits'ireletso ba mmele bo a kula, mme mosebetsi oa litho tse ngata oa senyeha. Ntho e ka sehloohong ke hore elasticity ea likepe e mpefala mme ho na le kotsi ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la hemorrhagic.

Kotsi ea LDL e phahameng

Ho eketseha ha k'holeseterole ea mali ho banna ba bang ntle le kalafo e nepahetseng ho ka lebisa ho mathata a kang:

• atherosulinosis
• thromboembolism
• lefu la pelo, ischemia, lefu la pelo, angina pectoris,
• ho se leka-lekane ha li-hormonal,
• pathology ea sebete, liphio, litsoelesa tsa adrenal,
• kotsi ea methapo ea pelo le lichapo,
• ho senyeha hoa mohopolo
• sephetho se bolaeang.

Melemo ea mali e se nang bophelo e fumaneha lethathamong la tse kaholimo, tse bakang li-pathologies tsena kaofela. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa hore motho e mong le e mong a hopole hore lisosa le litlamorao tsa cholesterol e eketsehileng ho banna li lula li amana haholo, 'me tlhahlobo e tlang ka nako' me, ha ho hlokahala, kalafo ke tiiso ea bophelo bo botle.

Ho etsahalang ka ho thijoa kapa ho thibeloa hoa lumen ea methapo ea mali?

Sebopeho sa mali, phallo ea mali ho ea bokong le pelong e khathatsehile, hypoxia, ischemia le nts'etsopele ea tishu. Maloetse a qala butle-butle, ka lefu la atherosclerosis ho 89% ea lefu, lefu le hlaha torong.

Haeba monna a na le cholesterol e phahameng, ke lokela ho etsa eng? Tharollo ea bothata e lokela ho ba bo akaretsang. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa ke: phepo e nepahetseng, le nomoro ea 5 ea phepo e nepahetseng.

Ho bohlokoa hore ke lethathamo la lijo tse nang le "cholesterol" e lekaneng hantle le e hlophisitsoeng hantle ka banna, hammoho le ho phela bophelo bo phetseng hantle, e tla thusa ho theola cholesterol e tloaelehileng. Ho ikoetlisa ka tsela e leka-lekaneng ho bohlokoa, ke meriana haeba ho hlokahala.

Phekolo ea lithethefatsi

Lisosa le kalafo ea cholesterol e phahameng ho banna e amana haholo. Le ha ho na le lithethefatsi tse ngata tsa ho fokotsa cholesterol kajeno mme li ka rekoa khemising ntle le lengolo la ngaka, sena ha se bolele monyetla oa ho iphekola. Le ha o le moriana ka moriana.

Ke ngaka feela e lokelang ho phekola cholesterol e phahameng ho banna. E lekola hore na nako ea tsamaiso e kae le hore na lethal dose ke lefe. Ngaka e eang teng e ka khetha litlhare (lipid-lowing) tse tla thibela nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis le ho fokotsa kotsi ea mathata.

Lithethefatsi tse theolang lipid li kenyelletsa:

1. Statins - ba thibela motsoako oa LDL, mme monyetla oa ho thetsoa ha bona marakong a methapo ea mali oa fokotseha. Lipid metabolism ea ntlafala. Har'a tsona: "Tricor", "Lipantil 2000M" - ea bohlokoa hobane e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere, "Atorvastatin", "Simgal", "Tulip" le ba bang.
2. Li-figrate li thusa ho eketsa bongata ba enzyme e theolang LDL. Tsena li kenyeletsa Fenofibrate, Bezafibrat, jj.
3. FFA - bahlophisi ba li-acid tse bile. Mokhoa oa tšebetso ea bona ke hore ka mpeng ba kenya bile acid le ba qhibilihe ka metsoako e sa tlatsuoeng e fumanoang mantle. Ka lebaka leo, li thibela ho kenngoa ha mafura ka mpeng. Mmele o arabela ka ho etsa hore ho thehoe li-acids tse ncha tse tsoang mabenkeleng a LDL, tseo qetellong li theolang cholesterol ea mali. Tsena li kenyelletsa cholestyramine, colestipol, jj.
4. Litokisetso tsa acid ea Nicotinic li na le matla a ho eketsa HDL maling.
5. Ho kalafo ea mantlha hangata e eketsoa ke lingaka tse ngata tse fanang ka phepo ea phepo ho fokotsa bile. Phekolo eohle e etsoa tlasa taolo ea boemo ba OX maling.

Contraindication ho kalafo

Hoo e ka bang lithethefatsi tsohle li na le tsona. Lichelete tse thehiloeng ho fibroic acid ha li sebelisoe ho batho ba banyenyane bao boiphihlelo ba bona bo sa fela. Hape, sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi ha se laeloe bakuli ba nang le mafu a sebete le a liphio, hobane ba qholotsa sebopeho sa majoe a liphio. Bonyane ebile e behiloe ka hloko bakeng sa pathologies ea gastrointestinal.

FFA ha ea lokela ho nkuoa bakeng sa ba nang le lefu la biliary system, ho na le li-pathologies tsa renal le ho ruruha khafetsa.

Niacin ha e khothalletsoe phepo e sa foleng ea hepatitis, arrhythmias, IDPK le mpeng.

Cholesterol e theolang lijo

Melao e ka sehloohong ea ho ja bakeng sa cholesterol e phahameng ho banna ke:

• ratang nama ea mali,
• likhoho ha lia lokela ho ba le lipekere.

Khetho e ntle ke ho fepa nama kapa tlhapi kapa khoho.

Mefuta eohle ea nama e tsoang ho liphoofolo tse nyane le eona e lumelletsoe. Lihlahisoa tsa lebese - ka sekhahla sa mafura a mafura. Lihlahisoa tsa limela li lokela ho ba teng lijong ka bongata bo boholo. L Salads li lokela ho natefisoa feela ka oli ea limela, ntle le palema. Mafura a betere ho feta a sa lebelloang.

Lithollo tse sebetsang tsa metsi, haholo-holo oat le buckwheat.

A oa ho ja e lokela ho ba:

1. Nuts.
2. Bakeng sa bohobe - phofo e koahetsoeng feela.
3. Li-yolks tsa mahe - 2-3 ka beke. Hape fokotsa moalo oa chisi le offal.
4. Lijo tsa leoatleng - ka bongata bo boholo.

E phehiloe ka ntle. Phekolo ea futhumatsang - e entsoe kapa e phehiloe. Kofi ha e na bonyane, ho molemo ho e nkela tee. Litholoana tse omisitsoeng ho fokotsa. Tai ha e qheleloe kantle le veine e khubelu.

Phepo e nang le cholesterol e phahameng ho banna, e fokotsang k'holeseterole, e lokela ho ba e leka-lekaneng mme e sa kenye soseji ka botlalo, nama ea kolobe le li -fowfowl, li-buns.

Ho lino tse lumelletsoeng metsi, tee e tala, tee ea litlama, lero le qhibilihisitsoeng le lipomphutha tse sa buuoang. Litholoana - liapole, libanana, litholoana tsa lamunu, morara, liperela, liplama. Monokotšoai - fragole, fragole, li-currants, tse tala. Meroho - lihoete, li-zucchini, lehlomela la Brussels.

Linako tsa selemo (ntle le tse khubelu / tse ntšo le allspice) li thibetsoe. Ntle le moo, ba tiisa mali. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela kofi: ts'ebeliso ea eona e ngata e eketsa cholesterol. Haholo-holo haeba u nooa lino tse fetang tse 2 ka letsatsi. Pheta veine ka eona. Tee e tala e theola cholesterol ka 15%.

Ho etsa lipapali

Haeba boemo ba mokuli bo ntse bo se bobebe, o ka etsa ntle le lipilisi. U tla tlameha ho fetola mokhoa oa hau oa bophelo. Boikoetliso bo ke ke ba matlafatsa mesifa feela, empa bo tla fokotsa le boima ba mmele, boo le bona bo leng bohlokoa.

Ha re bue ka katleho ea Liolimpiki. Ho tsamaea ka botlalo moeeng o mocha, empa eseng tlase ho hora.Fana ka ts'ebetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka ho phomola mesifa, ha u ntse u ikoetlisa, eketsa metsi ao u a noang.

Ho bohlokoa ho etsa metjeko, ho tants'a, ho sesa. Keketseho ea meroalo e etsahala butle butle. Palo e phahameng ea pelo ha ea lokela ho feta beats tse 15 ho tloha ho tloaelehileng.

Lingaka li khothalletsa eng?

Kahoo, lingaka li khothaletsa:

1. Qala hoseng ka tefo ea metsotso e 10.
2. - Noa metsi a hloekileng ntle le ho ya ka lilithara tse peli ka letsatsi.
3. Etsa bonnete ba hore o noa khalase ea metsi metsotso e 20 pele o e-ja.
4. Qoba joala, ho tsuba.
5. Ho ikoetlisa bonyane makhetlo a 2 ka beke.
6. Ho tsamaea ka maoto letsatsi le letsatsi, bonyane hora.

Mmele o hloka cholesterol, empa ho haella ha eona kapa ho fetella ho lebisa ho tlolo ea molao e kholo. Teka-tekano e hlokang ho lokisoa e bohlokoa.

Matšoao le matšoao

Ke matšoao afe a bontšang k'holeseterole e phahameng? Ka bomalimabe, kantle ho moo, ho thata ho tseba hore na k'holeseterole e ntse e eketseha hakae. Matšoao a mantlha a lefu lena a kenyelletsa boteng ba:

• angina pectoris
• Mathata a sefahleho
• ho otsela ho hlophisehileng,
• mokhathala,
• ho hloka takatso ea lijo
• khatello e phahameng ea mali
• ho hloka boroko ka har'a sebete,
• ho tšoha ho eketsehileng
• khafetsa migraine le hlooho e bohloko,
• masisa-pelo
• ho hlonepha libakeng tse tlase ha u tsamaea,
• xanthoma (ho bokella mafura tlasa letlalo).

Hangata, xanthomas e fumaneha ka har'a lintja. Matšoao a mang a ka supa tsoelo-pele ea li-pathologies tse ling. Ponahalo ea moriri o moputsoa oa pele ho banna e boetse e bolela matšoao a cholesterol e phahameng ea mali.

Moriri o moputsoa o hlaha ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa atherosselotic ho li-capillaries tsa methapo ea moriri. Ka hona, haeba moriri o moputsoa o bonoa hloohong ea monna e monyane, ena e lokela ho ba lebaka la ho hlahloba litekanyetso tsa cholesterol.

Lijo tse phahameng tsa k'holeseterole

Ka keketseho ea cholesterol, litsebi li khothaletsa ho fokotsa kakaretso ea likhalori tsa lijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, e leng: ho fokotsa mafura a liphoofolo lijong. Lijana tsa nama li nkeloa sebaka ke tlhapi, le mafura a liphoofolo - ka meroho, kenyelletsa meroho le litholoana tse fumanehang lijong. Ho khothalletsoa ho fana ka khetho ea litholoana tsa nako ea selemo.

U lokela ho ja lijo tsa hoseng ka lijo-thollo tse nang le raese, raese kapa oatmeal, ho se kenye lijo tse mafura le tse halikiloeng lijong, tse tla etsa hore ho theole LDL (lipalo tse tlase tsa methapo ea methapo), ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea letsoai le tsoekere, ho khelosa lijo ka lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata, kenyelletsa lijo tse potlakileng tse nang le mafura a tletse

Ho hlokahala feela ho pheha lijo bakeng sa banyalani, ho e baka ka ontong kapa sechu. Lijo li lokela ho ba meqathatso. Ena ke boemo ba bohlokoa ba kalafo. Lijo li thusa ho hloekisa methapo ea mali, ho fokotsa sekhahla sa cholesterol e mpe. Litsebi li u eletsa hore u je:

• durum koro lijo-thollo,
• khoho, mmutla, mohatla, veal,
• sonobolomo le oli ea mohloaare,
• litlhapi tsa metsi a letsoai, li-oyster le scallops,
• mahe, lebese la skim, curd, yogurt le kefir e tlase,
• chisi tse nang le mafura a tlase
• sopho ea meroho
• sopho ea tlhapi
• litlama tse ncha le litholoana,
• linaoa
• popsicles,
• Pudding e mafura a tlase, li-cookies tsa oatmeal le linate,
• metsi, lino-mapholi tsa litholoana, lino tse ncha tse sa tsoakoang ntle le tsoekere.

Ka keketseho ea k'holeseterole, tšebeliso ea lijo tse eketsang ntho ha e lokela ho qheleloa ka thoko:

• lore, lore, botoro le oli ea palema,
• li-muffin, boro e bonolo ea koro,
• letata, likhantsi le nama ea nama ea kolobe, e ka eketsang sekhahla sa likhomphutha tse kang mafura maling,
• marang-rang, soseji le liapole,
• lihlapi tse halikiloeng, squid, caviar, octopus, shrimp,
• mahe a halikiloeng, tranelate e bolila, tranelate, lebese le tlotsitsoeng, chisi ea tranelate,
• moroho oa nama
• litlolo, ice cream e nang le mafura, likokonate,
• tranelate le linooa tsa kofi,
• mayonnaise le lisose tse mafura.

Tlhahlobo le kalafo

U ka tseba joang hore na maemo a cholesterol a phahame? Ho tseba hore na cholesterol e kae, ho bohlokoa ho fana ka mali khoeli le khoeli tse 9-10 ho ea tlhahlobo ea mali ea biological - lipid triad. Ka lebaka la tlhahlobo, u ka tseba liperesente tsa cholesterol e ntle le e mpe.

Ho ba teng ha cholesterol e phahameng ha se kamehla ho bakang mathata a tebileng a metabolic. Maemong a mang, letšoao la ntho le hlaha ha u nka meriana: cortisone, thiazide diuretics, retinoids (bakeng sa kalafo ea makhopho).

Seo u lokelang ho se etsa ka keketseho ea ntho e kang mafura maling? Ho thibela nts'etsopele ea mathata a maholo, hoa hlokahala ho hlahloba boemo ba cholesterol maling le, haeba ho hlokahala, ho phekola ho kheloha hofe kapa hofe ho tloaelehileng. Mekhoa ea kalafo ea hypercholesterolemia e etselitsoe ho felisa lisosa tsa boemo bona. Ntle le moo, ka thuso ea bona, nts'etsopele ea mathata e ka qojoa.

Mokuli o fuoa meriana, lijo le lijo le mekhoa ea ho ikatisa ea 'mele. Phekolo ea lithethefatsi ea mafu a monna a kotsi ka mor'a lilemo tse 20-30 e tla nka:

• Statins - lithethefatsi tse thibelang ho kopana ha cholesterol ho sebete. Lipalo-palo tse sebetsang hantle ke Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, Lovastatin, Fluvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Pitavastatin.
• Meriana e sitisang ho kenngoa ha cholesterol ka mala. Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ke Ezetrol, Inegi.
• Li -ququuction tsa bile acid - sehlopha sa lithethefatsi tse ka tlamang acid e ka mpeng le ho e tlosa 'meleng. Li-acid tse tsoang ka hare ke lihlahisoa tsa phapanyetsano ea mafura le cholesterol, ka hona, kamora hore acid e tsoe 'meleng, boemo ba cholesterol maling bo tla theoha haholo. Metsoako e arohaneng ea metsi e ka baka ho ruruha le ho koata ka mpeng. Li-sequestrants tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa: Colestyramine, Colestipol, Colextran, Colesevelam, gum ea Hewar.
• Fibrate - lihlahisoa tsa "acid" tsa fibrin, tse fokotsang tekanyo ea li-triglycerides maling, li tlatsetsa keketseho ea liperesente tsa lipoprotein tse phahameng. Khahlano le semelo sa ho nka li-fibrate, mathata a ka har'a sebete a ka hlaha, takatso ea thobalano e ka fokola, ho rohakana ho ka hlaha, le takatso ea lijo ea eketseha. Li-fibrate tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa: Bezamidin, Lipanor, Lopid, Atromide, Miskleron, Gavilon, Normolit, Atromidin, Besalip, Lipantil, Tricor, jj.
• Nicotinic acid ke sehlopha sa Vitamin B se fumanehang lijong. Khoso ea nicotinic acid e ka fanoa haeba ho na le keketseho ea boemo ba lipoprotein tse tlaase. Ka lebaka la thibelo ea lipolysis tse itšireletsang (ho lokolloa ha mafura ho tsoa liseleng tse kenellang maling), liperesente tsa LDL li qala ho fokotseha, 'me HDL (lipalo tse phahameng tsa methapo ea methapo), ka lehlakoreng le leng, e eketseha. Niacin o thusa ho hatella mofuta oa k'holeseterole ka har'a sebete. Ntle le moo, niacin e na le phello e matla. Ho amohela li-niacin ho phahamisa nts'etsopele e ntlafalitsoeng ea cholesterol plaque, e fokotsa maemo a tsoekere ea mali. Niacin e eketsa ts'ebeliso ea liprotheine tsa limela 'meleng, e tiisa ts'ebetso ea sephiri le koloi ka mpeng, e ntlafatsa sephiri le sebopeho sa lero la pancreatic, le ho etsa hore sebete se tloaelehe.

Bakeng sa ho fetola sebopeho sa lipid tsa mali, maemong a thata ka ho fetisisa, ho ka sebelisoa mokhoa oa extracorporeal oa tlhoekiso ea mali: plasma sorption, hemosorption, immunosorption ea lipoproteins. Nakong ea ts'ebetso, mali a monna ea kulang a ntšoa ka mothapong ebe o hloekisoa ka likhoele tse khethehileng.

Mali a hloekisitsoeng ka nako e ts'oanang a kena mothapong o mong a sebelisa catheter. Tabeng ena, k'holeseterole e phahameng e tlosoa kapele. Ke mokhoa ofe oa kalafo o lokelang ho khethoa ke ngaka e eang. Ha ho amohelehe ho itlhakola le ho sebelisa litlhare ka likeletso tsa metsoalle!

Ntle le ho etsa lits'ebetso tsa bongaka, ngaka e eang teng e tlameha ho fana ka litlolo tsa phepo e nepahetseng le ho tsamaisa moqoqo mabapi le bohlokoa ba ho tlosa liponto tse eketsehileng. Mokuli o tla tlameha ho tlohela ho tsuba ka ho felletseng, ho noa joala ho qoba litlamorao tse sa thabiseng.

Ho hloa lithaba le lipapali ke tsa bohlokoa letsatsi le leng le le leng. Boikoetliso ba aerobic, ho sesa, ho matha kapa volleyball li ntle haholo. Palo ea mesebetsi ea 'mele, hammoho le mokhoa oa kalafo, e lokela ho khothalletsoa ke ngaka e eang.

Cholesterol ke eng?

E fetoletsoe ho tsoa ho Senyesemane sa khale e bolela "bile e thata" ebile e rarahane, e leng joala ba tlhaho ba tlhaho. 80% e hlahisoa ke 'mele ka boeona (hoo e ka bang li-milligram 500), ba bang kaofela, 20%, ba tsoa lijong. Lebitso le leng la ntho ena ke k'holeseterole. Karolo ea eona e ka sehloohong e thehoa ka har'a sebete.

Qalo ea pele e qalile ka 1769. Ka 1859, Marseille Berthelot o ile a paka hore ntho e kang mafura ke ea sehlopha sa li-alcohols.

Cholesterol ha e qhibilihe ka metsing, e na le boikarabello ba ho tšepahala ha li-membrane tsa lisele le tlhahiso ea vithamine D, lihormone le li-acid acid.

Lipoprotein ke metsoako e rarahaneng ka lebaka la hore ntho e tsamaisoa ho pholletsa le 'mele. Bo-rasaense ba khetholla mefuta e 3:

1. Tekanyo e tlase ("e mpe"),
2. E phahameng ("hantle"). E thibela ho etsoa ha li-plaque atherosselotic.
3. Chylomicrons. Li kenyelletsa triglycerides. Hlaha ka mala.

Mesebetsi ea cholesterol 'meleng:

• e khutlisetsa metabolism
• e hlophisa mosebetsi oa litho tsa ka hare,
• e thusa ho tlatsana ha lihormone tsa thobalano,
• ho fetola vithamine D,
• e khetholla likhoele tsa methapo.

Lisosa tsa High Cholesterol

Hobaneng ho na le cholesterol e phahameng ea mali? Ho latela datha ea bongaka, lintlha tse bakang keketseho ea ts'ebetso ea "bile e thata" ke tse latelang:

• Hlooho ea methapo,
• Boima bo feteletseng
• Boloetse
• Lefu la tsoekere
• Boholo
• Mathata a amanang le qoqotho
• Mokhoa oa bophelo bo iketlileng
• Khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng
• Lefu la Gallstone
• Lefu la pelo ea Ischemic,
• Khatello ea maikutlo
• Tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea li-immunosuppressants, jj.

Joalokaha u bona, lebaka le ka sehloohong la cholesterol e phahameng ho thobalano e matla ke mokhoa o fosahetseng oa bophelo.

Ho eketseha ha tšebetso ho banna ho hloka kalafo hanghang. Matšoao a mang a kantle le a ka hare a mokuli a tla thusa ho a tseba. Sehlopha sa pele se kenyeletsa:

• matheba a holim'a lefutso,
• letlalo le mosehla ka mahlo,
• maikutlo a sa thabiseng maotong ha o matha kapa o tsamaea.

E le ho tseba ho kula ka bolokolohi, monna o lokela ho ela hloko xanthelasma le xanthomas (matheba a masoeu le a bosehla tlasa letlalo). Li ka hlaha lintšing le likarolong tse ling tsa sefahleho le 'mele.

Ntle le tse thathamisitsoeng, matšoao a k'holeseterole e phahameng 'meleng oa monna a kenyeletsa moriri o moputsoa oa pele. Haeba moriri oa mohlankana o qala ho fetoha o mosoeu, o lokela ho feta litekong tse nepahetseng.

Matšoao a ka hare a kenyelletsa:

• fokotsa masapo a methapo ea pelo,
• likotlo tsa methapo ea mali, ka lebaka leo, a otloa ke stroke.
• timetso ea lipalo tse ka lebisang ho oeng hoa pelo,
• ho senyeha hoa mohopolo
• bohloko pelong.

Khafetsa, cholesterol e phahameng ho banna ha e ikutloe. Bothata bo fumanoa nakong ea ketelo e latelang ea ngaka. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo hore litlhahlobo tsa bongaka li hlophisehe ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng.

Cholesterol e theolang lijo

Haeba monna a ne a phahamisitse k'holeseterole, joale o ile a khothalletsoa hore a se kenye nama ea nama ea kolobe, lisoseji, nama ea linonyana tsa metsi le setifikeiti se tsoang ka tlung. O lokela hape ho fokotsa ho ja ha hau mahe le chisi. Lenane la tse lumelletsoeng le kenyeletsa mmutla, veal, turkey kapa fillet ea khoho, lebese le liperesente tse tlase tsa mafura. Ho hlokahala ho fana ka khetho ho lihlahisoa tsa semela sa tlhaho.

Lithollo (oatmeal, buckwheat), linate, bohobe bo tsoang ho phofo e koahetsoeng li thusa haholo.

Se ke oa lebala ka lihlahisoa tse fokotsang ts'ebetso ea "bile e thata":

1. Lioli tse nang le limela (haholo-holo mohloaare le lero la soneblomo le sa sebelisoeng) li sebelisoa joalo ka moaparo.
2. Nama. Mefuta e fokolang ea mafura. Mohlala, konyana. Ho khothalletsoa ho sesa kapa ho pheha.
3. Lino. Lethathamo la tse nang le thuso li kenyelletsa metsi, lero le lecha le kentsoeng, li-compotes tse sa fuoeng.
4. Lijarete Sebeletsa e le mohloli oa fiber (bohobe, bohobe). Etsa bonnete ba ho kenyelletsa lijo-thollo tse tsoang raese, koro, li-buckwheat (ka metsing kapa lebese le se nang skim, ntle le oli) lijong.
5. Litholoana (liapole, libanana, litholoana tsa lamunu, morara, liperela, plums).
6. Monokotšoai (fragole, fragole, li-currants, li-raspberries).
7. Meroho (haholo lihoete, li-zucchini, Brussels ea hlaha) e ncha le e phehiloeng.
8. Lihlahisoa tse tlase tsa lebese.
9. Linako tsa selemo (ntle le tse khubelu / tse ntšo le allspice).

Ts'ebetso ea k'holeseterole

Boitšoaro ba biochemical bo amana ka kotloloho le lits'ebetso tsohle tsa mmele. Tekanyo ea cholesterol ho motho ea phetseng hantle e lula e le joalo, tloaelo ea eona ha e fetang 5.2 mmol / l. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 80% ea lipid e rarahaneng e entsoe ka sebete, phomolo e tla ka lijo. Sterol e kenya letsoho ho kenngoeng ha lihormone tsa thobalano ho banna, e ikarabella bakeng sa motsoako oa li-acid acid, vithamine D, ntho ena e kenella ka matla ho keneng lijo tse tloaelehileng.

Sterol ke tšibollo ea metabolism ea mafura, mosebetsi oa eona o moholo ke ho tlisa lipids tsa endo native le exo native likarolong tsa sele ka 'ngoe, moo li fanang ka matla a li-cytoshells, li sirelletsang lisele ho chefo, chefo.

Cholesterol e bohlokoa haholo bokong le mokokotlong, kaha ke karolo ea methapo ea kutlo. Ntle le moo, e ts'ehetsa tekanyo ea metsi ea lisele, boits'ireletso ba batho.

Ho senya ts'ebetso leha e le efe ea metabolism ho fetola khatello ea mali cholesterol ea mali, e leng sesupo sa bohlokoa sa tlhahlobo ea lefu le tsoelo-pele ea methapo ea methapo.

Matšoao le lipontšo tsa kliniki

Keketseho ea cholesterol e ke ke ea bonoa ka mahlo, ntle le tlhahlobo ea mali, tlhahlobo ea hypercholesterolemia e ke ke ea etsoa, ​​empa ho na le matšoao a boemo ba pathological a etsang hore ho belaelle tlolo ea metabolism ea mafura:

• ponahalo ea xanthomas kapa xanthelasms letlalong ke benign neoplasms e nang le lisele tse mafura,
• sebopeho sa lipoid arch - 'mala o mosehla ho sclera: ho batho ba bacha ba bua ka mathata a metabolic, ho batho ba tsofetseng - ka botsofe ba mmele,
• khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng ea lijana tsa mabelo a tlase haholo ho baka tsitsipano, bohloko maotong,
• hypoxia ea lisele tsa mesifa ea pelo, lisebelisoa tsa mahlo - li baka ho hloka botsitso kamora sternum, pherekano ea pono,
• ho se leka-lekane ha li-hormonal ho lebisa ho baldness, ho se sebetse hantle ho tsa thobalano.

Karolo e phahameng ea k'holeseterole e baka botenya ba mofuta oa basali, hammoho le li-pathologies tse fapaneng tsa methapo tse itšetlehileng ka ho fumaneha ha cholesterol plaque.

Lekola bothata

Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho fumana cholesterol e phahameng ke tlhahlobo ea mali. O kenyelelitsoe tlhahlobo e fokolang ea bongaka ea mokuli e mong le e mong ea batlang thuso ea bongaka, lenaneong la tlhatlhobo ea bongaka. Bakeng sa lipatlisiso, nka 5ml ea mali maling a tsoang mothapong o se nang letho. Phapang ea tlhahlobo ke tokelo ea bongaka ea ngaka.

Ho banna ke bona ba khethang:

• OAC le OAM ho hlakisa bophelo bo botle ba mokuli,
• tlhatlhobo ea biochemical ka qeto ea tsoekere ea mali, creatinine, uric acid - lipontšo tsa phapanyetsano,
• Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole (OH) - kakaretso ea likaroloana tsohle,
• LDL - lipoprotein tse fokolang haholo (haeba ho hlokahala - VLDL: lipoprotein tse tlaase haholo),
• HDL - lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo (haeba ho hlokahala - LAPP: lipoprotein tse mahareng).

Phetolelo e atolositsoeng ea liteko tsa mali bakeng sa liteko tsa mali bakeng sa triglycerides, tlhahlobo ea bohloeki, liphatsa tsa lefutso, profil profil e ka khethoa ho khetholla semelo sa lelapa sa pathology, ho hlakisa mofuta oa hypercholesterolemia.

Boemo ba lipids bo fetoha ho theosa le lilemo, bo ananeloang ha ho etsoa tlhahisoleseling.Tloaelo ea k'holeseterole 'meleng oa monna ea lilemo tse 20 (ho tloha ho tse tharo ho isa ho tse 5) e fapana haholo le litloaelo tsa mokuli ea lilemo tse mashome a mane (ho tloha ho 3.5 ho isa ho 7), haholoholo ho cholesterol e tsofetseng, e bonts'ang nako e telele ea lilemo tse 50-55 (ho fihla ho 7.2 mmol / l).

Karolelano ea LDL le HDL e batla e le 50:50.

Litšobotsi tsa kalafo

Hypercholesterolemia e bolela khalemelo e nakong le e loketseng. Ha e sa hlokomeloe, e ka baka mathata a bolaeang: lefu la atherosmithosis kaofela, ho otloa ke pelo, ho nyekeloa ke pelo kapa lefu la sethoathoa, lefu.

Melemo

Ho eketseha ka lebaka la maemo a fapaneng, boemo ba cholesterol maling a banna bo bolela kalafo ea lithethefatsi ha ho sa na litholoana tsa kalafo ea phepo. Lihlopheng tse ka sehloohong tsa lithethefatsi li hlahisoa tafoleng:

Statins: Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin, Lovastatin, Simvastatin.